Communication method and device
The communication method optimizes uplink communications by determining transmission parameters based on resource type, addressing interference and inefficiencies in shared spectrum scenarios, enhancing performance in heterogeneous networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115527
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems face challenges in efficiently managing uplink communications, particularly in dense network environments, due to interference and suboptimal resource allocation, especially in shared spectrum scenarios where UEs are unaware of resource types, leading to increased contention and inefficient power control.
A communication method and device that determine transmission parameters based on the resource type, whether shared or dedicated, to optimize spectrum utilization and reduce interference by employing techniques such as power control, modulation coding schemes, and beam direction, thereby enhancing communication performance.
This approach mitigates interference and improves communication efficiency by optimizing spectrum utilization and reducing contention, even in heterogeneous networks with terrestrial and non-terrestrial components.
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Figure CN2024115527_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and a communication device.BACKGROUND
[0002] With the development of communication technologies, the demand for data and the proliferation of connected devices are increased, and there has been significant progress in optimizing grant mechanisms and improving resource management. Considering uplink (UL) communications as an example, recent advancements in UL communications have focused on enhancing the efficiency and reliability of data transmission from user equipment (UE) to the base station (BS) . Key developments include the integration of machine learning algorithms to predict traffic patterns, the implementation of advanced power control techniques, and the enhancement of scheduling algorithms to better manage network resources. These improvements aim to address challenges such as interference, latency, and energy consumption, ensuring robust and efficient UL communications even in dense network environments.
[0003] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0004] The implmentations of the present disclosure provides a communication method and a communication device, which may determine the transmission parameter based on the resource type of the target resource and perform communication using the target resource based on the transmission parameter, thus mitigating interference between different networks and improving communication performance.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are provided in the present disclosure.
[0006] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be performed by a terminal device; or the method may be performed by a component in the terminal device, such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system in the terminal device. The method may be performed by a network device, or may be performed by a component in the network device, such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system in the network device.
[0007] The method includes: obtaining first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, the resource type including one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; obtaining a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter including at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, the target resource belonging to the at least one resource; and performing communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0008] Based on this solution, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based the resource type of the target resource, and the communication is performed based on the transmission parameter using the target resource. As a result, it is conducive to mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance.
[0009] In some possible implementations, the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on second information, the second information indicative of network interference from another network or another communication device in a current network. On this basis, it may be possible to optimize spectrum utilization and enhance transmission efficiency without relying on centralized scheduling.
[0010] In some possible implementations, the network interference includes a co-channel interference (CCI) or an adjacent channel interference (ACI) .
[0011] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; and the method further comprising: selecting one of the plurality of the resources as the target resource, and obtaining the transmission parameter. Based on this implementation, for a resource of the shared spectrum, the terminal device may need to contend with other terminal devices for access, and a resource of the dedicated spectrum may provide exclusive use for the terminal device. Therefore, when the target resource is the shared-type resource, a more conservative power control to account for potential additional contention and interference with another network need to be considered. While for the dedicated-type resource, networks need to optimize power control to maximize throughput and minimize unnecessary power usage. Furthermore, it may be possible to optimize spectrum utilization and enhance transmission efficiency without relying on centralized scheduling.
[0012] In some possible implementations, the method further includes obtaining third information, the third information indicative of time intervals during which first beams of a non-terrestrial transmission reception point (NTN TRP) are active; and the obtaining the transmission parameter is futher based on the first information and the third information. Based on this, it may be possible to make decisions regarding spectrum usage and competition avoidance strategies based on the time intervals during which specific beams are active, and in turn reduce competition within TN and NTN networks.
[0013] In some possible implementations, in the time intervals during which the first beams are inactive, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the shared type.
[0014] In some possible implementations, in the time intervals during which the first beams are active, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the dedicated type.
[0015] In some possible implementations, the communication device is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) terminal device; and the method further includes obtaining fourth information, the fourth information indicative of location information of a terrestrial network transmission reception point (TN TRP) relative to the NTN terminal device and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; and the obtaining the transmission parameter is futher based on the first information and the fourth information. Based on this, the NTN-terminal device may opportunistically utilize dedicated or shared spectrum resources to minimize contention with the TN UE and maintain a reliable communication link.
[0016] In some possible implementations, obtaining the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fourth information, includes: in a case where the resource type of the target resource is the shared type, if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, obtaining an updated beam direction of the NTN terminal device.
[0017] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; obtaining the transmission parameter includes: if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, selecting one of the plurality of the resources which is associated with the dedicated type as the target resource, and obtaining the transmission parameter.
[0018] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource belongs to licensed resources.
[0019] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: obtaining fifth information indicative of a listening period for the communication device to check a channel and / or collision avoidance protocols; and obtaining the transmission parameter includes obtaining the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fifth information. Therefore, when using the shared-type resource, the terminal device may increase the listening period and well detect and avoid potential collisions. When the dedicated-type resource is used, since the risk of collision is low, the terminal device may directly use a standard listening period, to conserve energy and transmit signals efficiently. The terminal device may implement an advanced collision avoidance protocol. The advanced collision avoidance protocol may help ensure that the small data packet is transmitted without interference, thus reducing the need for retransmission and improving the overall transmission efficiency. When using the dedicated-type resource, since the risk of collision is minimal, a simplified collision mechanism may be used to enable the terminal device to transmit the small data packet quickly and efficiently without the overhead of a complex collision avoidance protocol.
[0020] In some possible implementations, transmission power for a dedicated-type resource is less than transmission power for a shared-type resource; and an MCS for the dedicated-type resource is greater than an MCS for the shared-type resource. Based on this, it may be possible to optimize spectrum utilization and enhance transmission efficiency without relying on centralized scheduling.
[0021] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource includes at least one of: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, or a spatial resource.
[0022] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource belongs to at least one of: a cell, a component carrier, or a bandwidth part (BWP) .
[0023] In some possible implementations, the at least one resource is pre-defined; or the at least one resource is dynamically scheduled.
[0024] In some possible implementations, the first information is obtained through a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration messaging comprising at least one of common configurations or dedicated configurations.
[0025] In some possible implementations, performing the communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource includes: transmitting physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) etc. ) based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0026] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device configured to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect.
[0027] In a possible implementation, the communication device comprising: a communication unit configured to obtain first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, wherein the resource type comprises one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; and a processing unit configured to obtain a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter comprising at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, wherein the target resource belongs to the at least one resource; wherein the communication unit is further configured to perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0028] In a possible implementation, the communication device comprising: an interface circuit configured to obtain first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, wherein the resource type comprises one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; and one or more processors configured to obtain a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter comprising at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, wherein the target resource belongs to the at least one resource; wherein the interface circuit is further configured to perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0029] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.
[0030] In a third aspect, an apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0031] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0032] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0033] According to a fourth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0034] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0035] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0036] In a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided, the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the method of any one of the second aspect.
[0037] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0038] In a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0039] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0041] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates one possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 4 illustrates another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 5 illustrates another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a communication method according to implementations of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of another communication method according to implementations of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 8 is a flow chart of yet another communication method according to implementations of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 9 is a flow chart of yet another communication method according to with implementations of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 10 is a flow chart of yet another communication method according to implementations of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 12 illustrates an example apparatus according to an implementation of the present disclosure; and
[0053] FIG. 13 illustrates example apparatus according to an implementation of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] The technical solutions in implementations of the present disclosure will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0055] The following communication system applicable to the present disclosure is only an example, and the communication system applicable to the present disclosure is not limited thereto, which is uniformly provided here and will not be repeated.
[0056] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 00 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term "radio access" may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as "user equipment" ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g. 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0057] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0058] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0059] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0060] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, 150 the Internet, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0061] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0062] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a "TRP" may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a "T-TRP" may also refer to a "TN TRP" , and an "NT-TRP" may also refer to an "NTN TRP" . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0063] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as auser equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0064] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a "cell" or a "coverage area" . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0065] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0066] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0067] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0068] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train Or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0069] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: Connection availability and connection necessity.
[0070] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0071] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, which may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0072] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0073] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0074] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be indirect or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0075] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) . The base station shown in FIG. 2 may be a base station in a terrestrial network (TN) or a base station in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .
[0076] In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions in the implementations of the present disclosure, a brief introduction of the related art will be provided below.
[0077] Co-channel interference. Interference caused by signals transmitted on the same frequency channel.
[0078] Leakage interference. Interference caused by signal leakage from unintended sources or unintended reception by unintended receivers.
[0079] Uplink (UL) communication. UL communication refers to the transmission of data from user equipment (UE) to the network, for example, from a mobile device to a base station or satellite. It may be used for tasks like sending requests, uploading data, and responding to network queries.
[0080] UL grant. A UL grant is a permission given by the network to a UE, allowing it to transmit data on specified uplink resources. It may include one or more details such as the time, frequency, and / or power settings for the uplink transmission.
[0081] Configured grant. A configured grant is a pre-scheduled uplink grant that allows a UE to transmit data without needing to request resources each time. This is useful for regular, predictable data transmissions, improving efficiency and reducing latency.
[0082] UL power control. UL power control is a mechanism used to adjust the transmission power of the UE in the uplink direction. It aims to maintain signal quality, minimize interference, and conserve battery life by adapting the power level based on channel conditions and network instructions.
[0083] Bandwidth part (BWP) . A BWP is a subset of the total available bandwidth in a carrier, configured to optimize resource allocation and power consumption for a UE. BWPs allow flexible and efficient use of the spectrum by adjusting the active bandwidth based on UE requirements and network conditions.
[0084] In the present disclosure, considering a plurality of terminal devices (EDs) shown in FIG. 2 as an example, BWP configuration involves setting up multiple BWPs within the carrier and specifying parameters like frequency range, bandwidth, and other operational settings. This configuration allows the network to dynamically allocate resources to UEs based on their needs and traffic conditions.
[0085] Modulation coding scheme (MCS) . An MCS combines modulation and coding techniques to determine the data rate and robustness of a communication link. It specifies how data is encoded and transmitted, balancing speed and error resilience based on channel conditions.
[0086] Beam hopping pattern table (BHPT) . A beam hopping pattern table defines the sequence and timing of beam transmissions in satellite or advanced antenna systems. It helps distribute coverage dynamically across different areas, improving resource utilization and reducing interference.
[0087] Small data transmission (SDT) . SDT refers to the transmission of small amounts of data, typically in IoT or M2M communications. It emphasizes low power consumption and efficient use of network resources for short, sporadic data bursts.
[0088] Listen-before-talk (LBT) : LBT is a protocol used to avoid collisions in shared spectrum environments. Before transmitting, a device listens to the channel to ensure it is not being used by others. If the channel is clear, the device proceeds with transmission; otherwise, it waits or selects another channel.
[0089] Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) . CSMA is a network protocol that manages access to the communication medium by ensuring that a device senses the carrier (channel) before transmitting. If the channel is busy, the device waits before trying again, reducing the likelihood of collisions and improving overall network efficiency.
[0090] UL grants are essential for managing uplink transmissions, and they come in two primary types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 UL grants are dynamic, issued by the BS in response to a UE's scheduling request. This flexibility allows for efficient handling of variable traffic loads and ensures optimal use of available spectrum. Conversely, Type 2 UL grants are semi-persistent, allocated on a periodic basis for applications with consistent data transmission needs, such as VoIP or regular IoT sensor data. While Type 1 grants are adaptable to real-time network conditions, Type 2 grants reduce signaling overhead by minimizing the need for frequent scheduling requests. However, in shared-spectrum scenarios, these mechanisms face limitations, and lead to increased signaling overhead and potential contention, and the configured resources might be underutilized in different conditions.
[0091] Innovative approaches are sought to address these limitations. In some scenarios, dynamic UL allocation algorithms are used that balances grant-free and grant-based UL mechanisms to enhance network throughput and minimize latency. These scenarios represent significant advancements in UL communication strategies, particularly in optimizing resource allocation and improving network performance.
[0092] In some scenarios, methods aimed at improving UL mechanism by employing machine learning-based framework for UL grant allocation that leverages historical transmission data to predict future demands, thereby optimizing the allocation of UL grants. The system uses a neural network to analyze traffic patterns, adjusting resource allocation dynamically to reduce congestion and improve efficiency in shared spectrum scenarios. Also, in some scenarios, a hybrid UL grant allocation algorithm is used that dynamically switches between UL grant types based on current network conditions and UE requirements. This approach aims to balance the flexibility of dynamic grants with the efficiency of semi-persistent grants, thus optimizing overall network performance.
[0093] Despite these advancements, there have been some notable weaknesses. The machine learning frameworks rely heavily on the availability and accuracy of historical data, which might not always predict future traffic patterns accurately, leading to potential misallocations. Additionally, the complexity of implementing real-time machine learning algorithms can also be a barrier. Furthermore, balancing the advantages of both UL grant types faces challenges in shared spectrum environments. When UEs are unaware of whether the resources are shared or dedicated, they cannot make a suitable decision based on the configured resources and properly adjust their power control mechanisms. This can result in suboptimal resource selection and increased contention, as UEs might not adequately account for additional interference from other networks operating on the shared spectrum. Such scenarios underscore the need for enhanced signaling protocols and adaptive power control strategies to manage shared-spectrum resources effectively. In light of this, the present disclosure provides a communication method, which can determine the transmission parameter (s) according to the resource type of the target resource, and perform communication with the target resource based on the transmission parameter (s) , thereby mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance. In some implementations, the target resource (s) are the resource (s) used by the UE for communication.
[0094] The communication system is shown in FIG. 1. The presented disclsoure focuses on interference mitigation in TN-NTN communications This system model may have a high density of UEs, and the non-terrestrial devices (e.g., satellites) may be equipped with multi-beam antennas and may adjust the beam hopping pattern based on UE’s or terrestrial gNB’s (T-gNBs) feedback. Additionally, the multiple terrestrial devices (T-gNBs or aerial gNBs) may be under the coverage of the same beam of the non-terrestrial device.
[0095] In some scenarios, the terrestrial and non-terrestrial devices may operate in a same frequency band as NTN-UEs communicating with satellites while in other occasions their operating frequency can be different.
[0096] Moreover, the terrestrial devices may interact with each other for possible coordination among themselves and they may be equipped with enough processing power to assist non-terrestrial devices and NTN-UEs in reducing the received interference within networks. Furthermore, terrestrial devices may be equipped with antennas of higher gain, height, and transmit power in comparison to UEs and they may directly communicate with non-terrestrial devices.
[0097] The proposed model is applicable over DL and UL and various approaches to spectrum sharing within TN-NTNs, including but not limited to normal pairing, where both networks operate in the same direction, and reverse pairing, where they operate in opposite directions. Also, the proposed model can be employed in reducing the interference of TN over NTN or vice versa.
[0098] The communication methods provided in the implementations of the present disclosure will be introduced below by taking an example in which the plurality of terminal devices (EDs) in FIG. 2 are UEs. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the base stations 170a and 170b interact with one or more terminal devices (EDs) connected to the base stations170a and 170b.
[0099] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called a non-terrestrial communication system. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge the coverage gaps for underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to ensuring global seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions, in this case, it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in the areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0100] The terrestrial communication system may use 5G technology and / or later generation wireless technologies. In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also support legacy wireless technologies, such as 3G or 4G. The non-terrestrial communication system may include satellite constellations like conventional Geo-Stationary Orbit (GEO) satellites which are utilized to broadcast public / popular contents to a local server, Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which provide a better balance between large coverage areas and propagation path-loss / delay, stabilized satellites in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) enabling technologies, which substantially reduce the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) which provide a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) ) , which allow for a dense deployment with coverage limited to local areas, such as airborne balloons, quadcopters, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be considered in a horizontal and two-dimensional context. In other examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs, coupled to integrate satellite communications into the cellular network’s emerging 3D vertical networks, consist of many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high-altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0101] One possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation, as illustrated in FIG. 3. A satellite constellation comprises a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites, and each satellite orbit includes a plurality of satellites. T-TRPs may be connected to the core network through terrestrial gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network through dedicated non-terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0102] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground, as illustrated in FIG. 4. Satellites in the satellite constellation communicate with the CN through gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the gateways on the ground may use a wired link (such as fiber optical link) to communicate with the CN. T-TRPs communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each other using free space optical links such as lasers. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with a NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0103] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN, as illustrated in FIG. 5. NT-TRPs may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial gateways, which then communicate with the CN. The CN may then relay information from NT-TRPs to T-TRPs via dedicated terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0104] In the scenarios above shown in the figures, the link between the UE and the NT-TRPs may be called a service link, and the link between the NT-TRPs and the NTN gateway may be called a feeder link. In addition, the link between the NTN-TRPs may be called as inter-satellite link (ISL) (not shown in the figures) . Each NTN-TRP may be associated with one or more NTN Gateways.
[0105] It should be noted that the name of each message or the name of each parameter in the messagebetween devices in the following implementations of the present disclosure is merely an example, and it can also be other names in the specific implementations, which will not be specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0106] It can be understood that, in the implementations of the present disclosure, the communication device (s) (e.g., the terminal device (s) and / or the base station (s) ) may perform some or all of the steps in the implementations of the present disclosure, these steps or operations are merely examples, and other operations or deformations of various operations may also be performed in the implementations of the present disclosure. In addition, all the steps may be performed in a different order provided in the implementations of the present disclosure, and all the operations in the implementations of the present disclosure may not be necessarily performed.
[0107] The present disclosure provides a communication method, which may be applied to shared spectrum scenarios between TN and NTN. Of course, the method may also be applied to other scenarios, the applicable scenarios of the method will not be specifically limited in the present disclosure, and the above exemplary scenarios do not make any limitations on the method.
[0108] In the present disclosure, "transmiting information to a terminal device" can be understood that the destination of the information is the terminal device, and it may include transmiting the information directly or indirectly to the terminal device; "receiving information from a terminal device" can be understood that the source of the information is the terminal device, and it may include receiving the information directly or indirectly from the terminal device. The information may be necessarily processed between the source and the destination of the information, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in the present disclosure can be interpreted similarly understood, which will not be repeated herein.
[0109] FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided in implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the communication method 600 includes the following steps.
[0110] In S601, the base station transmits first information indicative of at least one resource to the terminal device, each resource is associated with a resource type, and the resource type includes one of a shared type or a dedicated type. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the first information.
[0111] The at least one resource belongs to licensed resources, wherein the licensed resources may be resources that belong to a licensed frequency spectrum or bandwidth or BWP allocated by regulatory authorities to specific operators, granting them exclusive rights to use these frequencies within designated areas. The resource for communication includes at least one of: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, or a spatial resource, which is not specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0112] In the present disclosure, the base station may send a signal to the terminal device to inform the terminal device whether an allocated spectrum for transmission is shared or dedicated; and for a resource of the shared spectrum, the terminal device may need to contend with other terminal devices for access, and a resource of the dedicated spectrum may provide exclusive use for the terminal device.
[0113] In some implementations, before S601, the terminal device may initiate a signaling process for establishing an initial connection with the base station; and in this phase, the terminal device may also inform the base station of an ability of the terminal device to adjust a transmission parameter of the terminal device based on the resource type.
[0114] In S602, the terminal device obtains a transmission parameter for a target resource based on the first information. The transmission parameter includes at least one of: transmission power, an MCS, or a beam direction; and the target resource belongs to the at least one resource.
[0115] In some implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; and the terminal device may select one of the plurality of resources as the target resource and obtain the transmission parameter.
[0116] In S603, the base station receives the transmission parameter for the target resource based on the first information. The transmission parameter includes at least one of: transmission power, an MCS, or a beam direction; and the target resource belongs to the at least one resource.
[0117] In S604, the terminal device and the base station perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0118] In some implementations of the present disclosure, each of the terminal device and the base station determines the transmission parameter of the target resource, and transmits the signal based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0119] In some implementations, the base station may obtain the first information, obtain the transmission parameter of the target resource based on the first information, and transmit the transmission parameter of the target resource to the terminal device. The terminal device may perform communication using the target resource based on the transmission parameter without performing the above S602, so that the processing burden of the terminal device may be reduced.
[0120] Please note that the base station and the terminal device in FIG. 6 are in the same network, for example the current network. And the interference may come from another network or another terminal device in the current network.
[0121] In the communication method provided in some implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based on the resource type of the target resource, and the communication is performed based on the transmission parameter using the target resource. As a result, it is conducive to mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance.
[0122] In some implementations, the communication in the above method 600 may include one or more of uplink communication and / or downlink communication. Some implementations of the present disclosure may also be applied to a sidelink communication system, for example, communication between one terminal device and another terminal device, or communication between one base station and another base station. Hereinafter, the communication method provided in the present disclosure will be described in detail in combination with FIGS. 7 to 10.
[0123] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of another communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the base stations include T-gNBs and a souce satellite (S-Satellite) , and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs. The communication method 700 includes the following steps.
[0124] In S701, the T-gNBs send reference signals (RS) to the T-UEs.
[0125] In S702, the T-UEs send RS measurements to the T-gNBs.
[0126] In some implementations, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs, and the T-UEs send RS measurements to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0127] In S703, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs.
[0128] In S704, the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite.
[0129] In some implementations, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs, and the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0130] In S705, the T-gNBs send a resource type (RT) indicative of at least one resource to the TN-UEs.
[0131] In some implementations, the resource (s) for communication belongs to at least one of a cell, a component carrier, or a BWP, which is not specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0132] In some implementations, the base station may send BWP configuration signaling to the terminal device, specifying parameters such as a center frequency, bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, and other BWP-related settings, so as to to ensure that the terminal device is synchronized with the frequency and timing parameters of the base station. The base stations include T-gNBs and an S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs.
[0133] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the base station sends a signal or signalling to the terminal device to inform the terminal device whether the allocated spectrum for transmission is shared or dedicated, and the informing signal may be included in the BWP configuration signaling or be transmitted alone through a dedicated signaling message. The resource (s) for communication is predefined or dynamically scheduled, which is not specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure. The first information may be obtained through a radio resource control (RRC) message, for example. RRC reconfiguration messaging comprising at least one of common configurations or dedicated configurations.
[0134] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the communication protocol may be updated to include resource type indicators in control messages, and the terminal device is capable of decoding the indicators and adjusting the transmission parameter of the terminal device accordingly.
[0135] For example, the downlink channels e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may be modified to include flags indicating whether the resource is shared or dedicated, or gNBs may inform the UEs alongside other control information such as but not limited to RRC reconfiguration messages regarding type of configured resources which later on may help UEs to use the information to decide which and / or how and / or when to use the configured resources. The base stations include T-gNBs and an S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs.
[0136] It should be noted that, the base station may send downlink control information (DCI) to the terminal device, which include information about grant resources allocated for transmission. The DCI specify parameters such as the grant duration, frequency resources, modulation scheme, coding rate, and transmission power control settings assigned to the terminal device for transmission. The terminal device may receive updates on a media access control-control element (MAC CE) , an RRC message, a DCI, etc. and / or a dedicated signal. The base stations include T-gNBs and an S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs.
[0137] In some implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; and the terminal device may select one of the plurality of resources as the target resource and obtain the transmission parameter.
[0138] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the base station may send a signal or signaling to the terminal device to inform the terminal device whether an allocated spectrum for transmission is shared or dedicated; and for a resource of the shared spectrum, the terminal device may need to contend with other terminal devices for access, and a resource of the dedicated spectrum may provide exclusive use for the terminal device.
[0139] In S706, the S-Satellite sends a resource type (RT) indicative of at least one resource to the NTN-UEs.
[0140] In some implementations, the UE may dynamically adjust its transmission parameters based on whether the resource type of the resource it uses in real time is shared or dedicated.
[0141] In some implementations of the present disclosure, for a resource of the shared spectrum, the terminal device may need to contend with other terminal devices for access, and a resource of the dedicated spectrum may provide exclusive use for the terminal device. Therefore, when the target resource is the shared-type resource, a more conservative power control to account for potential additional contention and interference with another network need to be considered. While for the dedicated-type resource, networks need to optimize power control to maximize throughput and minimize unnecessary power usage. Furthermore, it may be possible to optimize spectrum utilization and enhance transmission efficiency without relying on centralized scheduling.
[0142] In S707, the T-UEs adjust UL transmission parameters and in S708 the NTN-UEs adjust UL transmission parameters.
[0143] In S709, the T-UEs transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCH etc. ) ) to the T-gNBs based on the transmission parameters.
[0144] In S710, the NTN-UEs transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCH etc. ) to the S-Satellite based on the transmission parameters. It will be understood that, in some implementations, S705, S707, S709 may be optional and S706, S708, S710 may happen. In some implementations, S706, S708, S710 may be optional and S705, S707, S709 may happen. In some implementations, S705, S707, S709 and S706, S708, S710 may happen simultaneously.
[0145] Thus, in the communication method provided in the some implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based the resource type of the target resource, and the communication is performed based on the transmission parameter using the target resource, which is conducive to mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance. As a result, it may reduce the contention within TN and NTN, reduce the interference inter TN and NTN, improve the overall quality of service (QoS) and spectral efficiency in the network, and realize spectrum sharing between TN and NTN.
[0146] In the implementations of the present disclosure, the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on second information, the second information is indicative of network interference from another network or another terminal device in the current network. In such cases, the T-UEs and / or NTN-UEs may adjust their transmission power based on the types of resources signaled by the base stations and / or the level of interference received from other networks. The network interference includes a co-channel interference (CCI) and / or an adjacent channel interference (ACI) , which is not specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0147] It should be noted that, adjusting the transmission power based on the transmission parameter may include increasing the power over the shared-type resource to minimize the impact of other networks, and adjusting the MCS in the transmission parameter may include changing the MCS value at the transmitter Adjusting the transmission power in the transmission parameter may also include reducing the power over the shared-type resource to minimize leakage and interference generated by the terminal device to other networks.
[0148] In addition, the terminal devices may take into account the specific subbands being used, and certain subbands may be more prone to interference due to the overlapping ussage of the two networks, so the terminal devices may dynamically adjust their power within these subbands to maintain optimal performance.
[0149] As an example, the terminal device may reduce power in highly congested subbands to minimize interference or increase power in clearer subbands to maximize data rates. The adjustment of the transmission power and MCS in the transmission parameter helps maintain the stability of the network performance and reduce the cross-network interference.
[0150] Then, for the transmission power, a transmission power for the dedicated-type resource is less than a transmission power for the shared-type resource. The corresponding metric may be integrated for each configured resource of each terminal device, or the corresponding metric may be shared in a common part for all terminal devices. Based on this, the communication method shown in FIG. 8 is taken as an example for illustration.
[0151] FIG. 8 is a flow chart of another communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the base stations include T-gNBs and an S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs. The communication method includes the following steps.
[0152] In S801, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs.
[0153] In S802, the T-UEs send RS measurements to the T-gNBs.
[0154] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs, and the T-UEs send RS measurements to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0155] In S803, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs.
[0156] In S804, the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite.
[0157] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs, and the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0158] In S805, the S-Satellite send a resource type (RT) indicative of at least one resource using RRC signaling to the NTN-UEs.
[0159] The RRC signalings may carry the transmission parameters, which include the transmission power and MCS.
[0160] In the case where the target resource is the shared-type resource, when the terminal device transmits a PUSCH on an active UL BWP b of a carrier f of a serving cell c using a parameter set configuration with an index j and a PUSCH power control adjustment state with an index l:
[0161] if the terminal device is indicated as a first TCI-State or TCI-UL-State and a second TCI-State or TCI-UL-State, and is configured with a multi-panel scheme, and if the terminal device determines that the first TCI-State or TCI-UL-State and the second TCI-State or TCI-UL-State are applied in the PUSCH transmission occasion i, then the terminal device may determine the PUSCH transmission power PPUSCH, b, f, c, k (i, j, qd, l) for the k-th indicated TCI-State or TCI-UL-State as:
[0162] else, in other cases, the terminal device may determine the transmission power PPUSCH, b, f, c, k (i, j, qd, l) in the PUSCH transmission occasion i as:
[0163] Here, PCMAX, f, c, k (i) is the terminal device configured maximum output power for the k-th indicated TCI-State or the TCI-UL-State defined in the protocol for the carrier f of the serving cell c in the PUSCH transmission occasion i.
[0164] PCMAX, f, c (i) is the terminal device configured maximum output power defined in the protocol for the carrier f of the serving cell c in the PUSCH transmission occasion i.
[0165] PO_PUSCH, b, f, c (j) is a parameter composed of a sum of a component PO_NOMINAL, PUSCH, f, c (j) and a component PO_UE_PUSCH, b, f, c (j) , where j∈ {0, 1, …, J-1} .
[0166] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the above equations (1) and (2) may be extended by incorporating a weight (i.e., the above metric) . For example, the weight is an "interference factor (IF) " , which may be adjusted according to different conditions; and the interference factor may be defined by decibels (dB) , ranging from a lower bound reflecting minimal interference to an upper bound representing high interference conditions.
[0167] The process of adjusting the transmission power for TN-UEs and NTN-UEs will be described below.
[0168] (1) For the TN-UEs, if the NTN-gNBs share their BHPTs either directly with TN-UEs or indirectly through T-gNBs, terrestrial UEs, or when TN-UEs identify leakage, and / or interference, and / or communications from or in the NTN:
[0169] when an NTN beam is active and the NTN beam is pointed towards the terrestrial UEs, based on the network policy, the IF value may be increased to increase the TN transmission power, which improves the TN UL communication by reducing the impact of the NTN on the TN, or the IFvalue may be reduced to minimize the impact of the TN transmission on the NTN-UEs communication; and
[0170] when the NTN beam is not pointed towards the UEs or when the NTN beam is inactive, or when dedicated-type resources are configured, the IF value is set to zero, and the power is adjusted based on the current standard accordingly.
[0171] It should be noted that, the IF may be dynamically adjusted based on real-time measurements or beamforming information received from the NTN.
[0172] (2) For NTN-UEs, if T-gNBs share their location either directly or indirectly through satellites with the NTN-UEs, or when the NTN-UEs identify leakage, and / or interference, and / or communications from or in the TN:
[0173] when a distance between an NTN-UE and a T-gNB becomes less than a threshold, based on the network policy, the IF value may be increased to increase the NTN transmission power, which improves the NTN UL communication by reducing the impact of the TN on the NTN, or the IF value may be reduced to minimize the impact of the NTN transmission on the NTN-UEs communication.
[0174] In some implementations, the above threshold may be set according to the actual application scenarios.
[0175] In some implementations, the IF may be dynamically adjusted based on real-time measurements or beamforming information received from the TN.
[0176] In S806, the NTN-UEs adjust UL transmission parameters.
[0177] In S807, the NTN-UEs transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCH etc. ) to the S-Satellite based on the transmission parameters.
[0178] It will be understood that, the NTN informs the NTN-UEs of RT, and the NTN-UEs adjust the transmission parameters accordingly. Similarly, the TN informs the T-UEs of RT, and the T-UEs adjust the transmission parameters accordingly. In some implementations, S808, S809 and S810 may be optional steps and S805-S807 may happen. In some implementations, S805-S807 and S808-S810 may happen simultanelusly (as shown in Fig. 8) . In some implementations, S805-S807 may be optional and S808-S810 may happen.
[0179] In S808, the T-gNBs sends an RT indicative of at least one resource and RRC signalings to the T-UEs.
[0180] The T-gNBs may configure the resource type (RT) into their configured grant (CG) configuration, which may provide more insights to UEs.
[0181] The adjusting the MCS in the transmission parameter may include changing the MCS value at the transmitter, and the MCS value for the dedicated-type resource is greater than the MCS value corresponding to the shared-type resource.
[0182] In some implementations, MCS tables specify modulation schemes and coding rates, which together determine the spectral efficiency and robustness of the transmission. Each table is defined based on different conditions. For example, the MCS tables include a first MCS table, a second MCS table and a third MCS table. The first MCS table supports QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM with a wide range of coding rates, making it versatile for general data transmission. The second MCS table is designed for higher throughput and includes 64QAM and 256QAM with higher coding rates, which is suitable for scenarios with good signal quality. The third MCS table is designed for low-latency applications and initial access, and is suitable for simpler modulation schemes such as QPSK and 16QAM with fewer coding rates to facilitate rapid transmission.
[0183] The differences among the MCS tables reflect their intended use cases. The first MCS table is used in a variety of typical data transmission conditions, offering a balance between data rate and error correction. The second MCS table is designed to maximize data throughput in environments with favorable conditions. In contrast, the third MCS table prioritizes reducing latency, which makes it ideal for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and initial access scenarios. Therefore, the selection of the MCS tables is tailored to the specific needs of the transmission, whether it be maximizing throughput, ensuring robust communication, or minimizing latency.
[0184] In some implememtations of the present disclosure, the UEs may dynamically select different MCS tables based on the type of resource being used, whether the target resouce is shared or dedicated. This allows for more efficient use of resources and better adaptation to the specific needs of the communication scenarios. For instance, when the shared-type resources are used, the network conditions are more variable and subject to higher interference. Therefore, in the presence of interference, the UEs may select an MCS table that favors robustness over throughput, which ensures reliable communication using lower-order modulations and coding rates. Similarly, when the dedicated-type resources are used, the channel conditions are typically more stable and predictable. In this case, the UEs may select an MCS table optimized for higher data rates, which involves using higher-order modulations and higher coding rates to maximize throughput.
[0185] In some implementations of the present disclosure, with regard to the improvement of the MCS value at the transmitter, more data may be transmitted when the MCS value is increased; but due to the need to process more data, decoding at the receiver will result in data packet loss if there is interference. Therefore, when the target resource is the shared-type resource, the target resource corresponds to the MCS table of the shared-type resource.
[0186] The process of adjusting the MCS by TN-UEs and NTN-UEs will be described below.
[0187] (1) For TN-UEs, if the NTN-gNBs share their BHPTs either directly with TN-UEs or indirectly through T-gNBs, terrestrial UEs, or when TN UEs identify leakage, and / or interference, and / or communications from or in NTN:
[0188] when an NTN beam is active and the NTN beam is pointed towards the terrestrial UEs, based on the network policy, the MCS value may be reduced to increase the TN packet delivery ratio, which improves the TN communications by reducing the impact of NTN transmissions on TN-UEs.
[0189] It should be noted that the MCS may be dynamically adjusted based on real-time measurements or beamforming information received from the NTN.
[0190] (2) For NTN-UEs, if T-gNBs share their location either directly or indirectly through satellites with the NTN-UEs, or when the NTN-UEs identify leakage, and / or interference, and / or communications from or in the TN:
[0191] When a distance between an NTN-UE and a T-gNB is less than a threshold, based on the network policy, the MCS value may be reduced to improve NTN transmission packet delivery ratio, so that the NTN communication may be enhanced by reducing the impact of TN on NTN communications.
[0192] It should be noted that, the MCS may be dynamically adjusted based on real-time measurements or beamforming information received from the TN.
[0193] By reducing the MCS value, some interference may be intended when the current resource for the terminal device is the shared-type resource. Therefore, the signal may be decoded at the receiver by reducing the MCS value. Moreover, when the signal is decodable, the packet loss ratio may be reduced and the packet transmission ratio may be improved. Furthermore, it may be possible to optimize the spectrum efficiency and enhance the transmission efficiency without relying on centralized scheduling.
[0194] In S809, the T-UEs adjust UL transmission parameters.
[0195] In S810, the T-UEs transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCHetc. ) to the T-gNBs based on the transmission parameters.
[0196] In the communication method provided in some implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based the resource type of the target resource. The transmission parameter is further based on the second information, and the second information is indicative of network interference from another network or another terminal device in the current network. Therefore, it helps to identify the source of interference and provide the required information at the TN regarding the NTN condition in order to minimize the interference at NTN-UEs; and it is conducive to mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance. As a result, it may reduce the contention within the TN and NTN, reduce the interference inter TN and NTN, improve the overall QoS and spectral efficiency in the network, and realize spectrum sharing between the TN and NTN.
[0197] In some implementations, the terminal device may obtain third information, and the third information is indicative of time intervals during which first beams of a non-terrestrial transmission reception point (NTN TRP) are active; and the terminal device may obtain the transmission parameter based on the first information and the third information.
[0198] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the impact of the TN and the NTN on each other during signal transmission may be minimized by considering a beam hopping mechanism for the NTN, where the satellite schedules beam activation and deactivation based on a BHPT. Therefore, the satellite broadcasts the BHPT to the TN-UEs and / or T-gNBs, indicating the time intervals during which specific beams for the TN-UEs and / or T-gNBs are active. The terminal device may make decisions regarding spectrum usage and competition avoidance strategies based on the time intervals during which specific beams for the TN-UEs and / or T-gNBs are active, which may reduce competition within the TN and NTN networks. Therefore, the communication method shown in FIG. 9 will be described in detail.
[0199] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of another communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, the base stations include T-gNBs and S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs. The communication method 900 includes the following steps.
[0200] In S901, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs.
[0201] In S902, the T-UEs send RS measurements to the T-gNBs.
[0202] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs, and the T-UEs send RS measurements to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0203] In S903, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs.
[0204] In S904, the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite.
[0205] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs, and the NTN-UEs sends RS measurements to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0206] In S905, the S-Satellite may send BHPTs to the T-gNBs.
[0207] In S906, the T-gNBs send a resource type (RT) indicative of at least one resource, RRC signalings and BHPTs to the TN-UEs.
[0208] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the T-gNBs may configure the resource type (RT) into their configured authorization (CG) configuration, which may provide more insights to the terminal device. After receiving the BHPTs, the T-UEs may adjust their transmission parameters based on the schedule of active beams and the resource type.
[0209] In the time intervals during which the first beams are inactive, the resource type of the selected resource is the shared type. In the time intervals during which the first beams are active, the resource type of the selected resource is the dedicated type. By limiting the number of beams for the terminal device during initial access and considering the impact of one network on another network, the complexity and duration of the beam sweeping process may be significantly reduced, which will lead to improving the energy efficiency of the NTN-UEs.
[0210] The following implementations of the present disclosure will be described in consideration of two cases of a single CG configuration and multiple CG configurations.
[0211] In the first case of a single CG configuration, the shared-type resource is configured for each terminal device; in this case, the terminal device needs to adjust its transmission parameter based on the BHPT. It should be noted that the T-UE only transmit when a corresponding NTN beam is not scheduled for the time interval.
[0212] In the second case of multiple CG configurations, a combination of shared-type resource and dedicated-type resource is configured for each terminal device; during the active beam intervals, the T-UE may prioritize a dedicated spectrum for transmission, and the dedicated spectrum may have a dedicated-type resource, to minimize competition with the NTN-UE and optimize network performance; and during the inactive beam intervals, the T-UE may use an available resource for transmission to select the shared spectrum, and the shared spectrum may have a shared-type resource.
[0213] In S907, the T-UEs adjust the UL transmission parameters.
[0214] In S908, the T-UEs transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCH etc. ) to the T-gNBs based on the transmission parameters.
[0215] In the communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based the resource type of the target resource. The transmission parameter in some implementations of the present disclosure also is further based on the information indicative of the time intervals during which the first beams of the NTN TRP are active. Therefore, by using the BHPT, the UE may intelligently select between dedicated-type and shared-type spectrum resources, which may reduce contention within two networks, reduce interference inter networks, and improve the overall QoS and spectral efficiency in the network.
[0216] In some implememtations of the present disclosure, the communication method may be performed by the NTN-terminal device; the terminal device may obtain fourth information, and the fourth information is indicative of location information of a terrestrial network transmission reception point (TN TRP) relative to the NTN terminal device and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; and the terminal device may obtain the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fourth information. The implementations of the present disclosure will introduce the processes in detail by taking the communication method shown in FIG. 10 as an example.
[0217] FIG. 10 shows a flow chart of another communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10, the base stations include T-gNBs and S-Satellite, and the terminal devices include T-UEs and NTN-UEs. The communication method 1000 includes the following steps.
[0218] In S1001, the T-gNBs send reference signals to the T-UEs.
[0219] In S1002, the T-UEs send RS measurements to the T-gNBs.
[0220] In the present disclosure, the T-gNBs sends reference signals to the T-UEs, and the T-UEs send RS measurements to the T-gNBs to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0221] In S1003, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs.
[0222] In S1004, the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite.
[0223] In the present disclosure, the S-Satellite sends reference signals to the NTN-UEs, and the NTN-UEs send RS measurements to the S-Satellite to monitor the connection quality and performance and measuring interference over time.
[0224] In S1005, the T-gNBs may send location information to the S-Satellite.
[0225] In some implementations, when the resource type of the target resource is the shared type, if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, an updated beam direction of the NTN terminal device is obtained.
[0226] The predefined distance threshold and the predefined RSRP threshold may be determined according to the actual application scenarios.
[0227] In some implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, one of the plurality of the resources which is associated with the dedicated type is selected as the target resource, and the transmission parameter is obtained.
[0228] In S1006, the S-Satellite sends the location information of the T-gNBs and the resource type to the NTN-UEs.
[0229] In some implementations, for the NTN-UE, the transmission parameter of the NTN-UE may be adjusted based on the proximity of the NTN-UE to the T-gNB to minimize the impact of the T-UE scheduling. The T-gNB may send its location information directly to the NTN-UE, or the NTN-UE may receive the location information from the satellite. When the NTN-UE obtains the location information of the T-gNB, the NTN-UE may monitor its own location relative to the T-gNB. In addition, the NTN-UE may detect a strong TN signal indicating the proximity to a TN cell by monitoring a TN pilot signal on the shared spectrum and evaluating an RSRP level.
[0230] In S1007, the NTN-UEs adjust the UL transmission parameters.
[0231] In S1008, the NTT-UEs and the S-Satellite transmit signals through channels (e.g., uplink channels and / or PUSCHs etc. ) based on the transmission parameters.
[0232] In the following implementations of the present disclosure, two cases of a single CG configuration and multiple CG configurations will be described below.
[0233] In the first case of a single CG configuration, the shared-type resource is configured for each terminal device; in this case, by using the location of the T-gNB, the NTN-UE readjusts its beam to maintain communication with the satellite without pointing towards the T-gNB.
[0234] In the second case of multiple CG configurations, a combination of shared-type resource and dedicated-type resource is configured for each terminal device; when the distance of the NTN-UE to the T-gNB is less than the predefined distance threshold, or when the RSRP exceeds the predefined RSRP threshold, it indicates close proximity to the TN cell, then the NTN-UE may select a dedicated NTN spectrum, that is, select a dedicated-type resource, for transmission.
[0235] The adaptive behavior mentioned in the above two cases allows the NTN-UE to opportunistically utilize dedicated or shared spectrum resources to minimize contention with the TN UE and maintain a reliable communication link.
[0236] In the communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based on the resource type of the target resource. The transmission parameter in the present disclosure also is further based on the information indicative of the time intervals during which the first beams of the NTN TRP are active. Also, in consideration of the location information of the T-gNB relative to the NTN terminal device and / or the RSRP, by using the BHPT and the location awareness, the UE may intelligently select between dedicated-type and shared-type spectrum resources, which may reduce contention within two networks, reduce interference inter networks, and improve the overall QoS and spectral efficiency in the network.
[0237] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device may obtain fifth information, and the fifth information is indicative of a listening period for the communication device to check a channel and / or collision avoidance protocols; and the terminal device obtains the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fifth information. Therefore, it may be possible to ensure that small data transmissions are handled efficiently and effectively in integrated TN and NTN operating on the shared spectrum.
[0238] It should be noted that a listening period for the shared-type resource is greater than a listening period for the dedicated-type resource.
[0239] In some implementations, the terminal device may dynamically adjust the transmission parameter based on the resource type, and may optimize its SDT in terms of power efficiency, reliability and latency. For the SDT, fast and reliable access to the channel is essential to ensure timely delivery of data.
[0240] Small data packets for the SDT are usually transmitted sporadically, any collision may lead to significant delays. Therefore, when using the shared-type resource, the terminal device may increase the listening period and better detect and avoid potential collisions.
[0241] When the dedicated-type resource is used, since the risk of collision is low, the terminal device may directly use a standard listening period, to conserve energy and transmit signals efficiently.
[0242] For the collision avoidance protocol, since data packet loss and retransmission may increase latency and reduce efficiency, an effective collision avoidance protocol is vital for the SDT to prevent the data packet loss and retransmission.
[0243] In some implementations of the present disclosure, when using the shared-type resource, the terminal device may implement an advanced collision avoidance protocol, such as LBT or CSMA, and the advanced collision avoidance protocol is not specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure. The advanced collision avoidance protocol may help ensure that the small data packet is transmitted without interference, thus reducing the need for retransmission and improving the overall transmission efficiency. When using the dedicated-type resource, since the risk of collision is minimal, a simplified collision mechanism may be used to enable the terminal device to transmit the small data packet quickly and efficiently without the overhead of a complex collision avoidance protocol.
[0244] It should be noted that, the existence of multi-beam non-terrestrial devices is considered, where the same non-terrestrial device may cover multiple terrestrial devices under a single beam. The non-terrestrial device may function transparently by facilitating communication between the terminal devices and the base stations without undergoing demodulation or re-modulation. Alternatively, the non-terrestrial device may operate regeneratively using on-board processing capabilities to, for instance, demodulate UL signals and modulate DL signals between the terminal devices and the base stations. Therefore, in a certain scenario, references to functions typically performed by a base station may also be performed by a terminal device or another type of network AP in the wireless terrestrial network.
[0245] It should be noted that, the communication method described in some implementaitons of the present disclosure may mainly be applied to mobile network operators that provide wireless communication services. In addition, the communication method described in some implementaitons of the present disclosure may also be valuable to communication equipment manufacturers that develop and supply network infrastructure components such as base stations, antennas, and signal processing equipment. In addition, the market size may also be expanded beyond traditional MNOs and includes industry verticals that heavily rely on wireless communication systems. For example, wireless networks are widely used in sectors such as transportation, healthcare, logistics, and smart cities. Moreover, the market size may be influenced by the adoption and growth of emerging technologies future networks, Internet of Things (IoT) , and autonomous vehicles. These technologies require robust and efficient communication systems, making improvements in handover signaling and initial access procedures highly relevant.
[0246] In the communication method provided by the implementations of the present disclosure, since the terminal device obtains a corresponding transmission parameter based on different types of target resources, the transmission parameter is determined based the resource type of the target resource, and the communication is performed based on the transmission parameter using the target resource. As a result, it is conducive to mitigating the interference between different networks and improving the communication performance. Furthermore, in some implementations, the transmission parameter may be further based on the second information, and the second information is indicative of network interference from another network or another terminal device in the current network. Therefore, it helps to identify the source of interference and provide the required information at the TN regarding the NTN condition in order to minimize the interference at NTN-UEs. Moreover, in some implementations, the transmission parameter may be further based on the information indicative of the time intervals during which the first beams of the NTN TRP are active. Also, in consideration of the location information of the T-gNB relative to the NTN terminal device and / or the RSRP, by using the BHPT and the location awareness, the UE may intelligently select between dedicated-type and shared-type spectrum resources, which may reduce contention within two networks, reduce interference inter networks, and improve the overall QoS and spectral efficiency in the network. In addition, it may lead to cost savings for both network operators and end-users. By leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum resources more efficiently, the terminal devices don not need to RF front-end adjustments to access multiple networks, and operators may avoid the expenses associated with deploying separate networks or upgrading terminal device components.
[0247] FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 1110 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 1120 within a communication system (e.g. the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 1110 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 1120 may be a network node (the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 1110, and one apparatus 1120 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 1110 and / or number of apparatus 1120 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0248] The apparatus 1110 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 1110 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a singleantenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 1110 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 1110 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 1110 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0249] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 1110. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0250] The apparatus 1110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for faciltating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0251] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 810 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 1110. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 1110 to perform the operations of: A) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: Preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 1120, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 1120, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 1110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 1120. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 1120. In some implementations, the processor 210may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 1120.
[0252] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0253] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0254] The apparatus 1120 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 820 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 820 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 1120 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 1120 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 1120 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0255] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 1120 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 1120 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 1120 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 1120 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 1110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 1120. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 1120. In some implementations, the apparatus 1120 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 1110, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0256] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: Preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 1110, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 1110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 1120, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 1120. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 1120. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 1110, determining where to deploy another apparatus 1120, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 1110 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 1120. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 1120 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 1120 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 1120, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implemenations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 1120 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 1120. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as "configured grant" ) resources.
[0257] The apparatus 1120 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 1120. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0258] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 andthe memory 258 may be implemeted as part of the processor 260.
[0259] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0260] The apparatus 1120 and / or the apparatus 1110 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0261] Note that the term "signaling" , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110a) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0262] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, "information" , when different from "message" , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0263] FIG. 12 illustrates an example apparatus 1210 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 1210 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 1210 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 1210 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 1210 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 1110. In some implementations, the apparatus 1210 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 1120.
[0264] In an example, the apparatus 1210 may include one or more processors 1211, and an interface circuit 1212. The apparatus 1210 may further include a memory 1213. The one or more processors 1211 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 1213 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 1211 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1213 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 1213 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 1213 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 1211. In some implementations, the memory 1213 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 1213 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 1211. Thus, the memory 1213 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 1211 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 1212 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 1212 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 1212. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 1212. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 1214 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0265] The apparatus 1210 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 1110s (or 320s) , in some scenarios, or may be included witin the processor 210s (or 260s) within the apparatus 1110s (or 320s) in some scenarios. The apparatus 1210 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 1210 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 1110 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 1210 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 1210 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 1110 (or 320) .
[0266] FIG. 13 illustrates example apparatus 1310 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus (which may also be referred to as a communication device) 1310 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus (i.e., the communication device) 1310 includes a processing unit 1312 and a communication unit 1313. Optionally, the apparatus 1310 may further include a storage unit 1311 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0267] In some implementations, the communication unit 1313 is configured to obtain first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource is associated with a resource type, and the resource type includes one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; the processing unit 1312 is configured to obtain a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter includes at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, where the target resource belongs to the at least one resource; and the communication unit 1313 is further configured to perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0268] In some implementations, the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on second information, and the second information is indicative of network interference from another network or another communication device in a current network.
[0269] In some implementations, the network interference comprises a co-channel interference (CCI) or an adjacent channel interference (ACI) .
[0270] In some implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; the processing unit is configured to select one of the plurality of the resources as the target resource and obtain the transmission parameter.
[0271] In some implementations, the communication unit 1313 is further configured to obtain third information, and the third information is indicative of time intervals during which first beams of a non-terrestrial transmission reception point (NTN TRP) are active; and the processing unit 1312 is configured to obtain the transmission parameter based on the first information and the third information.
[0272] In some implementations, in the time intervals during which the first beams are inactive, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the shared type.
[0273] In some implementations, in the time intervals during which the first beams are active, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the dedicated type.
[0274] In some implementations, the communication device is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) terminal device; the communication unit 1313 is further configured to obtain fourth information, the fourth information indicative of a location information of a terrestrial network transmission reception point (TN TRP) relative to the NTN terminal device and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; and the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on the fourth information.
[0275] In some implementations, the processing unit 1312 is further configured to, in a case where the resource type of the target resource is the shared type, if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, obtain an updated beam direction of the NTN terminal device.
[0276] In some implementations, the at least one resource includes a plurality of resources; and the processing unit 1312 is configured to, if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, select one of the plurality of the resources which is associated with the dedicated type as the target resource and obtain the transmission parameter.
[0277] In some implementations, the at least one resource belongs to licensed resources.
[0278] In some implementations, the communication unit 1313 is configured to obtain fifth information indicative of a listening period for the communication device to check a channel and / or collision avoidance protocols; and the processing unit 1312 is configured to obtain the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fifth information.
[0279] In some implementations, transmission power for a dedicated-type resource is less than transmission power for a shared-type resource; and an MCS for the dedicated-type resource is greater than an MCS for the shared-type resource.
[0280] In some implementations, the at least one resource comprises at least one of: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, or a spatial resource.
[0281] In some implementations, the at least one resource belongs to at least one of: a cell, a component carrier, or a BWP.
[0282] In some implementations, the at least one resource is pre-defined; alternatively, the at least one resource is dynamically scheduled.
[0283] In some implementations, the first information is obtained through a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration messaging comprising at least one of common configurations or dedicated configurations.
[0284] In some implementations the communication unit 1313 is configured to transmit physical signals and / or channels (for example, physical channels, PUSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PDSCH etc, ) based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.
[0285] As for the description of the above functional units, reference may be made to all relevant contents of steps involved in the implementations of the communication method described above, and details will not be repeated here.
[0286] The apparatus 1310 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 1310 may be the apparatus 1110. The processing unit 1312 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 1313 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 1311 may be the memory 208.
[0287] The apparatus 1310 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 1310 may be apparatus 1120. The processing unit 1312 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 1313 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 1311 may be the memory 258.
[0288] In some implementations, when the apparatus 1310 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 1310 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 1313 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0289] In some implementations, when the apparatus 1310 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110 such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core-afunction of the processing unit 1312 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 1313 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0290] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 1310 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0291] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0292] In an example, the storage unit 1311 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0293] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0294] Memory ora storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: A random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, ora hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory ora storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, ora register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0295] In the present disclosure, the terms "a" , an "and" one "are defined to mean" at least one" , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0296] In the present disclosure, terms such as "substantially" , "generally" and "about" , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary implementation for its intended application.
[0297] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms "connected" and "coupled" , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0298] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "match" , "matching" and "matched" , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only "exactly" or "identically" matching the two elements but also "substantially" , "approximately or" subjectively "matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0299] In the present disclosure, the expression "based on" is intended to mean "based at least partly on" , that is, this expression can mean "based solely on or" based partially on" , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression "based on" could also be understood as meaning "depending on" , "representative of" , "indicative of" , "associated with" or similar expressions.
[0300] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in implementations of the present disclosure. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, An and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only An exists, both An and B exist, and only B exists, where An and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " usually indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, An and B, An and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including A, B, C, An and B, An and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of the present disclosure are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence A time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0301] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, an appartus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, ora computer program product. Therefore, the implementations of the present disclosure may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the implementations of the present disclosure may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0302] The implementations of the present disclosure are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to the implementations of the present disclosure. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0303] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0304] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0305] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, performed at a communication device, comprising:obtaining first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, wherein the resource type comprises one of: a shared type or a dedicated type;obtaining a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter comprising at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, wherein the target resource belongs to the at least one resource; andperforming communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on second information, the second information indicative of network interference from another network or another communication device in a current network.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the network interference comprises a co-channel interference (CCI) or an adjacent channel interference (ACI) .4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one resource comprises a plurality of resources; andthe method further comprising:selecting one of the plurality of the resources as the target resource.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:obtaining third information, the third information indicative of time intervals during which first beams of a non-terrestrial transmission reception point (NTN TRP) are active; andwherein the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on the third information.6.The method of claim 5, wherein in the time intervals during which the first beams are inactive, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the shared type.7.The method of claim 5, wherein in the time intervals during which the first beams are active, the resource type of the selected one of the plurality of the resources is the dedicated type.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the communication device is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) terminal device; the method further comprises:obtaining fourth information, the fourth information indicative of location information of a terrestrial network transmission reception point (TN TRP) relative to the NTN terminal device and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; andwherein the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on the fourth information.9.The method of claim 8, wherein obtaining the transmission parameter based on the first information and the fourth information, comprises:in a case where the resource type of the target resource is the shared type, if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, obtaining an updated beam direction of the NTN terminal device.10.The method of claim 8, further comprising:if a distance value corresponding to the location information is less than a predefined distance threshold and / or the RSRP is greater than or equal to a predefined RSRP threshold, selecting one of the plurality of the resources which is associated with the dedicated type as the target resource.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one resource belongs to licensed resources.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:obtaining fifth information indicative of a listening period for the communication device to check a channel and / or collision avoidance protocols;wherein the obtaining the transmission parameter is further based on the fifth information.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein transmission power for a dedicated-type resource is less than transmission power for a shared-type resource; and an MCS for the dedicated-type resource is greater than an MCS for the shared-type resource.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the at least one resource comprises at least one of: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, or a spatial resource.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one resource belongs to at least one of: a cell, a component carrier, or a bandwidth part (BWP) .16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the at least one resource is pre-defined; orthe at least one resource is dynamically scheduled.17.The method of claim 1, wherein the first information is obtained through a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration messaging comprising at least one of common configurations or dedicated configurations.18.The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein performing the communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource, comprises:transmitting physical signals and / or channels based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.19.A communication device, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.20.The device of claim 19, wherein the device comprises:a communication unit configured to obtain first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, wherein the resource type comprises one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; anda processing unit configured to obtain a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter comprising at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, wherein the target resource belongs to the at least one resource;wherein the communication unit is further configured to perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.21.The device of claim 19, wherein the device comprises:an interface circuit configured to obtain first information indicative of at least one resource, each resource associated with a resource type, wherein the resource type comprises one of: a shared type or a dedicated type; andone or more processors configured to obtain a transmission parameter for target resource based on the first information, the transmission parameter comprising at least one of: transmission power, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) , or a beam direction, wherein the target resource belongs to the at least one resource;wherein the interface circuit is further configured to perform communication based on the transmission parameter using the target resource.22.The device of claim 21, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.23.An apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.24.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.25.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.
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