Method, apparatus and system for sensing using sensing agents
Sensing agents with low-cost, low-power nodes enhance sensing accuracy and resolution in communication networks by defining new sensing capabilities, addressing node location and power consumption issues in existing UE-based frameworks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Current communication networks lack efficient sensing solutions due to unknown node locations, high power consumption, and low accuracy, with existing UE-based sensing frameworks failing to optimize sensing tasks and reporting accurate results.
Introduce sensing agents (SAs) with low-cost, low-power nodes that support wideband sensing and have fixed locations, using RF-domain LFM mixers and analog-domain filtering to enhance sensing accuracy and resolution, and define new sensing-related capabilities within communication networks.
Sensing agents improve sensing performance by accurately performing and reporting sensing measurements based on configured tasks, reducing power consumption and complexity, and enabling widespread network implementation.
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Figure CN2024141064_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR SENSING USING SENSING AGENTS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 695, 511, filed on September 17, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies.BACKGROUND
[0003] Currently, communication systems may include different types of nodes, and some nodes such as transmit and receive points (TRPs) or user equipment (UEs) may act as sensing nodes to perform sensing measurements. A sensing node may perform sensing by transmitting a sensing signal to an object. In a case where the object is not able to transmit signals, the object may reflect the sensing signal to the sensing node. In a case where the object is able to transmit signals, the object may transmit a signal to the sensing node in response to receiving the sensing signal. After receiving the signal reflected from the object or after receiving the signal transmitted by the object, the sensing node may obtain sensing results accordingly.
[0004] However, existing solutions are unable to address all the problems associated with sensing in current or future communication networks due to lack of knowledge of the location of sensing nodes, density of the nodes in the network (to reduce the distance and power consumption) as well as achieving high accuracy and resolution.
[0005] For future communication networks, for carrying out sensing tasks by the nodes, the following features may be beneficial:
[0006] Knowledge of location of the nodes: Having knowledge of nodes with known and fixed locations may provide more equations to obtain sensing parameters without introducing additional unknowns.
[0007] Enabling sensing with low power consumption and complexity: Sensing nodes may be required to be spread throughout the network such that i) the distance to the target is small and therefore sensing can be carried out with minimal power and ii) Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and blockage due to obstacles can be avoided.
[0008] High performance (in terms of resolution and accuracy) : Nodes require high processing capabilities such as, for example, large bandwidth sensing signal transmission / reception.
[0009] In view of the above, there is a need to define a new category of nodes such as a new category of UEs, referred to as sensing agents (SAs) , having one or more of the following properties:
[0010] These nodes may be low-cost low-power nodes. Unlike TRPs, these nodes may not require to have a connection to the core network and are designed primarily for sensing tasks using low-cost circuitry (for example, low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and low-cost full-duplexing for mono-static sensing) .
[0011] These nodes may support wideband sensing with high resolution. These nodes may use radio frequency (RF) -domain linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) mixer for transmission and may use analog-domain filtering and low complexity baseband circuitry to process narrow-band sensing results.
[0012] These nodes may have widespread implementation in the network. Due to their low-cost of implementation, several of these nodes may be implemented in the network (similar to IoT devices) . This will result in a shorter distance between the sensing agents and the targets, which may further improve the sensing accuracy and / or resolution.
[0013] These nodes may be fixed with known locations and can be implemented on lamp posts or other fixtures, for example.
[0014] Other drawbacks with current solutions include that all capabilities defined for the UEs and all the categorizations are communication-centric, i.e., the communications are all based on the metrics required for communication, whether it is uplink (UL) , downlink (DL) or sidelink (SL) , between the UE and other nodes in the network. Hence, when it comes to devising solutions for UE-based or UE-assisted sensing in future communication networks, there are no proper definitions for sensing-related capabilities that may not allow for efficient utilization of UEs in the sensing tasks. Thus, there is a need to devise a framework and / or architecture to define sensing-related capabilities, on top of the communication-related capabilities, and define new categories of nodes (e.g., UEs) that can facilitate the sensing tasks in future communication networks with low complexity and low power consumption.
[0015] In current solutions, a sensing node may not know which sensing measurement it needs to perform as well as content of a report it needs to transmit to the network node. In this case, results of sensing that the sensing node reports to the network node may not meet the requirements of the network node. In addition, different sensing tasks may not be assigned to appropriate sensing nodes. As a result, the sensing node may not be able to perform the sensing task assigned to it, so that the sensing node may not be able to report accurate results of sensing measurements to the network. In view of this, there is a need for further optimization and exploration to improve sensing performance.SUMMARY
[0016] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses used to configure sensing tasks.
[0017] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a first device side, for example, a first device or a module in a first device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core that is responsible for a communication function in a first device) . The first device may be a terminal device. In an implementation, the first device may be a new type of terminal device which may be referred to as a sensing agent (SA) or a low-power sensing agent (LPSA) . In an implementation, the method is applied to a first device. The method includes: receiving configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; receiving a request for a sensing service, where the request includes an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; and transmitting a report, the report including results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.
[0018] In these embodiments, once the first device receives the request for the sensing service, the first device may know which sensing measurement it needs to perform according to the configuration information, and then reports the results of sensing measurements to a network node. Compared to conventional solutions where the sensing node may not know which sensing measurement it needs to perform, in these embodiments, the first device may perform the sensing measurements according to the request specifying a certain sensing task. In this case, the first device may perform sensing measurement and report the results that satisfy the demand of the network node, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0019] In a possible implementation, transmitting the report includes: transmitting the report to a network node for processing the sensing measurements.
[0020] In a possible implementation, the configuration information includes an identifier corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks. In such case, each of the plurality of sensing tasks may be identified by a respective identifier.
[0021] In a possible implementation, the configuration information includes at least one of: a definition corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks, a sensing measurement configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks or a report configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.
[0022] The definition corresponding to the sensing task may refer to a type of the sensing task. The sensing measurement configuration corresponding to the sensing task may refer to a sensing measurement that the first device is to perform. The report configuration corresponding to the sensing task may refer to content that the first device is to report. A certain type of the sensing task may correspond to a certain sensing measurement and a report with certain content. In this way, the first device may know which type of sensing task it needs to perform and which information it needs to obtain by sensing and which information it needs to report.
[0023] In a possible implementation, the plurality of sensing tasks include a level one sensing task, a level two sensing task and a level three sensing task. The level one sensing task may also be referred to as Level-1 sensing, Type-1 sensing, or sensing type 1 (SeType-1) . The level two sensing task may also be referred to as Level-2 sensing, Type-2 sensing, or sensing type 2 (SeType-2) . The level three sensing task may also be referred to as Level-3 sensing, Type-3 sensing, or sensing type 3 (SeType-3) .
[0024] In a possible implementation, for the level one sensing task: the definition includes single-point object detection, the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the first device to obtain a position of an object, and the report configuration includes information configuring the first device to report a detection status of the object. In a case of the level one sensing task, the first device may perform simple sensing measurement, thereby reducing the power consumption of the first device.
[0025] In a possible implementation, for the level two sensing task: the definition includes multi-point object detection; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the first device to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the first device to report at least one of: a position of at least one detected point of the object, the category of the object, the shape of the object, or a power delay profile (PDP) of a signal that is reflected by the object. In a case of the level two sensing task, the first device may perform sensing to obtain and report details of the object, so that the network node may obtain more details of the object.
[0026] In a possible implementation, for the level three sensing task: for the level three sensing task:
[0027] the definition comprises reconstruction of a target comprising at least one of an object or an environmental object; the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to reconstruct the target, wherein reconstructing the target comprises obtaining one or more corner points and surface planes of the target to reconstruct a shape of the target ; and the report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report at least one of: positions of the one or more corner points of the target; estimated planes representing surfaces of the target; locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the target; a velocity of the target; an orientation of the target; a heading of the target; a material category of the target; or a tag identifier of the target.
[0028] In a possible implementation, the request includes at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task. In such case, each sensing task may be identified by an identifier, and signaling overhead for indicating the sensing task may be reduced.
[0029] In a possible implementation, the at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task is determined based on a capability of the first device. In this way, the network node may assign the sensing task to an appropriate first device which is capable of performing the sensing task, and the network node may obtain accurate sensing results from the first device, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0030] In a possible implementation, the capability of the first device includes at least one of: an angle-of-arrival (AoA) resolution of the first device; a distance between the first device and an object; or a power mode or a power level of the first device.
[0031] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: transmitting information indicating the capability of the first device. In this case, the network node may know the capability of the first device and may assign an appropriate sensing task to the first device accordingly, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0032] In a possible implementation, the report includes information specifying that the report is related to the indication specified in the request. In this case, the network node may know that the report includes sensing results of the sensing service specified in the request and the network node may not need to transmit the request for the sensing service repeatedly, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste of signaling overhead and power consumption caused by transmitting the request for the sensing service repeatedly.
[0033] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied to a second device side, for example, a second device or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a second device. The second device may be a network node. For example, the method is applied to a second device. The method includes: transmitting configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; transmitting a request for a sensing service, where the request includes an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; and receiving a report, the report including results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.
[0034] In a possible implementation, the configuration information includes an identifier corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.
[0035] In a possible implementation, the configuration information includes at least one of: a definition corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks, a sensing measurement configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks or a report configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.
[0036] In a possible implementation, the plurality of sensing tasks include a level one sensing task, a level two sensing task and a level three sensing task.
[0037] In a possible implementation, for the level one sensing task: the definition includes single-point object detection; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the first device to obtain a position of an object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the first device to report a detection status of the object.
[0038] In a possible implementation, for the level two sensing task: the definition includes multi-point object detection; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the first device to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the first device to report at least one of: a position of at least one detected point of the object, the category of the object, the shape of the object, or a PDP of a signal that is reflected by the object.
[0039] In a possible implementation, for the level three sensing task: the definition includes reconstruction of an object; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the first device to reconstruct the object, where reconstructing the object includes obtaining one or more corner points and surface planes of the object to reconstruct a shape of the object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the first device to report at least one of: positions of the one or more corner points of the object; estimated planes representing surfaces of the object; locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the object; a velocity of the object; an orientation of the object; a heading of the object; a material category of the object; or a tag identifier of the object.
[0040] In a possible implementation, the request includes at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task.
[0041] In a possible implementation, the at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task is determined based on a capability of the first device.
[0042] In a possible implementation, the capability of the first device includes at least one of: an AoA resolution of the first device; a distance between the first device and an object; or a power mode or a power level of the first device.
[0043] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving information indicating the capability of the first device.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the report includes information specifying that the report is related to the indication specified in the request.
[0045] In a possible implementation, receiving the report includes: receiving the report from a sensing agent. In this case, the first device may be a sensing agent.
[0046] According to a third aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0047] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0048] According to a fifth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors are configured to execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0049] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the one or more processors are configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0050] According to a sixth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors are configured to execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0051] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the one or more processors are configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0052] According to a seventh aspect, a system is described, including a first apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0053] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0054] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product is described. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0055] This disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0056] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0057] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0059] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0060] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.
[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.
[0062] FIG. 6 illustrates an example implementation scenario in accordance with some embodiments.
[0063] FIG. 7 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0064] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic illustration of sensing task levels in accordance with some embodiments.
[0065] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic illustration of sensing task level assignment in accordance with some embodiments.
[0066] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic illustration of range-angle grids in accordance with some embodiments.
[0067] FIG. 11 illustrates another device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0068] The solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication networks, such as a future network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network. The solutions may also be implemented in Wi-Fi, non-terrestrial network (NTN) , cloud and edge computing service, sensing services, or distributed or self-organized networks. In an example, the solutions may be applied to automated manufacturing systems in smart factories. In another example, the solutions may be applied to other intelligent vertical scenarios such as ports, delivery systems and medical systems.
[0069] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0070] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0071] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0072] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0073] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0074] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0075] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0076] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0077] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0078] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0079] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0080] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0081] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0082] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0083] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0084] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0085] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0086] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0087] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0088] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0089] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110 or a sensing agent) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatuses 310 and / or number of apparatuses 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 or sensing agent may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 or a sensing agent may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110 or sensing agents.
[0090] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0091] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0092] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0093] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0094] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0095] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0096] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0097] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0098] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0099] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0100] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0101] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0102] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0103] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0104] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0105] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0106] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0107] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0108] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0109] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0110] The apparatus 510 may be a sensing agent side apparatus, for example, a sensing agent or a module in a sensing agent, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a sensing agent. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0111] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0112] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0113] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0114] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0115] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0116] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0117] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0118] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0119] Existing communication systems may include different types of nodes in the network such as, but not limited to:
[0120] Transmit Receive Points (TRPs) or network nodes: These nodes are connected to the core network, and may be normally fixed with known locations (except for Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) nodes) , and may have high transmit power and processing capability, high dynamic range, etc. However, these nodes are costly to implement everywhere.
[0121] User Equipment (UEs) : These nodes are distributed throughout the network, but their location may not be known (due to mobility) , and UEs may have limited transmit power and processing capability, and limited dynamic range.
[0122] In addition to the two types of nodes described above, there may be other types of network nodes such as, but not limited to, relays and repeaters. These nodes, however, may not produce independent signals.
[0123] Moreover, different sensing tasks may require different measurements and different reports.
[0124] The present disclosure disclosed method, apparatus and system for sensing using sensing agent to improve sensing performance.
[0125] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a new category or a new type of nodes based on the nodes’ communication-related and sensing-related capabilities, to optimize power consumption and sensing performance carried out by these nodes. The new type of nodes may be referred to as sensing agents. The sensing agent may also be referred to as “SA” . In the present disclosure, the terms “sensing agent” and “SA” may be used interchangeably.
[0126] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to improving the sensing efficiency of the future wireless communication networks by elaborately defining different sensing tasks.
[0127] In some implementations, the capabilities of these SAs (both in terms of communication and sensing) are different and these nodes may be classified as a different UE category. In other implementations, different levels of capabilities of SAs may be required for different sensing tasks, each task requiring a specific sensing report and measurement configurations.
[0128] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining different levels of sensing tasks to be configured at the sensing agents and providing mapping between the SA capabilities and the sensing tasks based on their capabilities.
[0129] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to providing methods for task-specific sensing configurations and measurements and configuring the sensing measurement report based on each specific task level.
[0130] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for enhancing the sensing efficiency. These methods, representative of aspects of the present disclosure, propose defining different levels of sensing tasks to the sensing agents and defining the SA functionality, including the measurement and the report, for each task level.
[0131] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to sensing task level determination based on the SA capability.
[0132] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to SA behavior on sensing measurement and report configuration for each sensing task level.
[0133] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below by way of example. FIG. 6 illustrates an implementation scenario for SAs in future wireless communication systems, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 6, a new category of nodes or UEs are implemented which, for purposes of this disclosure, may also be referred to as “sensing agents (SAs) ” or low-power sensing agents (LPSAs) since they are designed to perform sensing with low-power consumption.
[0134] As shown in FIG. 6, the sensing agent 601a, 601b, 601c (collectively referred to as 601) may transmit a sensing signal to an object or a target such as a vehicle 602a, 602b, 602c (collectively referred to as 602) , and the vehicle 602 may reflect the sensing signal or transmit another signal to the sensing agent 601. The sensing agent 601 may accordingly obtain a sensing result based on the received signal. Subsequently, the sensing agent 601 may report the sensing result to the TRP 603. The TRP may then transmit the sensing result to the core network 604. It will be appreciated that the vehicle 602 may communicate with the TRP 603 directly.
[0135] In some embodiments, a disclosed method may be performed by a first device and a second device. The first device may be a terminal device such as a sensing agent, and the second device may be a network node. The network node may be a device in the access network such as a TRP or a function in the core network such as the Sensing Management Function (SeMF) .
[0136] Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method 700 in accordance with some embodiments. The method 700 is performed by a network node and a sensing agent.
[0137] In step 701, the network node transmits configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks to the sensing agent. Accordingly, the sensing agent receives the configuration information. In this step, the network node may broadcast the configuration information to a plurality of sensing agents.
[0138] In step 702, the network node transmits a request for a sensing service to the sensing agent. The request includes an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks. Accordingly, the sensing agent receives the request.
[0139] In step 703, the sensing agent transmits a report to the network node for processing the sensing measurements. The report includes results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request. Accordingly, the network node receives the report.
[0140] In conventional solutions, since the sensing node does not know the demand of the network node, in a case where the network node merely requires a simple or rough result of the sensing measurement, the sensing node may perform complicated sensing measurement to obtain details of a sensing target, resulting in waste of power consumption of the sensing agent. On the other hand, in a case where the network node requires a detailed result of the sensing measurement, the sensing node may perform simple sensing measurement and only obtain rough information of a sensing target which may not meet the network node’s demand.
[0141] In these embodiments, once the first device receives the request for the sensing service, the first device may know which sensing measurement it needs to perform according to the configuration information, and then reports the results of sensing measurements to a network node. Compared to conventional solutions where the sensing node may not know which sensing measurement it needs to perform, in these embodiments, the first device may perform the sensing measurements according to the request specifying a certain sensing task. In this case, the first device may perform sensing measurement and report the results that satisfy the demand of the network node, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0142] In some embodiments, the configuration information includes at least one of: a definition corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks, a sensing measurement configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks or a report configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.
[0143] The definition corresponding to the sensing task may refer to a type of the sensing task. The sensing measurement configuration corresponding to the sensing task may refer to sensing measurement that the sensing agent is to perform. The report configuration corresponding to the sensing task may refer to content that the sensing agent is to report. A certain type of the sensing task may correspond to a certain sensing measurement and a report with certain content.
[0144] The plurality of sensing tasks may include different levels of sensing tasks (i.e., different types of sensing tasks) . Different levels of sensing tasks may correspond to different sensing measurement and reports with different content. Details of the sensing task level assignment and the corresponding measurement and report configurations are further described in conjunction with different implementations of the present disclosure.
[0145] In some embodiments, the plurality of sensing tasks include a level one sensing task, a level two sensing task and a level three sensing task.
[0146] In some implementations, for the level one sensing task: the definition corresponding to the level one sensing task includes single-point object detection; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the sensing agent to obtain a position of an object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the sensing agent to report a detection status of the object.
[0147] In a case of the single-point object detection, the sensing agent may regard the object as a single point. According to the sensing measurement configuration in the case of the level one sensing task, the sensing agent may perform sensing measurement to obtain the position of the object. The detection status of the object may include at least one of a position of the target, whether the object is detected by the sensing agent, or the probability of existence of the object.
[0148] The definition, sensing measurement configuration and report configuration corresponding to the level one sensing task will be described in details below.
[0149] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of sensing task levels, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, three different levels of sensing tasks may be defined as follows:
[0150] The upper most part of FIG. 8 illustrates Level-1 (or Type-1) sensing (corresponding to the level one sensing task) , which can be represented as SeType-1. This level of sensing can be called single-point object detection. In this sensing task, the sensing target is only characterized as a single target and the only information the SA needs to obtain is just the position of this point target. This is the simplest sensing task and does not require high resolution sensing as it does not require to obtain the details of the object, including the object category or any details of the size and orientation. In some implementations, this task level only requires the SA to report the detection status of the object and no additional information is required from the SA.
[0151] As described above, in the case of the level one sensing task, the sensing measurement configuration may include information requiring the sensing agent to obtain a position of an object. For sensing task level 1 (Type-1) which is single-point target detection, in some possible designs, the SA is required to estimate the position of the single-point representation of the target. In some implementations, when the SA is performing mono-static sensing, the position of the target can be obtained from the range and AoA estimation. The range refers to a distance between the sensing agent and the target. The range may be estimated as where τtof is the time of flight between the transmitted signal and the received reflected signal off the target, and c is the speed of the light. The AoA estimation refers to AoA estimation of a signal that is transmitted or reflected by the target to the sensing agent.
[0152] As described above, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report a detection status of the object. The detection status of the object may include the position of the target. In some possible designs, the report configuration may further include information configuring the sensing agent to report a detection status of the object in a specific format.
[0153] In an implementation, the specific format may be a three-dimensional (3D) vector. In this case, the SA reports the estimated position of the target in the form of a 3D vector (xt, yt, zt) where the subscript t represents the target.
[0154] In another implementation, the specific format may be a set of vectors, and each vector represents a distance to the target detected over a beam transmitted from the sensing agent to the target. In this case, the SA may report the estimated distance to the target for each transmitted beam. In this case, the feedback report may be in the form of the vector (d1, d2, …, dN) where di represents the distance to the target detected over the beam index i, 1≤i≤N, N represents quantity of the beams used for sensing, and N is a positive integer.
[0155] In yet another implementation, the specific format may be a two-dimensional matrix, where a value in one dimension indicates a direction of a range-angle grid where the target is located in, and a value in another dimension indicates a distance between the sensing agent and the range-angle grid. For example, the direction of the range-angle grid may be indicated by an index of a beam pointing at a certain direction. The distance between the range-angle grid and the target may be indicated by an index of a range grid. The range grid may be an area, and distance from the target located in the area to the sensing agent is above a first distance threshold and not above a second distance threshold.
[0156] FIG. 10 is an example illustration of range-angle grid definition, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 10, the SA can detect whether there is a target in each of the spatial range-angle grids. In this case, the feedback report may be represented as a two-dimensional matrix of bits, where the first dimension shows the index of the beam (i.e., the beam transmitted by the sensing agent) and the second dimension shows the index of the range grid and the bit corresponding to the (i, j) th entry represents the status of target detection over the ith beam and jth range grid.
[0157] In yet another implementation, the specific format may be a one-bit indication indicating whether the object is detected. Bit “0” may indicate that no object is detected by the sensing agent and bit “1” may indicate that the object is detected by the sensing agent. Alternatively, bit “1” may indicate that no object is detected by the sensing agent while “0” may indicate that the object is detected by the sensing agent. In this case, the sensing agent may perform the sensing measurement and obtain the result of the sensing measurement based on a hard decision. For example, if the power of the signal reflected by the object exceeds a threshold, the sensing agent may determine that an object is detected. Otherwise, if the power of the signal reflected by the object does not exceed the threshold, the sensing agent may determine that no object is detected.
[0158] In an example where the detection status of the object refers to probability of existence of the object, the specific format may be a value between zero and one indicating the probability of existence of the object. For example, a value of 0.9 indicates that the probability of existence of an object is 0.9. Alternatively, the specific format may be a log likelihood ratio (LLR) value indicating logarithm of a ratio between the probability of existence of the object over the probability of inexistence of the object.
[0159] The definition, sensing measurement configuration and report configuration corresponding to the level two sensing task will be described in details below.
[0160] In some implementations, for the level two sensing task: the definition corresponding to the level two sensing task includes multi-point object detection; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the sensing agent to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object; and the report configuration includes information configuring the sensing agent to report at least one of: a position of at least one detected point of the object, the category of the object, the shape of the object, or a power delay profile (PDP) of a signal that is reflected by the object.
[0161] The middle part of FIG. 8 illustrates Level-2 (or Type-2) sensing, which can be represented as SeType-2. This level of sensing can be called multi-point object detection. This sensing task is more advanced than sensing type-1 (i.e., SeType-1) . This level-2 sensing requires the SA to obtain more details about the object in addition to the position of the object. The details in addition to the position of the object may include, but not limited to, the object category or the shape of the object, which needs estimating and distinguishing multiple points on the object surface (multi-point representation of the target) .
[0162] As described above, in the case of the level two sensing task, the sensing measurement configuration may include information requiring the sensing agent to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object. In this case, the sensing agent may distinguish and estimate multiple points on one object.
[0163] In an implementation, for sensing task level 2 (Type-2) which is a multi-point target detection, the SA is required to estimate the approximate shape of the target in addition to its position. This may require high-resolution sensing capability at the SA in order to be able to distinguish the multiple points representing the (approximate) target shape. In another possible design, the sensing agent may be required to identify the category of the target. For example, the SA may be requested to provide whether the object is a car, a bus or a human. The sensing agent may identify the category of the target according to the shape of the target.
[0164] As described above, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report the category of the object. In this case, the sensing agent may transmit a report including an indication, i.e., an identification (ID) of the type of the object. The indication may be ObjectTypeID. The indication ObjectTypeID specifies the type of the object. For example, ObjectTypeID=0 can represent car, ObjectTypeID=1 can represent bus or truck, ObjectTypeID=2 can represent human and the like.
[0165] For the case where the SA feeds back the ObjectTypeID to the NW (which may refer to a network node, e.g., in the core network) or the TRP, the SA may receive a template for each object type or category beforehand from the NW through higher layer signaling such as, for example, RRC. In such a case, the SA can determine the object type based on matching the measurements associated with the multi-point representation of the target and the template.
[0166] The template may be a shape template or a power delay profile (PDP) template. PDP may reflect how signals propagate and interact with the environment and may characterize the multipath effects in wireless channels. In an implementation, in a case of a pre-defined shape template, the template comprises a vector containing the relative locations of a plurality of points in 3D, representing the multi-point representation of the target. In another implementation, in a case of the PDP template, the template may comprise a PDP associated with the received reflected signal from the target. The SA may determine the object category by matching the estimated multi-point representation of the object with a pre-defined shape template or power delay profile (PDP) template.
[0167] In the above implementations, the sensing agent is configured to report the category of the object directly. In some other implementations, the SA is configured to report the intermediate results. In this case, the NW (e.g., the TRP or the core network) can determine the object type based on the intermediate results reported by the SA.
[0168] In an example, the intermediate results include the positions of all the detected points of the target. Regarding the feedback report for this type of sensing, in some implementations, the SA sends the position of the centroid of the multi-point representation of the target in addition to or instead of the indication ObjectTypeID. The position of the centroid of the multi-point representation of the target may represent the position of the target. In an implementation, the SA may send the position of the centroid of multi-point representation of the target along with an uncertainty value (variance) to the NW. The uncertainty value may refer to a floating value around a certain value, which may represent the size of the object. In some implementations, when the SA sends the uncertainty value, the SA may be configured to not send the ObjectTypeID, and the NW can determine the object type based on the uncertainty value.
[0169] In another example, the intermediate results may include the received PDP of the reflected signal from the target, and the SA is configured to feed back the received PDP of the reflected signal. Upon receiving the PDP of the reflected signal, the network node may determine the shape of the target. The network node may further determine the category of the target according to the shape of the target.
[0170] In addition to the category of the object, the shape of the object, and the (PDP) of the reflected signal, the sensing agent may be required to obtain the position of the object and report the detection status of the object, which is similar to the level one sensing task. For simplicity, details will not be repeated here.
[0171] The definition, sensing measurement configuration and report configuration corresponding to the level three sensing task will be described in details below.
[0172] In some implementations, for the level three sensing task: the definition includes reconstruction of a target including at least one of an object or an environmental object; the sensing measurement configuration includes information requiring the sensing agent to reconstruct the target. Reconstructing the target may include obtaining one or more corner points and surface planes of the target to reconstruct a shape of the target.
[0173] The bottom part of FIG. 8 illustrates Level-3 (or Type-3) sensing, which can be represented as SeType-3. This can be regarded as the highest level of sensing in terms of accuracy and details. This level of sensing can be called object or environment reconstruction. This is basically the highest level of sensing both in terms of accuracy and resolution.
[0174] For sensing task level 3 (Type-3) , the SA is required to basically reconstruct the object. Level-3 sensing requires the SA to obtain details required for reconstructing the object, including the corner points, the planes and the object material. Reconstruction may basically involve obtaining all the important corner points and surface planes of the object that may be necessary to reconstruct the object shape with the required details.
[0175] In addition, the SA may also be required to provide the pose estimation of the target, i.e., the velocity and the direction of movement (heading) of the target. In an example, in case of level-3 sensing, the SA may be required to obtain accurate position, velocity and heading direction of the object (i.e., pose estimation) .
[0176] For sensing task level 3 (Type-3) , the sensing agent may be configured to reconstruct an environmental object. The environmental object may refer to a neighboring object of a given object. In an implementation, the environmental object is within a certain distance from the given object. The environmental object may be a static environmental object or a mobile environmental object. In an example, reconstructing the environment may include obtaining location, size, or shape of static environmental object (s) such as buildings or walls. In another example, reconstructing the environment may include obtaining location, shape, orientation, velocity of mobile environmental object (s) such as vehicles or humans. In still another example, reconstructing the environment may include obtaining the locations, sizes, or shapes of the static environmental object (s) and mobile environmental object (s) .
[0177] Regarding the sensing feedback report in the case of the level three sensing task, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report at least one of:
[0178] positions of the one or more corner points of the target;
[0179] estimated planes representing surfaces of the target;
[0180] locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the target;
[0181] a velocity of the target; an orientation of the target; a heading of the target;
[0182] a material category of the target; or
[0183] a tag identifier of the target.
[0184] The report configuration will be described below by taking an example in which the target is the object. In the case of the environmental object, the report configuration is similar to the report configuration described below.
[0185] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report positions of the one or more corner points of the object. Corner points of the object may refer to points in the intersection of the planes of the object. The sensing agent may obtain the location of the corner points by detecting planes and the intersection of the planes of the object. Regarding the sensing feedback report, the SA may be configured to feedback the position of all the corner points of the target that may lead to a proper reconstruction of its shape (i.e., the target’s shape) .
[0186] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report estimated planes representing surfaces of the object. For example, the sensing agent may be configured to report whether the surface of the object is smooth. In some implementations, where the target includes a plurality of smooth surfaces (e.g., a bus, truck, or a huge car) , the SA may report the estimated planes representing the target surfaces. In a possible implementation, a transmit point transmits a sensing signal to the object, the sensing agent may receive signal scattered by the object. In this case, the sensing agent may obtain a location of a mirror point of the transmit point over the surface of the object, and the mirror point is known as a virtual transmit points (vTPs) . Once the sensing agent obtains the location of the vTP, the sensing agent may know that there is a plane passing through the midsection of the line connecting the transmit point and the vTP and the plane is orthogonal to the line. If the sensing agent observes only one vTP, the sensing agent may know that the surface of the object is smooth. If the sensing agent observes multiple vTPs, the sensing agent may know that the surface of the object is not smooth.
[0187] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the object. The positioning reference points may be points on the surface of the target that are estimated or detected by the sensing agent. When performing sensing measurement, the sensing agent may transmit sensing signals to the target. The target may reflect the sensing signals back to the sensing agent. The sensing agent may consider as if the positioning reference points of the target are transmitting signals to the sensing agent. In some implementations, the SA may report the location of the estimated virtual transmit points (vTPs) associated with the planes representing the target surfaces.
[0188] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report the pose of the object. In some implementations, the SA may be configured to report the velocity and / or the heading of the object. Heading of the object means the direction of movement for a moving objects. The sensing agent may estimate locations of the target at different time instances, and may calculate the velocity and / or the heading of the object according to the locations. The SA may report the velocity in the form of a velocity vector in the 3D space, and for example, the velocity vector is represented by (vx, vy, vz) which implicitly includes the heading. Alternatively, in some implementations, the SA may send a scalar value for the velocity and an indication of the heading for the object separately. In some implementations, the SA may only send the velocity information for moving objects. Thus, sending null in the velocity field in the sensing report means the object is a stationary object. In some implementations, the SA may be configured to report the orientation of the object. Orientation of the object means the relation between the object and the global coordinate. In an example where the object is a car, the orientation of the car means how the car is placed with respect to north, south, east and west direction in the global coordinate.
[0189] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report the material category of the object. The sensing agent may transmit sensing signals to the object and then receive signals reflected by the object. After receiving the reflected signal, the sensing agent may determine the material category according to strength or quality of the reflected signal. Given a sensing signal with a certain signal strength, strength of the signal reflected by the object with different material may be different. For example, given a sensing signal with a certain signal strength, strength of the signal reflected by a metallic object may be stronger than a first strength threshold, strength of the signal reflected by an organic or vegetative object may be weaker than the first strength threshold while stronger than a second strength threshold, and strength of the signal reflected by a building may be weaker than the second strength threshold.
[0190] Different categories of materials may be identified by an identification respectively. In some implementations, the material can be reported using different categories of materials such as, but not limited to, matID-1) Metallic materials, matID-2) Organic and Vegetative materials, matID-3) Building martials as shown in Table 2 below.
[0191] Table 2
[0192] Table 2 illustrates examples of material type indication for the sensing object, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0193] In an implementation, the report configuration may include information configuring the sensing agent to report a tag identifier of the object. In some implementations, the SA may also report the tagID for the object, in a case where the object is equipped with an RF tag and the SA can detect the tag ID through backscatter communication.
[0194] In addition, the sensing agent may be required to obtain the position of the object and report the detection status of the object, which is similar to level one sensing task. For simplicity, details will not be repeated here.
[0195] It will be appreciated that Level-1 sensing, Level-2 sensing, and Level-3 sensing are examples of sensing tasks, and embodiments are not limited thereto.
[0196] In some embodiments, the configuration information that is transmitted in step 701 includes an identifier corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks. In such case, each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks may be identified by a respective identifier. The identifier may be a task ID. In some implementations, each task level may be indexed to be indicated by the TRP (NW) with IE name “taskID” , as shown in Table 1 below.
[0197] Table 1
[0198] As shown in Table 1, task ID “0” indicates SeType-1, task ID “1” indicates SeType-2, and task ID “2” indicates SeType-3.
[0199] In some embodiments, the request that is transmitted in step 703 includes at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task. In such case, the sensing agent may perform the sensing measurements corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated by the at least one identifier in the request.
[0200] In some embodiments, the report includes information specifying that the report is related to the indication specified in the request. In this way, the network node may know that the report includes sensing results of the sensing task specified in the request.
[0201] FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling diagram according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 11, the NW node such as the SeMF in the core network or the NW such as the TRP sends, to the sensing agent (SA) , the configuration of each sensing task level (an example of configuration information corresponding to each sensing task) , which can be indicated by an integer indication “taskID” , including, but not limited to, the sensing measurement and report configuration. This configuration of each sensing task level may be carried in higher layer signaling such as, for example, radio resource control (RRC) signaling. In some implementations, this configuration may be sent through a TRP. In some other implementations, the configuration of each sensing task level may be pre-configured of pre-defined.
[0202] After defining the proper sensing task definitions and the corresponding measurement and feedback mechanisms (i.e., report configuration) associated with each task, the NW may request the SA the required sensing service by sending the “RequestSensingInformation” indication (an example of the request for the sensing service) to the SA.
[0203] In an implementation, this indication (i.e., the “RequestSensingInformation” indication) is sent through dynamic layer 1 (L1) signaling including, but not limited to, downlink control information (DCI) . In another implementation, the “RequestSensingInformation” can be sent through higher layer signaling such as, but not limited to, RRC or medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) .
[0204] Sending the “RequestSensingInformation” through higher layer signaling may be applied in a scenario where sensing is performed in a periodic manner (such as, for example, in a monitoring or surveillance service) in which no dynamic sensing request is required. In some implementations, the NW requests the sensing information through the TRP (e.g., the SeMF initiates the sensing service and transmits the “RequestSensingInformation” indication to the SA through the TRP) . In other implementations, the TRP may initiate the request (e.g., the TRP initiates the sensing service and transmits the “RequestSensingInformation” indication to the SA) .
[0205] “RequestSensingInformation” may also be accompanied by the “taskID” . The SA may report its capabilities to the NW, and the NW can determine the “taskID” for each SA based on its (i.e., the SA’s) reported capabilities and the requirement for a particular sensing service. In some other implementations, the NW may transmit the indication “taskID” to the sensing agent before the NW transmits the “RequestSensingInformation” indication. For example, the “taskID” may be valid for a certain period of time. During the certain period of time, the NW may not need to transmit the indication “taskID” to the sensing agent repeatedly. In this case, the “RequestSensingInformation” may be used to trigger the sensing service without indicating the “taskID” repeatedly.
[0206] In an implementation, after receiving the “RequestSensingInformation” indication from the NW, the SA starts the measurement and reports the sensing results according to the configurations related to the indicated “taskID” . In another implementation, the SA may report the measurement to the TRP for further processing before sending the measurement to the NW or the Sensing Management Function (SeMF) . In this case, the SA may report intermediate result of the sensing measurement to the TRP, and the TRP may perform further processing and report the result of the further processing to the SeMF.
[0207] In an implementation, the SA reports the measurement by sending an indication “ProvideSensingInformation” specifying that the information provided by the SA is related to the “RequestSensingInformation” indication sent by the NW previously.
[0208] As can be observed, each task level requires different measurement and report configurations to be done at the SA. The sensing task level may depend on the NW sensing request (i.e., sensing demand of the NW) , sensing environment, the SA’s capability, and the like. Notably, the NW may use the SA’s capabilities to assign the sensing task level based on different sensing techniques.
[0209] As described above, the request includes at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task. In some embodiments, the at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task is determined based on a capability of the sensing agent. In this way, the network node may assign the sensing task to an appropriate sensing agent, and the network node may obtain accurate sensing results from the sensing agent.
[0210] In some embodiments, the capability of the sensing agent includes at least one of:
[0211] an angle-of-arrival (AoA) resolution of the sensing agent;
[0212] a distance between the sensing agent and an object; or
[0213] a power mode or a power level of the sensing agent.
[0214] for Type-2 sensing or Type-3 sensing, the length or width of the sensing target must be more than the angle-of-arrival (AoA) resolution of the sensing agent, otherwise, the entire object can be seen only as a single point target and no efficient information can be obtained by the SA about the sensing target in addition to position of the object. In the case where the length or width of the sensing target is less than the AoA resolution of the sensing agent, the SA may perform Type-1 sensing to obtain the position of the object. This means that the AoA resolution of the SA can be a parameter to determine the sensing taskID.
[0215] In addition to the AoA resolution capability of the SA, the relative location or distance between the SA and the sensing target can also determine the type of the sensing task which may be indicated by a corresponding sensing task ID. The closer that a sensing agent is to the target, more complex sensing measurement on the target the sensing agent may be able to perform, and more detailed information the sensing agent may obtain by performing the sensing measurement.
[0216] In an example, for a given sensing agent, in a case where the distance between the object and the sensing agent is above a first threshold, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level one sensing task. In this case, the network node may transmit a request for a sensing service, and the request includes an indication of the level one sensing task.
[0217] In a case where the distance between the object and the sensing agent is above a second threshold while not above the first threshold, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level two sensing task. In this case, the network node may transmit a request for a sensing service, and the request includes an indication of the level two sensing task.
[0218] In a case where the distance between the object and the sensing agent is not above the second threshold, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level three sensing task. In this case, the network node may transmit a request for a sensing service, and the request includes an indication of the level three sensing task.
[0219] In another example, for a given sensing agent, in a case where the distance between the object and the sensing agent is above a first threshold, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level one sensing task. In a case where the distance between the object and the sensing agent is not above the first threshold, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level two or level three sensing task. If the network node requires information of category of the object or a shape of the object, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level two sensing task. If the network node requires more detailed information in addition to category of the object or a shape of the object, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform the level three sensing task.
[0220] For another example, among the SAs with the same AoA resolution capability, the ones closer to the object may be able to detect the shape and details of the object (e.g., support all sensing task levels) , while the ones with a larger distance to the target may only detect the object as a point target (e.g., perform Type-1 sensing only) .
[0221] In some implementations, the minimum shape of the sensing target (sensing sensitivity) can be defined as a function of the distance and AoA resolution for each sensing agent. Therefore, assuming a fixed AoA for all sensing agents, a particular sensing target with minimum length or width X (X=min (L, W) ) , should be in the distance of d or closer (i.e., ) to be able to be detected with Type-2 or Type-3 sensing, where L represents length of the sensing target, W represents the width of the sensing target, and θ represents AoA resolution for the SA. In view of this, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform Type-2 or Type-3 sensing if the distance d between the sensing agent and the sensing target satisfies ) . Otherwise, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to perform Type-1 sensing.
[0222] Another capability parameter that can affect the sensing task level assignment to the SA is the power mode or power level of the SA. In some implementations, the SAs with low-power mode or power saving mode may only be assigned with sensing task level 1 (Type-1) , while the SAs with regular power modes or power levels can be considered for all sensing task levels (i.e., the SAs with regular power modes or power levels may be assigned with sensing task levels 1 to 3) . It is because compared to the simple sensing task, in the case of the complex sensing task, the sensing agent may transmit more signals with higher power to sense the object, and the sensing agent may adopt more complex algorithms to obtain the sensing result, so that the sensing agent may consume more power.
[0223] FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of sensing task level assignment based on an SA’s capability, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. For example, with reference to FIG. 9, regarding SA 901, where d1 is the distance between SA 901 and the sensing target 904, X is the minimum value of length or width of the sensing target 904, and θ1 is the AoA resolution for the SA 901. In addition, the SA 901 is in regular power mode. In such case, the SA 901 may be assigned with sensing task level 3. Regarding SA 902, where d3 is the distance between SA 902 and the sensing target 904, X is the minimum value of length or width of the sensing target 904, and θ3 is the AoA resolution for the SA 902. In addition, the SA 902 is in regular power mode. In such case, the SA 902 may be assigned with sensing task level 2. Moreover, SA 903 is in low-power mode, and the SA 903 may not be assigned with any sensing tasks.
[0224] In some embodiments, the sensing agent may transmit information indicating the capability of the sensing agent to the network node. Accordingly, the network node may receive this information. The determination of the request for the sensing service by the sensing agent may be further based on this information. In this way, the network node may assign an appropriate sensing task to the sensing agent, and thus the network node may obtain an accurate result of sensing from the sensing agent.
[0225] In the present disclosure, the term “NW” may refer to the network node such as a network node in the core network or in the radio access network.
[0226] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0227] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise. The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable. The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0228] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0229] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0230] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0231] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0232] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0233] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0234] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0235] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0236] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method performed by a first device, the method comprising:receiving configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks;receiving a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; andtransmitting a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information comprises an identifier corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a definition corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks, a sensing measurement configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks or a report configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of sensing tasks comprise a level one sensing task, a level two sensing task and a level three sensing task.5.The method of claim 4, wherein for the level one sensing task:the definition comprises single-point object detection;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to obtain a position of an object; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report a detection status of the object.6.The method of claim 4, wherein for the level two sensing task:the definition comprises multi-point object detection;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report at least one of: a position of at least one detected point of the object, the category of the object, the shape of the object, or a power delay profile (PDP) of a signal that is reflected by the object.7.The method of claim 4, wherein for the level three sensing task:the definition comprises reconstruction of a target comprising at least one of an object or an environmental object;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to reconstruct the target, wherein reconstructing the target comprises obtaining one or more corner points and surface planes of the target to reconstruct a shape of the target ; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report at least one of:positions of the one or more corner points of the target;estimated planes representing surfaces of the target;locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the target;a velocity of the target;an orientation of the target;a heading of the target;a material category of the target; ora tag identifier of the target.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the request comprises at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task is determined based on a capability of the first device.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the capability of the first device comprises at least one of:an angle-of-arrival (AoA) resolution of the first device;a distance between the first device and an object; ora power mode or a power level of the first device.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising:transmitting information indicating the capability of the first device.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the report comprises information specifying that the report is related to the indication specified in the request.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting the report to a network node for processing the sensing measurements.14.A method performed by a second device, the method comprising:transmitting configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks;transmitting a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; andreceiving a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the configuration information comprises an identifier corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.16.The method of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a definition corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks, a sensing measurement configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks or a report configuration corresponding to each sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of sensing tasks comprise a level one sensing task, a level two sensing task and a level three sensing task.18.The method of claim 17, wherein for the level one sensing task:the definition comprises single-point object detection;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to obtain a position of an object; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report a detection status of the object.19.The method of claim 17, wherein for the level two sensing task:the definition comprises multi-point object detection;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to obtain details about an object, the details including a position of the object and at least one of a category of the object or a shape of the object; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report at least one of: a position of at least one detected point of the object, the category of the object, the shape of the object, or a power delay profile (PDP) of a signal that is reflected by the object.20.The method of claim 17, wherein for the level three sensing task:the definition comprises reconstruction of a target comprising at least one of an object or an environmental object;the sensing measurement configuration comprises information requiring the first device to reconstruct the target, wherein reconstructing the target comprises obtaining one or more corner points and surface planes of the target to reconstruct a shape of the target; andthe report configuration comprises information configuring the first device to report at least one of:positions of the one or more corner points of the target;estimated planes representing surfaces of the target;locations of estimated positioning reference points associated with planes representing the surfaces of the target;a velocity of the target;an orientation of the target;a heading of the target;a material category of the target; ora tag identifier of the target.21.The method of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the request comprises at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one identifier of the at least one sensing task is determined based on a capability of the first device.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the capability of the first device comprises at least one of:an angle-of-arrival (AoA) resolution of the first device;a distance between the first device and an object; ora power mode or a power level of the first device.24.The method of any one of claims 14 to 23, further comprising:receiving information indicating the capability of the first device.25.The method of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the report comprises information specifying that the report is related to the indication specified in the request.26.The method of any one of claims 14 to 25, wherein receiving the report comprises:receiving the report from a sensing agent.27.A device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.28.The device of claim 27, wherein the device comprises:a receiving unit configured to receive configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; and receive a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; ; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.29.The device of claim 27, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; and receive a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; and transmit a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.30.The device of claim 29, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.31.A device comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.32.A device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 14 to 26.33.The device of claim 32, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; and transmit a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; anda receiving unit configured to receive a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on the configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.34.The device of claim 32, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: transmit configuration information corresponding to each sensing task of a plurality of sensing tasks; transmit a request for a sensing service, wherein the request comprises an indication of at least one sensing task of the plurality of sensing tasks; and receive a report, the report comprising results of sensing measurements performed based on the configuration information corresponding to the at least one sensing task indicated in the request.35.The device of claim 34, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.36.A device comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.37.A communication system comprising a first device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 and a second device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.38.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 26.39.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 26.