A-iot communication method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product

Abstract

The present application discloses an A-IoT communication method, an apparatus, a device, a medium, and a program product. The method comprises: sending a first PPDU, wherein the first PPDU comprises a first part and a second part, frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of frequency domain resources occupied by the first part, and during a transmission duration of the second part, one or more A-IoT devices are supported to perform uplink transmission. The second part is sent by a network device so as to protect uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, thereby facilitating compatibility and coexistence of the A-IoT devices with other devices.

Description

A-IoT communication methods, devices, equipment, media, and software products Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an A-IoT communication method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] In some scenarios, the transmission of A-IoT devices may interfere with the transmission of other devices, which is not conducive to the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices.

[0003] Therefore, how to avoid transmission conflicts and interference between A-IoT devices and other devices is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an A-IoT communication method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product, the technical solution of which includes at least:

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, an A-IoT communication method is provided, the method being executed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0007] Send a first PPDU, which includes a first part and a second part, wherein the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part;

[0008] The second part supports uplink transmission for one or more A-IoT devices during the transmission time.

[0009] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an A-IoT communication method is provided, the method being executed by an A-IoT device, the method comprising:

[0010] Uplink transmission is performed during the transmission time of the second part, which is contained within the first PPDU sent by the network device. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

[0011] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0012] A transmitting module is used to transmit a first PPDU, the first PPDU including a first part and a second part, wherein the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part;

[0013] The second part supports uplink transmission for one or more A-IoT devices during the transmission time.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0015] The transmitting module is used to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the second part being contained in the first PPDU transmitted by the network device. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

[0016] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a processor; a transceiver connected to the processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a transceiver; the transceiver being configured to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0018] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores at least one program that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in the foregoing aspects.

[0019] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product or computer program is provided, the computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor obtaining the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in the above aspects.

[0020] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a chip is provided, the chip including a programmable logic circuit and / or at least a program, the chip being used to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in the foregoing aspects based on the programmable logic circuit and / or the at least a program.

[0021] The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment may include the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The system supports protecting the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices through both the first and second parts of the transmission. On one hand, other devices can confirm the channel is busy by receiving the first part, preventing them from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. On the other hand, during the transmission of the second part, other devices can detect the power, thus confirming the channel is busy and preventing them from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of both parts effectively reduces the probability of interference and conflicts caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also prevents A-IoT devices from interfering with the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication process provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of TXOP sharing provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 illustrates an interference diagram provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 8 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 9 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 10 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 19 shows the simulation results of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 20 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 21 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 22 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 23 illustrates a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 24 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 25 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 26 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 27 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 28 shows a schematic diagram of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 29 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 30 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 31 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 32 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 33 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail here, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0058] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0059] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein can be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination." In this specification, when expressing the meaning of Boolean Values, it is expressed that "0" represents "first meaning" and "1" represents "second meaning." Without loss of generality, those skilled in the art will understand that the meanings they represent can be interchanged, that is, "1" represents "first meaning" and "0" represents "second meaning."

[0060] The technical solutions described in some embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) systems, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, New Radio (NR) systems, subsequent evolution systems of NR systems, 5th-Generation (5G) systems, Advanced 5th-Generation (5G-A) systems, Beyond 5th-Generation (B5G) systems, 6G systems, subsequent evolution systems of 6G systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) systems, LTE-Based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (LTE-U) systems, NR-Based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum (NR-U) systems, cellular IoT systems, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Communication systems include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Terrestrial Networks (TN), Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).Among them, 5G systems and their subsequent evolution systems can adopt a non-standalone (NSA) network architecture or a standalone (SA) network architecture.

[0061] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 100 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The wireless communication system 100 includes terminal devices with terminal devices, or terminal devices with network devices, or stations (STAs) with stations, which are not limited in this application.

[0062] The network equipment in this application supports wireless communication functions, including but not limited to: base stations (BS), node Bs (NBs), evolved node Bs (eNBs), next-generation node Bs (gNBs), radio network controllers (RNCs), base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), home evolved node Bs or home node Bs (HNBs), baseband units (BBUs), remote radio units (RRUs), distributed units (DUs), wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, transmission points (TPs), transmission and reception points (TRPs), antenna panels, routers, readers, etc.

[0063] The terminal equipment in this application, also referred to as user equipment (UE), includes, but is not limited to: mobile phones, tablets, e-book readers, laptops, desktop computers, televisions, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, mixed reality (MR) devices, extended reality (XR) devices, remote terminals, set-top boxes, vehicle communication equipment, handheld devices, wearable devices, wireless devices in industrial control, wireless devices in self-driving, wireless devices in remote medical care, wireless devices in smart grids, wireless devices in transportation safety, wireless devices in smart cities, wireless devices in smart homes, wireless communication chips, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. Vehicles (IoV) nodes, sensors, etc., can also be computing devices with wireless communication capabilities or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem.

[0064] Figure 1(a) shows an example of a wireless communication system 100 including network device 110 and terminal device 120.

[0065] In some embodiments, both network device 110 and terminal device 120 support the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol, but are not limited to the 3GPP protocol.

[0066] In this application, STA can include Access Point STA (AP STA) and / or Non-Access Point STA (non-AP STA). An AP STA can be simply referred to as an AP. Communication between STAs can be between an AP and a non-AP STA, between two non-AP STAs, or between a STA and a peer STA. A peer STA refers to the device communicating with the STA; a peer STA can be an AP or a non-AP STA.

[0067] Figure 1(b) shows an example of a wireless communication system 100 including an AP 130 and a non-AP STA 140.

[0068] In some embodiments, AP 130 is a device deployed in a WLAN / Wi-Fi system to provide wireless communication functionality for STAs. AP 130 provides wireless access services and acts as a bridge between wired and wireless networks. AP 130 can be a terminal device or network device with a WLAN / Wi-Fi chip. Non-AP STA 140 can be a terminal device with a WLAN / Wi-Fi chip.

[0069] In some embodiments, the AP 130 supports the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standard protocols, such as 802.11bp, 802.11bn, 802.11be, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, among other current and future WLAN standards. The AP 130 can also be used in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems / next-generation Wi-Fi communications.

[0070] In some embodiments, the non-AP STA 140 supports standard protocols of the IEEE 802.11 family, such as 802.11bp, 802.11bn, 802.11be, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, among other current and future WLAN standards. The non-AP STA 140 can also be used in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems / next-generation Wi-Fi communication.

[0071] In this embodiment, the next-generation WLAN system is an evolution of the 802.11be system and is backward compatible with the 802.11be system. Next-generation Wi-Fi communication refers to any new generation of Wi-Fi communication after Wi-Fi 7 based on the IEEE 802.11be standard, such as Ultra High Reliability (UHR) communication.

[0072] It's understandable that the role of a STA in wireless communication is not absolute. For example, when phone A is connected to a router, phone A is a non-AP STA, but when phone A acts as a hotspot for phone B, phone A acts as an AP.

[0073] In this application embodiment, the STA can be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, such as one that supports the 802.11 series of protocols and can communicate with the AP or other STAs. For example, an STA is any user communication device that allows users to communicate with the AP and thus with the WLAN. STAs can be, for example, a UE, a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user equipment, etc.

[0074] In this application embodiment, the STA can also be a device that provides voice / data / image connectivity to the user, such as a handheld device, vehicle device, home device, home appliance, gaming device, etc., with wireless connection function or equipped with a wireless communication module. Examples include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving vehicles, drones or aerial photography equipment, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices with wireless communication capabilities, other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks, and Beyond 5G. Terminal devices in 5G (B5G) networks, terminal devices in 6G networks, and terminal devices in future evolved Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) can also be televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, kitchen appliances, door locks, fish tanks, robot vacuum cleaners, game consoles, cameras / camcorders, sensors, etc. with wireless connectivity. This application embodiment is not limited to these.

[0075] By way of example and not limitation, the STA in the embodiments of this application can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that apply wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Examples include smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as devices that focus on a specific type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0076] Furthermore, the STA in this application embodiment can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of future information technology development, and its main technical feature is connecting objects to networks through communication technologies, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection. In this application embodiment, IoT technology can achieve massive connectivity, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through technologies such as narrowband (NB).

[0077] Furthermore, the STA in this application embodiment can also be an in-vehicle communication device in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system or the vehicle itself. The communication methods in a V2X system are collectively referred to as V2X (where X represents anything). For example, V2X communication includes: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, etc.

[0078] In some embodiments, there are one or more links between AP 130 and non-AP STA 140.

[0079] In some embodiments, multi-band communication is supported between AP 130 and non-AP STA 140. For example, simultaneous communication on one or more frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz. Alternatively, simultaneous communication on different channels within the same frequency band or on different channels in different frequency bands. Multi-band communication can improve communication throughput and / or reliability between devices. Such a device supporting multi-band communication can be considered to have multi-link operation (MLO) capability and is commonly referred to as a multi-band device or multi-link device (MLD), sometimes also called a multi-band entity or multi-link entity. In other words, an MLD is an entity or device that supports communication with other MLD entities using multiple wireless links.

[0080] An AP MLD can include one or more APs; that is, an AP MLD's associated STAs include one or more APs. A non-AP MLD can include one or more non-AP STAs; that is, a non-AP MLD's associated STAs include one or more non-AP STAs. One or more links can be formed between AP MLDs and non-AP MLDs, allowing communication between APs associated with an AP MLD and between non-AP STAs associated with a non-AP MLD. One or more peer-to-peer (P2P) links can also be formed between non-AP MLDs, allowing communication between non-AP STAs associated with two different non-AP MLDs. Similarly, one or more P2P links can be formed between AP MLDs, allowing communication between APs associated with two different AP MLDs.

[0081] In some embodiments, both AP 130 and non-AP STA 140 support the IEEE 802.11 protocol, but are not limited to the IEEE 802.11 protocol.

[0082] In some embodiments, the frequency bands supported by the wireless communication system 100 include, but are not limited to: millimeter wave (mmWave) bands (such as 45GHz, 60GHz, etc., which belong to the 30-300GHz range) and low-frequency bands. Among them, low-frequency bands include Sub-7 GHz bands (such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz, etc., which belong to the 1-7.25GHz range).

[0083] • Regarding zero-power devices:

[0084] With the development of communication technology and the expansion of communication needs, the demand for low-power communication equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. Therefore, zero-power communication technology is introduced to reduce power consumption on the UE side. Zero-power communication technology can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power communication technology, low-power communication technology, etc. Communication equipment used to implement zero-power communication technology can be called zero-power device, and zero-power device can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power device, low-power device, etc.

[0085] Specifically, from the perspective of energy source and usage, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0086] (1) Passive Devices: Passive devices do not require an internal battery. When a passive device approaches a network device (such as a reader in an RFID system), it is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. Therefore, the passive device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the low-power chip circuitry of the passive device. This enables demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. For backscatter links, passive devices can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission methods to transmit signals. Since passive devices do not require an internal battery to drive either the forward or backward link, they can be considered truly zero-power devices.

[0087] Besides not needing batteries, passive devices also have very simple RF and baseband circuits. For example, they do not require low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), etc., which makes passive devices have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0088] In addition to electromagnetic induction, passive devices can also support other energy harvesting methods. By harvesting energy from the environment (such as radio frequency energy, light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), they can obtain energy for the drive circuit to achieve communication.

[0089] (2) Semi-passive devices; semi-passive devices do not have conventional batteries installed. They collect environmental energy such as radio wave energy, solar energy, light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy through an energy harvesting module, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After obtaining energy, the energy storage unit can drive the low-power chip circuit of the semi-passive device. This enables the demodulation of forward link signals and the modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, semi-passive devices can use backscatter or low-power active transmission methods to transmit signals.

[0090] Semi-passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, this energy comes from ambient energy harvested by the energy harvesting module. Therefore, semi-passive devices can be considered true zero-power devices. Semi-passive devices inherit many advantages of passive devices, such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0091] (3) Active devices; Active devices can have built-in batteries. The batteries drive the low-power chip circuits of the active devices, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. The reverse link signal transmission of active devices can be achieved without consuming the power of the active devices themselves, through backscattering. Alternatively, the active devices can achieve reverse link transmission through low-power active transmission. Although they have built-in batteries, these active devices have extremely low power consumption and complexity, so the battery capacity can be set within a small range, thus achieving lower cost and size. The built-in batteries of active devices can also serve as energy storage units to store the environmental energy collected by the energy harvesting module, thereby making the maintenance cycle of active devices longer, or even maintenance-free.

[0092] Active devices utilize built-in batteries for power, increasing communication distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, active devices are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0093] Specifically, from the perspective of transmitter type, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0094] (1) Devices equipped with a backscatter module use the backscattering method described above for uplink transmission. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission; they only have a transmitter with a backscatter module. Therefore, when performing uplink transmission, other devices are required to provide a carrier wave, and these devices achieve uplink transmission by performing backscattering based on the carrier wave.

[0095] (2) Devices equipped with active transmitters use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink transmission. Therefore, such devices can send uplink data using their own active transmitters without requiring an external carrier. Suitable active transmitters for this type of device include, for example, low-power Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) transmitters and low-power Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) transmitters. Based on current implementations, such transmitters can reduce the overall power consumption of the device to 400–600 μW when transmitting a 100 microwatt (μW) signal.

[0096] (3) Devices that simultaneously possess a backscatter module and an active transmitter support both backscatter and active transmission. Such devices can determine whether to use backscatter or an active transmitter for transmission based on different situations (such as different power levels, different available environmental energy, etc.) or on the scheduling of network devices.

[0097] • About Cellular Passive Internet of Things:

[0098] Cellular IoT is booming, and 3GPP has standardized some IoT technologies, but many IoT communication needs in various scenarios remain unmet, such as:

[0099] • Harsh Communication Environments. Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0100] • The need for extremely small terminal form factors. Certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, require terminals with extremely small sizes for ease of use in these environments. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very small packages. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0101] • The need for extremely low-cost IoT communication. Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently competitively priced.

[0102] Therefore, to cover these unmet communication needs, cellular IoT also requires the development of ultra-low-cost, extremely small, battery-free, and maintenance-free IoT, and zero-power IoT can precisely meet this requirement. In standardization discussions, zero-power IoT can also be called Ambient Power Enabled IoT, or simply A-IoT / Ambient IoT / AMP IoT / AMP, etc., and some technical documents also refer to it as Passive IoT.

[0103] Zero-power IoT devices, also known as ambient energy IoT devices or passive IoT devices, are abbreviated as A-IoT devices 220 / Ambient IoT devices / AMP IoT devices / AMP devices. The energy required for operation of A-IoT devices 220 comes from energy harvesting from the environment, such as radio frequency energy, radiation energy, light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy. Among these, A-IoT devices 220 that harvest radio frequency energy to power themselves may require other devices to provide them with radio frequency power signals. A-IoT devices 220 may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity, such as using only a capacitor with a capacitance of tens of microfarads (μF).

[0104] Based on 3GPP's discussion of Ambient IoT application scenarios, Ambient IoT can be applied to at least the following four types of scenarios: 1. Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management; 2. Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the working environment and natural environment; 3. Positioning, such as indoor positioning, smart object finding, and production line item positioning; 4. Smart control, such as smart control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and smart control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0105] The 3GPP RAN study report broadly categorizes A-IoT devices into three types, each with corresponding complexity and communication capabilities: Device A: Lacking energy storage capacity and unable to transmit independent signals; it uses backscattering transmission. Device B: Possesses energy storage capacity, also unable to transmit independent signals, but uses backscattering transmission and can amplify the backscattered signal using stored energy. Device C: Possesses energy storage capacity and can transmit independent signals, possessing active transmission capability. Device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, as low as 1 microwatt (μW), but its communication distance is limited, typically only a few meters. Device A requires a carrier signal from the network device for backscattering transmission. Device C typically has a large-capacity capacitor to store energy from the environment, supporting power consumption of several hundred microwatts. It supports active signal transmission and has a longer communication distance. Because Device C can transmit actively, it does not require a carrier signal from the network device. Device B's complexity and power consumption fall between those of Device A and Device C.

[0106] The Ambient IoT Devices research project in 3GPP Release 19 (R19) aims to study a unified air interface design, minimizing differences (if necessary), to achieve support for at least the following two classes of A-IoT devices 220:

[0107] Type i: Peak power consumption of approximately 1μW, with energy storage capability, up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) in ppm (parts per million) is not amplified for either downlink or uplink transmission of the A-IoT device 220. Uplink transmission of the A-IoT device 220 is achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier. Here, x is greater than 0.

[0108] Type ii: Peak power consumption less than several hundred microwatts, with energy storage capacity, up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset of ppm can be amplified for downlink and / or uplink transmissions of A-IoT device 220. Uplink transmissions of A-IoT device 220 can be generated internally by the device (i.e., through active transmission) or achieved by backscattering on an externally provided carrier. Here, x is greater than 0.

[0109] Type i devices have lower peak power consumption than Type ii devices. Type i devices use backscatter communication for uplink transmission, a compromise between Device A and Device B in the RAN study report (possessing energy storage capability but unable to amplify the signal). Type ii devices have higher peak power consumption. Uplink transmission can use either active transmission or backscatter communication. When using active transmission, Type ii devices are similar to Device C in the RAN study report; when using backscatter communication, they are similar to Device B.

[0110] In addition, 3GPP also discussed several services that A-IoT devices 220 might participate in, each with its own specific service characteristics:

[0111] • Device-Originated (DO) services: For A-IoT device 220, this refers to services in which the A-IoT device 220 sends signaling / data to network devices and / or intermediate nodes. These services can be initiated by the A-IoT device 220 itself or triggered by a specific event. Examples include Ambient IoT data reporting, data transmission, and signaling transmission.

[0112] • Device-Terminated (DT) Service: For A-IoT device 220, this refers to the service where network devices and / or intermediate nodes send signaling / data to A-IoT device 220. For example, a network device sends control signaling to A-IoT device 220, and A-IoT device 220 performs the corresponding operation.

[0113] • Device-Originated Autonomous (DO-A) Service: For A-IoT device 220, this refers to the service where the A-IoT device 220 autonomously initiates the sending of signaling / data to network devices and / or intermediate nodes, which is a type of DO service. For example, the A-IoT device 220 sends alarm information to network devices and / or intermediate nodes.

[0114] • Device-Terminated Triggered (DO-DTT): A service initiated and terminated by A-IoT device 220, triggered by network devices and / or intermediate nodes. Typical examples include asset inventory services and sensor sensing services. For instance, triggering A-IoT device 220 to report its own identifier (ID) information or sensor data.

[0115] IEEE has also launched a research project on Ambient IoT Devices, broadly categorizing A-IoT devices into two types based on their complexity and communication capabilities: 1) Ambient-only IoT Devices (AMP-only IoT Devices): These devices operate using ambient energy, have little or no energy storage, and employ backscattering or active transmission methods, consuming less than 1 milliwatt (mW). Their coverage range reaches 30 meters indoors and 100 meters outdoors. 2) Ambient-assisted IoT Devices (AMP-assisted IoT Devices): Similar to existing 802.11 devices, these devices reuse existing physical layer designs, operate using ambient energy, and have energy storage capabilities. Their coverage range reaches 30 meters indoors and 200 meters outdoors.

[0116] Figure 2 illustrates a wireless communication system 200 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including a network device 210 and an A-IoT device 220. The network device 210 is used to send wireless power signals and / or downlink communication signals to the A-IoT device 220, and to receive backscattered signals and / or signals actively transmitted by the A-IoT device 220. The A-IoT device 220 can also be replaced with a zero-power device.

[0117] Network device 210 and A-IoT device 220 can exchange frames, such as Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) exchanges. In this application, for ease of description, the PPDU sent by A-IoT device 220 is referred to as an uplink PPDU, and the PPDU sent to A-IoT device 220 is referred to as a downlink PPDU. The receiver of the uplink PPDU can be an AP and / or a non-AP STA, and the sender of the downlink PPDU can be an AP and / or a non-AP STA. Based on the transmission methods described above, the uplink PPDU can be actively transmitted by A-IoT device 220, or it can be backscattered by A-IoT device 220 based on an external carrier.

[0118] A-IoT device 220 includes an energy harvesting module 321. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 321, A-IoT device 220 may also include one or more of the following: a backscatter communication module 322, a logic processing module 323, a sensor module 324, and a memory (not shown in the figure). For example, the logic processing module 323 includes a low-power computing module. It should be understood that the modules included in the A-IoT device 220 shown in Figure 2 are merely an example and not a limitation.

[0119] For example, the energy harvesting module 321 can harvest ambient energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, solar energy, and radiation energy, to power the various modules of the A-IoT device 220. If the ambient energy harvested by the A-IoT device 220 is radio frequency energy, the signal used to provide the radio frequency energy can be called the power supply signal.

[0120] In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) power is harvested based on ambient radio frequency (RF) signals; that is, the power supply signal is an ambient RF signal. Ambient RF signals include, for example, RF signals from other communication systems, broadcast signals, etc. In this case, the power harvesting method of the A-IoT device 220 can be considered passive. Here, "other communication systems" refers to communication systems that do not include the A-IoT device 220. In this case, the power supply signal can employ physical layer technologies supported by other communication systems; for example, the power supply signal can be an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal.

[0121] In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) power harvesting is based on in-band radio frequency (RF) signals, meaning the power supply signal is an in-band RF signal. In-band RF signals may include signals transmitted using time-frequency resources within the communication system containing the A-IoT device 220. Such a power supply signal helps ensure energy harvesting efficiency and reliability. In this case, the power supply signal can employ physical layer technologies supported by the A-IoT device 220; for example, the power supply signal may be a simple waveform obtained through simple modulation.

[0122] After acquiring power, the A-IoT device 220 can receive signals from the network device 210 via a receiver, reflect signals back to the network device 210 via the backscatter communication module 322, or transmit signals back to the network device 210 via a transmitter (not shown in the figure). The data reflected or transmitted by the A-IoT device 220 can be its own stored data (such as identification or pre-written information, such as the production date, brand, and manufacturer of a product). The sensor module 324 can include various types of sensors, and the A-IoT device 220 can report the data collected by these sensors based on a low-power mechanism. The memory is used to store basic information (such as item identification) or to acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

[0123] The A-IoT device 220 can use a logic processing module 323 to perform simple operations such as signal demodulation, decoding, encoding, and modulation. The hardware design can be very simple, making the A-IoT device 220 very low in cost and small in size.

[0124] Figure 3 illustrates the principle of radio frequency power harvesting (RF Power Harvesting) performed by the power harvesting module 321. RF power harvesting is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The RF module, through electromagnetic induction and connected in parallel with a capacitor C and a load resistor RL, harvests electromagnetic wave energy from space to obtain the energy required to power the A-IoT device 220. This energy is used to drive the low-power demodulation module, modulation module, sensors, and memory access. Based on this, the A-IoT device 220 can operate without a traditional battery.

[0125] In backscatter communication, the backscattered signal can be modulated or not. Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of backscatter communication with modulation. The transmit (TX) module 111 of network device 210 uses an amplifier (AMP) 112 to transmit a wireless signal carrier 131. A-IoT device 220 receives and modulates the wireless signal carrier 131, uses a logic processing module 323 to load the information to be transmitted, and uses an energy harvesting module 321 to harvest radio frequency energy. A-IoT device 220 uses antenna 316 to radiate the modulated reflected signal 132. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. The receive (RX) module 113 of network device 210 uses an LNA 114 to receive the modulated reflected signal 132. Backscatter and load modulation functions are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of A-IoT device 220 according to the data flow rhythm, causing parameters such as the impedance of A-IoT device 220 to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process.

[0126] Load modulation techniques mainly include resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. Figure 5 shows the schematic diagram of resistive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, the load resistance R... L A third resistor R3 is connected in parallel. A switch S, controlled by binary encoding, is used to turn the circuit on or off. The switching of the third resistor R3 causes a change in the voltage across the circuit. The load resistor R... L It is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the load resistor R LThe first inductor L1 is connected in series with the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 is connected in series with the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is coupled to the second inductor L2, and the second inductor L2 is connected in series with the second capacitor C2. For example, ASK modulation can be implemented, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the terminal device. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the circuit resonant frequency can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, achieving FSK modulation, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the terminal device.

[0127] The A-IoT device 220 can use load modulation to modulate the incoming wave signal, thus realizing the backscatter communication process.

[0128] Therefore, the A-IoT device 220 has the following significant advantages: (1) it does not need to actively transmit signals, thus eliminating the need for complex radio frequency links such as PAs and radio frequency filters; (2) it does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, thus eliminating the need for high-frequency crystal oscillators; and (3) with the help of backscatter communication, signal transmission does not consume its own energy. Overall, compared with other terminal devices, the A-IoT device 220 has many advantages such as no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost, and long life cycle, supporting its wide application in various industries, such as logistics, object recognition, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, industrial internet, etc. for vertical industries, as well as smart wearables, smart homes, smart control, etc., and environmental monitoring, positioning and other services.

[0129] In some scenarios, communication of A-IoT devices is triggered by network devices or intermediate nodes. For example, when operating in unlicensed frequency bands, communication of A-IoT devices generally needs to be triggered by network devices or intermediate nodes. The reasons are as follows: 1) A-IoT devices using backscatter transmission require an external carrier to achieve backscatter transmission; 2) Regardless of whether an A-IoT device uses backscatter transmission or supports an active transmitter, it is difficult to support the transmission of OFDM waveform preambles, and can only support preambles of simple waveforms, such as On-Off Keying (OOK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), or Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). Therefore, third-party devices (such as traditional Wi-Fi devices) cannot detect the transmission of A-IoT devices by detecting preambles of simple waveforms, thus posing a challenge to the coexistence of A-IoT devices and third-party devices.

[0130] In scenarios where A-IoT device communication is triggered by network devices, the network device can preempt the channel through Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) and then share it with the A-IoT device, as shown in Figure 6. Preempting the channel can also be understood as preempting the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP). During this process, third-party devices can detect the A-IoT communication signal by detecting the preamble during the downlink (DL) transmission of the network device. The A-IoT communication signal includes the DL signal (such as DL frames) sent by the network device and the uplink (UL) signal (such as UL frames) transmitted or backscattered by the A-IoT device, thus facilitating coexistence between A-IoT devices and third-party devices. Furthermore, this mechanism allows A-IoT devices to avoid channel eavesdropping before transmission, thereby saving the energy consumed by channel eavesdropping.

[0131] However, due to the low transmit power of A-IoT devices, when only the A-IoT device is transmitting signals within the shared TXOP of network devices, third-party devices may mistakenly assume the channel is idle and transmit because they cannot detect the UL transmission of the A-IoT device. This can lead to simultaneous transmission by both the A-IoT device and the third-party device. In some scenarios, as shown in Figure 7, when A-IoT device 701 sends an uplink signal to network device 702, even though the transmit power of A-IoT device 701 is low, its UL transmission can still interfere with the transmission of third-party device 703 because it is close to the fourth-party device 704 (the device receiving the signal sent by third-party device 703). Of course, due to the low transmit power of A-IoT device 701, its UL transmission is more susceptible to interference from the transmission of third-party device 703.

[0132] To this end, this application proposes an A-IoT communication method that helps reduce mutual interference between the transmission of other devices and the transmission of A-IoT devices, and avoids transmission conflicts between A-IoT devices and other devices as much as possible.

[0133] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a network device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0134] Step 820: Send the first PPDU, which includes a first part and a second part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. The transmission time of the second part supports uplink transmission for one or more A-IoT devices.

[0135] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. This can be understood as the second part occupying some or all of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. Therefore, the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are less than or equal to those occupied by the first part. In some embodiments, the first part is primarily used for compatibility with legacy devices. Legacy devices can be wireless devices supporting existing 3GPP protocols, such as network device 110 and / or terminal device 120 shown in Figure 1. Legacy devices can also refer to traditional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices, i.e., wireless devices supporting existing 802.11 protocols, such as AP 130 and / or non-AP STA 140 shown in Figure 1. Legacy devices can also refer to devices supporting Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) mechanisms, or devices supporting Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first part may also be referred to as the broadband part or the broadband signal.

[0137] The second part of the transmission time supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices. That is, within the duration of the second part, the network device supports one or more A-IoT devices sending uplink PPDUs. This can also be understood as the second part of the transmission time being available for uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices, or as the second part of the transmission time protecting the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices. Therefore, it can be considered that uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices exists within the second part of the transmission time. Of course, this application does not exclude the possibility that uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices does not exist within the second part of the transmission time. In other words, although the second part of the transmission time supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices, for some reason, such as the A-IoT device not receiving the PPDU used to trigger or schedule uplink transmission, or the A-IoT device having no transmission requirement, the A-IoT device does not perform uplink transmission within the second part of the transmission time.

[0138] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device can be achieved through multiplexing technology.

[0139] In some embodiments, the second part may also be referred to as a placeholder signal, a placeholder portion, a protection signal, or a protection portion.

[0140] The network devices in this application embodiment can refer to network device 110 and / or AP 130 shown in FIG1.

[0141] In summary, the method provided in this application supports network devices in sending a first PPDU comprising a first part and a second part to protect the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices. On one hand, other devices can receive the first part to confirm that the channel is busy, preventing them from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. On the other hand, during the transmission time of the second part, other devices can detect the power, thus confirming that the channel is busy and preventing them from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts effectively reduces the probability of interference and conflicts caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also prevents A-IoT devices from interfering with the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices.

[0142] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by an A-IoT device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0143] Step 920: Uplink transmission is performed during the transmission time of the second part, which is contained in the first PPDU sent by the network device. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

[0144] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. This can be understood as the second part occupying some or all of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. Therefore, the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are less than or equal to those occupied by the first part.

[0145] In some embodiments, the first part is primarily for compatibility with legacy devices. Legacy devices can be wireless devices supporting existing 3GPP protocols, such as network device 110 and / or terminal device 120 shown in Figure 1. Legacy devices can also refer to conventional WLAN / Wi-Fi devices, i.e., wireless devices supporting existing 802.11 protocols, such as AP 130 and / or non-AP STA 140 shown in Figure 1. Legacy devices can also refer to devices supporting CSMA / CA mechanisms, and further, devices supporting OFDM modulation.

[0146] In some embodiments, the first part may also be referred to as the broadband part or the broadband signal.

[0147] The second part of the transmission time supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices. That is, within the duration of the second part, the network device supports one or more A-IoT devices sending uplink PPDUs. This can also be understood as the second part of the transmission time being available for uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices, or as the second part of the transmission time protecting the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices. Therefore, it can be considered that uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices exists within the second part of the transmission time. Of course, this application does not exclude the possibility that uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices does not exist within the second part of the transmission time. In other words, although the second part of the transmission time supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices, for some reason, such as the A-IoT device not receiving the PPDU used to trigger or schedule uplink transmission, or the A-IoT device having no transmission requirement, the A-IoT device does not perform uplink transmission within the second part of the transmission time.

[0148] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device can be achieved through multiplexing technology.

[0149] In some embodiments, the second part may also be referred to as a placeholder signal, a placeholder portion, a protection signal, or a protection portion.

[0150] In summary, the method provided in this application supports uplink transmission by A-IoT devices during the transmission time of the second part. Since other devices can detect the transmission power of the second part, even if the transmission power of the A-IoT device is low, other devices can still determine that the channel is busy by detecting the transmission power of the second part, preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Furthermore, the first PPDU including the second part also includes a first part compatible with traditional devices. Other devices can also determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part, preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoid interference from A-IoT devices to the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices.

[0151] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a third part in addition to the first and second parts. Step 820 can also be implemented as step 1020, as shown in FIG10. Optionally, the network device further performs step 1040.

[0152] Figure 10 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a network device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0153] Step 1020: Send the first PPDU, which includes a first part, a third part, and a second part; wherein, the second part supports uplink transmission for one or more A-IoT devices during its transmission time.

[0154] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the third part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part and the third part may be the same, different, or overlap.

[0155] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first part and the second part may also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0156] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first part is equal to the bandwidth of the third part. For example, the bandwidth of both the first part and the third part is 20MHz. Of course, the bandwidth of the first part and the second part may also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0157] In other words, this application supports both the first and third parts having the same bandwidth, and also supports the third part having a bandwidth less than the first part. When the bandwidth of the third part is less than the bandwidth of the first part, the first part can be considered a broadband portion or a broadband signal, and the third part can be considered a narrowband portion or a narrowband signal. When the first and third parts have the same bandwidth, there is no distinction between broadband and narrowband in the first and third parts.

[0158] (1) Introduction to Part One:

[0159] As mentioned earlier, the first part is mainly for compatibility with legacy equipment, so that legacy equipment can detect the first part and know that the channel is not idle, thereby avoiding the channel. Therefore, the first part can protect the channel, protect TXOP, protect the second part, and protect the third part, preventing legacy equipment from mistakenly believing that the channel is idle because it cannot detect the second and third parts, and attempting to access the channel during the transmission of the second and third parts, thus causing interference and collisions.

[0160] In this embodiment, the first part includes one or more of the following: a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG), a Binary Phase Shift Keying-Mark (BPSK Mark), and a Legacy Media Access Control (MAC) header. L-STF and L-LTF belong to the preamble section, and L-SIG belongs to the Physical Layer Header (PHY Header). The L-SIG field indicates the channel occupancy duration, allowing other devices receiving the L-SIG field to clearly understand that the channel is occupied within that duration, thus preventing interference and conflicts caused by other devices mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Optionally, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field is sufficient for one or more of the aforementioned A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission. Optionally, when multiple A-IoT devices are triggered or scheduled for uplink transmission, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field includes multiple uplink slots (UL Slots).

[0161] In some embodiments, due to the limitations of simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving the first part, or in other words, A-IoT devices do not receive the first part.

[0162] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) waveform.

[0163] (2) Related introduction to Part Three:

[0164] In this embodiment, the third part mainly carries information related to A-IoT communication, including at least one or more of the following: a synchronization sequence, a signal field (SIG), and a data portion. The synchronization sequence is used for synchronization of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-Synchronization (AMP-Sync), AMP IoT-Sync, A-IoT Sync, A-Sync, Ambient-Sync, or a first SYNC field. The signal field is used to indicate transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-SIG, AMP IoT-SIG, A-IoT SIG, A-SIG, Ambient-SIG, or a first SIG field. The data portion is used for data transmission of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP data (AMP-Data), AMP IoT-Data, A-IoT Data, A-Data, Ambient-Data, or a first Data field.

[0165] In some embodiments, the signal field indicates one or more of the following transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication: transmission duration, code rate, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), whether backscattering is present, payload, waveform, whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, modulation method, coding method, multiplexing method, and PPDU type.

[0166] For example, channel parameters include one or more of the following: channel location, channel number, number of channels, channel bandwidth, and channel center frequency. For example, coding methods include one or more of the following: Not Return to Zero (NRZ) coding, Manchester coding, Unipolar Return to Zero (URZ) coding, Differential Binary Phase (DBP) coding, Miller coding, Differential coding, Bi-Phase Space Coding (FM0), Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), Repetition coding, Polar Codes, Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC), Convolutional Codes, Bose-Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Codes (BCH), Turbo Codes, Reed Solomon Codes (RS), and Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. For example, multiplexing methods include one or more of the following: frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and code division multiplexing (CDM).

[0167] In some embodiments, the third part further includes a MAC header related to A-IoT communication, used to carry MAC layer parameters related to A-IoT communication. This MAC header may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-MAC header, AMP IoT-MAC header, A-IoT MAC header, A-MAC header, Ambient-MAC header, or first MAC header.

[0168] In some embodiments, the third part further includes a first field. The first field is used to trigger or schedule one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part. Optionally, if the first field included in the third part is used to trigger multiple A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the uplink PPDUs sent by the multiple A-IoT devices can adopt any of the following multiplexing methods: FDM, TDM, CDM.

[0169] In some embodiments, the third part follows the first part. Optionally, there is no time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, there is a time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to 9 microseconds (μs). Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to the Short Interframe Space (SIFS).

[0170] In some embodiments, the waveform of the third part is any one of the following: OOK waveform, multi-carrier OOK (MC-OOK) waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, phase shift keying (PSK) waveform, or ASK waveform.

[0171] In some embodiments, the third part may also be referred to as the narrowband portion or the narrowband signal.

[0172] (3) Related introduction to Part Two:

[0173] In some embodiments, the second part follows the third part. Optionally, there is no time interval between the third part and the second part, that is, the third part and the second part are sequential in time, i.e., the second part is transmitted immediately after the third part. Optionally, there is a time interval between the third part and the second part, that is, the third part and the second part are discontinuous in time. Optionally, the time interval between the second part and the third part is less than or equal to a first duration. Optionally, the first duration is defined by a communication protocol or configured by a network device. Exemplarily, the first duration is SIFS. Exemplarily, the first duration is 9 μs.

[0174] For example, taking a first part including L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and a third part including AMP-Sync, AMP-SIG, and AMP-Data, Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the format of a first PPDU provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The second part follows the third part. Referring to Figure 11(a), there is no time interval between the third part and the second part. Referring to Figure 11(b), there is a time interval between the third part and the second part.

[0175] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies the first frequency domain resources, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain cells. If the first frequency domain resource includes multiple frequency domain cells, the multiple frequency domain cells may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain. Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz. Optionally, the spacing between the center frequencies of two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz.

[0177] In this application, the frequency domain unit includes, for example, one or more of the following: carrier, subcarrier, subband, subchannel, physical resource block (PRB), bandwidth part (BWP), and at least one of other frequency domain units.

[0178] In some embodiments, the second portion is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth. For example, the second portion is located at the center frequency of the channel bandwidth. Alternatively, the second portion is located within the channel bandwidth near the center frequency. Optionally, a guard interval exists between the second portion and the edge of the channel bandwidth. For example, referring to FIG12(a), the second portion occupies one or more frequency domain units in the middle of the channel bandwidth.

[0179] In some embodiments, the second portion is located on one side of the channel bandwidth. For example, the second portion is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth. Alternatively, the second portion is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth. Optionally, a guard interval exists between the second portion and the edge of the channel bandwidth. For example, referring to FIG12(b), the second portion occupies one or more frequency domain cells on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth.

[0180] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies both the first and second portion of frequency domain resources. The first portion of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain cells, and the second portion of frequency domain resources also includes one or more frequency domain cells. Optionally, the number of frequency domain cells included in the first portion of frequency domain resources may be the same as or different from the number of frequency domain cells included in the second portion of frequency domain resources.

[0181] In some embodiments, the first portion of frequency domain resources is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the second portion of frequency domain resources is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth. Optionally, the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are respectively separated from the edge of the channel bandwidth by guard intervals. For example, referring to FIG13, the first portion of frequency domain resources occupied by the second portion includes one or more frequency domain cells on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the second portion of frequency domain resources occupied by the second portion includes one or more frequency domain cells on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth. In FIG13(a), there is no time interval between the second portion and the third portion, and in FIG13(b), there is a time interval between the second portion and the third portion. Of course, this application does not exclude the case where the first portion of frequency domain resources is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth and the second portion of frequency domain resources is located at the center frequency of the channel bandwidth; nor does it exclude the case where the first portion of frequency domain resources is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth and the second portion of frequency domain resources is located at the center frequency of the channel bandwidth; nor does it exclude the case where the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are located on the same side of the channel bandwidth.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources satisfy one or more of the following conditions: the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are symmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are asymmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have different bandwidths; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is the same as the number of frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is the same as the number of frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources. The frequency domain resources include different numbers of frequency domain units; the first part of the frequency domain resources includes multiple frequency domain units that are continuous in the frequency domain; the first part of the frequency domain resources includes multiple frequency domain units that are discontinuous in the frequency domain; the second part of the frequency domain resources includes multiple frequency domain units that are continuous in the frequency domain; the second part of the frequency domain resources includes multiple frequency domain units that are discontinuous in the frequency domain; there is a first guard interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; there is a second guard interval between the second part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; the frequency interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

[0183] For example, referring to Figure 14(a), the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth and are symmetrical based on the center frequency of the channel bandwidth. Referring to Figure 14(b), the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth and are asymmetrical based on the center frequency of the channel bandwidth.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first guard interval and the second guard interval may be the same or different. Assuming a first guard interval exists between the first portion of the frequency domain resources and the lower edge of the channel bandwidth, and a second guard interval exists between the second portion of the frequency domain resources and the upper edge of the channel bandwidth, referring to Figure 15(a), the first and second guard intervals are the same, for example, both consisting of 6 subcarriers. Referring to Figure 15(b), the first and second guard intervals are different.

[0185] In some embodiments, the first threshold is defined by a communication protocol or configured by a network device. Optionally, the first threshold is represented as X1 MHz (X1 > 0), or the first threshold is represented as the bandwidth corresponding to Y1 frequency domain units (Y1 > 0). For example, taking a frequency domain unit as a subcarrier, the first threshold represents Y1 subcarriers, which may have subcarrier spacing between them.

[0186] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the first part of the frequency domain resources can be any of the following: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signal, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signal (such as 16QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, etc.), random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, or random or pseudo-random sequence. Wherein, if the transmission of the second part on the first part of the frequency domain resources is a QAM signal, the QAM signal can be a signal with a fixed constellation point or a random signal.

[0187] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the second part of the frequency domain resources is any one of the following: a QPSK signal, a QAM signal, a random or pseudo-random signal, a ZC sequence, an m-sequence, a gold sequence, a walsh sequence, or a random or pseudo-random sequence. Wherein, if the transmission of the second part on the second part of the frequency domain resources is a QAM signal, the QAM signal can be a signal at a fixed constellation point or a random signal.

[0188] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources can be implemented as a sub-signal. That is, the transmission of the second part on the first part of the frequency domain resources is implemented as a first sub-signal, and the transmission of the second part of the frequency domain resources is implemented as a second sub-signal. The first sub-signal occupies one or more frequency domain units, that is, the first sub-signal is transmitted on one or more frequency domain units. The second sub-signal occupies one or more frequency domain units, that is, the second sub-signal is transmitted on one or more frequency domain units.

[0189] In some embodiments, when the first and second sub-signals use OFDM waveforms, each sub-signal may contain one or more OFDM subcarriers, and the bandwidth of one OFDM subcarrier is, for example, 312.5 kHz. When a sub-signal contains multiple OFDM subcarriers, the multiple OFDM subcarriers may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain. Due to the limitation of power spectral density (PSD) in the 2.4 GHz band, for example, PSD less than or equal to 10 dBm / MHz, in order to improve the maximum transmit power of each sub-signal: in one way, the subcarrier spacing among the multiple OFDM subcarriers occupied by each sub-signal can be set to be greater than or equal to 1 MHz, that is, the spacing between two adjacent OFDM subcarriers included in a sub-signal is greater than or equal to 1 MHz; in another way, the center frequency spacing between two adjacent OFDM subcarriers included in a sub-signal can be set to be greater than or equal to 1 MHz.

[0190] In some embodiments, the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources can be implemented as subcarrier clusters; that is, the first portion of frequency domain resources is implemented as a first subcarrier cluster, and the second portion of frequency domain resources is implemented as a second subcarrier cluster. A subcarrier cluster includes one or more subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers included in the first subcarrier cluster may be the same as or different from the number of subcarriers included in the second subcarrier cluster. Optionally, the multiple subcarriers included in a subcarrier cluster may be contiguous in the frequency domain, or the multiple subcarriers included in a subcarrier cluster may be discontinuous in the frequency domain. Optionally, a subcarrier cluster may also be referred to as a subcarrier group.

[0191] In some embodiments, the frequency spacing between the first subcarrier cluster and the second subcarrier cluster is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0192] In some embodiments, the second portion includes multiple subcarrier clusters, in which case the second portion can be considered to be distributed in a discrete pattern in the channel. A subcarrier cluster includes one or more subcarriers. The multiple subcarriers included in a subcarrier cluster may be continuous in the frequency domain, or the multiple subcarriers included in a subcarrier cluster may be discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0193] In some embodiments, the frequency spacing between two adjacent subcarrier clusters is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0194] For example, referring to Figure 16, the second part includes subcarrier cluster 1 and subcarrier cluster 2, which are located on opposite sides of the channel bandwidth. Subcarrier cluster 1 includes three subcarriers: #SC1, #SC2, and #SC3, which are consecutive in the frequency domain. Subcarrier cluster 2 includes three subcarriers: #SC4, #SC5, and #SC6, which are consecutive in the frequency domain.

[0195] Of course, this application does not exclude the possibility that the concept of a subcarrier cluster does not exist. The second part occupies two or more subcarriers, which are discretely distributed in the channel. Some of these subcarriers may be continuous in the frequency domain or discontinuous in the frequency domain. Furthermore, these subcarriers may be distributed on both sides of the channel bandwidth, on one side of the channel bandwidth, or in the middle of the channel bandwidth.

[0196] In some embodiments, the second part is either temporally continuous or temporally discontinuous. For example, the second part includes multiple temporally discontinuous signal segments, such as signal segments #S1, #S2, and #S3 in FIG17. FIG17 illustrates an example where there is no time interval between the second and third parts; however, in reality, there may be a time interval between the second and third parts, i.e., there may be a time interval between signal segment #S1 and the third part. Optionally, the transmission durations of different signal segments may be the same or different. Optionally, the time interval between two temporally adjacent signal segments may be less than or equal to the second duration. Optionally, the second duration is defined by a communication protocol or configured by a network device. Optionally, the second duration may be the same as or different from the first duration. For example, the second duration is SIFS. For example, the second duration is 9 μs.

[0197] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the third part.

[0198] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is determined based on the transmission power of the first part and / or the transmission power of the third part.

[0199] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other mathematical relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part is less than or equal to P1 dB, where P1 > 0.

[0200] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other data relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part is less than or equal to P2 dB, and P2 > 0.

[0201] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

[0202] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

[0203] In some embodiments, the network device sends a first PPDU to one or more A-IoT devices.

[0204] Step 1040: During the transmission time of the second part, receive uplink transmissions from one or more A-IoT devices.

[0205] The uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices occurs within the transmission time of the second part. That is, the start time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

[0206] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the second part with one or more A-IoT devices adopts FDM or CDM.

[0207] In some embodiments, uplink signals from multiple A-IoT devices are transmitted using FDM.

[0208] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth, or it is located on one side of the channel bandwidth. For example, the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located at the center frequency of the channel bandwidth. Alternatively, the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located near the center frequency of the channel bandwidth. Another example is that the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth. Yet another example is that the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth.

[0209] In some embodiments, the frequency interval between the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device and the second part is equal to or greater than the second threshold. Optionally, the second threshold is agreed upon by the communication protocol or configured by the network device. Optionally, the second threshold is represented as X2 MHz (X2 > 0), or the second threshold is represented as the bandwidth corresponding to Y2 frequency domain units (Y2 > 0). Optionally, the first threshold and the second threshold may be the same or different.

[0210] For example, referring to Figure 18, the second part includes a first part of frequency domain resources and a second part of frequency domain resources. During the transmission time of the second part, there is an uplink transmission of an A-IoT device, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located in the middle part of the channel bandwidth. The frequency interval 1 between the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device and the first part of the frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a second threshold, and the frequency interval 2 between the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device and the second part of the frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than the second threshold.

[0211] Figure 19 shows the simulation results of the A-IoT communication method shown in Figure 18. It can be seen that the energy leaked into the middle of the channel from the first and second frequency domain resources located on either side of the channel bandwidth is very small. Therefore, although the aforementioned duplex problem exists when the network device receives the uplink transmission from the A-IoT device, the network device can still correctly receive the uplink transmission from the A-IoT device as long as a reasonable guard band is reserved. Optionally, to further ensure the uplink transmission quality of the A-IoT device, certain interference cancellation methods can be adopted, such as channel estimation and signal reconstruction. This application does not limit the specific interference cancellation methods.

[0212] In some embodiments, the second portion is located on one side of the channel bandwidth, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located on the other side of the channel bandwidth. For example, the second portion is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth, as exemplarily shown in FIG20. Alternatively, the second portion is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth.

[0213] In some embodiments, the second portion is located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth. Alternatively, the second portion is located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth, and the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth.

[0214] In some embodiments, the uplink transmissions of both the second part and the A-IoT device are located on the higher frequency side of the channel bandwidth. Alternatively, the uplink transmissions of both the second part and the A-IoT device are located on the lower frequency side of the channel bandwidth.

[0215] In some embodiments, uplink transmission of A-IoT devices is based on triggering or scheduling by a third part.

[0216] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is performed autonomously by the A-IoT device, without the need for triggering or scheduling based on a third party.

[0217] In some embodiments, the transmission parameters used for uplink transmission by the A-IoT device are indicated by the signal field in the third part.

[0218] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device is performed by the A-IoT device using an active transmission method, or by the A-IoT device using a backscatter method. If the A-IoT device uses a backscatter method for uplink transmission, an external carrier is required. For example, a network device can provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device. Alternatively, other devices can provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device. Furthermore, the first PPDU may also include a carrier provided for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device.

[0219] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device performs time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization based on the synchronization sequence included in the third part before performing uplink transmission.

[0220] The network devices in this application embodiment can refer to network device 110 and / or AP 130 shown in FIG1.

[0221] In summary, the method provided in this application supports network devices sending a first PPDU to protect the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices. On one hand, other devices can clearly determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part of the first PPDU, preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. On the other hand, during the transmission time of the second part of the first PPDU, other devices can detect the power, thereby clearly determining that the channel is busy and preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also prevent A-IoT devices from interfering with the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial to the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. In addition, the third part of the first PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, which helps one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability.

[0222] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first part, a second part, and a third part. Step 920 can also be implemented as step 2120, as shown in FIG21.

[0223] Figure 21 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by an A-IoT device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0224] Step 2120: Perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, which is contained in the first PPDU sent by the network device. The first PPDU includes a first part, a third part, and a second part.

[0225] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the third part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part and the third part may be the same, different, or overlap.

[0226] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the second part, and the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first part and the second part may also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0227] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first part is equal to the bandwidth of the third part. For example, the bandwidth of both the first part and the third part is 20MHz. Of course, the bandwidth of the first part and the second part may also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0228] The relevant content for Part 1 and Part 3 can be found in step 1020, and will not be repeated here. It should be emphasized that, due to its simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving Part 1, or in other words, A-IoT devices do not receive Part 1. Optionally, A-IoT devices support receiving Part 3 and / or Part 2.

[0229] The relevant content in Part Two can be found in step 1040, and will not be repeated here.

[0230] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmissions based on triggering or scheduling by a third part.

[0231] In some embodiments, A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission autonomously without the need for triggering or scheduling based on a third party.

[0232] In some embodiments, the transmission parameters used for uplink transmissions of one or more A-IoT devices are indicated by the signal field in the third part.

[0233] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using an active transmission method, or one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method. If the A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method, an external carrier is required. For example, a network device may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Alternatively, other devices may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the first PPDU may also include a carrier provided for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices.

[0234] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device performs time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization based on the synchronization sequence included in the third part before performing uplink transmission.

[0235] In summary, the method provided in this application supports uplink transmission by A-IoT devices during the transmission time of the second part. Since other devices can detect the transmission power of the second part, even if the transmission power of the A-IoT device is low, other devices can still determine that the channel is busy by detecting the transmission power of the second part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Furthermore, the first PPDU including the second part also includes a first part compatible with traditional devices. Other devices can also determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoid interference caused by A-IoT devices to the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial to the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. In addition, the third part included in the first PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, helping one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability.

[0236] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first part and a second part, and the first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. Step 820 can also be implemented as step 2240, as shown in FIG22. Optionally, the network device also performs steps 2220 and / or step 2260.

[0237] Figure 22 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a network device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0238] Step 2220: Send the second PPDU, which includes the first part and the third part.

[0239] Within the second PPDU, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the third part. Alternatively, the frequency domain resources occupied by the third part can be considered a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz, and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first and second parts could also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0240] In this embodiment, the first part is primarily for compatibility with traditional devices. In this embodiment, the first part includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, BPSK Mark, and a traditional MAC header. L-STF and L-LTF belong to the preamble portion, and L-SIG belongs to the compatible PHY Header. The L-SIG field indicates the channel occupancy duration, allowing other devices receiving the L-SIG field to clearly understand that the channel is occupied within that duration, thus preventing interference and conflicts caused by other devices mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Optionally, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field is sufficient for one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission. Optionally, when multiple A-IoT devices are triggered or scheduled for uplink transmission, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field includes multiple uplink time slots (UL Slots).

[0241] In some embodiments, the first portion further includes a second field for triggering, scheduling, or instructing the transmission of the first PPDU. For example, a second network device transmits a second PPDU, and the second field included in the first portion of the second PPDU is used to trigger, schedule, or instruct the first network device to transmit the first PPDU.

[0242] In some embodiments, the second field may be implemented as a SIG field. Alternatively, the second field may be implemented as a new indicator field, for example, the second field following the preamble and preceding the SIG field, or the second field following the SIG field.

[0243] In some embodiments, due to the limitations of simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving the first part, or in other words, A-IoT devices do not receive the first part.

[0244] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, DSSS waveform.

[0245] In this embodiment, the third part mainly carries information related to A-IoT communication, including at least one or more of the following: a synchronization sequence, a signal field, a data portion, and a MAC header. The synchronization sequence is used for synchronization of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-Sync, AMP IoT-Sync, A-IoT Sync, A-Sync, Ambient-Sync, or a first SYNC field. The signal field is used to indicate transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-SIG, AMP IoT-SIG, A-IoT SIG, A-SIG, Ambient-SIG, or a first SIG field. The data portion is used for data transmission of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-Data, AMP IoT-Data, A-IoT Data, A-Data, Ambient-Data, or a first Data field. The MAC header is used to carry MAC layer parameters related to A-IoT communication. The MAC header may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-MAC header, AMP IoT-MAC header, A-IoT MAC header, A-MAC header, Ambient-MAC header, or a first MAC header.

[0246] In some embodiments, the signal field indicates one or more of the following transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication: transmission duration, code rate, MCS, whether backscattering is present, payload, waveform, whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, modulation scheme, coding scheme, multiplexing scheme, and PPDU type.

[0247] In some embodiments, the third part further includes a first field. The first field is used to trigger or schedule one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part. Optionally, if the first field included in the third part is used to trigger multiple A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the uplink PPDUs sent by the multiple A-IoT devices can adopt any of the following multiplexing methods: FDM, TDM, CDM.

[0248] In some embodiments, the third portion further includes a second field for triggering, scheduling, or instructing the transmission of the first PPDU. For example, a second network device transmits a second PPDU, and the second field included in the third portion of the second PPDU is used to trigger, schedule, or instruct the first network device to transmit the first PPDU.

[0249] In some embodiments, the second field may be implemented as a SIG field. Alternatively, the second field may be implemented as a new indicator field, for example, the second field following the preamble and preceding the SIG field, or the second field following the SIG field.

[0250] In some embodiments, the third part follows the first part. Optionally, there is no time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, there is a time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to 9 μs. Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to SIFS.

[0251] In some embodiments, the waveform of the third part is any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform.

[0252] In some embodiments, the third part may also be referred to as the narrowband portion or the narrowband signal.

[0253] For other relevant content in Part 1 and Part 3, please refer to step 1020; it will not be repeated here.

[0254] Step 2240: Send the first PPDU, which includes a first part and a second part. The transmission time of the second part supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices.

[0255] Within the first PPDU, the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. Therefore, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the second part.

[0256] In some embodiments, in the first PPDU, the second part follows the first part. Optionally, there is no time interval between the first and second parts, that is, the first and second parts are sequential in time, i.e., the second part is transmitted immediately after the first part. Optionally, there is a time interval between the first and second parts, that is, the first and second parts are discontinuous in time. Optionally, the time interval between the second and first parts is less than or equal to a first duration. Optionally, the first duration is defined by a communication protocol or configured by a network device. Exemplarily, the first duration is SIFS. Exemplarily, the first duration is 9 μs.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. There may be a time interval between the first PPDU and the second PPDU, or there may be no time interval. Optionally, the time interval between the first PPDU and the second PPDU is less than or equal to a third duration. Optionally, the third duration is agreed upon by the communication protocol or configured by the network device. Optionally, the third duration may be the same as or different from the first duration.

[0258] Referring to Figure 23, there is a time interval between the first PPDU and the second PPDU in Figure 23(a), and there is no time interval between the first PPDU and the second PPDU in Figure 23(b).

[0259] In some embodiments, the transmission of the first PPDU is scheduled or triggered by the second PPDU.

[0260] In some embodiments, the sender of the first PPDU is different from the sender of the second PPDU. For example, the first PPDU is sent by a first network device, and the second PPDU is sent by a second network device.

[0261] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes a first part and a third part, the third part including a second field, which is used to schedule or trigger other devices to send the first PPDU. For example, referring to FIG24, the second network device 2402 first sends the second PPDU. The second field included in the second PPDU is used to schedule or trigger the first network device 2401 to send the first PPDU to one or more A-IoT devices 2403. Based on the scheduling or triggering of the second field, the first network device 2401 sends the first PPDU after the second PPDU.

[0262] In some embodiments, the first network device sends a first PPDU after detecting a second PPDU sent by the second network device.

[0263] In some embodiments, the sender of the first PPDU is the same as the sender of the second PPDU. For example, a network device sends the second PPDU first, then sends the first PPDU, with or without a time interval between the first and second PPDUs.

[0264] It is important to emphasize that the first part of the first PPDU may be the same as or different from the first part of the second PPDU. For example, the first part of the second PPDU may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, BPSK Mark, and any one or more of the traditional MAC header, as well as a second field. This second field is used to trigger, schedule, or indicate the transmission of the first PPDU. The first part of the first PPDU may only include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, BPSK Mark, and any one or more of the traditional MAC header, but may not include the second field.

[0265] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies the first frequency domain resources, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0266] In some embodiments, the first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain cells. If the first frequency domain resource includes multiple frequency domain cells, the multiple frequency domain cells may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain. Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz. Optionally, the spacing between the center frequencies of two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz.

[0267] In some embodiments, the second portion is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth or on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0268] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies both the first and second portion of frequency domain resources. The first portion of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain cells, and the second portion of frequency domain resources also includes one or more frequency domain cells. Optionally, the number of frequency domain cells included in the first portion of frequency domain resources may be the same as or different from the number of frequency domain cells included in the second portion of frequency domain resources.

[0269] In some embodiments, the second portion is either temporally continuous or temporally discontinuous.

[0270] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the third part.

[0271] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is determined based on the transmission power of the first part and / or the transmission power of the third part.

[0272] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other mathematical relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part is less than or equal to P1 dB, where P1 > 0.

[0273] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other data relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part is less than or equal to P2 dB, and P2 > 0.

[0274] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

[0275] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

[0276] For other relevant content in Part Two, please refer to step 1020; it will not be repeated here.

[0277] In some embodiments, the network device sends a first PPDU to one or more A-IoT devices.

[0278] Step 2260: During the transmission time of the second part, receive uplink transmissions from one or more A-IoT devices.

[0279] The uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices occurs within the transmission time of the second part. That is, the start time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

[0280] For details regarding the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, please refer to step 1040; further details will not be provided here.

[0281] The network devices in this application embodiment can refer to network device 110 and / or AP 130 shown in FIG1.

[0282] In summary, the method provided in this application supports network devices sending a first PPDU to protect the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices. On one hand, other devices can clearly determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part of the first PPDU and the second PPDU, avoiding other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. On the other hand, during the transmission time of the second part of the first PPDU, other devices can detect the power, thereby clearly determining that the channel is busy, avoiding other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of other devices interfering with and conflicting with the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoid A-IoT devices interfering with the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial to the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Furthermore, the third part of the second PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, helping one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability. In addition, the transmission of the first PPDU can also be scheduled or triggered by the second PPDU, making the transmission of the first PPDU more flexible.

[0283] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first part and a second part, and the first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. Step 920 can also be implemented as step 2520, as shown in FIG25.

[0284] Figure 25 shows a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by an A-IoT device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0285] Step 2520: Perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, which is included in the first PPDU sent by the network device. The first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part, and the second PPDU includes the first part and the third part.

[0286] Within the first PPDU, the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. Therefore, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the second part. For details regarding the first PPDU, please refer to step 2240; further explanation is omitted here.

[0287] Within the second PPDU, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the third part. Alternatively, the frequency domain resources occupied by the third part can be considered a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz, and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first and second parts can also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc. For details regarding the second PPDU, please refer to step 2220; further explanation is omitted here.

[0288] In some embodiments, the first PPDU is sent autonomously by the network device, or triggered or scheduled based on the second PPDU. The first PPDU and the second PPDU can be sent by the same network device or by different network devices.

[0289] It should be emphasized that, due to its simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving the first portion included in the first PPDU and the first portion included in the second PPDU. Optionally, A-IoT devices support receiving the third portion included in the second PPDU and / or the second portion included in the first PPDU.

[0290] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmissions based on triggering or scheduling by a third part.

[0291] In some embodiments, A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission autonomously without the need for triggering or scheduling based on a third party.

[0292] In some embodiments, the transmission parameters used for uplink transmissions of one or more A-IoT devices are indicated by the signal field in the third part.

[0293] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using an active transmission method, or one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method. If the A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method, an external carrier is required. For example, a network device may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Alternatively, other devices may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the first PPDU may also include a carrier provided for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices.

[0294] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device performs time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization based on the synchronization sequence included in the third part before performing uplink transmission.

[0295] In summary, the method provided in this application supports uplink transmission by A-IoT devices during the transmission time of the second part. Since other devices can detect the transmission power of the second part, even if the transmission power of the A-IoT device is low, other devices can still determine that the channel is busy by detecting the transmission power of the second part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Furthermore, the first and second PPDUs also include a first part compatible with traditional devices. Other devices can also determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoid interference caused by A-IoT devices to the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Moreover, the third part included in the second PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, helping one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability. In addition, the transmission of the first PPDU can also be scheduled or triggered by the second PPDU, making the transmission of the first PPDU more flexible.

[0296] In the embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 25 above, regardless of whether the first PPDU is sent autonomously by the network device or triggered or scheduled based on the second PPDU, there are other parts before the second part, such as the first part, or the first part and the third part. That is to say, the second part in the embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 25 is not sent alone.

[0297] This application does not exclude the possibility of the network device transmitting the second part separately, as shown in the embodiments in Figures 26 to 29.

[0298] Figure 26 illustrates a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a network device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0299] Step 2620: Send the second part, which is sent after the second PPDU; wherein the second PPDU includes the first part and the third part, and the transmission time of the second part supports uplink transmission by one or more A-IoT devices.

[0300] Within the second PPDU, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the third part. Alternatively, the frequency domain resources occupied by the third part can be considered a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz, and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first and second parts could also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc.

[0301] In some embodiments, the first portion may be referred to as the broadband portion or the broadband signal. The third portion may be referred to as the narrowband portion or the narrowband signal.

[0302] In some embodiments, the second part may also be referred to as a placeholder signal, a placeholder portion, a protection signal, or a protection portion.

[0303] In this embodiment, the first part is primarily for compatibility with traditional devices. In this embodiment, the first part includes one or more of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, BPSK Mark, and a traditional MAC header. L-STF and L-LTF belong to the preamble portion, and L-SIG belongs to the compatible PHY Header. The L-SIG field indicates the channel occupancy duration, allowing other devices receiving the L-SIG field to clearly understand that the channel is occupied within that duration, thus preventing interference and conflicts caused by other devices mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Optionally, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field is sufficient for one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission. Optionally, when multiple A-IoT devices are triggered or scheduled for uplink transmission, the channel occupancy duration indicated by the L-SIG field includes multiple uplink time slots (UL Slots).

[0304] In some embodiments, the first portion further includes a second field for triggering, scheduling, or instructing the transmission of the second portion. For example, a second network device transmits a second PPDU, and the second field included in the first portion of the second PPDU is used to trigger, schedule, or instruct the first network device to transmit the second portion.

[0305] In some embodiments, the second field may be implemented as a SIG field. Alternatively, the second field may be implemented as a new indicator field, for example, the second field following the preamble and preceding the SIG field, or the second field following the SIG field.

[0306] In some embodiments, due to the limitations of simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving the first part, or in other words, A-IoT devices do not receive the first part.

[0307] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, DSSS waveform.

[0308] In this embodiment, the third part mainly carries information related to A-IoT communication, including at least one or more of the following: a synchronization sequence, a signal field, a data portion, and a MAC header. The synchronization sequence is used for synchronization of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-Sync, AMP IoT-Sync, A-IoT Sync, A-Sync, Ambient-Sync, or a first SYNC field. The signal field is used to indicate transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-SIG, AMP IoT-SIG, A-IoT SIG, A-SIG, Ambient-SIG, or a first SIG field. The data portion is used for data transmission of the A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-Data, AMP IoT-Data, A-IoT Data, A-Data, Ambient-Data, or a first Data field. The MAC header is used to carry MAC layer parameters related to A-IoT communication. The MAC header may also be referred to as one or more of the following: AMP-MAC header, AMP IoT-MAC header, A-IoT MAC header, A-MAC header, Ambient-MAC header, or a first MAC header.

[0309] In some embodiments, the signal field indicates one or more of the following transmission parameters related to A-IoT communication: transmission duration, code rate, MCS, whether backscattering is present, payload, waveform, whether the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, the number of times the data portion is repeatedly transmitted, channel parameters, modulation scheme, coding scheme, multiplexing scheme, and PPDU type.

[0310] In some embodiments, the third part further includes a first field. The first field is used to trigger or schedule one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part. Optionally, if the first field included in the third part is used to trigger multiple A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the uplink PPDUs sent by the multiple A-IoT devices can adopt any of the following multiplexing methods: FDM, TDM, CDM.

[0311] In some embodiments, the third portion further includes a second field for triggering, scheduling, or instructing the transmission of the second portion. For example, a second network device transmits a second PPDU, and the second field included in the third portion of the second PPDU is used to trigger, schedule, or instruct the first network device to transmit the second portion.

[0312] In some embodiments, the third part follows the first part. Optionally, there is no time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, there is a time interval between the third part and the first part. Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to 9 μs. Optionally, the time interval between the third part and the first part is less than or equal to SIFS.

[0313] In some embodiments, the waveform of the third part is any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform.

[0314] In some embodiments, the third part may also be referred to as the narrowband portion or the narrowband signal.

[0315] For other relevant content in Part 1 and Part 3, please refer to step 1020; it will not be repeated here.

[0316] The second part follows the second PPDU. Optionally, there is no time interval between the second PPDU and the second part, meaning they are sequential in time, with the second part transmitted immediately after the second PPDU. Optionally, there is a time interval between the second PPDU and the second part, meaning they are discontinuous in time. Optionally, the time interval between the second part and the second PPDU is less than or equal to a first duration. Optionally, the first duration is defined by a communication protocol or configured by the network device. For example, the first duration is SIFS. For example, the first duration is 9 μs.

[0317] Referring to Figure 27, there is a time interval between the second PPDU and the second part in Figure 27(a), and there is no time interval between the second PPDU and the second part in Figure 27(b).

[0318] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part is scheduled or triggered by a second PPDU.

[0319] In some embodiments, the sender of the second portion is different from the sender of the second PPDU. For example, the second portion is sent by the first network device, and the second PPDU is sent by the second network device.

[0320] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes a first part and a third part, the third part including a second field, which is used to schedule or trigger other devices to send the second part. For example, referring to FIG28, the second network device 2802 first sends the second PPDU, the second field included in the second PPDU being used to schedule or trigger the first network device 2801 to send the second part to one or more A-IoT devices 2803. Based on the scheduling or triggering of the second field, the first network device 2801 sends the second part after the second PPDU.

[0321] In some embodiments, the first network device sends a second portion after detecting a second PPDU sent by the second network device.

[0322] In some embodiments, the sender of the second part is the same as the sender of the second PPDU. For example, a network device sends the second PPDU first, then sends the second part, with or without a time interval between the two PPDUs.

[0323] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. Therefore, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the second part.

[0324] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies the first frequency domain resources, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0325] In some embodiments, the first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain cells. If the first frequency domain resource includes multiple frequency domain cells, the multiple frequency domain cells may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain. Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz. Optionally, the spacing between the center frequencies of two adjacent frequency domain cells occupied by the second portion is greater than or equal to 1 MHz.

[0326] In some embodiments, the second portion is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth or on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0327] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies both the first and second portion of frequency domain resources. The first portion of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain cells, and the second portion of frequency domain resources also includes one or more frequency domain cells. Optionally, the number of frequency domain cells included in the first portion of frequency domain resources may be the same as or different from the number of frequency domain cells included in the second portion of frequency domain resources.

[0328] In some embodiments, the second portion is either temporally continuous or temporally discontinuous.

[0329] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the third part.

[0330] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is determined based on the transmission power of the first part and / or the transmission power of the third part.

[0331] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other mathematical relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the first part is less than or equal to P1 dB, where P1 > 0.

[0332] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies the relationship between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part, such as a ratio, difference, sum, modulo result, or other data relationship. For example, the difference between the transmission power of the second part and the transmission power of the third part is less than or equal to P2 dB, and P2 > 0.

[0333] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

[0334] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

[0335] For other relevant content in Part Two, please refer to step 1020; it will not be repeated here.

[0336] In some embodiments, the network device sends a second portion to one or more A-IoT devices.

[0337] Step 2640: During the transmission time of the second part, receive uplink transmissions from one or more A-IoT devices.

[0338] The uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices occurs within the transmission time of the second part. That is, the start time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

[0339] For details regarding the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, please refer to step 1040; further details will not be provided here.

[0340] The network devices in this application embodiment can refer to network device 110 and / or AP 130 shown in FIG1.

[0341] In summary, the method provided in this application supports network devices sending a second part to protect the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices. During the transmission time of the second part, other devices can detect the power, thus confirming that the channel is busy and preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Furthermore, before the transmission of the second part, the first part of the second PPDU can be received by other devices, facilitating their confirmation that the channel is busy and preventing them from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the second PPDU and the second part effectively reduces the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoids interference from A-IoT devices to the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Moreover, the third part of the second PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, enabling one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability. Additionally, the transmission of the second part can also be scheduled or triggered by the second PPDU, making the transmission of the second part more flexible.

[0342] Figure 29 illustrates a flowchart of an A-IoT communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method is executed by an A-IoT device and includes at least some of the following steps:

[0343] Step 2920: Uplink transmission is performed during the transmission time of the second part. The second part is sent after the second PPDU, which includes the first part and the third part.

[0344] The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of those occupied by the first part. Therefore, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the second part. For details regarding the second part, please refer to step 2240; further explanation is omitted here.

[0345] In some embodiments, the second part may also be referred to as a placeholder signal, a placeholder portion, a protection signal, or a protection portion.

[0346] Within the second PPDU, the bandwidth of the first part is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the third part. Alternatively, the frequency domain resources occupied by the third part can be considered a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. For example, the bandwidth of the first part is 20MHz, and the bandwidth of the third part is 4MHz. Of course, the bandwidths of the first and second parts can also be other sizes, such as 40MHz, 80MHz, or even 160MHz, 320MHz, etc. For details regarding the second PPDU, please refer to steps 2220 and 2620, which will not be repeated here.

[0347] It should be emphasized that, due to its simple structure and low complexity, A-IoT devices have difficulty receiving the first part of the second PPDU. Optionally, A-IoT devices support receiving the third part of the second PPDU.

[0348] In some embodiments, the first part may also be referred to as a broadband portion or a broadband signal. The third part may also be referred to as a narrowband portion or a narrowband signal.

[0349] In some embodiments, the second part is sent autonomously by the network device, or it is sent based on the triggering or scheduling of the second PPDU. The second part and the second PPDU can be sent by the same network device or by different network devices.

[0350] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmissions based on triggering or scheduling by a third part.

[0351] In some embodiments, A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission autonomously without the need for triggering or scheduling based on a third party.

[0352] In some embodiments, the transmission parameters used for uplink transmissions of one or more A-IoT devices are indicated by the signal field in the third part.

[0353] In some embodiments, one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using an active transmission method, or one or more A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method. If the A-IoT devices perform uplink transmission using a backscatter method, an external carrier is required. For example, a network device may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Alternatively, other devices may provide the carrier for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the first PPDU may also include a carrier provided for the uplink transmission of the A-IoT devices.

[0354] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device performs time-domain synchronization and / or frequency-domain synchronization based on the synchronization sequence included in the third part before performing uplink transmission.

[0355] In summary, the method provided in this application supports uplink transmission by A-IoT devices during the transmission time of the second part. Since other devices can detect the transmission power of the second part, even if the transmission power of the A-IoT device is low, other devices can still determine that the channel is busy by detecting the transmission power of the second part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Furthermore, the second PPDU also includes a first part compatible with traditional devices; other devices can also determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part, avoiding situations where other devices mistakenly believe the channel is idle and attempt to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflicts caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and also avoid interference from A-IoT devices to the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Moreover, the third part included in the second PPDU can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, helping one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability. In addition, the transmission of the second part can also be scheduled or triggered by the second PPDU, making the transmission of the second part more flexible.

[0356] Figure 30 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This device can be implemented as a network device as described above, or as part of a network device as described above. The device supports the 802.11 protocol. The device includes a transmitting module 3010. Optionally, the device further includes a processing module 3030 and / or a receiving module 3050.

[0357] The transmitting module 3010 is used to transmit a first PPDU, the first PPDU including a first part and a second part, wherein the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part; wherein, the transmission time of the second part supports uplink transmission of one or more A-IoT devices.

[0358] In some embodiments, the second part is located after the first part; there is a time interval between the second part and the first part, the time interval being less than or equal to a first duration; or, there is no time interval between the second part and the first part.

[0359] In some embodiments, the first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU, and the first PPDU and the second PPDU are sent by different network devices, or the second PPDU and the first PPDU are sent by the same network device.

[0360] In some embodiments, the sending module 3010 also sends the second PPDU before sending the first PPDU.

[0361] In some embodiments, the transmission of the first PPDU is triggered or scheduled by the second PPDU.

[0362] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes the first portion and the third portion, wherein the bandwidth of the first portion is greater than the bandwidth of the third portion.

[0363] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first portion, a third portion, and a second portion; the bandwidth of the first portion is greater than the bandwidth of the third portion.

[0364] In some embodiments, the second part is located after the third part; there is a time interval between the second part and the third part, the time interval being less than or equal to a first duration; or, there is no time interval between the second part and the third part.

[0365] In some embodiments, the third part includes a first domain, which is used to trigger or schedule the one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part.

[0366] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies a first frequency domain resource, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0367] In some embodiments, the first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain units, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0368] In some embodiments, the second portion is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth, or the second portion is located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0369] In some embodiments, a guard interval exists between the second portion and the edge of the channel bandwidth.

[0370] In some embodiments, the second part occupies a first part of frequency domain resources and a second part of frequency domain resources, wherein the first part of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units, and the second part of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units.

[0371] In some embodiments, the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources satisfy one or more of the following conditions: the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are symmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are asymmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have different bandwidths; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is the same as the number of frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is... The number of frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources differs from that in the second part of the frequency domain resources; the multiple frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the second part of the frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the second part of the frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; there is a first guard interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; there is a second guard interval between the second part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; the frequency interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

[0372] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the frequency domain resources of the first part is any one of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

[0373] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the second part frequency domain resources is any one of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

[0374] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the third part.

[0375] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second portion is determined based on the transmission power of the first portion and / or the transmission power of the third portion.

[0376] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

[0377] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform or DSSS waveform.

[0378] In some embodiments, the waveform of the third part is any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform.

[0379] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

[0380] In some embodiments, the second portion is either continuous in time or discontinuous in time.

[0381] In some embodiments, the second portion includes a plurality of time-discontinuous signal segments, wherein the time interval between two temporally adjacent signal segments is less than or equal to a second duration.

[0382] In some embodiments, the start time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

[0383] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission between the second part and the one or more A-IoT devices is performed using FDM or CDM.

[0384] In some embodiments, the uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth, or the uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0385] In some embodiments, the frequency interval between the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices and the second part is equal to or greater than a second threshold.

[0386] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the plurality of A-IoT devices adopts the FDM method.

[0387] In some embodiments, the sending module 3010 is used to send a second part, which is sent after the second PPDU.

[0388] In some embodiments, the second portion and the second PPDU are sent by different network devices, or the second PPDU and the second portion are sent by the same network device.

[0389] In some embodiments, the sending module 3010 also sends the second PPDU before sending the second part.

[0390] In some embodiments, the sending module 3010 is used to perform one or more of the following steps: step 820, step 1020, step 2220, step 2240, and step 2620.

[0391] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3050 is configured to receive uplink transmissions from one or more A-IoT devices during the transmission time of the second part.

[0392] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3050 is used to receive a second PPDU.

[0393] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3050 is configured to perform one or more of the following steps: step 1040, step 2260, and step 2640.

[0394] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to determine whether to send the first PPDU.

[0395] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to determine whether to send the third part.

[0396] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to determine the transmission power of the second part.

[0397] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to determine the frequency domain resources of the second portion.

[0398] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to determine the transmission duration of the second part.

[0399] In some embodiments, the processing module 3030 is used to perform operations such as detection, judgment, determination, and processing related to A-IoT communication.

[0400] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports protecting the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices by sending a PPDU including the second part or by sending the second part itself. This prevents other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it, thus avoiding collisions and interference. Furthermore, sending the first part can clearly inform other devices that the channel is busy, effectively reducing the probability of interference and collisions caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of A-IoT devices, and preventing A-IoT devices from interfering with the transmission of other devices. This is beneficial for the compatibility and coexistence of A-IoT devices with other devices. Additionally, sending the third part can also be used to schedule or trigger the uplink transmission of A-IoT devices, enabling one or more A-IoT devices to perform flexible uplink transmission based on the flexible scheduling of the third part, improving communication efficiency and transmission reliability.

[0401] Figure 31 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This device can be implemented as an A-IoT device as described above, or as part of an A-IoT device as described above. Optionally, the device supports the 802.11 protocol. The device includes a transmitting module 3110. Optionally, the device also includes a processing module 3130 and / or a receiving module 3150.

[0402] The transmitting module 3110 is used to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the second part being included in the first PPDU transmitted by the network device, the first PPDU including the first part and the second part, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part being a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

[0403] In some embodiments, the second part is located after the first part; there is a time interval between the second part and the first part, the time interval being less than or equal to a first duration; or, there is no time interval between the second part and the first part.

[0404] In some embodiments, the first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU, and the first PPDU and the second PPDU are sent by different network devices, or the second PPDU and the first PPDU are sent by the same network device.

[0405] In some embodiments, the transmission of the first PPDU is triggered or scheduled by the second PPDU.

[0406] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3150 is configured to receive the second portion included in the first PPDU.

[0407] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes the first portion and the third portion, wherein the bandwidth of the first portion is greater than the bandwidth of the third portion.

[0408] In some embodiments, the sending module 3110 is used to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the second part being sent by the network device after the second PPDU.

[0409] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3150 is configured to receive the third portion included in the second PPDU.

[0410] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first portion, a third portion, and a second portion; the bandwidth of the first portion is greater than the bandwidth of the third portion.

[0411] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3150 is configured to receive the third portion and the second portion included in the first PPDU.

[0412] In some embodiments, the second part is located after the third part; there is a time interval between the second part and the third part, the time interval being less than or equal to a first duration; or, there is no time interval between the second part and the third part.

[0413] In some embodiments, the third portion includes a first domain for triggering or scheduling the one or more of the devices to perform uplink transmissions during the transmission time of the second portion.

[0414] In some embodiments, the second portion occupies a first frequency domain resource, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0415] In some embodiments, the first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain units, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0416] In some embodiments, the second portion is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth, or the second portion is located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0417] In some embodiments, a guard interval exists between the second portion and the edge of the channel bandwidth.

[0418] In some embodiments, the second part occupies a first part of frequency domain resources and a second part of frequency domain resources, wherein the first part of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units, and the second part of frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units.

[0419] In some embodiments, the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources satisfy one or more of the following conditions: the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are symmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are asymmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have different bandwidths; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is the same as the number of frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources; the number of frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources is... The number of frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources differs from that in the second part of the frequency domain resources; the multiple frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the first part of the frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the second part of the frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; the multiple frequency domain units included in the second part of the frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; there is a first guard interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; there is a second guard interval between the second part of the frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; the frequency interval between the first part of the frequency domain resources and the second part of the frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

[0420] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the frequency domain resources of the first part is any one of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

[0421] In some embodiments, the transmission of the second part on the second part frequency domain resources is any one of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

[0422] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as the transmission power of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from the transmission power of the third part.

[0423] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the second portion is determined based on the transmission power of the first portion and / or the transmission power of the third portion.

[0424] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

[0425] In some embodiments, the waveform of the first part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform or DSSS waveform.

[0426] In some embodiments, the waveform of the third part is any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform.

[0427] In some embodiments, the waveform of the second part is any one of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

[0428] In some embodiments, the second portion is either continuous in time or discontinuous in time.

[0429] In some embodiments, the second portion includes a plurality of time-discontinuous signal segments, wherein the time interval between two temporally adjacent signal segments is less than or equal to a second duration.

[0430] In some embodiments, the start time of uplink transmission of one or more of the devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of uplink transmission of one or more of the devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

[0431] In some embodiments, the second part is transmitted uplink to one or more of the devices in an FDM or CDM manner.

[0432] In some embodiments, the uplink transmissions of one or more of the devices are located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth, or the uplink transmissions of one or more of the devices are located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

[0433] In some embodiments, the frequency interval between the uplink transmission of one or more of the devices and the second portion is equal to or greater than a second threshold.

[0434] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission of the plurality of devices employs FDM.

[0435] In some embodiments, the sending module 3110 is configured to perform one or more of the following steps: step 920, step 2120, step 2520, and step 2920.

[0436] In some embodiments, the processing module 3130 is used to collect ambient energy. For example, the processing module 3130 is used to acquire energy based on an energy supply signal, and / or to store energy based on the energy supply signal.

[0437] In some embodiments, the energy used by the transmitting module 3110 and / or the receiving module 3150 is the energy collected and / or stored by the processing module 3130.

[0438] In some embodiments, the processing module 3130 is configured to determine whether the device should perform uplink transmission based on the instructions or scheduling of the third part.

[0439] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 3110 performs uplink transmission in the second part of the transmission time using an active transmission method, and / or the transmitting module 3110 performs uplink transmission in the second part of the transmission time using a backscattering method.

[0440] In some embodiments, the receiving module 3150 is used to receive at least one of the following: PPDU, power supply signal, and carrier wave (for backscattering of the transmitting module 3110).

[0441] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part. Since other devices can detect the transmission power of the second part, even if the transmission power of this apparatus is low, other devices can still determine that the channel is busy by detecting the transmission power of the second part, preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Furthermore, other devices can also determine that the channel is busy by receiving the first part, preventing other devices from mistakenly believing the channel is idle and attempting to access it. Therefore, the transmission of the first and second parts can effectively reduce the probability of interference and conflict caused by other devices to the uplink transmission of this apparatus, ensuring the uplink transmission quality of this apparatus, and also prevent this apparatus from interfering with the transmission of other devices, which is beneficial to the compatibility and coexistence of this apparatus with other devices.

[0442] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the communication device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept.

[0443] Figure 32 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 3200 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 3201, a transmitter 3202, a processor 3203, a memory 3204, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 3200 can be implemented as the aforementioned network device. The receiver 3201 is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter 3202 is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0444] In some embodiments, receiver 3201 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 3050, and transmitter 3202 can be used to implement the functions and steps of sending module 3010.

[0445] Optionally, the receiver 3201 and transmitter 3202 can be implemented as a communication component, which can be a communication chip, and can be referred to as a transceiver. Optionally, the receiver 3201 and transmitter 3202 can be implemented as a wireless communication component and / or a wired communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna. Optionally, the wired communication component includes a wired communication chip and / or a wired interface.

[0446] The processor 3203 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 3203 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 3203 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 3030 described above. The memory 3204 can be used to store the computer program executed by the processor 3203, and the processor 3203 executes the computer program to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0447] In some embodiments, the memory 3204 may be connected to the processor 3203, the receiver 3201, and the transmitter 3202.

[0448] Furthermore, the memory 3204 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0449] In some embodiments, the receiver 3201 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 3203 controls the receiver 3201 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3203 requests the receiver 3201 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3203 cooperates with the receiver 3201 to receive signals / data.

[0450] In some embodiments, the transmitter 3202 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 3203 controls the transmitter 3202 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 3203 requests the transmitter 3202 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 3203 cooperates with the transmitter 3202 to transmit signals / data.

[0451] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0452] Figure 33 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 3300 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 3310, a transmitter 3320, a processor 3330, a memory 3340, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 3300 can be implemented as the aforementioned A-IoT device. The receiver 3310 is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter 3320 is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0453] In some embodiments, receiver 3310 and transmitter 3320 can be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip, and may be referred to as a transceiver. Exemplarily, receiver 3310 and transmitter 3320 are implemented as a wireless communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna (not shown in the figure).

[0454] In some embodiments, receiver 3310 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 3150 described above. Optionally, receiver 3310 can be implemented as a first receiver 3313 and a second receiver 3315. Optionally, the first receiver 3313 and the second receiver 3315 are two independently operating receivers, that is, receiver 3310 includes two mutually independent first receivers 3313 and second receivers 3315. Optionally, receiver 3310 can be implemented as a combined receiver of first receiver 3313 and second receiver 3315.

[0455] In some embodiments, the first receiver 3313 is implemented as a wake-up receiver (WUR), which may also be called a low-power WUR (LP-WUR), an ultra-low-power WUR (ULP-WUR), a low-power receiver, an ultra-low-power receiver, a zero-power receiver, an auxiliary receiver, etc.

[0456] In some embodiments, the second receiver 3315 is implemented as a master receiver or a legacy receiver.

[0457] In some embodiments, transmitter 3320 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the transmitting module 3110 described above. Optionally, transmitter 3320 can be implemented as a first transmitter 3323 and / or a second transmitter 3325. Optionally, the first transmitter 3323 and the second transmitter 3325 are two transmitters that operate independently, that is, transmitter 3320 includes two mutually independent first transmitters 3323 and second transmitters 3325. Optionally, transmitter 3320 can be implemented as a combined transmitter of the first transmitter 3323 and the second transmitter 3325.

[0458] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 3323 is implemented as a backscatter transmitter, and the second transmitter 3325 is implemented as a main transmitter (or active transmitter).

[0459] In some embodiments, the processor 3330 and the receiver 3310 may be implemented as a single module, or the processor 3330 may be implemented as part of the receiver 3310.

[0460] The processor 3330 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 3330 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 3330 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 3130 described above.

[0461] The memory 3340 can be used to store a computer program executed by the processor 3330, which is used to execute the computer program to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0462] In some embodiments, the memory 3340 may be connected to the processor 3330, the receiver 3310, and the transmitter 3320. Furthermore, the memory 3340 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM, EPROM, SRAM, ROM, magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM.

[0463] In some embodiments, the receiver 3310 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 3330 controls the receiver 3310 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3330 requests the receiver 3310 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3330 cooperates with the receiver 3310 to receive signals / data.

[0464] In some embodiments, the transmitter 3320 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 3330 controls the transmitter 3320 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 3330 requests the transmitter 3320 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 3330 cooperates with the transmitter 3320 to transmit signals / data.

[0465] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0466] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a chip is also provided, the chip including programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions, which, when the chip is run on a communication device, is used to implement the A-IoT communication method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0467] In some embodiments, the chip includes a transmitting module 3010. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 3030 and / or a receiving module 3050. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0468] In some embodiments, the chip includes a transmitting module 3110. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 3130 and / or a receiving module 3150. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0469] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores at least one program that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the A-IoT communication method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0470] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program product is also provided, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor retrieves the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0471] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program is also provided, the computer program including computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieving the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0472] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0473] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An A-IoT communication method, characterized in that, The method is performed by a network device, and the method includes: Send a first PPDU, which includes a first part and a second part, wherein the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part; The second part supports uplink transmission for one or more A-IoT devices during the transmission time.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second part is located after the first part; There is a time interval between the second part and the first part, and the time interval is less than or equal to the first duration; Alternatively, there is no time interval between the second part and the first part.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. The first PPDU and the second PPDU are sent by different network devices, or the second PPDU and the first PPDU are sent by the same network device.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission of the first PPDU is triggered or scheduled by the second PPDU.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The second PPDU includes the first part and the third part, wherein the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first PPDU includes a first part, a third part, and a second part; the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second part follows the third part; There is a time interval between the second part and the third part, and the time interval is less than or equal to the first duration; Alternatively, there may be no time interval between the second part and the third part.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The third part includes a first domain, which is used to trigger or schedule the one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The second part occupies the first frequency domain resources, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain units, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The second part is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth, or the second part is located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, There is a guard interval between the second part and the edge of the channel bandwidth.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The second part occupies the frequency domain resources of the first part and the frequency domain resources of the second part. The first part of the frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units, and the second part of the frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources satisfy one or more of the following conditions: the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are symmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are asymmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth. The first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have different bandwidths; the first portion of frequency domain resources includes the same number of frequency domain units as the second portion of frequency domain resources; the first portion of frequency domain resources includes a different number of frequency domain units than the second portion of frequency domain resources; multiple frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; a first guard interval exists between the first portion of frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; a second guard interval exists between the second portion of frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; the frequency interval between the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The transmission of the second part on the frequency domain resources of the first part can be any of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence; The transmission of the second part in the frequency domain resources of the second part can be any of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The transmission power of the second part is the same as that of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as that of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from that of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from that of the third part.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The transmission power of the second part is determined based on the transmission power of the first part and / or the transmission power of the third part.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The waveform of the first part can be any one of the following: OFDM waveform or DSSS waveform; The waveform in the third part can be any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform; The waveform in the second part can be any of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, The second part is either continuous in time, or the second part is discontinuous in time.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The second part includes multiple signal segments that are not discontinuous in time, wherein the time interval between two adjacent signal segments is less than or equal to the second duration.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The start time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The second part and the uplink transmission with the one or more A-IoT devices adopt frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or code division multiplexing (CDM).

24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, The uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth, or the uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The frequency interval between the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices and the second part is equal to or greater than the second threshold.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that, The uplink transmission of the multiple A-IoT devices adopts the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method.

27. An A-IoT communication method, characterized in that, The method is executed by an A-IoT device, and the method includes: Uplink transmission is performed during the transmission time of the second part, which is contained within the first PPDU sent by the network device. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that, The second part is located after the first part; There is a time interval between the second part and the first part, and the time interval is less than or equal to the first duration; Alternatively, there is no time interval between the second part and the first part.

29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that, The first PPDU is sent after the second PPDU. The first PPDU and the second PPDU are sent by different network devices, or the second PPDU and the first PPDU are sent by the same network device.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that, The transmission of the first PPDU is triggered or scheduled by the second PPDU.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that, The second PPDU includes the first part and the third part, wherein the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part.

32. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that, The first PPDU includes a first part, a third part, and a second part; the bandwidth of the first part is greater than the bandwidth of the third part.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that, The second part follows the third part; There is a time interval between the second part and the third part, and the time interval is less than or equal to the first duration; Alternatively, there may be no time interval between the second part and the third part.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that, The third part includes a first domain, which is used to trigger or schedule the one or more A-IoT devices to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part.

35. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that, The second part occupies the first frequency domain resources, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that, The first frequency domain resource includes one or more frequency domain units, which may be continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

37. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 36, characterized in that, The second part is located in the middle of the channel bandwidth, or the second part is located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that, There is a guard interval between the second part and the edge of the channel bandwidth.

39. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 38, characterized in that, The second part occupies the frequency domain resources of the first part and the frequency domain resources of the second part. The first part of the frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units, and the second part of the frequency domain resources includes one or more frequency domain units.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that, The first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources satisfy one or more of the following conditions: the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are symmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources are asymmetrical based on the center frequency point of the channel bandwidth. The first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have the same bandwidth; the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources have different bandwidths; the first portion of frequency domain resources includes the same number of frequency domain units as the second portion of frequency domain resources; the first portion of frequency domain resources includes a different number of frequency domain units than the second portion of frequency domain resources; multiple frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the first portion of frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources are continuous in the frequency domain; multiple frequency domain units included in the second portion of frequency domain resources are discontinuous in the frequency domain; a first guard interval exists between the first portion of frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; a second guard interval exists between the second portion of frequency domain resources and the edge of the channel bandwidth; the frequency interval between the first portion of frequency domain resources and the second portion of frequency domain resources is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

41. The method according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that, The transmission of the second part on the frequency domain resources of the first part can be any of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence; The transmission of the second part in the frequency domain resources of the second part can be any of the following: QPSK signal, QAM signal, random or pseudo-random signal, ZC sequence, m sequence, gold sequence, walsh sequence, random or pseudo-random sequence.

42. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 41, characterized in that, The transmission power of the second part is the same as that of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is the same as that of the third part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from that of the first part; or, the transmission power of the second part is different from that of the third part.

43. The method according to claim 42, characterized in that, The transmission power of the second part is determined based on the transmission power of the first part and / or the transmission power of the third part.

44. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 43, characterized in that, The waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is the same as the waveform of the third part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the first part; or, the waveform of the second part is different from the waveform of the third part.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that, The waveform of the first part can be any one of the following: OFDM waveform or DSSS waveform; The waveform in the third part can be any one of the following: OOK waveform, MC-OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, FSK waveform, PSK waveform, or ASK waveform; The waveform in the second part can be any of the following: OFDM waveform, OOK waveform, BPSK waveform, or DSSS waveform.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 27 to 45, characterized in that, The second part is either continuous in time, or the second part is discontinuous in time.

47. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The second part includes multiple signal segments that are not discontinuous in time, wherein the time interval between two adjacent signal segments is less than or equal to the second duration.

48. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 47, characterized in that, The start time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is equal to or later than the start time of the second part, and the end time of the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices is earlier than or equal to the end time of the second part.

49. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 48, characterized in that, The second part and the uplink transmission with the one or more A-IoT devices adopt frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or code division multiplexing (CDM).

50. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 49, characterized in that, The uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located in the middle portion of the channel bandwidth, or the uplink transmissions of the one or more A-IoT devices are located on one side of the channel bandwidth.

51. The method according to claim 50, characterized in that, The frequency interval between the uplink transmission of the one or more A-IoT devices and the second part is equal to or greater than the second threshold.

52. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 51, characterized in that, The uplink transmission of the multiple A-IoT devices adopts the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method.

53. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: The transmitting module is used to transmit a first PPDU, which includes a first part and a second part. The frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part. The second part supports one or more A-IoT devices during its transmission time. The device performs uplink transmission.

54. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: The transmitting module is used to perform uplink transmission during the transmission time of the second part, the second part being contained in the first PPDU transmitted by the network device. The first PPDU includes the first part and the second part, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the second part are a subset of the frequency domain resources occupied by the first part.

55. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes: a processor; a transceiver connected to the processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 26.

56. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a transceiver; wherein the transceiver is configured to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in any one of claims 27 to 52.

57. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26, or the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 52.

58. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieving the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26, or the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 52.

59. A computer program, characterized in that, The computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, the processor retrieves the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions to implement the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26, or the A-IoT communication method as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 52.

60. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes a programmable logic circuit and / or at least a program, and the chip is used to implement the A-IoT communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 26, or the A-IoT communication method as described in any one of claims 27 to 52, based on the programmable logic circuit and / or the at least a program.

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