User equipment assistance information for energy-efficient idle or inactive mode mobility

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE. The UE may communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

USER EQUIPMENT ASSISTANCE INFORMATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT IDLE OR INACTIVE MODE MOBILITYCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 815,223 filed on August 26, 2024, entitled “USER EQUIPMENT ASSISTANCE INFORMATION FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT IDLE OR INACTIVE MODE MOBILITY,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for user equipment (UE) assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility.BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples). Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC- FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR). NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (loT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-0097-5598PCT 1device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication), massive multiple -input multiple-output (MIMO), disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high- precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0006] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0007] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0008] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0009] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples of registration areas for idle or inactive mode UE mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0010] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0011] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0012] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0013] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0014] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.SUMMARY

[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication. The UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors0097-5598PCT 2coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE. The method may include communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0018] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode. The method may include communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0019] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0020] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instmctions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 3

[0021] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the apparatus, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the apparatus. The apparatus may include means for communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the apparatus.

[0022] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode. The apparatus may include means for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0023] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.

[0024] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition,0097-5598PCT 4the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0026] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0027] A user equipment (UE) may operate in a connected mode (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode), an idle mode (e.g., an RRC idle mode), or an inactive state (e.g., RRC inactive mode), with respect to one or more cells provided by one or more network nodes. The connected mode (e.g., the RRC connected mode) may also be referred to as a “connected state,” an “active mode,” or an “active state.” The idle mode (e.g., the RRC idle mode) may also be referred to as an “idle state.” The inactive mode (e.g., the RRC inactive mode) may also be referred to as an “inactive state.” The UE may transition between different connection modes (e.g., the connected mode, the idle mode, and / or the inactive mode) based at least in part on various commands and / or communications (referred to herein, interchangeably as “messages”) received from the one or more network nodes. When the UE is powered-on, the UE may be in the idle state, and the UE can transition to the connected state (e.g., with an initial attachment / registration to the network and / or with establishment of a network connection). For example, when the UE is operating in the connected mode (e.g., the RRC connected mode) with respect to a serving cell provided by a network node, an RRC connection may exist between the UE and the serving cell (sometimes referred to as a “source cell,” e.g., in the context of mobility operations in which the UE switches connection from the source cell to another cell, referred to as a “target cell”). When the UE is operating in the connected mode, data communications may be transmitted between the UE and the serving cell.

[0028] In some cases, the UE may transition from the connected mode to a non-connected mode such as the inactive mode (e.g., the RRC inactive mode) or the idle mode (e.g., the RRC idle mode). For example, if there is no activity from the UE for a threshold amount of time, the serving cell of the UE may trigger the UE to transition to the inactive mode or the idle mode. When the UE is in the RRC inactive mode, data communications are not actively being sent, but the UE and / or the network node that provides the serving cell may maintain information for0097-5598PCT 5efficiently re-establishing an RRC connection with the serving cell (e.g., and returning to the RRC connected mode). When the UE is in the RRC idle mode, such information for efficiently reconnecting with the serving cell is generally not maintained at either the UE or the network node, and the UE may perform an access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) to reestablish a connection to the serving cell or a target cell.

[0029] When the UE is in the idle mode or the inactive mode and the network has data to be transmitted to the UE, the network may page the UE by transmitting a paging message via one or more cells. The UE, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode may periodically measure for paging messages in paging occasions. When the UE receives a paging message, the UE may re-establish an RRC connection with a cell to switch to the connected mode and receive one or more downlink communications. In some examples, a UE may be capable of idle mode or inactive mode mobility. That is, the UE may move between cells (e.g., provided by different network nodes) while in the idle mode or the inactive mode. In this case, the network may track the UE’s location in order to determine which cell (or cells) to use to transmit paging for the UE.

[0030] In some examples, the idle or inactive UE’s location may be tracked at a granularity of a tracking area (TA) (e.g., for the idle mode) or a radio access network (RAN) notification area (RNA) (e.g., for the inactive mode). A TA or an RNA (TA / RNA) is a set of multiple cells that are grouped together for tracking the location of a UE in the idle mode or the inactive mode. A TA / RNA may be registered for the UE, and if the UE exits the registered TA / RNA for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode, the UE may be required to reconnect / re- register (e.g., switch to the connected mode) to notify the network (e.g., to update the registered TA / RNA for the UE). If the UE is to be paged, the network may transmit the paging message via all of the cells included in the TA / RNA in which the UE is located (e.g., the current registered TA / RNA for the UE). Large TAs / RNAs may result in less frequent location updates by the UE, and thus less UE power consumption. However, large TAs / RNAs may result in increased paging overhead and network energy consumption. Small TAs / RNAs may result in less paging overhead and network energy consumption, but more frequency location updates by the UE, and thus increased UE power consumption. Accordingly, efficient tracking of idle / inactive UEs and / or efficient configuration of TAs / RNAs for idle / inactive UEs is important for balancing UE and network power savings.

[0031] Various aspects relate generally to UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility. Some aspects more specifically relate to a framework for a UE to provide assistance information associated with a paging ratio of the UE. The paging ratio may be a measure or prediction of how often a UE is paged while in the idle mode or the inactive mode. In some aspects, a UE may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE. The paging ratio may be associated with the idle mode or the inactive mode of0097-5598PCT 6the UE. The UE may communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In some examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to a network node. In some examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to a core network device, which may forward the paging information to the network node and / or other core network devices. In some aspects, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, configuration information indicating a registration area (e.g., a TA / RNA) for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0032] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by the UE transmitting the assistance information to a network entity (e.g., a network node or a core network device), the described techniques can be used to enable the network to efficiently balance power UE and network power savings associated with idle mode and inactive mode UE location updates and paging overhead. In some examples, by configuring the registration area (e.g., TA / RNA) for the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, the described techniques can be used to configure the registration area to balance the UE and network power savings. For example, if the paging ratio for the UE is expected to be very low, the UE may be configured with a large registration area such that the UE may freely move over an extended area without re-registering / reconnecting, resulting in reduced UE power consumption. In this example, the UE would be rarely paged, so the network energy consumption associated with transmitting the paging over the large registration area may be manageable.

[0033] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (inMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (loT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0034] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-0097-5598PCT 7terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, loT (including passive or ambient loT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0035] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 1 lOd. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.

[0036] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.

[0037] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles.0097-5598PCT 8Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz), which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics orFR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4- 1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0038] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a RAN.

[0039] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures). For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or0097-5598PCT 9facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.

[0040] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance), or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN), to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.

[0041] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT), an inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.

[0042] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.

[0043] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3 GPP, the term “cell” can refer0097-5598PCT 10to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node).

[0044] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts), whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0045] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Un” link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to0097-5598PCT 11transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs). Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs), and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs). The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.

[0046] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols), frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs). A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs). A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor), leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.

[0047] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “lAB-donor”). The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For0097-5598PCT 12example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF). An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “lAB-nodes”). Each nonanchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.

[0048] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network.” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 1 lOd (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.

[0049] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet), an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning0097-5598PCT 13System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.

[0050] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on- chips (SoCs), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry”). One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.

[0051] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry”). One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem). In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In0097-5598PCT 14some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.

[0052] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC), UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs”. An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered loT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband loT) devices. An loT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100).

[0053] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive loT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical loT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, fullcapability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability). A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE (“RedCap UE”), a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission- critical loT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, loT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.

[0054] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary). As an example, the0097-5598PCT 15UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to- device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.

[0055] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to halfduplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve timedivision duplexing (TDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources). By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full- duplex operation may involve frequency -division duplexing (FDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.0097-5598PCT 16

[0056] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency -network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0057] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE 120, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE 120; and communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE 120. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0058] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0059] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.

[0060] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0061] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t > 1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v > 1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 234, the modem(s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more0097-5598PCT 17processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.

[0062] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0063] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0064] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue). In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS(s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and0097-5598PCT 18provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS)).

[0065] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.

[0066] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.

[0067] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232), may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control0097-5598PCT 19information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.

[0068] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.

[0069] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.

[0070] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI), and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.

[0071] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r > 1), a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u > 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 252, the modem(s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with0097-5598PCT 20processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0072] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120), and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.

[0073] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE), one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RS SI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RS SI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.

[0074] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the0097-5598PCT 21TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP -OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0075] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0076] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.0097-5598PCT 22

[0077] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.

[0078] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or subelements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal(s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.

[0079] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a0097-5598PCT 23larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.

[0080] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0081] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110). The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via Fl interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

[0082] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.

[0083] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules)0097-5598PCT 24hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0084] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of nonvirtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an 01 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 380, via an 01 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective 01 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0085] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy -based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.

[0086] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an 01 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al interface policies).0097-5598PCT 25

[0087] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component(s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component(s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors). The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types). The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types). For example, the set of instmctions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

[0088] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., the UE 120) includes means for transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE; and / or means for communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0089] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., the network node 110) includes means for receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode; and / or means for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232,0097-5598PCT 26antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0090] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.

[0091] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400 and 410 of registration areas for idle or inactive mode UE mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0092] A TA is a set of multiple cells that are grouped together for tracking the location of a UE in an idle mode (e.g., an RRC idle mode). An RNA is a set of multiple cells that are grouped together for tracking the location of a UE in an inactive mode (e.g., an RRC inactive mode). As used herein, “registration area” may refer to a TA, an RNA, and / or any other group of cells (or geographical area including multiple cells) used for tracking idle or inactive mode mobility of a UE.

[0093] As shown in examples 400 and 410 of Fig. 4, a location of a UE 120 in the idle mode or the inactive mode may be tracked at a granularity of a registration area 405 (shown as 405a- 405e). For example, the registration areas 405 may be TA (e.g., for idle mode mobility tracking of the UE 120) or an RNA (e.g., for inactive mode mobility tracking of the UE 120). A current registration area 405 (e.g., 405a in example 400, 405b in example 410) may be registered for the UE 120, and if the UE 120 exits the current registration area 405 while in the idle mode or the inactive mode, the UE 120 may be required to reconnect / re-register (e.g., switch to the connected mode) to notify the network (e.g., to update the current registration area 405 for the UE 120). If the UE 120 is to be paged, the network may transmit a paging message for the UE 120 via all of the cells included in the registration area 405 in which the UE is located (e.g., the current registration area 405 for the UE 120). That is, the paging message may be transmitted by the network nodes 110 associated with all of the cells in the current registration area 405 for the UE 120.

[0094] Example 400 shows an example of a large registration area 405a (e.g., including a large quantity of cells). Example 410 shows an example of small registration areas 405b, 405c, 405d, and 405e. As shown in Fig. 4, the quantity of cells included in the large registration area 405a of example 400 are divided among the four small registration areas 405b, 405c, 405d, and 405e of example 410. The large registration area 405a (e.g., TA / RNA) of example 400 may result in less frequent location updates by the UE 120, and thus less power consumption by the UE 120, as compared with the small registration areas 405b-405e of example 410. However, the large registration area 405a of example 400 may result in increased paging overhead (e.g., due to transmitting paging messages via a larger number of cells), and thus increased network energy consumption, as compared with the small registration areas 405b, 405c, 405d, and 405e of example 410. The small registration areas 405b, 405c, 405d, and 405e (e.g., TAs / RNAs) of0097-5598PCT 27example 410 may result in reduced paging overhead and network energy consumption, as compared with the large registration area 405a of example 400. However, the small registration areas 405b, 405c, 405d, and 405e (e.g., TAs / RNAs) of example 410 may result in more frequency location updates by the UE 120, and thus increased power consumption by the UE 120, as compared with the large registration area 405a of example 400. Accordingly, efficient tracking of idle / inactive UEs and / or efficient configmation of registration areas (e.g., TAs / RNAs) for idle / inactive UEs is important for balancing UE and network power savings.

[0095] In some cases, a UE (e.g., the UE 120) may be mobile and the trajectory of the UE may be predictable. In such examples, prediction of the trajectory of the UE in the idle mode or the inactive mode (e.g., by the UE and / or by the network) may improve the efficiency of the idle / inactive mode location tracking of the UE by reducing a frequency a location updates performed by the UE without increasing the paging overhead for paging the UE. The trajectory of the UE may be predicted as a list of one or multiple beams, cells, or zones and an expected time duration for the UE to stay in each beam / cell / zone. If the UE has the predicted trajectory information, the UE may suggest to the network (e.g., to a network node), a configuration for a tracking zone of the UE (e.g., which cells / beams to be included in each zone and / or a periodic location update timer for the UE). If the network has the predicted trajectory information, the network may locate the UE in the idle mode or the inactive mode more efficiently when the UE is to be paged. If both the UE and the network node have the predicted trajectory information, the overhead of the UE’s location update procedure may be reduced by allowing the UE to skip registration while following the predicted trajectory. In this case, there may be a fallback solution (e.g., via a location or trajectory update) when the UE’s location does not match the predicted trajectory or when there is a change of trajectory. Although the trajectory prediction can improve the efficiency of the idle / inactive mode tracking of a UE, the trajectory of a UE may not always be predictable.

[0096] In some aspects, the paging ratio of a UE in the idle or inactive mode may be a key factor (e.g., separate from or in addition to the trajectory prediction) in efficiently configuring a registration area (e.g., TA / RNA) for the UE. The paging ratio may be a measure or prediction of how often a UE is paged while in the idle mode or the inactive mode (e.g., a measure of how often the network has downlink traffic for the UE while the UE is in the idle mode or the inactive mode). For example, the paging ratio may correspond to expected percentage of paging occasions in which the UE is paged or a probability of the UE being paged over a time duration, among other examples. If the UE’s paging ratio is very low (or expected to be very low), the UE may be configured with a larger registration area (e.g., TA / RNA), such that the UE can move freely over an extended area without being required to re-register or re-connect with the network, resulting in reduced UE power consumption. In this case, because the UE would be rarely paged, the network energy consumption associated with transmitting the paging over the0097-5598PCT 28large registration area may be manageable. If the network has information associated with the UE’s paging ratio (e.g., if the network can estimate or predict the UE’s paging ratio), the network may leverage this information to efficiently configure the registration area (e.g., TA / RNA) for the UE to balance power savings for the UE and the network. However, in many cases, it may be the UE that learns (or is capable of learning) a traffic pattern of the UE (and thus the paging ratio) over time and space (e.g., location).

[0097] Various aspects described herein relate to a framework for a UE to provide, to the network, assistance information associated with a paging ratio of the UE. In some aspects, a UE may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE. The paging ratio may be associated with the idle mode or the inactive mode of the UE. In some examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to a network node. In some examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to a core network device, which may forward the paging information to the network node and / or other core network devices. The network node may communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, configuration information indicating a registration area (e.g., a TA / RNA) for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In this way, the network may efficiently configure the registration area for the UE to balance power UE and network power savings.

[0098] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 4.

[0099] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, example 500 includes communication between one or more network entities (shown as NE(s)) and a UE (e.g., UE 120). In some aspects, the one or more network entities may include one or more network nodes (e.g., network node 110, CU 310, DU 330, and / or RU 340) and / or one or more core network devices (e.g., one or more core network devices associated with an AMF and / or one or more other core networks devices). In some aspects, the operations of the one or more network entities described in connection with Fig. 5 may performed by a same network entity or by different network entities.

[0100] As shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 505, in some aspects, the UE may transmit, and a network entity may receive, an indication alerting the network entity of assistance information to be transmitted by the UE. That is, the UE may transmit the indication to indicate that the UE has assistance information to share with the network (e.g., with the network entity). In some aspects, the indication may alert the network entity of assistance information associated with a paging ratio of the UE for an idle mode and / or an inactive mode of the UE. In some aspects, the indication may include one bit or multiple bits (e.g., a few bits)0097-5598PCT 29to advertise that the UE has the assistance information and / or a type of the assistance information (e.g., assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE). In some examples, the UE may transmit the indication (e.g., to a network node) via a PUCCH communication (e.g., in UCI) or a PUSCH communication. In some examples, the UE may transmit the indication (e.g., to a core network device, such as the AMF) via non-access stratum (NAS) signaling.

[0101] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 510, in some aspects, a network entity may transmit, and the UE may receive, an indication requesting the assistance information from the UE. In some aspects, the network entity may transmit the indication requesting the assistance information in connection with receiving the indication alerting the network entity of assistance information. That is, in response to receiving the indication alerting the network entity of assistance information, the network entity may indicate, to the UE, whether the network entity wants (or requires) the UE to share the assistance information. In some aspects, the indication transmitted by the network entity may request the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In some examples, the network entity (e.g., a network node) may transmit, to the UE, the indication requesting the assistance information via a downlink communication. For example, the indication requesting the assistance information may be transmitted via RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, or DCI, among other examples. In this case, the network entity (e.g., the network node) may also transmit, to the UE (e.g., together with the indication requesting the assistance information or in a separate downlink communication from the indication requesting the assistance information), an uplink grant indicating uplink resources to be used by the UE to transmit the assistance information. In some examples, the network entity (e.g., a core network device, such as the AMF) may transmit, to the UE, the indication requesting the assistance information via NAS signaling.

[0102] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 515, the UE may transmit, and a network entity may receive, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. The paging ratio may be associated with at least one of an idle mode (e.g., an RRC idle mode) or an inactive mode (e.g., an RRC inactive mode) of the UE. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate the paging ratio for the UE. The paging ratio indicated in the assistance information may be a paging ratio for the idle mode, a paging ratio for the inactive mode, or a paging ratio for both the idle mode and the inactive mode. In some aspects, the paging ratio may be an expected paging ratio for the UE in the idle mode and / or the inactive mode. In some aspects, the UE may determine the expected ratio based at least in part on a historic traffic pattern of the UE.

[0103] In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate an expected value for the paging ratio. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate a range of values associated with the paging ratio (e.g., an expected range of values for the paging ratio). In some0097-5598PCT 30aspects, the assistance information may indicate an index value associated with the paging ratio (e.g., the expected paging ratio). In this case, different index values may correspond to respective levels (e.g., ranges of values) of paging ratios, and the assistance information may indicate the index value associated with the level (e.g., the expected level) of the paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate a historic paging ratio for the UE. In such aspects, the historic paging ratio may be a measured paging ratio for the UE in the idle mode and / or the inactive mode during a previous time duration and / or a previous number of paging occasions. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate statistics (e.g., historic or predicted statistics) associated with a traffic pattern of the UE. In this case, the network entity (e.g., the network entity that receives the assistance information from the UE or another network entity) may determine the paging ratio (e.g., the expected paging ratio) for the UE based at least in part on the statistics indicated in the assistance information.

[0104] In some aspects, the assistance information may have temporal and / or spatial attributes. In some examples, one or multiple paging ratio values (e.g., expected values, ranges of values, or index values) indicated in the assistance information may be associated with one or multiple timestamps and / or location stamps. In this case, the assistance information may indicate at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information. In some examples, the timestamp may indicate a time at which the UE transmits the assistance information (or a time at which the UE generates the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information). In some other examples, the assistance information may indicate multiple paging ratios for the UE and multiple timestamps indicating respective times at which the multiple paging ratios are applicable. The location stamp may be indicated based at least in part on a geo-location, a set of one or more cells, a set of one or more beams, a set of one or more zones, a registration area, a TA, or an RNA, among other examples. In some examples, the location stamp may indicate a current location (e.g., a current geo-location, set of one or more cells / beams / zones, registration area, TA, or RNA, among other examples) for the UE when the UE transmits the assistance information. In some other examples, the assistance information may indicate multiple paging ratios and multiple location stamps indicating respective locations (e.g., areas) in which the multiple paging locations are applicable.

[0105] In some aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE may be valid for a time duration (e.g., from when the UE transmits the assistance information). For example, the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information may be valid for the next T seconds after the UE transmits the assistance information. In some examples, the time duration may be indicated in the assistance information. In some other examples, the time duration may be preconfigured (e.g., in accordance with a wireless communication standard, such as a 3GPP wireless communication standard). In some aspects, the assistance information0097-5598PCT 31may indicate different time durations for different paging ratios indicated in the assistance information.

[0106] In some aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE may be valid for an area or location (e.g., the assistance information may be valid while the UE is located within an area). For example, the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information may only be applicable to a current registration area of the UE. In other examples, the area in which the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information is applicable may be defined based at least in part on a geo-location, a set of cells, a set of beams, or a set of zones, among other examples. In some examples, the assistance information may indicate the area in which the assistance information is valid. In some other examples, the area in which the assistance information is valid may be preconfigured (e.g., in accordance with a wireless communication standard, such as a 3GPP wireless communication standard). In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate different areas in which different paging ratios indicated in the assistance information are valid.

[0107] In some aspects, the UE may transmit the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE while operating in a connected mode (e.g., an RRC connected mode). In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate an update to previous assistance information (previously transmitted by the UE) associated with the paging ratio of the UE. In some aspects, the UE may determine, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, an update to the previously transmitted assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. That is, the UE, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, may determine that at least a portion of the previously transmitted assistance information is to be overwritten or new assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE is to be shared with or made available to the network entity. In this case, the UE may re-register or reconnect with the network. That is, the UE may perform network registration to switch to the connected mode (e.g., the RRC connected mode). The UE may then transmit, while operating in the connected mode, the update to the previously transmitted assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0108] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a network node or a core network device, such as the AMF) may share, with the UE, statistics (e.g., historic statistics or predicted statistics) associated with the paging ratio of the UE for the idle mode and / or the inactive mode. That is, the network entity may transmit, and the UE may receive, the statistics (e.g., historic statistics or predicted statistics) associated with the paging ratio of the UE. In some examples, the network entity may transmit, and the UE may receive, the statistics associated with the paging ratio of the UE along with timestamps and / or location stamps associated with the statistics. In some examples, the network entity may transmit the statistics (along with the timestamps and / or location stamps) via one or more downlink communications (e.g., via RRC signaling, one or0097-5598PCT 32more MAC-CEs, or DCI) or NAS signaling. The network entity that transmits the statistics may be the same as or different from the network entity that receives the assistance information. In some aspects, the UE may determine the assistance information based at least in part on the statistics received from the network entity. In some aspects, the UE may use the statistics received from the network entity to perform a prediction of the expected paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the UE may use the statistics received from the network entity to adjust statistics measured and / or stored at the UE, and the UE may perform of prediction of the expected paging ratio for the UE based at least in part on the adjusted statistics. In this case, the UE may use the statistics received from the network entity, together with the statistics measured and / or stored at the UE, in a collaborative learning procedure to predict the expected paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the UE may use the statistics received from the network entity as a baseline, and the UE may determine whether there is a deviation from the statistics received from the network entity (or predict whether a deviation from the statistics received from the network entity is expected). If the UE determines that there is a deviation from the statistics received from the network entity (or a deviation from the statistics received from the network entity is expected), the UE may notify the network (e.g., a network entity). In this case, the UE may transmit the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information (e.g., the paging ratio or statistics indicated in the assistance information) deviates from the statistics received from the network entity.

[0109] In some aspects, one or more application servers may provide, to the UE, information (e.g., statistics and / or other information) associated with the paging ratio for the UE. That is, an application server may transmit, and the UE may receive, information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In this case, a network entity that transmits, to the UE, statistics and / or other information associated with the paging ratio of the UE may be an application server associated with an application running / executing on the UE. In some aspects, the application server may be an application server that initiates paging of the UE (e.g., when traffic for the application executing on the UE is to be transmitted to the UE) while the UE is operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode. In some aspects, the information transmitted to the UE from the application server may when and / or where the application server may push traffic or notifications to the UE. in some aspects, the application server my transmit the information to the UE via an application programming interface (API). In some aspects, the UE may determine the assistance information based at least in part on the information received from the application server. In some aspects, the UE may use the information received from the application server to predict the paging ratio for the UE.

[0110] In some aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE may be based at least in part on an output of an AI / ML model. In some examples, the AI / ML model may be used to predict the paging ratio of the UE and / or to predict or learn other0097-5598PCT 33metrics and / or statistics relating to the paging ratio of the UE. In some aspects, the AI / ML model may be deployed at the UE and used by the UE to predict the paging ratio and / or generate the assistance information. In some aspects, the AI / ML model may be deployed at the UE in coordination with the network (e.g., one or more network entities). In this case, the AI / ML model and / or parameters of the AI / ML model may be selected via coordination between the UE and the network. In some aspects, the UE may input, to the AI / ML model, statistics and / or other information associated with traffic for the UE (e.g., statistics associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode and / or the inactive mode). In some examples, the input to the AI / ML model may include statistics maintained and / or stored at the UE, statistics received from a network entity, statistics and / or other information received from an application server, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the output of the AI / ML model may be a predicted paging ratio for the UE. In this case, the assistance information may indicate the predicted paging ratio output by the AI / ML model. In some aspects, the output of the AI / ML model may be a logical index (e.g., one or more values indicative of the paging ratio of the UE and / or other metrics). In this case, the UE may report the logical index output by the AI / ML model.[oni] In some aspects, the UE may transmit the assistance information to the AMF (e.g., a core network device associated with the AMF). In such examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to the AMF via NAS signaling. The assistance information may be associated with a paging ratio for the UE for the idle mode and / or the inactive mode. In some aspects, the AMF may perform idle mode configuration for the UE (e.g., the AMF may the idle mode / state of the UE) based at least in part on the assistance information. Additionally, or alternatively, the AMF may provide (e.g., transmit) core network assistance information to a RAN (e.g., to one or more network nodes included in the RAN), and the core network assistance information may assist the RAN to configure the inactive mode / state of the UE. In some aspects, in a case in which the UE transmits the assistance information to the AMF, the AMF may modify the core network assistance information provided to the RAN (e.g., to one or more network nodes) based at least in part on the assistance information received from the UE. In some aspects, in a case in which the UE transmits the assistance information to the AMF, the AMF may forward the assistance information received from the UE to the RAN (e.g., to one or more network nodes). For example, the AMF may forward the assistance information received from the UE to the RAN (e.g., to one or more network nodes) in the core network assistance information transmitted from the AMF to the RAN or via other signaling between the AMF and the RAN.

[0112] In some aspects, in a case in which the UE transmits the assistance information to the AMF (e.g., a core network device associated with the AMF), the AMF may forward the assistance information to other core network devices. In some aspects, the AMF may forward0097-5598PCT 34the assistance information to a session management function (SMF) (e.g., a core network device associated with the SMF). In some aspects, the assistance information may also be forwarded via the SMF to a user plane function (UPF) (e.g., a core network device associated with the UPF). That is, the SMF may receive the assistance information from the AMF, and the SMF may forward the assistance information to the AMF.

[0113] In some aspects, the UE may transmit the assistance information to a network node. That is, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, the assistance information. In some examples, the UE may transmit the assistance information to the network node via RRC signaling (e.g., in one or more RRC messages). In some other examples, the UE may use other types of uplink signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or UCI, among other examples) to transmit the assistance information to the network node.

[0114] In some aspects, the assistance information may include either or both of two types of assistance information. The two types of assistance information may include first assistance information for the idle mode and second associated information for the inactive mode.Accordingly, the assistance information, transmitted by the UE, may include at least one of the first assistance information for the idle mode or the second assistance information for the inactive mode. The first assistance information may be associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode, and the second assistance information may be associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode. In some aspects, the UE may transmit the first assistance information to a core network device (e.g., the AMF) via NAS, and the UE may transit the second assistance information to a network node via RRC signaling.

[0115] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 520, a network entity may communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0116] In some aspects, the network entity (e.g., a network node) may transmit, and the UE may receive, configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. The registration area may include a registered TA for the UE (e.g., for the idle mode) and / or a registered RNA for the UE (e.g., for the inactive mode). In some aspects, the network entity may determine and / or adjust the registration area (e.g., the registered TA and / or RNA) for the UE based at least in part on the paging ratio for the UE indicated in (or determined from) the assistance information. In some examples, the network entity may configure the UE with a larger registration area in connection with the assistance information indicating a low paging ratio for the UE. In some examples, the network entity may configure the UE with a smaller registration area in connection with the assistance information indicating a high paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the UE may receive the configuration information indicating the registration area for the UE while the UE is operating in the0097-5598PCT 35connected mode. In some examples, the configuration information indicating the registration area for the UE may be included in a downlink communication (e.g., an RRC message) including an indication for the UE to switch from the connected mode to the idle mode or the inactive mode. In another example, the configuration information indicating the registration area for the UE may be included in another downlink communication. In some aspects, the UE, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, may perform location updates for idle or inactive mode mobility tracking in accordance with the registration area indicated in the configuration information. That is, the UE may re-register or reconnect with the network to provide a location update in connection with the UE leaving the registration area indicated in the configuration.

[0117] In some aspects, the network entity (e.g., a network node) may transmit, and the UE may receive, configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the network entity may determine and / or adjust the periodicity for the periodic location update for the UE (e.g., in addition to or instead of determining / adjusting the registration area for the UE) based at least in part on the paging ratio for the UE indicated in (or determined from) the assistance information. In some examples, the network entity may configure the UE with a larger (e.g., less frequent) periodicity for the periodic location update in connection with the assistance information indicating a low paging ratio for the UE. In some examples, the network entity may configure the UE with a smaller (e.g., more frequent) periodicity for the periodic location update in connection with the assistance information indicating a high paging ratio for the UE. In some aspects, the UE may receive, while operating in the connected mode, the configuration information indicating the periodicity for the periodic location update for the UE. In some examples, the configuration information indicating the periodicity for the periodic location update for the UE may be included in a downlink communication (e.g., an RRC message) including an indication for the UE to switch from the connected mode to the idle mode or the inactive mode. In another example, the configuration information indicating the periodicity for the periodic location update for the UE may be included in another downlink communication. In some aspects, the UE, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, may perform periodic location updates in accordance with the periodicity indicated in the configuration information.

[0118] In some aspects (e.g., in addition to or instead of configuring the registration area and / or the periodicity of the periodic update for the UE based on the assistance information), the network entity (e.g., a network node) may determine whether or not to send the UE to the inactive mode or the idle mode based at least in part on the assistance information. In some aspects, the network entity may determine whether or not to send the UE to the inactive mode or0097-5598PCT 36the idle mode (e.g., whether or not to transmit, to the UE, an indication to switch to the inactive mode or the idle mode) based at least in part on whether the paging ratio for the UE indicated in (or determined from) the assistance information satisfies a threshold. In some examples, the network entity may determine not to send the UE to the inactive mode or the idle mode in connection with the paging ratio of the UE satisfying (e.g., being greater than or equal to) the threshold. In some examples, the network entity may determine to send the UE to the inactive mode or the idle mode in connection with the paging ratio of the UE not satisfying (e.g., being less than) the threshold. In this case, the network entity (e.g., the network node) may transmit, and the UE may receive, an indication to switch to the inactive mode or the idle mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE (e.g., based at least in part on the paging ratio indicated in the assistance information not satisfying the threshold). For example, the indication to switch to the inactive mode or the idle mode may be included in an RRC message or another type of downlink communication (e.g., a MAC-CE or DCI). In some aspects, the UE may switch to the inactive mode or the idle mode in connection with receiving the indication to switch to the inactive mode or the idle mode.

[0119] In some aspects, the UE may transmit the assistance information to the AMF, and the AMF may forward the assistance information to the SMF and / or the UPF (e.g., via the SMF). The UE, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, may be paged in connection with arrival of user plane (UP) packets for the UE. The UP packets may be associated with a packet data unit (PDU) session, which uses a tunnel (e.g., a next generation (NG) user plane interface (NG-U) tunnel) between the UPF and the RAN. In some aspects, the UPF and / or the RAN (e.g., one or more network nodes included in the RAN) may determine whether to retain the tunnel (e.g., the NG-U tunnel) when the UE is operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode or reestablish the tunnel when the UE is paged (e.g., when UP packets associated with the PDU arrive) based at least in part on the assistance information. In some examples, the UPF and / or another network entity (e.g., a network node) may determine to retain the tunnel between the UPF and the RAN while the UE is operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode in connection with the paging ratio of the UE satisfying (e.g., being greater than or equal to) a threshold. In some examples, the UPF and / or another network entity (e.g., a network node) may determine not retain the tunnel between the UPF and the RAN while the UE is operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode in connection with the patio ratio of the UE not satisfying (e.g., being less than) the threshold.

[0120] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.

[0121] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 600 is0097-5598PCT 37an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility.

[0122] As shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE (block 610). For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 804 and / or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE, as described above in connection with reference number 515 of Fig. 5.

[0123] As further shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE (block 620). For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 802, transmission component 804, and / or communication manager 806, depicted in Fig. 8) may communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, as described above in connection with reference number 520 of Fig. 5.

[0124] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0125] In a first aspect, the assistance information indicates an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0126] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the assistance information indicates a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0127] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the assistance information indicates a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0128] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the assistance information indicates an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0129] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the assistance information indicates statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.

[0130] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0131] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the location stamp indicates at least one of a geo-location, a set of one or more0097-5598PCT 38cells, a set of one or more beams, a set of one or more zones, a tracking area, or a radio access network notification area.

[0132] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid for a time duration.

[0133] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the assistance information indicates the time duration.

[0134] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid while the UE is located within an area.

[0135] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the assistance information indicates the area.

[0136] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, transmitting the assistance information includes transmitting, while operating in a connected mode, the assistance information.

[0137] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process 600 includes determining, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, performing network registration to switch to a connected mode, and transmitting, while operating in the connected mode, the update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0138] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, process 600 includes transmitting an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, and receiving an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, wherein transmitting the assistance information includes transmitting the assistance information in connection with receiving the indication requesting the assistance information.

[0139] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes receiving, from the network node, configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0140] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes receiving, from the network0097-5598PCT 39node, configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0141] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, process 600 includes receiving, from the network node, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE, and determining the assistance information based at least in part on the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0142] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, transmitting the assistance information includes transmitting the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information deviates from the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0143] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is based at least in part on an output of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model.

[0144] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, process 600 includes receiving, from an application server, information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, and determining the assistance information based at least in part on the information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0145] In a twenty -first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes receiving, from the network node, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0146] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty -first aspects, transmitting the assistance information includes transmitting the assistance information to at least one of the network node or a core network device.

[0147] In a twenty -third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

[0148] In a twenty -fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty -third aspects, transmitting the assistance information includes at least one of transmitting the first assistance information to a core network device via NAS signaling, or transmitting the second assistance information to the network node via RRC signaling.

[0149] Although Fig. 6 shows example blocks of process 600, in some aspects, process 600 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks0097-5598PCT 40than those depicted in Fig. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 600 may be performed in parallel.

[0150] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with UE assistance information for energy -efficient idle or inactive mode mobility.

[0151] As shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode (block 710). For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 902 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode, as described above in connection with reference number 515 of Fig. 5.

[0152] As further shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE (block 720). For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 902, transmission component 904, and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, as described above in connection with reference number 520 of Fig. 5.

[0153] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0154] In a first aspect, the assistance information indicates an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0155] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the assistance information indicates a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0156] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the assistance information indicates a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0157] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the assistance information indicates an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0158] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the assistance information indicates statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.0097-5598PCT 41

[0159] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0160] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the location stamp indicates at least one of a geo-location, a set of one or more cells, a set of one or more beams, a set of one or more zones, a tracking area, or a radio access network notification area.

[0161] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid for a time duration.

[0162] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the assistance information indicates the time duration.

[0163] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid while the UE is located within an area.

[0164] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the assistance information indicates the area.

[0165] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, process 700 includes receiving an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0166] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process 700 includes receiving an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, and transmitting an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, wherein receiving the assistance information includes receiving the assistance information in connection with transmitting the indication requesting the assistance information.

[0167] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes transmitting configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0168] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes transmitting configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle0097-5598PCT 42mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0169] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, process 700 includes transmitting, to the UE, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0170] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, receiving the assistance information includes receiving the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information deviates from the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0171] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is based at least in part on an output of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model.

[0172] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE includes transmitting, to the UE, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0173] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, receiving the assistance information includes receiving the assistance information from at least one of the UE or a core network device.

[0174] In a twenty -first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

[0175] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty -first aspects, receiving the assistance information includes at least one of receiving the first assistance information from a core network device, or transmitting the second assistance information from the UE via RRC signaling.

[0176] Although Fig. 7 shows example blocks of process 700, in some aspects, process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 7. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 700 may be performed in parallel.

[0177] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example apparatus 800 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 800 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 includes a reception component 802, a transmission component 804, and / or a communication manager 806, which may be in0097-5598PCT 43communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 806 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 800 may communicate with another apparatus 808, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 802 and the transmission component 804.

[0178] In some aspects, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Fig. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 600 of Fig. 6, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 800 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0179] The reception component 802 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 808. The reception component 802 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

[0180] The transmission component 804 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 800 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 804 for transmission to the apparatus 808. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 808.0097-5598PCT 44In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may be co-located with the reception component 802 in one or more transceivers.

[0181] The communication manager 806 may support operations of the reception component 802 and / or the transmission component 804. For example, the communication manager 806 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 802 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 804. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 806 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 802 and / or the transmission component 804 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0182] The transmission component 804 may transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE. The reception component 802 and / or the transmission component 804 may communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0183] The communication manager 806 may determine, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0184] The communication manager 806 may perform network registration to switch to a connected mode.

[0185] The transmission component 804 may transmit, while operating in the connected mode, the update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0186] The transmission component 804 may transmit an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0187] The reception component 802 may receive an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0188] The transmission component 804 may transmit the assistance information in connection with receiving the indication requesting the assistance information.

[0189] The reception component 802 may receive, from the network node, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0190] The communication manager 806 may determine the assistance information based at least in part on the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 45

[0191] The reception component 802 may receive, from an application server, information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0192] The communication manager 806 may determine the assistance information based at least in part on the information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0193] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 8 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 8. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 8 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 8 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 8.

[0194] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus 900 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 900 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 includes a reception component 902, a transmission component 904, and / or a communication manager 906, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 906 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 900 may communicate with another apparatus 908, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 902 and the transmission component 904.

[0195] In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Fig. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 700 of Fig. 7, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 9 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.0097-5598PCT 46

[0196] The reception component 902 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 908. The reception component 902 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 900 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.

[0197] The transmission component 904 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 900 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 904 for transmission to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may be co-located with the reception component 902 in one or more transceivers.

[0198] The communication manager 906 may support operations of the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904. For example, the communication manager 906 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 902 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 906 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.0097-5598PCT 47

[0199] The reception component 902 may receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a UE in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode. The reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904 may communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0200] The reception component 902 may receive an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0201] The reception component 902 may receive an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0202] The transmission component 904 may transmit an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0203] The reception component 902 may receive the assistance information in connection with transmitting the indication requesting the assistance information.

[0204] The transmission component 904 may transmit, to the UE, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0205] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 9 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 9. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 9 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 9.

[0206] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

[0207] Aspect 1 : A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE; and communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0208] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the assistance information indicates an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0209] Aspect 3 : The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the assistance information indicates a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0210] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the assistance information indicates a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0211] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the assistance information indicates an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 48

[0212] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the assistance information indicates statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.

[0213] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0214] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the location stamp indicates at least one of: a geo-location, a set of one or more cells, a set of one or more beams, a set of one or more zones, a tracking area, or a radio access network notification area.

[0215] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid for a time duration.

[0216] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, wherein the assistance information indicates the time duration.

[0217] Aspect 11 : The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid while the UE is located within an area.

[0218] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the assistance information indicates the area.

[0219] Aspect 13 : The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises: transmitting, while operating in a connected mode, the assistance information.

[0220] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, further comprising: determining, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; performing network registration to switch to a connected mode; and transmitting, while operating in the connected mode, the update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0221] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, further comprising: transmitting an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and receiving an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises transmitting the assistance information in connection with receiving the indication requesting the assistance information.

[0222] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: receiving, from the network node, configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 49

[0223] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: receiving, from the network node, configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0224] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, further comprising: receiving, from the network node, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and determining the assistance information based at least in part on the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0225] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises: transmitting the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information deviates from the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0226] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is based at least in part on an output of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model.

[0227] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, further comprising: receiving, from an application server, information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and determining the assistance information based at least in part on the information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0228] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: receiving, from the network node, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0229] Aspect 23 : The method of any of Aspects 1-22, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises: transmitting the assistance information to at least one of the network node or a core network device.

[0230] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, wherein the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

[0231] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises at least one of: transmitting the first assistance information to a core network device via non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; or transmitting the second assistance information to the network node via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.0097-5598PCT 50

[0232] Aspect 26: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a user equipment (UE) in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0233] Aspect 27: The method of Aspect 26, wherein the assistance information indicates an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0234] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 26-27, wherein the assistance information indicates a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0235] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 26-28, wherein the assistance information indicates a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0236] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 26-29, wherein the assistance information indicates an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE.

[0237] Aspect 31 : The method of any of Aspects 26-30, wherein the assistance information indicates statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.

[0238] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 26-31, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0239] Aspect 33 : The method of Aspect 32, wherein the location stamp indicates at least one of: a geo-location, a set of one or more cells, a set of one or more beams, a set of one or more zones, a tracking area, or a radio access network notification area.

[0240] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 26-33, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid for a time duration.

[0241] Aspect 35: The method of Aspect 34, wherein the assistance information indicates the time duration.

[0242] Aspect 36: The method of any of Aspects 26-35, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid while the UE is located within an area.

[0243] Aspect 37: The method of Aspect 36, wherein the assistance information indicates the area.

[0244] Aspect 38: The method of any of Aspects 26-37, further comprising: receiving an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0245] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 26-38, further comprising: receiving an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and transmitting an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, wherein receiving the assistance information comprises receiving the assistance information in connection with transmitting the indication requesting the assistance information.0097-5598PCT 51

[0246] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 26-39, wherein communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: transmitting configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0247] Aspect 41 : The method of any of Aspects 26-40, wherein communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: transmitting configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0248] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 26-41, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0249] Aspect 43 : The method of Aspect 42, wherein receiving the assistance information comprises: receiving the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information deviates from the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0250] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 26-43, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is based at least in part on an output of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model.

[0251] Aspect 45: The method of any of Aspects 26-44, wherein communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE comprises: transmitting, to the UE, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

[0252] Aspect 46: The method of any of Aspects 26-45, wherein receiving the assistance information comprises: receiving the assistance information from at least one of the UE or a core network device.

[0253] Aspect 47: The method of any of Aspects 26-46, wherein the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

[0254] Aspect 48: The method of Aspect 47, wherein receiving the assistance information comprises at least one of: receiving the first assistance information from a core network device; or transmitting the second assistance information from the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0255] Aspect 49: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more0097-5598PCT 52processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0256] Aspect 50: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0257] Aspect 51 : An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0258] Aspect 52: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0259] Aspect 53 : A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0260] Aspect 54: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0261] Aspect 55: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-48.

[0262] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0263] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor’ is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software0097-5598PCT 53code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.

[0264] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.

[0265] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of’ a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0266] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of’). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one.”

[0267] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.0097-5598PCT 54

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to: transmit assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE; and communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE, a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE, a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE, an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE, or statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid for a time duration.

5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the assistance information indicates the time duration.

6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is valid while the UE is located within an area.

7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the assistance information indicates the area.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the assistance information, are configured to cause the UE to: transmit, while operating in a connected mode, the assistance information.0097-5598PCT 559. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: determine, while operating in the idle mode or the inactive mode, an update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; perform network registration to switch to a connected mode; and transmit, while operating in the connected mode, the update to the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: transmit an indication alerting the network node of the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and receive an indication requesting the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, wherein transmitting the assistance information comprises transmitting the assistance information in connection with receiving the indication requesting the assistance information.

11. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the UE to: receive, from the network node, configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the UE to: receive, from the network node, configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

13. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: receive, from the network node, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and determine the assistance information based at least in part on the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 5614. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the assistance information, are configured to cause the UE to: transmit the assistance information in connection with a determination that the assistance information deviates from the statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

15. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE is based at least in part on an output of an artificial intelligence or machine learning model.

16. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: receive, from an application server, information associated with the paging ratio for the UE; and determine the assistance information based at least in part on the information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

17. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the UE to: receive, from the network node, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

18. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the assistance information, are configured to cause the UE to: transmit the assistance information to at least one of the network node or a core network device.

19. The UE of claim 1, wherein the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

20. The UE of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the assistance information, are configured to cause the UE to: transmit the first assistance information to a core network device via non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; or0097-5598PCT 57transmit the second assistance information to the network node via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

21. A network node for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to: receive assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a user equipment (UE) in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

22. The network node of claim 21, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: an expected value of the paging ratio for the UE, a historic value of the paging ratio for the UE, a range of values associated with the paging ratio for the UE, an index associated with a level of the paging ratio for the UE, or statistics associated with a traffic pattern of the UE.

23. The network node of claim 21, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of a timestamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE or a location stamp associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

24. The network node of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the network node to: transmit configuration information indicating a registration area for the UE for the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

25. The network node of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the network node to: transmit configuration information indicating a periodicity for a periodic location update for the UE while in the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 5826. The network node of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: transmit, to the UE, statistics associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

27. The network node of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE, are configured to cause the network node to: transmit, to the UE, an indication to switch to the idle mode or the inactive mode based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

28. The network node of claim 21, wherein the assistance information includes at least one of first assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the idle mode or second assistance information associated with the paging ratio of the UE in the inactive mode.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting assistance information associated with a paging ratio for the UE, wherein the paging ratio is associated with an idle mode or an inactive mode of the UE; and communicating with a network node based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.

30. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: receiving assistance information associated with a paging ratio for a user equipment(UE) in at least one of an idle mode or an inactive mode; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the assistance information associated with the paging ratio for the UE.0097-5598PCT 59

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