Method, apparatus and system for dynamic sensing coverage allocation
The method for dynamic sensing coverage allocation improves sensing accuracy and reduces power consumption by allowing devices to request and receive updates for flexible sensing coverage adjustments, addressing the limitations of static coverage areas in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving high sensing accuracy and sustainability while managing energy consumption, particularly due to the limitations of base stations and user equipment nodes, which have static or semi-static coverage areas that can change dynamically over time, and the lack of flexibility in sensing coverage allocation.
A method for dynamic sensing coverage allocation, where devices can transmit coverage change requests and receive updates, allowing for flexible sensing coverage region adjustments based on capability reports and environmental conditions, reducing unnecessary changes and signaling overhead.
This approach enhances sensing performance by enabling more accurate and flexible sensing, reduces power consumption, and minimizes signaling overhead through dynamic coverage updates.
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Figure CN2024144304_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC SENSING COVERAGE ALLOCATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 696,209, filed on September 18, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies and, in particular, to a method, apparatus and system for dynamic sensing coverage allocation.BACKGROUND
[0003] In the design of future wireless communication and sensing systems, factors such as, but not limited to, high sensing accuracy, sustainability and energy consumption need to be considered. In the current wireless communication systems, there are two main types of nodes in the air interface of the network, namely, the base station or the Transmit Receive Point (TRP) and the User Equipment (UE) . TRPs or network nodes are connected to the core network. These nodes are normally fixed with known locations (except for Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) nodes) , have high transmit power and processing capability, and have a high dynamic range. However, these nodes are costly to implement at multiple locations and have static or semi-static coverage areas that can change dynamically over time.
[0004] The second type of nodes, namely the UEs, are distributed throughout the network, but their location is not known (due to mobility) , and these nodes may have limited transmit power and processing capability and limited dynamic range. Further, the UEs may not be available for providing sensing services.
[0005] In addition to these two types of nodes, there may be other types of network nodes such as relays and repeaters. These nodes do not produce independent sensing or communication signals, and their roles are limited to relaying signals or repeating the received sensing signals.SUMMARY
[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, apparatus and system for dynamic sensing coverage allocation.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a first device side, for example, a first device or a module in a first device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core that is responsible for a communication function in a first device) . The first device may be a terminal device. In an implementation, the first device may be a new type of terminal device which may be referred to as a sensing agent (SA) or a low-power sensing agent (LPSA) . In an implementation, the method is applied to a first device. The method includes: transmitting a coverage change request after detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in a sensing coverage region; and receiving a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.
[0008] In these embodiments, the current sensing coverage region may be updated flexibly. The first device may perform sensing in different regions after the sensing coverage region is updated. In this case the first device may perform sensing in a more flexible way, and the first device may obtain a more accurate sensing result, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0009] In a possible implementation, the method further comprises: receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises a configuration of the sensing coverage region.
[0010] In a possible implementation, the method further comprises: transmitting at least one capability report related to the first device, wherein the configuration information is based on the at least one capability report.
[0011] In this case, the configuration of the sensing coverage region is determined according to capability of the first device, the first device may be capable to sense the target in the sensing coverage region, and the first device may sense targets in the sensing coverage region reliably.
[0012] In a possible implementation, the at least one capability report comprises at least one of one or more operation modes, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution and beamforming and antenna configurations.
[0013] In a possible implementation, the capability report includes sensing function related capabilities of the first device.
[0014] In a possible implementation, the sensing function related capabilities include at least one of a type of sensing tasks that the first device supports, or a maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.
[0015] In a possible implementation, the configuration information further includes a configuration related to gridding for the sensing coverage region.
[0016] In this case, the sensing coverage region may be divided into smaller regions, and the smaller regions may be dynamically allocated to the first device, thereby further improving flexibility of changing or updating the sensing coverage region.
[0017] In a possible implementation, the configuration related to the gridding includes a type of the gridding.
[0018] In a possible implementation, the configuration related to the gridding includes configuration of one or more tiles related to the gridding.
[0019] In a possible implementation, the configuration of the one or more tiles includes at least one of geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles or dimensions of the one or more tiles.
[0020] In a possible implementation, configuration of the one or more tiles includes at least one of IDs or indices of the one or more tiles, mapping functions between the IDs and geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles, or IDs of one or more tiles in the sensing coverage region.
[0021] In a possible implementation, the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of the first device.
[0022] In a possible implementation, configuration information further includes thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter.
[0023] In this way, frequent trigger of change in the sensing coverage region may be avoided, thereby reducing power consumption and signaling overhead caused by unnecessary change in the sensing coverage region.
[0024] In a possible implementation, the at least one parameter includes at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the first device, and one or more capabilities of the first device.
[0025] In a possible implementation, transmitting the coverage change request includes transmitting the coverage change request to a second device.
[0026] In a possible implementation, receiving the coverage update message includes receiving the coverage update message from the second device. The second device may be a network node such as a TRP.
[0027] In a possible implementation, transmitting the coverage change request includes transmitting the coverage change request to at least one third device.
[0028] In a possible implementation, receiving the coverage update message includes receiving the coverage update message from the at least one third device. The third device may be another sensing agent.
[0029] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request includes IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0030] In this case, the first device may indicate the tiles of the updated sensing coverage region without indicating other information of the first device, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0031] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message includes an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.
[0032] In this case, the message may indicate whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted instead of indicating tiles of the updated sensing coverage region, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0033] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message further includes an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region.
[0034] In this case, the message may indicate tiles that are different from the first tiles, so that the second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region may not be limited with in the first tile, thereby improving the flexibility of allocating the tiles and updating the sensing coverage region.
[0035] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request includes an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.
[0036] In this case, the first device indicate the change in the at least one parameter instead of indicating the tiles of the updated sensing coverage region. As such, the first device may not need to determine the updated sensing coverage region on its own, and power consumption caused by determining the updated sensing coverage may be reduce.
[0037] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message includes an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0038] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied to a second device side, for example, a second device or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a second device. The second device may be a network node. For example, the method is applied to a second device. The method includes: receiving a coverage change request for updating a sensing coverage region; and transmitting a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.
[0039] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: transmitting configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises a configuration of the sensing coverage region.
[0040] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving at least one capability report related to a first device, wherein the configuration information is based on the at least one capability report.
[0041] In a possible implementation, the at least one capability report comprises at least one of one or more operation modes, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution, or beamforming and antenna configurations.
[0042] In a possible implementation, the at least one capability report comprises sensing function related capabilities of the first device.
[0043] In a possible implementation, the sensing function related capabilities comprise at least one of a type of sensing tasks that the first device supports, or a maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the configuration information further comprises a configuration related to gridding for the sensing coverage region.
[0045] In a possible implementation, the configuration related to the gridding comprises a type of the gridding.
[0046] In a possible implementation, the configuration related to the gridding comprises configuration of one or more tiles related to the gridding.
[0047] In a possible implementation, the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles or dimensions of the one or more tiles.
[0048] In a possible implementation, the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of IDs or indices of the one or more tiles, mapping functions between the IDs and geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles, or IDs of one or more tiles in the sensing coverage region.
[0049] In a possible implementation, the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of the first device.
[0050] In a possible implementation, the configuration information further comprises thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter that triggers a change in the sensing coverage region.
[0051] In a possible implementation, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the first device, or one or more capabilities of the first device.
[0052] In a possible implementation, receiving the coverage change request comprises receiving the coverage change request from the first device. The first device may be a sensing agent.
[0053] In a possible implementation, transmitting the coverage update message comprises transmitting the coverage update message to the first device.
[0054] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request comprises IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0055] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message comprises an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.
[0056] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message further comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region.
[0057] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request comprises an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.
[0058] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0059] According to a third aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a third device side, for example, a third device or a module in a third device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core that is responsible for a communication function in a third device) . The third device may be a terminal device. In an implementation, the third device may be a new type of terminal device which may be referred to as a sensing agent (SA) or a low-power sensing agent (LPSA) . In an implementation, the method is applied to a third device. The method includes: receiving a coverage change request for updating a sensing coverage region; and transmitting a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.
[0060] In a possible implementation, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the first device, or one or more capabilities of the first device.
[0061] In a possible implementation, receiving the coverage change request comprises receiving the coverage change request from a first device. The first device may be another terminal device such as a sensing agent.
[0062] In a possible implementation, transmitting the coverage update message comprises transmitting the coverage update message to the first device.
[0063] In a possible implementation, the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of a first device.
[0064] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request comprises IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0065] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message comprises an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.
[0066] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message further comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region.
[0067] In a possible implementation, the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request comprises an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.
[0068] In a possible implementation, the coverage update message comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0069] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0070] According to a fifth aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0071] According to a sixth aspect, an apparatus is described. The apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0072] According to a seventh aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0073] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0074] According to an eighth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0075] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0076] According to a ninth aspect, another apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect.
[0077] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0078] According to a tenth aspect, a system is described, the system including a first apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0079] According to a eleventh aspect, a system is described, the system including a first apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect.
[0080] According to a twelfth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the third aspect.
[0081] According to a thirteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the third aspect.
[0082] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0083] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0084] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0085] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0086] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0087] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.
[0088] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.
[0089] FIG. 6 illustrates a device interaction diagram for centralized dynamic coverage allocation in accordance with some embodiments.
[0090] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of gridding a sensing coverage region into 2D square tiles in accordance with some embodiments.
[0091] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of gridding a sensing coverage region into 2D angular tiles in accordance with some embodiments.
[0092] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of gridding a sensing coverage region based on range and angular directions in accordance with some embodiments.
[0093] FIG. 10 is another device interaction diagram for centralized dynamic coverage allocation in accordance with some embodiments.
[0094] FIG. 11 illustrates centralized dynamic coverage allocation for two sensing agents in accordance with some embodiments.
[0095] FIG. 12 illustrates different sensing coverage allocations in accordance with some embodiments.
[0096] FIG. 13 is a device interaction diagram for distributed dynamic coverage allocation in accordance with some embodiments.
[0097] FIG. 14 illustrates a scenario for distributed dynamic coverage allocation between multiple sensing agents in accordance with some embodiments.
[0098] FIG. 15 is another device interaction diagram for distributed dynamic coverage allocation in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0099] The solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication networks, such as a future network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network. The solutions may also be implemented in Wi-Fi, non-terrestrial network (NTN) , cloud and edge computing service, sensing services, or distributed or self-organized networks. In an example, the solutions may be applied to automated manufacturing systems in smart factories. In another example, the solutions may be applied to other intelligent vertical scenarios such as ports, delivery systems and medical systems.
[0100] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0101] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0102] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0103] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0104] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0105] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0106] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0107] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0108] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0109] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0110] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0111] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0112] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0113] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0114] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0115] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0116] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0117] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0118] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0119] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0120] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110 or a sensing agent) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatuses 310 and / or number of apparatuses 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 or sensing agent may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 or sensing agent may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110 or sensing agents.
[0121] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0122] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0123] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0124] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0125] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0126] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0127] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0128] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0129] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0130] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0131] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0132] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0133] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0134] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0135] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0136] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0137] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0138] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0139] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0140] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0141] The apparatus 510 may be a sensing agent side apparatus, for example, a sensing agent or a module in a sensing agent, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a sensing agent. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0142] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0143] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0144] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0145] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0146] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0147] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0148] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0149] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0150] Enabling network-wide sensing services in future wireless communication networks may necessitate heavily deploying sensing nodes or sensing agents having special characteristics and / or features. One feature is that these sensing nodes may have a precise known location to act as anchor points and / or reference points to provide sensing information. For example, in a positioning application, each anchor node may introduce a line of position or equation that relates the position of the target UE to the position of the anchor node. Another feature is that these sensing nodes may be available in a location that is near the target UE or object. For example, sensing nodes may be a few meters or tens of meters close to the target UE or object. This may reduce the power required for sensing operations due to the huge reduction in the path loss the sensing signals experience when traversing between the sensing node and the target UE or object. Additionally, this may reduce the probability of signal blockage and Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) biases.
[0151] To enable network-wide sensing, the known location of the sensing agent or generally the sensing state of the sensing agent is shared with the entity which calculates the sensing state of the target UE or object, e.g., a sensing management function (SeMF) . The sensing state of the sensing agent, such as, for example, the location or velocity of the target UE or object, may be represented as a function of one or more parameters of the sensing signals. The one or more parameters may include quality of the sensing signal, delay of the sensing signal, or doppler frequency shift of the sensing signal. The one or more parameters may require a frequent update and a large signaling overhead is incurred every time while the sensing agent sending the sensing signals and while embedding the sensing state of the sensing agent in the sensing signals.
[0152] To enable network-wide sensing, a joint estimation of the location of the sensing agent and one or more sensing parameters such as, but not limited to, location, timing, and sensing parameters of the target UE or object may be performed. This may require mutliple rounds of measurements and feedback in order to collect enough equations to estimate the location of the sensing agent and the sensing parameters of the target UE or object.
[0153] To enable network-wide sensing, assignment of sensing agents distributed across the network is enabled. These sensing agents may have precise known locations (and / or more generally sensing states) , and may be located near sensing targets.
[0154] Furthermore, a sensing node may sense a target within the coverage of the sensing node and the coverage of the sensing node may need to be adjusted flexibly. The flexibility of adjusting the sensing coverage of the sensing node needs to be improved in order to improve sensing performance.
[0155] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to devising a framework for dynamic and flexible allocation of sensing coverage areas of sensing agents in future wireless communication systems.
[0156] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for dynamically allocating variable size sensing coverage to sensing agents.
[0157] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining dynamic sensing coverage of sensing agents based on sensing agent capabilities, operation modes, energy / power levels, and functionalities, environmental conditions and system performance. A sensing coverage of a sensing agent may adapt to parameters such as, but not limited to, the capabilities, operation modes and functionalities of the sensing agents, the system performance and various environmental conditions.
[0158] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for a centralized and dynamic sensing coverage allocation to sensing agents. The method includes enabling changing the sensing coverage of sensing agents based on an event triggering a coverage change through a network node in a centralized manner. The centralized allocation procedure includes indicating coverage change requests to the network node by the sensing nodes and receiving a confirmation coverage updated indication by the network node. The method further includes statisfying the dynamic coverage changes of sensing agents while optimizing certain performance metrics. The method further includes indicating the indices of the sets of sensing tiles as sensing coverages of sensing agents.
[0159] In some embodiments, dynamic adjustment of sensing coverage may be performed by a first device and a second device. The dynamic adjustment of sensing coverage may be performed in a centralized way. In this case, the first device and the second device may be different type of devices and may communicate over uplink or downlink communication. For example, the first device may be a sensing agent, and the second device may be a network node. The sensing agent may be a new category of or UE. The network node may be a device in the access network such as a TRP or a function in the core network such as Sensing Management Function (SeMF) .
[0160] Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method 600 in accordance with some embodiments. The method 600 is performed by a network node and a sensing agent.
[0161] In step 601, the sensing agent transmits a coverage change request to the network node after or in response to detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in the sensing coverage region. Accordingly, the network node receives the coverage change request. The coverage change request may be used for updating the sensing coverage region.
[0162] For the purposes of this disclosure, the term “sensing coverage region” may also be referred to as “sensing coverage” or “variable size sensing coverage” and may be defined as the area surrounding the sensing agent across which the sensing agent can perform sensing related to a target (e.g., a UE) or an object reliably. In other words, the sensing coverage region refers to a coverage region of the sensing agent for performing sensing operations. The terms “target” and “object” may refer to what is to be sensed by the sensing agent and may be used interchangebly in the present disclisure. In this step, the network node may configure an initial sensing coverage region for the sensing agent.
[0163] In step 602, the network node transmits a coverage update message to the sensing agent. The coverage update message may indicate a coverage update. Accordingly, the sensing agent receives the coverage update message.
[0164] In these embodiments, in a case where one or more parameters change, the sensing agent may not be able to perform sensing in the current sensing coverage region, or the sensing agent may be able to perform sensing in other region in addition to the current sensing coverage region, which means that the current sensing coverage region may not always be an ideal region for the sensing agent to perform sensing. Then the current sensing coverage region may be updated flexibly, and thus the sensing agent may perform sensing in different regions after the sensing coverage region is updated. The sensing agent may perform sensing in a more flexible way, and the sensing agent may obtain a more accurate sensing result, thereby improving sensing performance.
[0165] In some embodiments, after step 602, the sensing agent may update the sensing coverage region according to the coverage update message. As such, the sensing coverage region may be changed flexibly.
[0166] Before step 601, in step 603, the network node may transmit configuration information including a configuration of a sensing coverage region to the sensing agent. Accordingly, the sensing agent may receive the configuration information.
[0167] The configuration of the sensing coverage region may include location of the sensing coverage region or range of the sensing coverage region.
[0168] In some embodiments, the sensing agent may further transmit at least one capability report related to the sensing agent to the network node. Accordingly, the network node may receive the at least one capability report. The network node may further determine the configuration information that is transmitted in step 601 based on the at least one capability report. In this case, the configuration information is based on the at least one capability report.
[0169] Since the configuration of the sensing coverage region is determined according to capability of the sensing agent, the sensing agent may be capable to sense the target in the sensing coverage region, and the sensing agent may sense targets in the sensing coverage region reliably.
[0170] In some embodiments, the at least one capability report includes at least one of one or more operation modes, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution or beamforming and antenna configurations.
[0171] The operation modes may include normal power mode, low power mode, extremely low power mode, active mode, inactive mode, idle mode, and sleeping mode. A sensing agent in a given operation mode may have certain capabilities and may be able to perform a certain type of sensing. For example, a sensing agent in the idle mode may have reduced capabilities and may be able to perform simple sensing task.
[0172] The maximum bandwidth refers to a difference between upper and lower frequencies in a continuous set of frequencies over which the sensing agent may transmit sensing signals.
[0173] The maximum range refers to a distance boundary of the sensing coverage region beyond which the sensing agent cannot sense the target reliably. The minimum range refers to a distance boundary of the sensing coverage region below which the sensing agent cannot sense the target reliably. In other words, the sensing agent may sense the target reliably in a case where the target is located in the area between the minimum range and maximum range.
[0174] The maximum angular span refers to an angular boundary of the sensing coverage region beyond which the sensing agent cannot sense the target, or beyond which the sensing agent cannot sense the target reliably. If the sensing agent can sense a target reliably, it means that the accuracy of sensing is above a certain threshold. If the sensing agent cannot sense a target reliably, it means that the accuracy of sensing is below a certain threshold.
[0175] The delay resolution refers to a smallest time interval at which the sensing agent can differentiate between two time instances.
[0176] The sensing frequency bands refer to the frequency band used for sensing. For example, the sensing frequency bands refer to the frequency bands used for transmitting sensing signals.
[0177] The angular resolution is a smallest angle at which the sensing agent can differentiate between two targets.
[0178] The beamforming and antenna configurations may include antenna type of the sensing agent, antenna pattern of the sensing agent, antenna gains of the sensing agent, or the number of antenna elements of the sensing agent in a case of antenna arrays.
[0179] In some implementations, the at least one capability report may also include sensing functionalities related capabilities (i.e., sensing function related capabilities) such as, but not limited to, at least one of a type of sensing tasks that the sensing agent supports, or the maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.
[0180] The type of sensing tasks may include: identifying a category of the target (e.g., car, bus, train, bike, or pedestrian) , sensing a pose of the target (e.g., standing, seating down, fallen on the floor) , sensing the status of the traffic (e.g., crowded, moderate or light) , sensing the environmental condition, sensing parameters (e.g., position, velocity or orientation) of the target, or sensing average parameters of a group of targets (e.g., a group velocity) . Sensing the environmental condition may include sensing weather condition (e.g., rainy, snowy, cloudy) or sensing surrounding objects (e.g., buildings, vegetation) . For example, sensing buildings may include sensing the size of the buildings (e.g., tall, short, wide) , sensing the relationship between different buildings (e.g., whether the different buildings have the same property or are located along a same building line) . Sensing the vegetation may include identifying the condition of the vegetation (e.g., whether the crops are ripe, whether the leaves of a tree have fallen down) .
[0181] The maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task refers to the maximum number of targets that the sensing agent is able to sense simultaneously.
[0182] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for gridding the sensing coverage region into smaller tiles or grid cells based on the functionality and capabilities of the sensing agent.
[0183] In some embodiments, the configuration information further includes a configuration related to gridding for the sensing coverage region.
[0184] In this case, the sensing coverage region may be divided into smaller regions, and the smaller regions may be dynamically allocated to the sensing agent, thereby further improving flexibility of changing or updating the sensing coverage region.
[0185] In some embodiment, the configuration related to gridding includes a type of the gridding. The type of the gridding may include two-dimensional (2D) gridding, three-dimensional (3D) gridding, angular only gridding, or angular and range-based gridding.
[0186] The configuration of the gridding related to the sensing coverage region may refer to configuration of gridding a sensing coverage region. The sensing coverage region may be defined as a geographical area that needs to be covered by sensing services. Gridding includes dividing the sensing coverage region into multiple smaller regions which may be referred to as tiles, location tiles, or grid cells.
[0187] In some embodiments, the configuration related to the gridding includes configuration of one or more tiles related to the gridding. The configuration of the one or more tiles may include locations or dimensions of the one or more tiles. A tile may also be referred to as a grid cell.
[0188] The locations of the one or more tiles may be represented by geographical coordinates. In such cases, the configuration of the one or more tiles may include at least one of geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles or dimensions of the one or more tiles. For example, the configuration information may include the configuration of the gridding such as the configuration of the tiles and the geographical coordinates of the tiles.
[0189] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for gridding the sensing coverage region into smaller tiles or grids with unique indices or IDs. The indices of the tiles may point to or be mapped to the geographical coordinates of the tiles.
[0190] In some embodiments, the configuration of the one or more tiles includes at least one of IDs or indices of the one or more tiles, mapping functions between the IDs and geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles, or IDs of one or more tiles in sensing coverage region.
[0191] In such case, the sensing coverage of the sensing agent may be defined as a set or group of tiles (i.e., grid cells) where each of these tiles (i.e., grid cells) is identified by an ID. The sensing coverage of each sensing agent is indicated by a set of tiles’ IDs. These tiles’ IDs may be predefined and the mapping between geographical coordinates of each tile and its ID may be preconfigured by the serving TRP. The configuration information may also include the IDs or indices of the tiles and the mapping functions between the IDs of the tiles and the geographical coordinates.
[0192] By transmitting the configuration information to the sensing agent, the TRP may indicate the IDs of the intial tiles to the sensing agent as an indication for its initial coverage. Moreover, the TRP may indicate to the sensing management function (SeMF) the same grid configuration information shared with sensing agents and the IDs of the initial tiles indicating the initial coverages.
[0193] As decribed above, each tile may be identified by an ID which is a unique ID (i.e., a unique tile ID) . The unique tile ID may include multiple sub-IDs where each sub-ID represents a layer in the tile ID. The tile ID may include the ID of the serving TRP (i.e., the serving TRP ID) as the first sub-ID or layer, sensing agent ID as the second sub-ID. The serving TRP ID and sensing agent ID may be followed by other sub-IDs including at least one of a time ID, frequency ID, or a spatial direction ID (i.e., angular direction ID) . For example, the serving TRP is a base station through which the sensing agent receives its configuration (e.g., the configuration information and the coverage update message) or the sensing agent reports its measurements to this base station or through the base station. The unique tile ID may be created based on a different combination of these sub-IDs used in a different order or hierarchy according to different implementations of the present disclosure.
[0194] In some embodiments, the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of the sensing agent.
[0195] For example, the division of the sensing coverage region into angular tiles depends on the beamforming capabilities of the sensing agent, such as, but not limited to, beamwidth and antenna configuration including, but not limited to, the type of the antenna, antenna patterns, gains and a number of antenna elements (in the case of antenna arrays) .
[0196] Different types of gridding will be illustrated below in conjunction with FIGS. 7-9.
[0197] In the case of 2D, the sensing coverage region or sensing area is divided into 2D location tiles which may be square, hexagonal, circular or elliptical tiles. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of gridding the sensing coverage region into 2D square tiles, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 depicts a street as a sensing coverage region, which is divided into 8 square tiles indexed by indices LT1 to LT8 , and each index is a number that indicates an entry in a set. For example, LT1 its index is 1 which indicates an ID of LT1. These tiles are together served by two sensing agents (i.e., SA1 and SA2) . Moreover, the sensing coverage of the two sensing agents are indicated by the indices of the respective tiles. In the example shown in FIG. 7, tiles LT1, LT2, LT3, and LT4 are served by SA1, and tiles LT5, LT6, LT7, and LT8 are served by SA2.
[0198] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of gridding the sensing coverage region into 2D angular tiles or sectors, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the sensing coverage region is divided into 2D angular tiles (AT) or sectors. The sensing coverage region is devided into sixteen tiles indexed by AT1 to AT16 and together served by three sensing agents (i.e., SA1, SA2, and SA3) . The boundary of the tiles is the furthest distance that can be covered be a corresponding sensing sgent. In the example shown in FIG. 8, tiles LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4 and LT5 are served by SA1, tiles LT6, LT7, LT8, and LT9 are served by SA2, and tiles LT10, LT11, LT12, LT12, LT12, LT15, and LT16 are served by SA3.
[0199] FIG. 9 illustrates gridding of a sensing coverage region based on range and angular directions. Referring to FIG. 9, the sensing coverage region is divided into angular directions or cones, in both azimuth and elevation dimension or in the azimuth dimension only, intersecting with many ranging circles or curves as seen in FIG. 9. In some implementations, the tile or grid cell is constructed as an intersection between two consecutive ranges (i.e., two adjacent curves) and one angular direction or cone.
[0200] The starting point of the grid may be the location of the sensing agent. The ranges centered around the location of the sensing agent may start from a minimum range below which the sensing agent cannot sense the target (e.g., a UE) or object reliably. The ranges centered around the location of the sensing agent may end at a maximum range beyond which the sensing agent cannot sense the target (e.g., UE) or object reliably. The maximum range may be defined based on the available energy levels or various power modes of the sensing agent. The step size between two consecutive ranges may increase as the ranges approach the maximum range.
[0201] For example, if the sensing agent can operate in three different power modes, depending on the available energy level, the sensing agent may have three predefined maximum ranges, one for each mode. The angular span (in azimuth and elevation or azimuth dimension) of the sensing agent may be divided into multiple angular directions or cones with a certain angular step size or angular widths. The angular width of the tile’s direction (or the tile’s cone) depends on the beamforming capabilities and antenna configuration of the sensing agent. For instance, the minimum step size in angular dimensions is a function of the angular resolution of the sensing agent antenna.
[0202] In some implementations, each tile (i.e., grid cell) can be allocated certain time / frequency resources. Some tiles (or grid cells) may be covered by multiple sensing agents. Thus, each sensing agent may be allocated different time / frequency resources for the tiles to decrease interference.
[0203] In some embodiments, the configuration information further includes thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter. In other words, the configuration information further includes thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter that triggers a change in the sensing coverage region. Each of the at least one parameter may be associated with a threshold.
[0204] In a case where the at least one parameter changes slightly, it may not be necessary to trigger the change in the sensing coverage region. In view of this, the network node may indicate thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter to the sensing agent. The sensing agent may detect different degree of change in the at least one parameter, and the sensing agent may transmit the coverage change request if the detected change is above the threshold. In this way, frequent trigger of change in the sensing coverage region may be avoided, thereby reducing power consumption and signaling overhead caused by unnecessary change in the sensing coverage region.
[0205] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter includes at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the sensing agent, and one or more capabilities of the sensing agent.
[0206] The environmental condition may refer to a current environmental condition associated with the sensing agent. In an implementation, the dynamic allocation of variable size sensing coverage may depend on the current environmental condition (s) . The environmental condition (s) may include quantity or density of objects surrounding the target to be sensed. For example, the sensing coverage may be reduced in case of high traffic in certain areas such as in highways, and more sensing agents may be assigned to perform sensing to densify sensing resources per unit area. The sensing resources may include time and frequency resources for transmitting a sensing signal In another example, in case of high traffic, a sensing agent may extend its sensing coverage to cover additional areas that may overlap with a coverage area of a neighbouring sensing agent. This aims to increase the sensing resources at the overlapping area.
[0207] The quality of the sensing service may refer to the quality of the sensing service that the sensing agent is to achieve. The quality of the sensing service may include accuracy of sensing, error of sensing, or other required performance. The sensing agent may request to reduce the sensing coverage region in order to improve the quality of the sensing service. In an example, the sensing agents may reduce their sensing coverage in order to reduce inter-agent interference and to boost performance. On the other hand, if the sensing agent does not neet to achieve a high quality of the sensing service, the sensing agent may request to increase the sensing coverage region.
[0208] The type of sensing tasks may include: identifying a category of the target, sensing a pose of the target, sensing the status of the traffic, sensing the environmental condition or weather condition, sensing parameters of the target, or sensing average parameters of a group of targets, which have been described above. The sensing agent may request to reduce the sensing coverage region in order to perform a more complex type of sensing task, otherwise the sensing agent may request to increase the sensing coverage region.
[0209] The operation mode may include active mode, inactive mode, idle mode, or power mode, which have been described above. In an implementation, the dynamic allocation of variable size sensing coverage may depend on the available energy levels of the sensing agent or the power mode of the sensing agent. For example, the sensing coverage is reduced in case the sensing agent enters a low power mode. In an example, the sensing coverage of a given sensing agent may vary based on an available energy level or power mode of the sensing agent, i.e., a sensing agent entering a low power mode may have to reduce its sensing coverage or sensing threshold or limit the sensing to a certain direction or a certain subspace.
[0210] The one or more capabilities of the sensing agent may refer to sensing functionality of the sensing agent which is the role of the sensing agent when performing sensing. The sensing functionality may be varied in different sensing tasks. The dynamic allocation of variable size sensing coverage may depend on the sensing functionality. For example, for positioning as a sensing application, where the sensing agents function as anchors, the sensing coverage of neighboring sensing agents may be increased to allow cooperative sensing, e.g., to enable sensing / positioning of a target UE by multiple sensing agents.
[0211] In an implementation, the network node may indicate the sensing agent to monitor the at least one parameter.
[0212] In some embodiments, the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request includes IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region. The one or more first tiles refer to tiles that the sensing agent requests to cover. The first tile may also be referred to as a new tile or a tile of a new coverage.
[0213] In this case, the sensing agent may indicate the tiles of the updated sensing coverage region without indicating other information of the sensing agent, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0214] To change its sensing coverage or allocation of the tiles, the sensing agent may send an explicit coverage change request to the network node, such as a serving TRP. The explicit coverage change request may include the tiles’ IDs of the new coverage or may indicate the indices of the new tiles, and may be transmitted to the network node (e.g., serving TRP) . The sensing agent may determine the tiles’ IDs of the new coverage according to the change in the at least one parameter.
[0215] In an implementation, once the sensing agent observes a trigger for its coverage, the sensing agent may indicate to the network node (e.g., TPR) an explicit coverage change request requesting for changing its own coverage. The explicit coverage change request may include the IDs of the new tiles that represent the new coverage of this sensing agent.
[0216] For example, the sensing agent is going to enter the low power mode and it monitors that there will be a change in the power mode. The sensing agent may then request to change its coverage from current tiles {1, 2, 3, 4} to new tiles {1, 2, 3} . In this case, the sensing agent may transmit an explicit change request indicating the new tiles {1, 2, 3} to the network node.
[0217] Upon receiving the explicit coverage change request, the network node (e.g., TRP) may check coverage and time / frequency resources of the neighboring sensing agents (i.e., neighboring sensing agents of the sensing agent) and manages their resources (e.g., manage sensing coverage for the sensing agent and the neighboring sensing agents) to optimize sensing coverage of the sensing coverage region or to optimize certain performance metrics (e.g., sensing error, misdetection) of the network node.
[0218] In a case where the sensing agent requests to free up some tiles, the network node may indicate other sensing agents to cover thiese tiles. In such case, the tiles may be covered by other sensing agent istead of being uncovered. Therefore, a terget in any one of these tiles may still be detected or sensed. On the other hand, in a case the sensing agent requests to cover more tiles, the network device may withdraw these tile from other sensing agents. In this case, these tiles may not be covered by differents sensing agents, thereby reducing power consumption of the sensing agent.
[0219] For example, upon receiving the explicit coverage change request, the network node may allocate to neighboring sensing agents some of the free resources (e.g., tiles freed up by the sensing agent) . Alternatively, the network node may withdraw some tiles from the neighboring sensing agents and assign these tiles to the sensing agent, or the network device may rearrang one or more resources for the neighboring sensing agents. This may trigger changes in the coverages of neighboring sensing agents. The network node (e.g., TRP) may then indicate new tiles to the sensing agent which initiated the coverage change request. The network node may further indicate other new tiles to the neighboring sensing agents.
[0220] In some embodiments, the coverage update message includes an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.
[0221] After receiving the coverage change request, the network node (e.g., serving TRP) may respond by an indication (e.g., confirmation coverage update indication) to confirm the updated coverage. The confirmation coverage update indication may be implemented as a binary flag confirming each tile’s ID in the tiles’ ID list or ID group or ID set shared by the sensing agent (i.e., IDs of the one or more first tiles included in the explicit coverage change request) .
[0222] In this case, the message may indicate whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted instead of indicating tiles of the updated sensing coverage region, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0223] The coverage update message may include a 1-bit indication for each tile that is indicated in the coverage change request. For example, the coverage change request indicates tiles {1, 2, 3} , and the network node may transmit the coverage update message indicating {1, 1, 0} where each bit indicate whethe the corresponding tile is accepted or not.
[0224] In some embodiments, the coverage update message further includes an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region. The one or more second tiles may refer to a new or an updated set of tiles different from the one or more first tiles or may include some of the tiles from the one or more first tiles.
[0225] In this case, the message may indicate tiles that are different from the first tiles, so that the second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region may not be limited within the first tile, thereby improving the flexibility of allocating the tiles and updating the sensing coverage region.
[0226] The confirmation coverage update indication sent by the serving TRP may include different tiles’ IDs indicated by the sensing agent.
[0227] In the above example where the coverage change request indicates tiles {1, 2, 3} and the TRP may transmit the coverage update message indicating {1, 1, 0} , the coverage update message may further indicate tiles {1, 2, 3, 5} or merely indicate tile 5.
[0228] In some embodiments, the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request includes an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.
[0229] In this case, the sensing agent may indicate the change in the at least one parameter instead of indicating the tiles of the updated sensing coverage region. As such, the sensing agent may not need to determine the updated sensing coverage region on its own, and power consumption of the sensing agent caused by determining the updated sensing coverage may be reduced.
[0230] An implicit coverage change request transmitted by the sensing agent may indicate to the network node (e.g., serving TRP) of an updated capability, operation mode or detection of dynamic changes in the environment.
[0231] In the case of the implicit coverage change request, the coverage update message includes an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.
[0232] The coverage update message in the case of the implicit coverage change request is similar to the coverage update message in the case of the explicit coverage change request. The difference is that the coverage update message in the case of the implicit coverage change request does not include the indication of whether the coverage change request is accepted.
[0233] As described above, the dynamic allocation of sensing coverage to sensing agents may be performed in a centralized way. In this case, the dynamic allocation of tiles’ IDs or sensing coverage to sensing agents can be performed in a centralized way. In the centralized dynamic coverage allocation, the tiles’ IDs allocated for each sensing agent are dynamically changed over time by the serving TRP due to various reasons, such as, for example, based on the sensing agent power modes.
[0234] FIG. 10 is a signaling diagram for centralized dynamic coverage allocation which illustrates example steps in a method for carrying out a centralized and dynamic coverage allocation, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In this implementation, the TRP acts as the network node that communicates with the sensing agent. The signaling diagram involves a network (NW) node in the core network, a TRP, and a sensing agent (SA) . FIG. 10 will be illustrated by taking an example where the network node in the core network is the SeMF.
[0235] Referring to FIG. 10, in step 1001, the sensing agent initially sends capability reports to the serving TRP. Accordingly, the TRP receives the capability reports. The capability reports may include information such as, but not limited to, hardware-related capabilities including, but not limited to, at least one of different power modes of the sensing agent, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution, or beamforming and antenna configurations.
[0236] In step 1002 , the serving TRP may indicate to the sensing agent, coverage and grid configurations (i.e., configuration information about the grid) which may include indexing, mapping, and the type of the gridding (e.g., 2D, 3D, angular only gridding, angular and range-based gridding) .
[0237] In step 1003, the TRP transmits the coverage and grid configurations to the SeMF. The coverage and grid configurations are identical to that transmitted in step 1002.
[0238] In step 1004, the sensing agent monitors parameters such as environmental condition, energy or power level which may triggering a coverage change. For example, the sensing agent may keep monitoring the issues that may trigger a coverage change, such as, for example, changes in environmental conditions, changes in its energy levels, or operation modes, changes in its capabilities (for example, reduced capabilities when in a low power mode) .
[0239] In step 1005, the sensing agent transmits an explicit coverage change request to the TRP.
[0240] After receiving the explicit coverage change request or the implicit coverage change request, in step 1007, the TRP checks coverage and time / frequency resources of other sensing agents (e.g., neighboring sensing agents) to guarantee coverage and certain performance metrics.
[0241] The serving TRP then processes the updates and responds back with a confirmation coverage update indication that includes the new tiles’ IDs for the updated coverage in step 1108. The TRP may indicate to the neighboring sensing agents confirmation coverage updates in case their coverages have to be updated given the optimization processing managed by the TRP.
[0242] In step 1009, the TRP update coverage for the sensing agent by transmitting the same confirmation coverage update indication to the SeMF.
[0243] In another implementation, instead of transmitting an explicit coverage change request in step 1005, the sensing agent may request to update its coverage implicitly in step 1006 by indicating an update to its capabilities, functionalities or the environmental conditions. The TRP may also indicate to the neighboring sensing agents confirmation coverage updates in case their coverages have to be updated given the optimization processing managed by the TRP. Finally, the TRP may update the SeMF with the updated coverage of the sensing agents.
[0244] In some embodiments, the method 600 may be applied to one TRP and multiple sensing agents. FIG. 11 illustrates a centralized dynamic coverage allocation for two sensing agents, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0245] As shown in FIG. 11, sensing agents 1101 and 1102 transmits coverage change requests to the TRP 1103 respectively. Accoringly, the TRP 1103 receives the coverage change requests. The TRP 1103 may determine wether the coverage change requests will be accepted. Subsequently, the TRP 1103 may transmit a coverage update message (e.g., confirmation coverage updates) to the sensing agents 1101 and 1102, respectively.
[0246] FIG. 12 illustrates two different sensing coverage allocations using square tiles for four different sensing agents, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 12, four sensing agents 1201, 1202, 1203 and 1204 are each assigned with a sensing coverage region intially. Once detecting change (s) in the at least one parameter, the four sensing agents transmit coverage change requests to a network node (not shown) , respectively. After receiving the coverage change requests, the network node may determine wether the change requests will be accepted. Subsequently, the network node may transmit messages indicating coverage updates to the four sensing agents, respectively. Upon receiving the messages indicating the coverage updates, the four sensing agents may update the sensing coverage region accordingly.
[0247] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for a distributed and dynamic sensing coverage allocation to sensing agents. The method includes enabling changing the sensing coverage of a sensing agent, which is the request initiator, based on an event triggering a coverage change, through a set of neighboring sensing agents in a distributed manner. The distributed allocation includes indicating coverage change requests to the neighboring sensing agents by the initiator sensing node and receiving a confirmation coverage upated indication by the neighboring sensing agents. The method further includes indicating the indices of sets of sensing tiles as sensing coverages of sensing agents.
[0248] The dynamic adjustment of sensing coverage performed in the distributed way is similar to the centralized way. The key difference is that the coverage change request is transmitted by a first sensing agent to a second sensing agent. Moreover, the coverage update message is transmitted by the second sensing agent to the first sensing agent. The first sensing agent may be referred to as an initiator or an initiator sensing agent, and the second sensing agent may be referred to as a responder or a responder sensing agent. The distributed dynamic coverage allocation is initiated by a sensing agent (i.e., an initiator) in a state when it is changing its own sensing coverage cooperating with a group of neighboring sensing agents (i.e., responders) .
[0249] In the distributed case, before the initiator transmits the coverage change request to the responder, the network node may transmit the configuration information to the initiator and / or the responder.
[0250] Reference is now made to FIG. 13, which illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method 130 in accordance with some embodiments. The method 130 is performed by an initiator and a responder.
[0251] In step 131, the initiator transmits a coverage change request to the responder upon detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in the sensing coverage region. Accordingly, the network node receives the coverage change request. The coverage change request may be used for updating the sensing coverage region.
[0252] In step 132, the responder transmits a coverage update message to the initiator. Accordingly, the initiator receives the coverage update message.
[0253] The initiator may receive configuration information from a network node before step 131, and the configuration information may include a configuration of a sensing coverage region which is an initial sensing coverage region of the initiator.
[0254] Detailed descriptions of the configuration information, the coverage change request and the coverage update message may refer to those in the centralized case, which will not be repeated here.
[0255] The distributed dynamic coverage allocation may be applied to multiple sensing agents. FIG. 14 illustrates a distributed dynamic coverage allocation between three sensing agents, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the dynamic allocation of the IDs of the tiles or sensing coverage to sensing agents may be performed in a distributed manner.
[0256] The initiator sensing agent 1401 sends, in a side link communication, a coverage change request to each neighboring sensing agent 1402 and 1403. The side link coverage change request comprises the IDs of the tiles that the initiator sensing agent is freeing up for the corresponding neighboring sensing agent. Since the IDs of the tiles are a function of the ID of the time and frequency resources, the neighboring sensing agents can identify the time and frequency resources that the initiator sensing agent is freeing up. Each neighboring sensing agent that receives the side link coverage change request, responds back with a confirmation coverage update indication in a side link communication.
[0257] In some implementations, the confirmation coverage update indication may be implemented as a binary flag confirming each tile’s ID in the tiles’ ID list / group / set that is shared (i.e., to be freed up) by the initiator sensing agent. In this way, the responder may indicate to the initiator whether the coverage change request is accepted. For example, the responder may indicate whether each of the tiles indicated by the coverage change request is accepted.
[0258] In some embodiments, the initiator may request to extend its sensing coverage region to cover more tiles. In this case, the responder may respond with the coverage update message, and the message may indicate whether the request is accepted. For example, the message may indicate whether each of the tiles indicated by the request is accepted.
[0259] FIG. 15 is a signaling diagram for a distributed dynamic coverage allocation which illustrates example steps of a method for carrying out a distributed and dynamic coverage allocation, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0260] Referring to FIG. 15, the sensing agents may send capability reports to their serving TRP in steps 1501 and 1502 respectively. The capability reports may include information such as, but not limited to, hardware-related capabilities including, but not limited to, at least one of different power modes of the sensing agent, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution, or beamforming and antenna configurations. The capability reports may also include sensing functionalities related capabilities such as, but not limited to, type of sensing tasks, and a maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.
[0261] In steps 1503 and 1504, the serving TRP may indicate to the sensing agents, configuration information about the grid which may include, but is not limited to, the type of the gridding (e.g., 2D, 3D, angular only gridding, angular and range-based gridding) . The configuration information may also include the configuration of the gridding and its tiles and the geographical coordinates of the tiles. The configuration information may further include IDs or indices of the tiles and the mapping functions between the IDs of the tiles and the geographical coordinates.
[0262] In some implementations, the TRP may indicate the IDs of the initial tiles to the sensing agent as an indication for its initial coverage.
[0263] In some implementations, the TRP may also indicate to the sensing agent configurations of the thresholds for the changes. For example, for environmental changes that are above or below certain thresholds, the sensing agent may request a coverage change.
[0264] In step 1505, the TRP may indicate to the sensing management function (SeMF) the same grid configuration information shared with sensing agents and the IDs of the initial tiles indicating the initial coverages.
[0265] In some implementations, In step 1506, sensing agents in the sensing coverage region associated with the serving TRP may continuously monitor for issues that may trigger a coverage change, e.g., changes in environmental conditions, changes in its energy levels, or operation modes, changes in its capabilities (reduced capabilities when in a low power mode, for example) .
[0266] In an implementation, once a sensing agent observes a trigger for a change in its coverage, the sensing agent may indicate to its neighboring sensing agents explicit coverage change requests using side link communication in step 1507.
[0267] Each neighboring sensing agent that receives the explicit coverage change request may respond back in step 1508 with a confirmation coverage update in a side link communication.
[0268] In an implementation, after receiving coverage confirmation updates, in step 1509, the initiator sensing agent may indicate to the TRP the IDs of the updated tiles (updated coverage) . In another implementation, in step 1510, the neighboring sensing agent may indicate to the TRP the IDs of the updated tiles (updated coverage) .
[0269] Finally, in step 1511, the TRP may update the SeMF with the updated coverage of the sensing agents.
[0270] It will be appreciated that the initiator may transmit an implicit coverage change request to the responder. In this case, the responder may act as a decider that may determine the updated sensing coverage region for the initiator, and may indicate the updated sensing coverage region to the initiator by transmitting the coverage update message.
[0271] It is noted that the message in the present disclosure may be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0272] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise. The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable. The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0273] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0274] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0275] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0276] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0277] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0278] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0279] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0280] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0281] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method performed at a first device, the method comprising:transmitting a coverage change request after detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in a sensing coverage region; andreceiving a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the first device, or one or more capabilities of the first device.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein transmitting the coverage change request comprises transmitting the coverage change request to a second device.4.The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the coverage update message comprises receiving the coverage update message from the second device.5.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein transmitting the coverage change request comprises transmitting the coverage change request to at least one third device.6.The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the coverage update message comprises receiving the coverage update message from the at least one third device.7.The method of any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of the first device.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request comprises IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the coverage update message comprises an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.10.The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the coverage update message further comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request comprises an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the coverage update message comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising:receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises a configuration of the sensing coverage region.14.The method of claim 13, further comprising:transmitting at least one capability report related to the first device, wherein the configuration information is based on the at least one capability report.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one capability report comprises at least one of one or more operation modes, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution, or beamforming and antenna configurations.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the at least one capability report comprises sensing function related capabilities of the first device.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the sensing function related capabilities comprise at least one of a type of sensing tasks that the first device supports, or a maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.18.The method of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the configuration information further comprises a configuration related to gridding for the sensing coverage region.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the configuration related to the gridding comprises a type of the gridding.20.The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the configuration related to the gridding comprises configuration of one or more tiles related to the gridding.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles or dimensions of the one or more tiles.22.The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of IDs or indices of the one or more tiles, mapping functions between the IDs and geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles, or IDs of one or more tiles in the sensing coverage region.23.The method of any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the configuration information further comprises thresholds for the change in the at least one parameter.24.A method performed at a second device, the method comprising:receiving a coverage change request for updating a sensing coverage region; andtransmitting a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of an environmental condition, a quality of a sensing service, a type of a sensing task, an operation mode of the first device, or one or more capabilities of the first device.26.The method of claim 24 or 25, wherein receiving the coverage change request comprises:receiving the coverage change request from a first device.27.The method of any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein transmitting the coverage update message comprises:transmitting the coverage update message to the first device.28.The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the sensing coverage region is divided into one or more tiles depending on beamforming capabilities of the first device.29.The method of any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein the coverage change request is an explicit coverage change request, and the explicit coverage change request comprises IDs of one or more first tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the coverage update message comprises an indication of whether the explicit coverage change request is accepted.31.The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the coverage update message further comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of the updated sensing coverage region.32.The method of any one of claims 24 to 31, wherein the coverage change request is an implicit coverage change request, and the implicit coverage change request comprises an indication of the change in the at least one parameter.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the coverage update message comprises an indication of IDs of one or more second tiles of an updated sensing coverage region.34.The method of any one of claims 24 to 33, further comprising:transmitting configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises a configuration of the sensing coverage region.35.The method of claim 34, further comprising:receiving at least one capability report related to a first device, wherein the configuration information is based on the at least one capability report.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one capability report comprises at least one of one or more operation modes, a maximum bandwidth, a maximum range, a minimum range, a maximum angular span, a delay resolution, sensing frequency bands, angular resolution, or beamforming and antenna configurations.37.The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the at least one capability report comprises sensing function related capabilities of the first device.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the sensing function related capabilities comprise at least one of a type of sensing tasks that the first device supports, or a maximum number of simultaneous target detections per sensing task.39.The method of any one of claims 34 to 38, wherein the configuration information further comprises a configuration related to gridding for the sensing coverage region.40.The method of claim 39, wherein the configuration related to the gridding comprises a type of the gridding.41.The method of claim 39 or 40, wherein the configuration related to the gridding comprises configuration of one or more tiles related to the gridding.42.The method of claim 41, wherein the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles or dimensions of the one or more tiles.43.The method of claim 41 or 42, wherein the configuration of the one or more tiles comprises at least one of IDs or indices of the one or more tiles, mapping functions between the IDs and geographical coordinates of the one or more tiles, or IDs of one or more tiles in the sensing coverage region.44.The method of any one of claims 34 to 33, wherein the configuration information further comprises thresholds for a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in the sensing coverage region.45.A device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 23.46.The device of claim 45, wherein the device comprises:a transmitting unit configured to transmit a coverage change request after detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in a sensing coverage region; anda receiving unit configured to receive a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.47.The device of claim 45, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: transmit a coverage change request after detecting a change in at least one parameter that triggers a change in a sensing coverage region; and receive a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.48.The device of claim 47, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.49.A device comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 23.50.A device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 24 to 44.51.The device of claim 50, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a coverage change request for updating a sensing coverage region; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.52.The device of claim 50, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive a coverage change request for updating a sensing coverage region; and transmit a coverage update message, wherein the coverage update message indicates an update to the sensing coverage region.53.The device of claim 52, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.54.A device comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 24 to 44.55.A communication system comprising a first device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 23 and a second device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 24 to 44.56.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 44.57.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 44.