Communication method and apparatus, electronic device, and related products
By alternating transmission and reception in separate time periods for UWB MMS packets, the method addresses inefficiencies in existing UWB MMS ranging, improving operational complexity and compatibility with existing standards.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing UWB MMS ranging solutions lack efficiency and complexity in switching between transmitting and receiving operations, particularly in non-interleaved communication scenarios, which is not fully addressed by IEEE 802.15.4ab.
Implementing a communication method where UWB MMS packets are transmitted and received in separate time periods, with an initiator and responder alternating between transmission and reception based on frames like SOR or Poll frames, ensuring non-interleaved fragment transmission to reduce operational complexity.
This approach reduces the operational complexity of UWB devices by minimizing frequent switching between transmission and reception, enhancing communication efficiency and compatibility with existing UWB standards.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024122002_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RELATED PRODUCTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, and more particularly to communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is increasingly being used for indoor positioning and other location services such as access control and asset locating. Aside from the traditional ranging use case, other use cases, such as device free sensing, Downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , and long-range ranging, are being actively investigated.
[0003] To address the long-range ranging use case, UWB Multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging has been introduced in 802.15.4ab. Several solutions have been proposed for UWB MMS ranging. However, there is still space for improvement on solutions for UWB MMS ranging.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at an initiator, for example, an initiator, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an initiator, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of an initiator.
[0006] The method comprises: transmitting a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time; transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; and receiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, wherein the second time period is after the first time period.
[0007] In such case, the initiator only performs transmitting in the first time period while the responder only performs receiving in the first time period according to the instruction of the first frame. Moreover, the initiator only performs receiving in the second time period while the responder only performs transmitting in the second time period according to the instruction of the first frame. As such, the initiator and the responder may not have to switch frequently between transmitting and receiving, thereby reducing the operation complexity of the initiator and the responder.
[0008] In a possible design, the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0009] Since the SOR frame is an existing frame, the solution may be backward compatible.
[0010] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time , and transmitting the first frame comprises: transmitting the SOR frame in response to the ADV-RESP frame.
[0011] In this case, the responder may request that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, and the initiator may determine that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time based on the request from the responder. The initiator may obtain request from the responder, and may further determine the transmission mode (i.e., whether MMS packets are to be interleaved or non-interleaved) of MMS packets for ranging, thereby improving the communication performance.
[0012] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet; and receiving a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before receiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, wherein the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0013] In a possible design, the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the method further comprises: receiving a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments and before receiving the one or more second fragments, wherein the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0014] Since the first Poll frame is an existing frame, the solution may be backward compatible.
[0015] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.
[0016] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the second Response frame.
[0017] In such case, the initiator transmits the first MMS packet after receiving the second Response frame. Otherwise, the initiator may not transmit the first MMS packet. As such, the initiator may transmit the first MMS packet if the responder is prepared to receive the first MMS packet, while the initiator may not transmit the first MMS packet if the responder is not prepared to receive the first MMS packet, thereby improving the efficiency of communication between the initiator and the responder.
[0018] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame, and wherein receiving the second MMS packet comprises: receiving the second MMS packet after transmitting the second Poll frame.
[0019] In such case, the responder transmits the second MMS packet after receiving the second Poll frame. Otherwise, the responder may not transmit the second MMS packet. As such, the responder may transmit the second MMS packet if the initiator is prepared to receive the second MMS packet, while the responder may not transmit the second MMS packet if the initiator is not prepared to receive the second MMS packet, thereby improving the efficiency of communication between the initiator and the responder.
[0020] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, wherein the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.
[0021] In a possible design, the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the method further comprises: receiving a second report frame and / or transmitting a first report frame in the second time period after receiving the second MMS packet, wherein the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0022] In a possible design, the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the method further comprises: transmitting one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, wherein the third time period is after the second time period; and receiving a fourth report frame and / or transmitting a third report frame in the third time period after transmitting the one or more third fragments, wherein the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.
[0023] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting a third Poll frame after receiving the one or more second fragments and before transmitting the one or more third fragments, wherein the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.
[0024] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the third Response frame.
[0025] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.
[0026] In this way, the responder may know that which type of the timing measurement result is required to be carried in the report frame.
[0027] In a possible design, the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the fourth field comprises at least one of:
[0028] a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0029] a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0030] a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or
[0031] a fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0032] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.
[0033] In this way, the responder may know the number of the time periods to be used in the ranging measurement, and may perform ranging accordingly.
[0034] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.
[0035] In this way, the responder may know the duration of at least one of time periods.
[0036] In a possible design, the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.
[0037] Since the Management MAC Configuration field or round control field is an existing field, the solution may be backward compatible.
[0038] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a responder, for example, a responder, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a responder, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a responder.
[0039] The method comprises: receiving a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time; receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; and transmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, wherein the second time period is after the first time period.
[0040] In a possible design, the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0041] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, wherein the SOR frame is responsive to the ADV-RESP frame.
[0042] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet; and transmitting a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before transmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, wherein the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0043] In a possible design, the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the method further comprises: transmitting a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments and before transmitting the one or more second fragments, wherein the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0044] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.
[0045] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is received after transmitting the second Response frame.
[0046] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame, and wherein transmitting the second MMS packet comprises: transmitting the second MMS packet after receiving the second Poll frame.
[0047] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, wherein the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.
[0048] In a possible design, the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the method further comprises: transmitting a second report frame and / or receiving a first report frame in the second time period after transmitting the second MMS packet, wherein the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0049] In a possible design, the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the method further comprises: receiving one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, wherein the third time period is after the second time period; and transmitting a fourth report frame and / or receiving a third report frame in the third time period after receiving the one or more third fragments, wherein the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.
[0050] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving a third Poll frame after transmitting the one or more second fragments and before receiving the one or more third fragments, wherein the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.
[0051] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is received after transmitting the third Response frame.
[0052] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.
[0053] In a possible design, the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the fourth field comprises at least one of:
[0054] a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0055] a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0056] a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or
[0057] a fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0058] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.
[0059] In a possible design, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.
[0060] In a possible design, the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.
[0061] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0062] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0063] According to a fifth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0064] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0065] The communication apparatus may be an initiator, a module in an initiator or a chip responsible for a communication function in an initiator, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0066] According to a sixth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0067] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0068] The communication apparatus may be a responder, a module in a responder or a chip responsible for a communication function in a responder, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0069] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0070] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0071] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0072] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0073] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0074] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates a block-based time structure.
[0076] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of UWB MMS ranging session.
[0077] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an operation of SS-TWR with two messages.
[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an operation of DS-TWR with three message.
[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates examples of Narrowband Assisted Multi-millisecond ranging and UWB driven UWB MMS ranging.
[0080] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of SS-TWR.
[0081] FIG. 8 illustrates a device interaction diagram of method 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0082] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of SS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0083] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0084] FIG. 11 illustrates another example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0085] FIG. 12 illustrates another example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0086] FIG. 13 illustrates an example O2M DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0087] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of O2O DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0088] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of deferent types of timing measurements in accordance with some embodiments.
[0089] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an ADV-RESP Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0090] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a SOR Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0091] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a Poll Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0092] FIG. 19 is another schematic diagram of a Poll Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0093] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the Management MAC Configuration field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0094] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a Response Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0095] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an Initiator Report Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0096] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another Responder Report Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0097] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of another Initiator Report Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0098] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of another Responder Report Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0099] FIG. 26 illustrates a device interaction diagram of method 2600 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0100] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the Message Content field of the Poll compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0101] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of OWR in accordance with some embodiments.
[0102] FIG. 29 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0103] FIG. 30 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0104] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is increasingly being used for indoor positioning and other location services such as access control and asset locating. Aside from dedicated devices and tags, UWB radios are becoming increasingly common in other devices such as high end smartphones. The UWB physical layers (PHYs) and media access control (MAC) are standardized by the IEEE and the most recent related IEEE publication are the IEEE 802.15.4-2020 and the IEEE 802.15.4z. In addition, a task group, 802.15.4ab is actively working on enhancements to the UWB technologies.
[0105] Aside from the traditional ranging use case, other use cases, such as device free sensing, Downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , and long-range ranging, are being actively investigated. To address the long-range ranging use case, Multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging has been introduced in 802.15.4ab. The key idea behind MMS ranging is to distribute UWB ranging frames into multiple fragments and the fragments are transmitted across multiple milliseconds (ms) , thereby overcoming the emitted energy limit of 37 nJ per ms. In MMS ranging, the number of fragments required for the ranging depends on the range to be measured as well as the channel conditions, and hence may be dynamically adjusted even within the same ranging session. The MMS ranging may be further enhanced by a high-performance narrowband (NB) radio which is used to provide time synchronization for the UWB radio and is also used for control signaling. This is termed as NBA-UWB MMS ranging.
[0106] To facilitate an understanding of solutions in the present disclosure, relevant terms will be introduced as follows.
[0107] A controller is a device that controls a UWB session and defines session parameters. A controlee is a device that utilizes the session parameters received from the controller to participate in the UWB session.
[0108] An initiator is a device that initiates a UWB exchange by sending a message of the exchange. An initiator may be a controller or a controlee that follows an instruction from the other controller. A responder is a device that responds to the message received from the initiator and participates in the UWB exchange. A responder may be a controller or a controlee.
[0109] An anchor device is a device that act as a reference point used to determine a position of a tag. A tag is a device that receives signals from an anchor device to determine its position
[0110] An advertiser is a device that regularly broadcasts data packets containing information about itself, allowing other devices to discover and connect to it. An observer is a device that listens to data packets broadcasted by an advertiser and takes appropriate actions based on the received data packets.
[0111] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100. As shown in FIG. 1, in the communication system 100, a first device 110 may perform ranging with other device (s) , such as a second device 120 and a third device 130. The ranging may be for TWR ranging applications or may also be for OWR applications, such as Angle of Arrival (AoA) , and time difference of arrival (TDOA) .
[0112] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be a controller while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be controlees. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be an initiator while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be responders. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be an anchor device while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be tags. In some other embodiments, the second device may be an advertiser while the first device 110 and the third device 130 may be observers.
[0113] It will be understood that the number of devices in the communication system 100 may be two or more, which is not limited herein.
[0114] FIG. 2 illustrates a block-based time structure defined in 802.15.4z for block-based mode of ranging. Each ranging block may consist of a whole number of ranging rounds, where a ranging round is a period of sufficient duration to complete one entire range-measurement cycle involving a set of enhanced ranging capable devices (ERDEVs) participating in the ranging exchange. Each ranging round may further be subdivided into an integer number of ranging slots where a ranging slot is a time period of sufficient duration for the transmission of at least one ranging frame (RFRAME) . The block-based mode uses a structured timeline where the ranging block structure is periodic by default. It will be understood that the unmarked blocks in FIG. 2 may or may not be used for ranging measurement, which is not limited herein.
[0115] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of UWB MMS ranging (simply put, MMS ranging) session in IEEE 802.15.4ab. An MMS ranging session may include an initialization and setup phase followed by one or more range-measurement cycles. During the initialization and setup phase, frames are transmitted in an initialization channel, while during the range-measurement cycles, frames are transmitted in a ranging channel. While it is possible to use the same channel as both the initialization channel and the ranging channel, it is more likely that one or more well-known channels will be used as the initialization channel.
[0116] In the initialization and setup phase, an initiator and a responder may negotiate ranging configuration which may be different from the default configuration defined by 802.15.4ab. The initiator may transmit advertising poll (ADV-POLL) frames opportunistically at times and intervals to its discretion. The responder may opportunistically listen for incoming ADV-POLL frames and respond with an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame if the responder intends to participate in a ranging session with the initiator. Once the initiator receives an ADV-RESP frame, it may transmit a start of ranging (SOR) frame that indicates a time offset at which a first range-measurement cycle will start. As shown in FIG. 3, a range- measurement cycle may include a ranging control phase, a ranging phase, and may further include a report phase. The ranging control phase may start at the beginning of the range-measurement cycle. An initiator may start the ranging control phase by transmitting a POLL frame to a responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of a ranging round. The responder may receive the POLL frame and then transmit a RESP frame to the initiator in response to the POLL frame. The POLL and RESP frames allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization.
[0117] In the ranging phase, the initiator and the responder may exchange UWB MMS packets (simply put, MMS packets) including one or more fragments. An MMS packet may include one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) and / or one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) . The RSFs are used to perform ranging measurements while the RIFs are used to check the integrity of the ranging measurements. An MMS packet may be an RSF-only MMS packet, a RIF-only MMS packet, or a mixed MMS packet. An RSF-only MMS packet may only include RSFs. An RIF-only MMS packet may only include RIFs. A mixed MMS packet may include RSFs and RIFs. In a mixed MMS packet format for ranging integrity, the RIFs may follow the RSFs.
[0118] After the initiator or the responder completes the reception of all fragments for the ranging phase, the report phase may start in which the initiator and / or the responder may generate a ranging measurement report, and send a RPRT frame carrying the ranging measurement report to the peer device.
[0119] Several ranging and localization methods such as single-sided two-way ranging (SS-TWR) and double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) are described in IEEE 802.15.4z. SS-TWR involves a measurement of the round-trip delay of a single message from one device to another and a response sent back to the original device. DS-TWR is an extension of SS-TWR in which two round-trip time measurements are used and combined to give the time of flight (TOF) result with a reduced error in the presence of uncorrected clock frequency offset even for quite long response delays. During the ranging phase, a ranging marker (RMARKER) is used to measure the timestamp that is reported in the ranging measurement report.
[0120] There may be multiple responders corresponding to one initiator in one ranging session, and each responder performs ranging similarly, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0121] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an operation of SS-TWR with two messages. As shown in FIG. 4, device A and device B may precisely measure the transmission and reception times of the messages, and the resultant TOF may be estimated as by Equation (1) :
[0122] where Tround is the round-trip time and Treply is the reply time.
[0123] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an operation of DS-TWR with three messages. As shown in FIG. 5, device A initiates the first round-trip time measurement to which device B responds, after which device B initiates the second round-trip time measurement to which device A responds, thereby completing the full DS-TWR exchange, and Tprop is the propagation time of the RMARKER between the devices.
[0124] Each device may precisely measure the transmission and reception times of the messages, and the resultant TOF may be estimated as by Equation (2) :
[0125] where Tround is the round-trip time, and Treply is the reply time.
[0126] Device A in FIG. 4 or 5 may be an initiator, and device B in FIG. 4 or 5 may be a responder.
[0127] For all legacy PHYs (e.g., 802.15.4z) , the RMARKER is defined to be the time when the beginning of the first symbol following the start-of-frame delimiter (SFD) of the RFRAME is at the local antenna. For MMS packets, the RMARKERs for the RSF and the RIF are called RSF-RMARKER and RIF-RMARKER respectively. For RSF-only MMS packets or for mixed MMS packets, the RSF-RMARKER is defined as a peak of a first pulse in a first RSF. For RIF-only MMS packets or for mixed MMS packets, each RIF includes two RIF-MARKERs, which are defined as a peak of a first pulse and a peak of the last pulse respectively.
[0128] A MMS packet may include X RSFs and Y RIFs, where X and Y are integer greater than one. X and Y may be of a same value or different values. Values of X and / or Y may be same or different between different MMS packets. Embodiments are illustrated with each MMS packet including X RSFs and Y RIFs.
[0129] The MMS ranging comes in two flavors as shown in FIG. 6: (1) Narrowband Assisted Multi-millisecond (NBA UWB MMS) ranging in which ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB while control signals are transmitted using narrow band (using the O-QPSK PHY specified in IEEE 802.15.4-2020) ; (2) UWB driven UWB MMS ranging in which control frames as well as ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB. In UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, an UWB packet consisting only of the SYNC field and SFD field indicates the start of the MMS packet. An MMS packet may be an RSF-only MMS packet consisting of one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSF) fragments, a RIF-only MMS packet consisting of one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIF) , or a mixed MMS packet consisting of both RSFs and RIFs. In a mixed MMS packet format for ranging integrity, one or more RIFs may follow the RSFs.
[0130] The MMS ranging discussed in IEEE 802.15.4ab is targeted at SS-TWR and assumes that an initiator and responder (s) participate in ranging sessions by transmitting UWB MMS packets that are interleaved in time.
[0131] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of SS-TWR in conventional solution. In an initialization and setup phase, an initiator transmits an advertising poll (ADV-POLL) frame. A responder listens and receives the ADV-POLL frame and responds with an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame. Once the initiator receives the ADV-RESP frame, it transmits a start of ranging (SOR) frame that indicates a time offset at which a range-measurement cycle will start. Subsequently, the initiator starts a ranging control phase by transmitting a POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of a ranging round. The responder receives the POLL frame and transmits a response (RESP) frame to the initiator in response to the POLL frame. The POLL and RESP frames allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization.
[0132] In a ranging phase, the initiator transmits an MMS packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., I-RSF-1, I-RSF-2, …I-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., I-RIF-1, I-RIF-2, …I-RSF-Y) , and the responder transmits a packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., R-RSF-1, R-RSF-2, …R-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., R-RIF-1, R-RIF-2, …R-RSF-Y) . In addition, the multiple I-RSFs and the multiple R-RSFs are transmitted interleaved in time, that is, the multiple I-RSFs and the multiple R-RSFs are transmitted one by one. The multiple I-RIFs and the multiple R-RIFs are also transmitted interleaved in time, that is, the multiple I-RIFs and the multiple R-RIFs are transmitted one by one. Any two RSFs or RIFs are 1 ms apart while the last RSF and the first RIF is 2 ms apart in time.
[0133] In a measurement reporting phase, at least one of the initiator and the responder transmits a Report frame to the peer device. The Report frame transmitted by the responder may indicate the Reply-time computed by the responder while the Report frame transmitted by the initiator may indicate the Round-trip time computed by the initiator. The responder computes the Reply-time (Treply in FIG. 4) based on the received time of the RMARKER in the first RSF from the initiator and the transmit time of the RMARKER in its first RSF, and sends the Reply-time to the initiator in its Report frame. Similarly, the initiator computes the Round-trip time (Tround in FIG. 4) based on the transmit time of the RMARKER in its first RSF and the received time of the RMARKER in the first RSF from the responder, and sends the Round-trip time to the responder in its Report frame.
[0134] However, how to perform TWR using non-interleaved MMS packets is not specified in IEEE 802.15.4ab, and the signaling aspects for enabling TWR using non-interleaved MMS packets are not fully disclosed.
[0135] For at least one of the above problems, solutions are proposed to enhance the initialization and setup phase of the UWB MMS ranging, and also to enhance the ranging and reporting phases of the UWB MMS ranging to enable TWR using non-interleaved MMS packets.
[0136] The present disclosure is applicable in any application scenario that uses the UWB MMS ranging, such as tags, smartphones, laptops, key fobs, vehicles, door locks, garages, hotel rooms, or elevators.
[0137] FIG. 8 illustrates a device interaction diagram of method 800 in accordance with some embodiments. Referring to FIG. 8, the device interaction involves an Initiator and a Responder. The method 800 may be implemented in the communication system 100. The initiator may be the device 100 in FIG. 1, and the responder may be the device 120 or 130 in FIG. 1.
[0138] In step 801, the initiator transmits a first frame to the responder. Accordingly, the responder receives the first frame. The first frame includes a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by the initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by the responder are non-interleaved in time.
[0139] Two MMS packets are non-interleaved means that one MMS packet is transmitted after transmission of another MMS packet is complete. In other words, fragments of one MMS packet are not transmitted alternately with fragments of another MMS packet.
[0140] In step 802, the initiator transmits the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period. Accordingly, the responder receives the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet.
[0141] A time period may be a sub-round of a ranging round, or may be a ranging round.
[0142] In step 803, the responder transmits the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period. Accordingly, the initiator receives the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet. The second time period is after the first time period.
[0143] In the example shown in FIG. 8, the initiator and the responder transmit the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet that are non-interleaved in time according to an instruction of the first frame. In such case, the initiator only performs transmitting in the first time period while the responder only performs receiving in the first time period according to the instruction of the first frame. Moreover, the initiator only performs receiving in the second time period while the responder only performs transmitting in the second time period according to the instruction of the first frame. As such, the initiator and the responder may not have to switch frequently between transmitting and receiving, thereby reducing the operation complexity of the initiator and the responder.
[0144] For ease of understanding, embodiments of the present disclosure for different cases will be described blow.
[0145] Case 1: the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0146] In case 1, the initiator may transmit the SOR frame before the ranging phase starts so that the responder may be informed of the TWR mode (i.e., whether non-interleaved MMS packets will be used) ahead of time.
[0147] In some embodiments, the responder further may transmit an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame including a second field. The second field is used for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time. Accordingly, the initiator receives the ADV-RESP frame. In such case, in step 802, the initiator transmits the SOR frame in response to the ADV-RESP frame.
[0148] In this case, the responder may request that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, and the initiator may determine that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time based on the request from the responder. The initiator may obtain request from the responder, and may further determine the transmission mode (i.e., whether MMS packets are to be interleaved or non-interleaved) of MMS packets for ranging, thereby improving the communication performance.
[0149] In some embodiments, the initiator further transmits a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet. Accordingly, the responder receives the first Poll frame. The first Poll frame may further indicate that the first and second MMS packets are non-interleaved in time to reconfirm what was indicated in SOR.
[0150] The responder may further transmit a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before transmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet. The first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet. Accordingly, the initiator receives the first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before receiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet.
[0151] In such case, the initiator receives the first Response frame and the second MMS packet after transmitting the first Poll frame and the first MMS packet, and the responder transmits the first Response frame and the second MMS packet after receiving the first Poll frame and the first MMS packet. In this way, the initiator and the responder may not have to switch frequently between transmitting and receiving, thereby reducing the operation complexity of the initiator and the responder.
[0152] Case 2: the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement.
[0153] In case 2, the responder further transmits a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments and before transmitting the one or more second fragments. The first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet. Accordingly, the initiator receives the first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments and before receiving the one or more second fragments.
[0154] In such case, since the first Poll frame is an existing frame, using the first Poll frame as the first frame makes the embodiments back-ward compatible. Moreover, the initiator and the responder may not have to switch frequently between transmitting and receiving, thereby reducing the operation complexity of the initiator and the responder.
[0155] In some embodiments of case 1 and case 2, the first frame further includes a third field indicating a ranging mode, and the ranging mode may be Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.
[0156] In such case, the responder may know which ranging mode is applied for ranging and may further perform ranging according to the ranging mode.
[0157] Embodiments in case 1 and case 2 may be applied to each example shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, respectively.
[0158] Embodiments of ranging modes in two different designs will be described below in conjunction with FIGS. 9 to 15.
[0159] Design 1: the ranging mode is the SS-TWR.
[0160] In design 1, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each may include one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) .
[0161] In such case, the responder may further transmit a second report frame in the second time period after transmitting the second MMS packet, and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder. The timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0162] The initiator may further transmit a first report frame, and the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator. Similarly, the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0163] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of SS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments. In this example, there are two sub-rounds in the ranging round and the Report frames are transmitted at the end of the second sub-round, and the MMS packets are non-interleaved.
[0164] In an initialization and setup phase, NB is used to transmit control frames. The initiator may first transmit an ADV-POLL frame. The responder may listen and receive the ADV-POLL frame and respond with an ADV-RESP frame. Once the initiator receives the ADV-RESP frame, it may transmit a SOR frame (i.e., SOR Compact frame) that indicates a time offset at which a range-measurement cycle will start.
[0165] In a ranging round after the initialization and setup phase, ranging is performed using UWB. The ranging round includes two sub-rounds.
[0166] In the first sub-round, the initiator may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a first POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the first sub-round. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first POLL frame. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., I-RSF-1, I-RSF-2, …I-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., I-RIF-1, I-RIF-2, …I-RSF-Y) . Accordingly, the responder may receive the first MMS packet. Any two RSFs or RIFs may be 1 ms apart while the last RSF and the first RIF may be 2 ms apart in time.
[0167] In the second sub-round, the responder may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a first RESP frame to the initiator at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the second sub-round, and the first RESP frame indicates that a second MMS packet is to be transmitted by the responder. The first POLL frame and the first RESP frame allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the second sub-round, the responder may transmit a second MMS packet including multiple RSFs and multiple RIFs. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the second MMS packet.
[0168] Subsequently, in a measurement report phase of the second sub-round, at least one of the initiator and the responder may transmit a Report frame to the peer device. The Report frame may indicate a Reply-time or a Round-trip-time computed by the initiator or the responder respectively. The Reply-time and the Round-trip time may be obtained based on the first RSF-RMARKER of the RSF. A resultant TOF may be estimated using Equation (1) described above, and a distance between the initiator and the responder may be obtained accordingly.
[0169] Design 2: the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets.
[0170] In a ranging session in design 2, for each responder communicating with one initiator, three MMS packets are used for ranging, that is, three MMS packets are transmitted between the initiator and each responder.
[0171] In some embodiments of design 2, the initiator may further transmit one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, and the third time period is after the second time period. Accordingly, the responder may receive the one or more third fragments of the third MMS packet in the third time period.
[0172] Moreover, in an implementation of design 2, at least one of the initiator or the responder may transmit a report carrying a timing measurement result.
[0173] In an example, the responder may further transmit a fourth report frame in the third time period after receiving the one or more third fragments, and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the fourth report frame. The timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs and / or RIFs of the first, second, and third MMS packets.
[0174] In another example, the initiator may further transmit a third report frame in the third time period after transmitting the one or more third fragments, and the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third report frame. The timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs and / or RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0175] In some embodiments of design 2, the initiator may further transmit a third Poll frame after receiving the one or more second fragments and before transmitting the one or more third fragments. The third Poll frame is used for initiating a third MMS packet used for DS-TWR. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third Poll frame after transmitting the one or more second fragments and before receiving the one or more third fragments.
[0176] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments in design 2. In an initialization and setup phase, NB is used to transmit control frames. The initiator may first transmit an ADV-POLL frame. The responder may listen and receive the ADV-POLL frame and respond with an ADV-RESP frame. Once the initiator receives the ADV-RESP frame, it may transmit a SOR frame that indicates a time offset at which the range-measurement cycle will start.
[0177] In the ranging round after the initialization and setup phase, ranging is performed using UWB. The ranging round includes three sub-rounds.
[0178] In the first sub-round, the initiator may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a first POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the first sub-round. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first POLL frame. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first MMS packet. Any two adjacent RSFs or RIFs may be 1 ms apart while the last RSF and the first RIF may be 2 ms apart in time.
[0179] In the second sub-round, the responder may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a first RESP frame to the initiator at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the second sub-round, and the first RESP frame indicates that a second MMS packet is to be transmitted by the responder. The first POLL frame and the first RESP frame allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the second sub-round, the responder may transmit the second MMS packet. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the second MMS packet.
[0180] In the third sub-round, the initiator may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a third POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the third sub-round. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third POLL frame. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the third sub-round, the initiator may transmit a third MMS packet. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third MMS packet. Next, in a measurement report phase of the third sub-round, at least one of the initiator and the responder may transmit a Report frame to the peer device. The Report frame may indicate a Reply-time or a Round-trip time computed by the initiator or the responder respectively.
[0181] In the example shown in FIG. 10, three sub-rounds are allocated in the ranging round, and one MMS packet is transmitted in one sub-round. The three MMS packets are not interleaved with each other in time, that is, an MMS packet is transmitted after transmission of another MMS packet is complete. The third MMS packet is transmitted by the initiator in the third sub-round to enable DS-TWR. In addition, slots are allocated for a single control (either Poll or Response) frame in each sub-round. Moreover, the first report frame or the second report frame indicates measurement results that are computed based on the three MMS packets, and the first report frame or the second report frame is transmitted in the third sub-round. Since the initiator and the responder may not transmit a Report frame in the first sub-round or the second sub-round, there may or may not be a measurement ranging phase for transmitting the first Report frame or second Report frame in the first sub-round or the second sub-round.
[0182] FIG. 11 illustrates another example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments. This example is similar to the example shown in FIG. 10 except that UWB driven MMS ranging is used. In this example, an initiator and a responder perform TWR using MMS packets that are non-interleaved in time. In addition, in case of UWB driven MMS ranging, both the control frames and the MMS packet are transmitted in the UWB, and a short UWB frame including a SYNC field and a SFD field precedes each MMS packet.
[0183] In some embodiments of design 1 or design 2, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.
[0184] In some examples, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the second Response frame.
[0185] In such case, the initiator transmits the first MMS packet after receiving the second Response frame. Otherwise, the initiator may not transmit the first MMS packet. As such, the initiator may transmit the first MMS packet if the responder is prepared to receive the first MMS packet, while the initiator may not transmit the first MMS packet if the responder is not prepared to receive the first MMS packet, thereby improving the efficiency of communication between the initiator and the responder.
[0186] In some embodiments of design 1 or design 2, the initiator transmits a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame. Accordingly, the responder receives the second Poll frame. The responder transmits the second MMS packet after receiving the second Poll frame. Accordingly, the initiator receives the second MMS packet after transmitting the second Poll frame.
[0187] In such case, the responder transmits the second MMS packet after receiving the second Poll frame. Otherwise, the responder may not transmit the second MMS packet. As such, the responder may transmit the second MMS packet if the initiator is prepared to receive the second MMS packet, while the responder may not transmit the second MMS packet if the initiator is not prepared to receive the second MMS packet, thereby improving the efficiency of communication between the initiator and the responder.
[0188] In some embodiments, the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the third Response frame.
[0189] FIG. 12 illustrates another example of DS-TWR in accordance with some embodiments. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 10, narrow band assisted (NBA) MMS packets that are non-interleaved in time are used in DS-TWR between an initiator and a responder. The key difference is that in the example shown in FIG. 12, the Poll Compact frame indicates that a response is required for each control frame (i.e., the first Poll frame, the first Response frame, and the third Poll frame) . In such a case, the responder may transmit a Response Compact frame after receiving the first Poll frame in the first sub-round and the third Poll frame in the third sub-round, respectively. Moreover, the initiator may transmit a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame in the second sub-round. In addition, the Control phase in each sub-round is two slots longer than the Control phase in each sub-round in a case where the response is not required for each control frame. If either the Response Compact frame or the Poll Compact frame is not received in any of the sub-rounds, the TWR may be aborted and the REPORT frame may also be not transmitted.
[0190] In some embodiments of design 1 or design 2, there may be multiple responders corresponding to one initiator in one ranging session, and each responder performs ranging similarly. TWR between one initiator and multiple responders may be referred to as one-to-many (O2M) TWR.
[0191] FIG. 13 illustrates an example O2M DS-TWR between an initiator and two responders using NBA UWB MMS packets that are non-interleaved in time. The example shown in FIG. 13 includes an initialization and setup phase and four sub-rounds.
[0192] In the initialization and setup phase, the initiator may transmit an ADV-Poll frame to the responders (i.e., a first responder and a second responder) . Accordingly, the responders may receive the ADV-Poll frame. The ADV-Poll frame may be broadcasted. Subsequently, the responders may each transmit an ADV-RESP frame to the initiator, that is, each responder transmits one ADV-RESP to the initiator. Each ADV-RESP may be unicasted. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the ADV-RESP frames. Next, the initiator may transmit a SOR frame indicating time offset to the responders. Accordingly, the responders may receive the SOR frame. The SOR frame may be broadcasted.
[0193] In the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit a first Poll frame to initiate DS-TWR with two responders and schedules the first responder to the second sub-round and the second responder to the third sub-round. Accordingly, the responders may receive the first Poll frame. The first Poll frame may be broadcasted. A fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet to the responders. Accordingly, the responders may receive the first MMS packet. The first MMS packet may be broadcasted.
[0194] Since the first responder is scheduled to the second sub-round, in the second sub-round, the first responder may transmit a first response frame and a second MMS packet to the initiator. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the first response frame and the second MMS packet.
[0195] Since the second responder is scheduled to the third sub-round, in the third sub-round, the second responder may transmit a second response frame and a third MMS packet to the initiator. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the second response frame and the third MMS packet.
[0196] In the fourth sub-round, the initiator may transmit a second Poll frame and a fourth MMS packet to the responders. Accordingly, the responders may receive the second Poll frame and the fourth MMS packet. Upon completing the transmission or reception of all the four MMS packets, if the initiator and / or the responders are requested to transmit a Report frame for DS-TWR, it proceeds to prepare the report. Next, in the report phase of the fourth sub-round, at least one of the initiator and the first responder may transmit a Report frame to the peer device. Similarly the second responder may transmit a Report frame to the peer device. The Report frames are transmitted by the responders in the same order as the order of transmission of the second MMS packet, the third MMS packet. That is, in the report phase, the first responder first transmits its Report frame and the second responder transmits the second Report frame subsequently while the initiator transmits its Report frame at the end. Each Report frame may indicate a Reply-time or a Round-trip-time computed by the initiator or the responder respectively.
[0197] As described earlier, a time period may be a ranging round. In this case, a range-measurement cycle may include multiple ranging round, and each ranging round may be of the same length.
[0198] In the case where the time period is a ranging round, the procedure is similar to the case where the time period is a sub-round. Some key differences are:
[0199] 1. Each MMS packet is transmitted in a separate round, and multiple (e.g., X) consecutive rounds are allocated to the same pair of initiator and responder (s) for the ranging session in every Ranging block.
[0200] A controller may ensure that multiple (e.g., X) consecutive rounds are allocated to the same pair of initiator and responder (s) for the ranging session in every Ranging block by scheduling a set of X consecutive rounds to the same pair of initiator and responder (s) . This also means that features such as round hopping needs to be disabled to ensure that the multiple consecutive rounds are allocated to the same pair of initiator and responder.
[0201] The number of the consecutive rounds may be obtained by X = N+1 for SS-TWR and X=N+2 for DS-TWR, where N is the number of responders. The number of responders also implicitly indicates the number of rounds allocated in the ranging round for the TWR. For SS-TWR with 2 non-interleaved MMS packets, the number of rounds is equal to the number of responders plus one. While for DS-TWR with 3 non-interleaved MMS packets, the number of rounds is equal to the number of responders plus two. In both cases of SS-TWR with 2 non-interleaved MMS packets and DS-TWR with 3 non-interleaved MMS packets, the last round is used for the initiator’s final MMS packet as well as for the report frames.
[0202] 2. Two slots are allocated in the control phase in all three rounds.
[0203] 3. Since all ranging rounds are of equal duration, slots exist for the Report phase in all three rounds, but the Report frames are only transmitted in the third round and not transmitted in the first two rounds.
[0204] The time period being a ranging round may be applied to O2O SS-TWR, O2M SS-TWR, O2O DS-TWR, or O2M DS-TWR. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of O2O DS-TWR using non-interleaved MMS packets in case of time period being a ranging round. In this example, each time period is a round, and NBA MMS packets that are non-interleaved in time are used. As shown in FIG. 14, a first round corresponds to the first time period in method 800, a second round corresponds to the second time period in method 800, and a third round corresponds to the third time period in method 800.
[0205] In this example, in an initialization and setup phase, an ADV-RESP frame may be used to request that MMS packets to be transmitted are non-interleaved. The SOR frame may indicate that MMS packets to be transmitted are non-interleaved.
[0206] After the initialization and setup phase, in the first round, the initiator may start a control phase by transmitting a first POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the first round. The Message Control field of the first POLL frame may be set as either 0x40 or 0x50 to initiate the initiator’s first MMS packet for non-interleaved O2O TWR or either 0xC0 or 0xD0 to initiate the initiator’s first MMS packet for non-interleaved O2M TWR. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first POLL frame. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the first round, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., I-RSF-1, I-RSF-2, …I-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., I-RIF-1, I-RIF-2, …I-RSF-Y) . Accordingly, the responder may receive the first MMS packet. Any two adjacent RSFs or RIFs may be 1 ms apart while the last RSF and the first RIF may be 2 ms apart in time.
[0207] In the second round, the responder may start a control phase by transmitting a first RESP frame to the initiator at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the second round, and the first RESP frame may indicate that a second MMS packet is to be transmitted by the responder. The first POLL frame and the first RESP frame allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization. Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the second round, the responder may transmit the second MMS packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., R-RSF-1, R-RSF-2, …R-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., R-RIF-1, R-RIF-2, …R-RSF-Y) . Accordingly, the initiator may receive the second MMS packet.
[0208] In the third round, the initiator may start a ranging control phase by transmitting a second POLL frame to the responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the third round. Accordingly, the responder may receive the second POLL frame. The Message Control field of the second POLL frame may be set as 0x40 to initiate the initiator’s third MMS packet for non-interleaved O2O TWR or 0xC0 to initiate the initiator’s third MMS packet for non-interleaved O2M TWR Subsequently, in a ranging phase of the third round, the initiator may transmit a third MMS packet including multiple RSFs (i.e., I-RSF-1, I-RSF-2, …I-RSF-X) and multiple RIFs (i.e., I-RIF-1, I-RIF-2, …I-RSF-Y) . Accordingly, the responder may receive the third MMS packet.
[0209] Upon completing the transmission or reception of all three MMS packets, if the initiator or the responder is requested to transmit a REPORT Compact frame for DS-TWR, it proceeds to prepare the report. Next, in the measurement reporting phase of the third round, at least one of the initiator and the responder may transmit a Report frame to the peer device. The Report frame may indicate a Reply-time or a Round-trip-time computed by the initiator or the responder respectively.
[0210] In some embodiments of design 1 or design 2, the first frame further includes a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.
[0211] In some embodiments, the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each include one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each include one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) . Moreover, the fourth field includes at least one of a first subfield, a second subfield, a third subfield, or a fourth subfield.
[0212] The first subfield indicates whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, where the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0213] The second subfield indicates whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, where the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0214] The third subfield indicates whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, where the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet.
[0215] The fourth subfield indicates whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, where the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0216] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of deferent types of timing measurements. As explained earlier, each RIF may include two RMAKERs that are a starting RMARKER and an ending RMARKER, and the starting RMARKER is at the start of the RIF while the ending RMARKER is at the end of the RIF. For the timing measurements with the first RIF of a MMS packet, the starting RMARKER is used. For the timing measurements with the last RIF of a MMS packet, the ending RMARKER is used. RSFs are not shown in the figure but the timing measurements using RSFs are made using the RMARKER in the first RSFs.
[0217] Type-1 timing measurements may refer to Reply time 1 and Round-trip time 1 measured between first RIFs of first two MMS packets and a first RIF of a third MMS packet as shown in FIG. 15. An initiator may record a TX-to-RX Round-trip time between a transmission time of a first RIF of its first MMS packet and a reception time of a first RIF of a second MMS packet from a responder. It may also record a RX-to-TX Reply time between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and a transmission time of a first RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder may record a RX-to-TX Reply time between a reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and a transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. It may also record a TX-to-RX Round-trip time between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and a reception time of the first RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0218] Type-2 timing measurements may refer to Reply time 2 and Round-trip time 2 measured between last RIFs of the first two MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet as shown in FIG. 15. The initiator may record a TX-to-RX Round-trip time between a transmission time of a last RIF of its first MMS packet and a reception time of a last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. It may also record a RX-to-TX Reply time between the reception time of the last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and a transmission time of a last RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder may record a RX-to-TX Reply time between the reception time of the last RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet. It may also record a TX-to-RX Round-trip time between the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0219] Type-3 timing measurements may refer to Reply time 3 and Round-trip time 3 measured between the first RIFs of the first two MMS packets and the last RIF of the third MMS packet as shown in FIG. 15. The initiator may record the TX-to-RX Round-trip time between the transmission time of the first RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. It may also record the RX-to-TX Reply time between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the last RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder may record the RX-to-TX Reply time between the reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. It may also record the TX-to-RX Round-trip time between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0220] In some embodiments of design 1 or design 2, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement. The number of the time periods may be the number of sub-rounds or number of rounds. In this way, the responder may know the number of the time periods to be used in the ranging measurement. In an implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods. In this way, the responder may know the duration of at least one of time periods. The first field is a round control field of the first frame. Since the round control field is an existing field, the solution may be backward compatible.
[0221] It is understood that for the examples given in terms of NBA-UWB MMS ranging, a UWB driven version is also possible to be implemented in similar manner, that is, the control frames and the MMS packet are transmitted on UWB. In the UWB driven version, a single frequency band is sufficient, there is no need for another NB radio, thereby less frequency band may be used.
[0222] For ease of understanding, frame structures of different frames in different embodiments will be described below.
[0223] An ADV-RESP frame may also be referred to as An ADV-RESP Compact frame. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an ADV-RESP Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the ADV-RESP Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0224] The ADV-RESP Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, a Responder RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and an FCS field.
[0225] The Frame Type field may indicate a type of the frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” that represents the type of the frame is a Compact frame.
[0226] The Compact Frame ID field indicates the type of the Compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a value (e.g., 1) that indicates the type of the Compact frame is an Advertising Response (ADV-RESP) compact frame.
[0227] The Responder RPA Hash field carries the RPA_hash which together with the RPA_prand carried in the Advertising Poll frame represents the private address of the responder and the Responder RPA_hash is given by bits 0 to 23 of h (key=IdentityResolvingKey (IRK) , data=RPA_prand) where h () is the AES-128 block cipher with an IRK and the initiator's RPA_prand as inputs.
[0228] The FCS field carries the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0229] The Message Control field is set to different values to indicate different sub-types of the Advertising Response Compact frame. For example, 0x00 represents an Advertising Response Compact frame carrying all configuration fields; 0x10 represents an Advertising Response Compact frame carrying only the needed configuration fields.
[0230] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x00, the Message Control field includes configuration fields. The configuration fields may include a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, and a Ranging MAC Configuration field.
[0231] The NB Channel Map field may be used to communicate the NB channels that are allowed to be used between initiator (s) and responder (s) . The Management PHY Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for control i.e., either the NB PHY or the UWB PHY. The Management MAC Configuration field may be used to configure Ranging blocks and may indicate that MMS packets used for ranging are non-interleaved in time. The Ranging PHY Configuration may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for ranging i.e., the UWB PHY. The Ranging MAC Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the MAC aspects of the ranging PHY i.e., the UWB PHY.
[0232] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x10, the Message Control field is similar to the Message Control field in the case where Message Control field is set to 0x00. The key difference is that when the Message Control field is set to 0x00, all the configuration fields are present while when the Message Control field is set to 0x10, the configuration fields are optionally present and there are two additional optional fields: a SMC TLVs field and an MMS Ranging Mode Configuration field.
[0233] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x10, the Message Control field may include a Presence Bitmap field and some optional configuration fields that may or may not present. The optional configuration fields may include a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, a SMC TLVs field and an MMS Ranging Mode Configuration field.
[0234] The NB Channel Map field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, and the Ranging MAC Configuration field are the same as those described above, which may refer to the related description.
[0235] The Presence Bitmap field may indicate the presence or absence of the optional configuration fields. The SMC TLVs field may be the list of supported message control commands. This may be used by the responder to signal to the initiator which compact frames and which message control values it supports. The MMS Ranging Mode Configuration may indicate the requested ranging mode configuration.
[0236] A SOR frame may also be referred to as a SOR Compact frame. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a SOR Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the SOR Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0237] The SOR Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, an RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and an FCS field.
[0238] The Frame Type field may indicate the type of the frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” that represents the type of the frame is a Compact frame.
[0239] The Compact Frame ID field may indicate the type of the Compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a value (e.g., 2) that indicates the type of the Compact frame is a SOR compact frame.
[0240] The RPA Hash field may indicate a private address of the responder. In a case where the SOR Compact frame is transmitted to a single responder, the RPA Hash field may carry the RPA_hash which together with the RPA_prand carried in the Advertising Poll frame represents the private address of the responder. In a case where the SOR Compact frame is transmitted to multiple responders, the RPA Hash field may carry the RPA_hash carried in the Advertising Poll frame.
[0241] The Message Control field may be set to different values to indicate different sub-types of the SOR Compact frame. For example, 0x00 represents a Start of Ranging Compact frame carrying all configuration fields; 0x10 represents a Start of Ranging Compact frame carrying only the needed configuration fields.
[0242] The Message Content fields obtained when the Message Control fields are set to 0x00 and 0x10 are similar except that when the Message Control field is set to 0x00, all the configuration fields are present while when the Message Control field is set as 0x10, the configuration fields are optionally present and there are two additional optional fields: a Starting Block Index field and an MMS Ranging Mode Configuration field.
[0243] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x00, the Message Content field may include a Time Offset field, a NB Channel Seed field, and configuration fields. The configuration fields may include a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration, and a Ranging MAC Configuration field.
[0244] The Time Offset field may specify the time offset in 1 / 499.2 MHz resolution between the first symbol of the SOR Compact frame and the first symbol of the subsequent Poll frame for initiating the ranging session. The NB Channel Seed field may specify the key in the range 0-255, for input to the channel switching function (with zero padded MSBs) . The NB Channel Map field may be used to communicate the NB channels that are allowed to be used between initiators and responders. The Management PHY Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for control i.e., either the NB PHY or the UWB PHY. The Management MAC Configuration field may be used to configure the Ranging blocks as illustrated in FIG. 9. The Ranging PHY Configuration may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for ranging i.e., the UWB PHY. The Ranging MAC Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the MAC aspects of the ranging PHY i.e., the UWB PHY.
[0245] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x10, the Message Content field may include a Time Offset field, a NB Channel Seed field, a Presence Bitmap field, and optional configuration fields. The optional configuration fields may include a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, a Starting Block Index field, and an MMS Ranging Mode Configuration field.
[0246] The Time Offset field, the NB Channel Seed field, the Presence Bitmap field, the NB Channel Map field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration, and the Ranging MAC Configuration field are the same as those described in the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x00.
[0247] The Presence Bitmap field may indicate the presence / absence of the optional configuration fields. The Starting Block Index field may indicate the index of the first ranging block for a ranging session. The MMS Ranging Mode Configuration may indicate the requested ranging mode configuration.
[0248] A Poll frame may also be referred to as a Poll Compact frame. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a Poll Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the Poll Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0249] The Poll Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, an RPA Hash field, a RPA Prand field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and a FCS field.
[0250] The Frame Type field may indicate a type of the frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” (i.e., three bits are set as “1” , “0” , and “0” respectively) , representing a Compact frame.
[0251] The Compact Frame ID field indicates a type of the Compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a value (e.g., 3 for one-to-one Poll Compact frame or 8 for one-to-many Poll Compact frame) that indicates a Poll compact frame.
[0252] The RPA Hash field may indicate the RPA_hash which together with the RPA_prand indicated by the RPA Prand field represents the private address of the initiator and the RPA_hash is given by bits 0 to 23 of h (key=IdentityResolvingKey (IRK) , data=RPA_prand) , where h () is the AES-128 block cipher with an IRK and the initiator's RPA_prand as inputs.
[0253] The RPA Prand field may indicate the RPA_prand which is a 3-octets long random number generated by the initiator.
[0254] The Message Control field may be set to different values to indicate different sub-types of the Poll Compact frame. For example, 0x60 or 0xE0 represents a Poll Compact frame used to initiate a TWR ranging round, in which 0x60 is used for one-to-one ranging while 0xE0 is used for one-to-many ranging. The TWR ranging round may be a SS-TWR ranging round or a DS-TWR ranging round. 0x70 or 0xF0 represents a Poll Compact frame used to initiate the MMS packet transmitted by the initiator except the first MMS packet in TWR. For example, 0x70 or 0xF0 represents a Poll Compact frame used to initiate the third MMS packet used for TWR or to initiate OWR, in which 0x70 is used for OWR or one-to-one TWR while 0xF0 is used for one-to-many TWR.
[0255] The Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x60 is used to initiate a TWR ranging round for one-to-one ranging. For example, the initiator transmits a Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x60 to initiate a TWR ranging round for one-to-one ranging at the start of the first sub-round in the procedure shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 and 14.
[0256] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x60, the Message Content field may include a Round Control field, a Slots Per Sub-round field, a Request Bitmap field, a Presence Bitmap field, a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, a Block Index field, and a Round Index field.
[0257] The Round Control field may indicate control information regarding the ranging round. The Slots Per Sub-round field may indicate the number of slots allocated for each sub-round except the last sub-round. The number of slots in the last sub-round can be obtained by adding two slots per report frame (maximum one report frame per responder and one report frame for the initiator) .
[0258] The Request Bitmap field may indicate field (s) that the initiator requests the responder to include in specific fields in the applicable response Compact frames. The Presence Bitmap field may indicate the presence / absence of the optional fields. The NB Channel Map field may be used to communicate the NB channels that are allowed to be used between initiators and responders.
[0259] The Management PHY Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for control i.e., either the NB PHY or the UWB PHY. The Management MAC Configuration field may be used to configure the Ranging blocks as illustrated in FIG. 9. The Ranging PHY Configuration may indicate the configuration of the PHY used for ranging i.e., the UWB PHY. The Ranging MAC Configuration field may indicate the configuration of the MAC aspects of the ranging PHY i.e., the UWB PHY.
[0260] The Block Index field may indicate the index of the current ranging block. The Round Index field may indicate the index of the current ranging round.
[0261] The Round Control field may include a Requires Response field, a Number of MMS Packets field, a Non-Interleaved field, a Number of Sub-rounds field, and Reserved field,
[0262] The Requires Response field may be valid for DS-TWR using three MMS packets and indicate if a response frame needs to be transmitted for each of the frames that initiate transmission of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and third MMS packet: 0 represents Not required; 1 represents Required.
[0263] When the Requires Response field is set as 1, the responder may transmit a Response Compact frame after receiving the Poll Compact frame in the first and the third sub-rounds and the initiator may transmit a Poll Compact frame after receiving the Response Compact frame in the first and the second sub-rounds. In this case, the control phase in each sub-round is two slots longer. If either the Response Compact frame or the Poll Compact frame is not received in any of the sub-rounds, the TWR may be aborted and the REPORT frame may also not be transmitted.
[0264] In the example shown in FIG. 10, the Requires Response field is set to 0. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the Requires Response field is set as 1.
[0265] The Number of MMS Packets field may indicate the number of MMS packets to be used for the DS-TWR: 0 represents three MMS packets; 1 represents two MMS packets.
[0266] In the example in FIG. 10, the Number of MMS Packets field indicates 0 (i.e., three MMS packets) .
[0267] The Non-interleaved field may indicate whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved in time: 0 represents that MMS packets are interleaved; 1 represents that MMS packets are non-interleaved.
[0268] In the example in FIG. 10, the Non-interleaved field indicates 1 (that is, MMS packets are non-interleaved) .
[0269] The Number of Sub-rounds field may indicate the number of sub-rounds allocated in the ranging round and may only be relevant when the Non-Interleaved field is set as 1 or the Number of MMS Packets is set as 0. In a possible design, the Number of Sub-rounds field may be set as the number of sub-rounds allocated in the ranging round minus one to indicate the number of sub-rounds allocated in the ranging round. For example, if the value of Number of Sub-rounds field is set to N and N is a positive integer, the number of the sub-round is (N+1) .
[0270] In the example in FIG. 10, the Number of Sub-rounds field is set as 2 and indicates that the number of sub-rounds is three.
[0271] The Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0xE0 is used to initiate a TWR ranging round for one-to-many ranging. The Message Content field in this case is the same as the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x60 except that: the Message Control field further includes a Number of Responders field, a Slots Per Responder field, and a Responder Address List field. In addition, the Round Control field does not include a Number of Sub-rounds field.
[0272] In this case, the Number of Responders field may indicate the number of responders selected to participate in the ranging phase. In a possible design, the value of the Number of Responders field may be set as the number of responders selected to participate in the ranging phase minus one to indicate the number of responders selected to participate in the ranging phase.
[0273] The Number of Responders field also implicitly indicates the number of sub-rounds allocated in the ranging round. For SS-TWR or DS-TWR with 2 interleaved MMS packets, the number of sub-rounds is equal to the number of responders, while for DS-TWR with 3 interleaved MMS packets, the number of sub-rounds is equal to the number of responders plus one; the last sub-round is used for the initiator’s final MMS packet. For SS-TWR with 2 non-interleaved MMS packets, the number of sub-rounds is equal to the number of responders plus one. While for DS-TWR with 3 non-interleaved MMS packets, the number of sub-rounds is equal to the number of responders plus two. In both cases of SS-TWR with 2 non-interleaved MMS packets and DS-TWR with 3 non-interleaved MMS packets, the last sub-round is used for the initiator’s final MMS packet.
[0274] The Slots Per Responder field may indicate the number of ranging slots for each sub-round except the last sub-round. The number of slots in the last sub-round can be obtained by adding two slots per report frame. In a possible design, the value of the Slots Per Responder field may be set as the number of ranging slots minus one to indicate the number of ranging slots for each sub-round except the last sub-round. For example, if the value of the Slots Per Sub-round field is set to M and M is a positive integer, the number of the slots allocated for each sub-round is (M+1) . Since the last sub-round may be used to transmit and / or receive the report frame (s) , the number of slots in the last sub-round may be obtained by adding additionally two slots per report frame.
[0275] The Responder Address list field may indicate the addresses of the responders selected to participate in the ranging phase, with three octets per address and an address for each of the selected responders.
[0276] Responders that receive the Poll Compact frame (Message Control = 0x60) with the Requires Response field set to 0 may not transmit any Response Compact frame in the control phase of the second sub-round.
[0277] Responders that receive the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control set as 0x60 or 0xE0 and the Non-interleaved field set as 1 (non-interleaved) may not transmit the Response Compact frame and the second MMS packet in the first sub-round but instead may transmit the Response Compact frame and the second MMS packet in the second sub-round.
[0278] The Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x70 for O2O case or 0xF0 for O2M case is used to initiate the third MMS packet used for DS-TWR. At the start of the third sub-round, the initiator transmits the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x70 or 0xF0 to initiate the third MMS packet used for DS-TWR. Responders that receive the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control set as 0x70 or 0xF0 may not transmit any response MMS Packet if the Poll Compact frame in the first sub-round (Message Control = 0x60) carried the Requires Response field set to 0.
[0279] In the case where the Message Control field is set as 0x70 or 0xF0, the Message Content field may include a Payload Length field and a Payload field. The Payload Length field may indicate a length of the Payload field. The Payload Length field is set as 0x00 when used for DS-TWR and indicates that the Payload field is 1 octet long. The Payload field is set as 0x00 when the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate the third MMS packet used for DS-TWR.
[0280] In some embodiments, the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field of the first frame. In addition, the fourth field may be carried in a Management MAC Configuration field of the first frame. It will be understood that the first field may be other field of the first frame.
[0281] For example, in case 1, the SOR frame may carry the Management MAC Configuration field which is an example of the first field during the initialization and setup phase. In case 2, the first Poll frame may carry the Management MAC Configuration field which is an example of the first field during the ranging control phase to configure the Ranging blocks.
[0282] The second field may be carried in a Management MAC Configuration field of the ADV-RESP frame during the initialization and setup phase for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time.
[0283] The schematic diagram of the Management MAC Configuration field in at least one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame is shown in FIG. 20, and some key fields in the Management MAC Configuration field will be introduced thereunder.
[0284] The Management MAC Configuration field may include a Ranging Slot Duration field, a Ranging Round Duration field, a Ranging Block Duration field, a Channel Switching field, a Measurement Report Request field, a TWR Mode field, a Non-Interleaved field, a RcpPollSlots field, a RcpResponseSlots field, a RpDuration field, a DS-TWR Report Bitmap field, a MrpFirstSlots field, a MrpSecondSlots field, a MrpThirdSlots field, and a Reserved field.
[0285] The Ranging Slot Duration field may indicate a ranging slot duration. The ranging slot duration in ranging scheduling time unit (RSTU) is given by: (Ranging Slot Duration field value + 1) × 300.
[0286] The Ranging Round Duration field may indicate a ranging round duration in units of ranging slots in the range of 1 to 255. The value of zero is reserved.
[0287] The Ranging Block Duration field may indicate a ranging block duration in units of ranging rounds in the range of 1 to 255. The value of zero is reserved.
[0288] The Channel Switching field may indicate a status of a channel switching mechanism where a value of zero encodes a disabled state and a value of one encodes an enabled state.
[0289] The Measurement Report Request field is independently set by the responder and the initiator in the Advertising Response Compact frame and the Start of Ranging Compact frame respectively and may indicate if the recipient device is requested to transmit a Report Compact frame.
[0290] The TWR Mode field may indicate a TWR mode to be performed and is illustrated in Table 1.
[0291] Table 1 TWR Mode
[0292] The Non-interleaved field may indicate whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved in time, where 0 represents that MMS packets are interleaved, and 1 represents that MMS packets are non-interleaved.
[0293] The RcpPollSlots field may indicate a duration of slots in the ranging control phase used by the initiator for transmission of the Poll Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0294] The RcpResponseSlots field may indicate a duration of slots in the ranging control phase used by the responder for transmission of the Response Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0295] The RpDuration field may indicate a duration of an MMS ranging phase used by initiator and responders for transmission of RSF and RIF fragments in units of ranging slots in the range of 1 to 4095.
[0296] The MrpFirstSlots field may indicate a duration of a first group of slots that may be used by either the initiator or the responder for transmission of the REPORT Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0297] The MrpSecondSlots field may be used to encode a duration of a second group of slots that may be used by the responder for transmission of the REPORT Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0298] The MrpThirdSlots field may be used to encode a duration of a third group of slots that may be used by either the initiator or the responder for transmission of the REPORT Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15. The MrpThirdSlots field may be valid only in the time efficient one-to-many ranging.
[0299] The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field may indicate desired timings to be included in the REPORT Compact frames. The field may be valid only in the Compact frames transmitted by the initiator and only if the TWR Mode field is set to 1 or 2 to indicate DS-TWR, and is reserved otherwise. The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field is illustrated in Table 2.
[0300] Table 2
[0301] The RSF Time field may be set to 1 to indicate that the timing measurements based on the RMARKERs of the RSF are present in the DS-TWR REPORT Compact frame.
[0302] The Type-1 Time field may be set to 1 to indicate that the type-1 timing measurements based on the RMARKERs of the RIF are present in the DS-TWR REPORT Compact frame.
[0303] The Type-2 Time field may be set to 1 to indicate that the type-2 timing measurements based on the RMARKERs of the RIF are present in the DS-TWR REPORT Compact frame.
[0304] The Type-3 Time field may be set to 1 to indicate that the type-3 timing measurements based on the RMARKERs of the RIF are present in the DS-TWR REPORT Compact frame.
[0305] The definitions of type-1, type-2 and type-3 timing measurements depend on the DS-TWR mode used and will be described later for each DS-TWR mode.
[0306] It will be understood that in a case where a time period is a round instead of a sub-round, the Slots Per Sub-round field may become Slots Per round field, and may indicate the number of slots allocated for each round similarly. Moreover, the Number of Sub-rounds field may become Number of rounds field, and may indicate the number of rounds in the ranging session similarly.
[0307] FIG. 19 is another schematic diagram of a Poll Compact frame in accordance with the example shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the Poll Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0308] The general format of the Poll Compact frame may be the same as the Poll Compact frame shown in FIG. 18. The difference may be that in this example, the Message Control field is set to a different value to indicate that non-interleaved transmission is to be used. The Message Control field may be set to 0x40 or 0x50 for O2O case, and may be set to 0xC0 or 0xD0 for O2M case. In this case, the TWR mode (SS or DS) is indicated by the SOR frame in the Initialization and Setup phase.
[0309] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x40 or 0xC0, the Message content field may be set to 0x0000.
[0310] In the case where the Message Control field is set to 0x50 or 0xD0, the Message content field may include a Request Bitmap field, a Presence Bitmap field, and configuration fields each of which is optional. The configuration fields may include a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, a Block Index field, and a Round Index field. Description of the NB Channel Map field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, the Ranging MAC Configuration field, the Block Index field, and the Round Index field may be referred to those shown in FIG. 18, details of which may not be repeated here.
[0311] In an example, the initiator transmits a Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x40 or 0xC0 at the start of the first round followed by the transmission of the first MMS packet.
[0312] Responders that receive the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x40, 0xC0, 0x50 or 0xD0 may not transmit the Response Compact frame or response MMS packet (i.e., the second MMS packet) in the first round but instead may transmit the Response Compact frame and the response MMS packet in the second round.
[0313] A Response frame may also be referred to as a Response Compact frame. FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a Response Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the Response Compact frame will be introduced thereunder. The Response Compact frame may be an O2O or O2M Response Compact frame.
[0314] The Response Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, a Responder RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and an FCS field.
[0315] The general format of the Response Compact frame is similar to that of the Poll Compact frame illustrated in FIG. 18 except that the Compact Frame ID field is set to a different value (e.g., 4 for one-to-one Response Compact frame or 9 for one-to-many Response Compact frame) and the RPA Prand field is not present. The RPA Hash field carries the RPA_hash which together with the RPA_prand carried in the Poll Compact frame represents the private address of the responder and the RPA_hash is computed using the responder’s IRK and the RPA_prand carried in the Poll Compact frame.
[0316] The Response Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x20 may be used to initiate the responder’s non-interleaved MMS packet (e.g., the second MMS packet) and also to provide short term parameters requested by the initiator.
[0317] In the case where the Message Control field is set as 0x20, the Message Content field may include a Presence Bitmap field, a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, and a Zero Padding field.
[0318] Description of the Presence Bitmap field, the NB Channel Map field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, and the Ranging MAC Configuration field in the Message Content field of the Response Compact frame may be referred to the Presence Bitmap field, the NB Channel Map field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, and the Ranging MAC Configuration field in the Message Content field of the Poll Compact frame, details of which may not be repeated here.
[0319] The Zero Padding field is included in the Response Compact frame when a size of the Message Content field without the Zero Padding field is less than five octets and consist of one, two or three octets with a value of zero where the number of padding octets are determined such that the Message Content field has a size of five octets.
[0320] The Response Compact frame with the Message Control field set as 0x30 may be used to initiate the responder’s non-interleaved MMS packet without providing any short term parameters. In this case, the Message Content field has five octets with a value of zero.
[0321] A report frame transmitted by the initiator may also be referred to as an Initiator Report frame or Initiator Report Compact frame. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an Initiator Report Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the Initiator Report Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0322] The Initiator Report Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, an Initiator RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and an FCS or MIC field.
[0323] The Frame Type field may indicate a type of the frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” , representing a Compact frame.
[0324] The Compact Frame ID field indicates a type of the Compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a certain value (e.g., 5 for one-to-one Initiator Report, or 11 for one-to-many Initiator Report or 17 for one-to-one Initiator Secure Report or 19 for one-to-many Initiator Secure Report) indicating that the type of the Compact frame is an Initiator Report Compact frame.
[0325] The Initiator RPA Hash field may indicate a private address of the initiator.
[0326] The FCS field may indicate a CRC for non-secure report frame. In a case where the frame is a secure report (e.g., used for authentication or encryption) , the FCS field is replaced with a MIC field. The MIC field may carries a Message integrity Code (MIC) used for security
[0327] The Message Control field may be set as a certain value (e.g., 0xAB for O2O or 0xEF for O2M) to indicate that the frame is for DS-TWR. The Message Control field in this case may include a Report Control field, a Report List field and a Passthrough field.
[0328] The Report Control field may include a DS-TWR Report Bitmap field and a Number of Reports field. The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field may indicate timing fields included in each of reports carried in the Report List field. Description of the DS-TWR Report Bitmap field can be referred to the description of Table 2.
[0329] The Number of Reports field may indicate the number of reports carried in the Report List field, one report per responder. For one-to-one ranging, it may indicate one report while for one-to-many ranging, it may indicate two or more reports.
[0330] The Report List field may carry one or more reports, and the number of the one or more reports is indicated by the Number of Reports field. For O2O ranging, the Report List field may carry one report. For O2M ranging, each report in the Report List field corresponds to one responder and is ordered in the same order in which the ranging was performed with the responder in the ranging phase. The Report List field may include at least one of a RSF Round-trip time field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 / 3 field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, and a RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 field.
[0331] The RSF Round-trip time field, when present, may indicate the Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RSF and the responder’s RSF.
[0332] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 field, when present, may indicate the Type-1 Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0333] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 / 3 field is present when either the Type-1 Time field or the Type-3 Time field is set as 1 in the DS-TWR Report Bitmap, and when present, may indicate either the Type-1 or Type-3 Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0334] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, when present, may indicate the Type-2 Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0335] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, when present, may indicate the Type-2 Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0336] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 field, when present, may indicate the Type-3 Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0337] The Passthrough field may carry data from next higher layers. In the case where the frame is a secure report, the Passthrough field is encrypted or authenticated.
[0338] A report frame transmitted by the responder may also be referred to as a Responder Report frame or Responder Report Compact frame. FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a Responder Report Compact frame in accordance with examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 14, and some key fields in the Responder Report Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0339] The Responder Report Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, a Responder RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and an FCS or MIC field.
[0340] The Frame Type field may indicate a type of the frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” , representing a Compact frame.
[0341] The Compact Frame ID field may indicate a type of the Compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a certain value (e.g., 6 for one-to-one Responder Report, or 10 for one-to-many Responder Report, or 18 for one-to-one Responder Secure Report, or 20 for one-to-many Responder Secure Report) indicating that the type of the Compact frame is a Responder Report Compact frame.
[0342] The Responder RPA Hash field may indicate a private address of the responder.
[0343] The FCS field may indicate a CRC for non-secure report frame. In a case where the frame is a secure report, the FCS field is replaced with a MIC field. The MIC field may carries a Message integrity Code (MIC) used for security (authentication or encryption) .
[0344] The Message Control field may be set as a certain value (e.g., 0xAB or 0xEF) to indicate that the frame is for DS-TWR. In a case where the Message Control field is set as 0xAB, the Message Content field may include a Report Control field, a Passthrough field, and timing measurement fields. In a case where the Message Control field is set as 0xEF, the Message Content field may include the Report Control field, the Passthrough field, the timing measurement fields, and configuration fields. The configuration fields are the same as those explained for the Response Compact frame illustrated in FIG. 12.
[0345] The Passthrough field may carry data from next higher layers. In the case where the frame is a secure report, the Passthrough field may be encrypted or authenticated.
[0346] The Report Control field may include the DS-TWR Report Bitmap field as illustrated in Table 2 and indicate the timing fields included in the frame.
[0347] The timing measurement fields may include field (s) as follows:
[0348] The RSF Reply time field, when present, may indicate the Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RSF and the responder’s RSF.
[0349] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 / 3 field may be present when either the Type-1 Time field or the Type-3 Time field is set as 1 in the DS-TWR Report Bitmap, and when present, may indicate the Type-1 or Type-3 Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0350] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 field, when present, may indicate the Type-1 Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0351] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, when present, may indicate the Type-2 Reply time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0352] TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, when present, indicates the Type-2 Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0353] TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 field, when present, may indicate the Type-3 Round-trip time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0354] In O2M ranging, one Initiator Report frame may be required for each responder that requires a report. For O2M DS-TWR multiple Initiator Report frames are transmitted at the end of the Report phase. FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of an Initiator Report Compact frame in O2M case in accordance with some embodiments, and some key fields in the Initiator Report Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0355] The general format of the Initiator Report Compact frame is similar to that of the Initiator Report Compact frame illustrated in FIG. 22 except that the Report Control field and the RSF Round-trip field do not exist and only a single set of reports (for one responder) is present, one Initiator Report frame is transmitted for each responder
[0356] In this example, the Initiator Report Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, an Initiator RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and a FCS or MIC field. Description of the Frame Type field, the Compact Frame ID field, the Initiator RPA Hash field, the Message Control field, the Message Content field, and the FCS or MIC field may be referred to those in the example shown in FIG. 13, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0357] In a case where the Message Control field is set as 0xAB, the Message Content field may optionally include a RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 / 3 field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 field, and a Passthrough field. Description of the RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 field, the TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 / 3 field, the RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, the TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, the RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 field, and the Passthrough field may be referred to those in the example shown in FIG. 13, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0358] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a Responder Report Compact frame in O2M case in accordance with some embodiments, and some key fields in the Responder Report Compact frame will be introduced thereunder.
[0359] The general format of the Responder Report Compact frame shown in FIG. 25 is similar to that of the Responder Report Compact frame illustrated in FIG. 23 except that the Report Control field and the RSF Round-trip field do not exist and all the timing measurement fields are present.
[0360] As shown in FIG. 25, the Responder Report Compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, a Responder RPA Hash field, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, and a FCS or MIC field.
[0361] In a case where the Message Control field is set as 0xAB, the Message Content field may include a RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 / 3 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 field, and a Passthrough field.
[0362] In a case where the Message Control field is set as 0xEF, the Message Content field may include a RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 / 3 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 field, a RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field, a TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 field, a Presence Bitmap field, a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, and a Passthrough field.
[0363] Description of the fields shown in FIG. 25 may be referred to that in the example shown in FIG. 12, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0364] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides another communication method involving the signaling interaction to enable the OWR using the MMS packets. Reference may be made to FIG. 26, the interaction devices involves an initiator (or a chip, module, circuitry of the initiator) and a responder (or a chip, module, circuitry of the responder) . The communication method 2600 may include the following steps.
[0365] In step 2601, the initiator determines a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate OWR, and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0366] In step 2602, the initiator transmits the third Poll frame; and accordingly, the responder may receive the third Poll frame and determine to perform the OWR based on the third Poll frame.
[0367] For example, the initiator may initiate the OWR by transmitting the third Poll frame. The third Poll frame may carry information related to the OWR which may include information related to the OWR. The responder that receives the third Poll frame may start the OWR by receiving the MMS packet (s) from the initiator to perform the OWR.
[0368] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the initiator determines the third Poll frame that indicates to initiate the OWR and indicates the type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR, and transmits the third Poll frame. Thus, the OWR with the MMS packet (s) may be initiated and start simply, which may be high-efficiency. Therefore, the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) .
[0369] To improve the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) , there are some settings in the third Poll frame. It is noted that the third Poll frame may refer to the first Poll frame.
[0370] In some embodiments, the third Poll frame includes a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR.
[0371] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR, which may be implemented easily.
[0372] In some embodiments, the third Poll frame further includes a second message content field, the second message content field includes a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and a value of the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0373] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, when the value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR, the second message content field may be adjusted to conform to the OWR accordingly, which may also be implemented easily.
[0374] In some embodiments, the type of OWR includes a first type of OWR based on a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , a second type of OWR based on an angle of arrival (AoA) , or a third type of OWR based on an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) .
[0375] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, different types of OWR may be initiated and the OWR applications may be extended.
[0376] For example, the third Poll frame may be the Poll Compact frame as described above. The Message Control field in the Poll Compact frame may be set to a certain value to initiate the OWR. When the Message Control field in the Poll Compact frame is set to the certain value to initiate the OWR, the Message Content field is set to conform to the OWR accordingly.
[0377] For example, the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as the certain value such as 0x70 may also be used to initiate the OWR. It is noted that the certain value such as 0x70 is illustrative rather than restrictive, and there may be other values.
[0378] The Message Content field of the Poll compact frame with the Message Control field set as the certain value such as 0x70 when used for OWR is illustrated in FIG. 27.
[0379] The Message Content field may include a Payload Length field and a Payload field.
[0380] The Payload Length field is set to a value representing a length of the Payload field of two or more octets. The first octet of the Payload field may carry the Message Type field that indicates different subtypes of OWR messages. For example:
[0381] 0x00: Tag’s OWR for UL-TDOA
[0382] 0x01: Anchor’s OWR for UL-TDOA
[0383] 0x02: Initiator OWR for DL-TDOA, where an initial signal for the OWR is from the initiator;
[0384] 0x03: Responder OWR for DL-TDOA, where an initial signal for the OWR is from the responder;
[0385] 0x04: Initiator final OWR for DL-TDOA, which is a combination of the initiator OWR for DL-TDOA and the responder OWR for DL-TDOA, and an initial signal for the OWR is from the initiator;
[0386] 0x05: OWR for AoA.
[0387] The remaining octets of the Payload field carry the Type dependent Payload field that carries the information that is relevant to the OWR application specified by the Message Type field.
[0388] In some embodiments, the communication method 2600 includes step 2603, where the initiator transmits an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment.
[0389] As illustrated in FIG. 28, the initiator may transmit the Poll frame and then transmit I-1 and I-2, which are the two fragments of one MMS packet. The one Poll frame and one MMS packet may refer to one OWR MMS Message. In FIG. 28, four OWR MMS Messages are transmitted. In fact, the number of OWR MMS Messages depends on the applications.
[0390] FIG. 29 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0391] As shown in FIG. 29 a communication apparatus 2900 may be applied to an initiator, and may include:
[0392] a transmitting module 2901, configured to transmit a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time and to transmit the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; and a receiving module 2902, configured to receive the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, and the second time period is after the first time period.
[0393] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0394] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time; and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit the SOR frame in response to the ADV-RESP frame.
[0395] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet; and the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before receiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, and the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0396] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments and before receiving the one or more second fragments, and the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0397] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.
[0398] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the second Response frame.
[0399] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame; and the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive the second MMS packet after the transmitting module 2901 transmitting the second Poll frame.
[0400] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, wherein the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.
[0401] In a possible implementation, the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) ; the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a second report frame and / or the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a first report frame in the second time period after the receiving module 2902 receiving the second MMS packet, the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0402] In a possible implementation, the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, wherein the third time period is after the second time period; and the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a fourth report frame and / or transmitting a third report frame in the third time period after transmitting the one or more third fragments, wherein the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.
[0403] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a third Poll frame after the receiving module 2902 receiving the one or more second fragments and before the transmitting module 2901 transmitting the one or more third fragments, and the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.
[0404] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the third Response frame.
[0405] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.
[0406] In a possible implementation, the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and
[0407] the fourth field comprises at least one of:
[0408] a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0409] a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0410] a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or
[0411] a fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0412] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.
[0413] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.
[0414] In a possible implementation, the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.
[0415] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the initiator in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0416] As shown in FIG. 29, a communication apparatus 2900 may be applied to a responder, and may include:
[0417] a receiving module 2902, configured to receive a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time, and to receive the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; and
[0418] a transmitting module 2901, configured to transmit the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, and the second time period is after the first time period.
[0419] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0420] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, and the SOR frame is responsive to the ADV-RESP frame.
[0421] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet; and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a first Response frame after the receiving module 2902 receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before the receiving module 2902 transmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, and the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0422] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a first Response frame after the receiving module 2902 receiving the one or more first fragments and before the transmitting module 2901 transmitting the one or more second fragments, and the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.
[0423] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.
[0424] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is received after transmitting the second Response frame.
[0425] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame, the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit the second MMS packet after the receiving module 2902 receiving the second Poll frame.
[0426] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, and the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.
[0427] In a possible implementation, the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) ; and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a second report frame and / or the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a first report frame in the second time period after transmitting the second MMS packet, and the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.
[0428] In a possible implementation, the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, and the third time period is after the second time period; and the transmitting module 2901 is further configured to transmit a fourth report frame and / or the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a third report frame in the third time period after receiving the one or more third fragments, and the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.
[0429] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2902 is further configured to receive a third Poll frame after the transmitting module 2901 transmitting the one or more second fragments and before the receiving module 2902 receiving the one or more third fragments, and the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.
[0430] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is received after transmitting the third Response frame.
[0431] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.
[0432] In a possible implementation, the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the fourth field comprises at least one of:
[0433] a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0434] a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;
[0435] a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or
[0436] a fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.
[0437] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.
[0438] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.
[0439] In a possible implementation, the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.
[0440] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the responder in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0441] FIG. 30 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 30, the communication apparatus 3000 may include: a processor 3001 coupled with a memory 3002 in a communicative way via an interface 3003; where the memory 3002 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 3001 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 3002 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the AMP reader or the carrier source. It should be noted that, the memory 3002 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus, depending on actual needs.
[0442] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0443] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0444] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0445] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0446] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0447] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0448] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0449] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0450] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0451] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0452] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0453] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0454] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0455] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0456] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0457] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0458] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0459] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0460] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0461] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0462] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0463] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0464] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0465] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0466] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0467] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:transmitting a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time;transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; andreceiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, wherein the second time period is after the first time period.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.3.The method of claim 2, further comprising:receiving an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, whereintransmitting the first frame comprises:transmitting the SOR frame in response to the ADV-RESP frame.4.The method of claim 2 or 3, further comprising:transmitting a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet;receiving a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before receiving the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, wherein the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the method further comprises:receiving a first Response frame after transmitting the one or more first fragments and before receiving the one or more second fragments, wherein the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.6.The method of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the second Response frame.8.The method of claim 7, further comprising:transmitting a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame, and wherein receiving the second MMS packet comprises:receiving the second MMS packet after transmitting the second Poll frame.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, wherein the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the method further comprises:receiving a second report frame and / or transmitting a first report frame in the second time period after receiving the second MMS packet, wherein the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.11.The method of claim 9, wherein the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the method further comprises:transmitting one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, wherein the third time period is after the second time period; andreceiving a fourth report frame and / or transmitting a third report frame in the third time period after transmitting the one or more third fragments, wherein the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.12.The method of claim 11, further comprising:transmitting a third Poll frame after receiving the one or more second fragments and before transmitting the one or more third fragments, wherein the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is transmitted after receiving the third Response frame.14.The method of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , andthe fourth field comprises at least one of:a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; ora fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.16.The method of any one of claims 4 to 15, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.17.The method of any one of claims 4 to 16, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.18.The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.19.A communication method, comprising:receiving a first frame comprising a first field indicating that one or more first fragments of a first multi-millisecond (MMS) packet transmitted by an initiator and one or more second fragments of a second MMS packet transmitted by a responder are non-interleaved in time;receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet in a first time period; andtransmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet in a second time period, wherein the second time period is after the first time period.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the first frame is a start of ranging (SOR) frame.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising:transmitting an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame comprising a second field for requesting that the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments are non-interleaved in time, wherein the SOR frame is responsive to the ADV-RESP frame.22.The method of claim 20 or 21, further comprising:receiving a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, before receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet; andtransmitting a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments of the first MMS packet and before transmitting the one or more second fragments of the second MMS packet, wherein the first Response frame is used for initiating transmission of the second MMS packet.23.The method of claim 19, wherein the first frame is a first Poll frame for initiating a ranging measurement, and the method further comprises:transmitting a first Response frame after receiving the one or more first fragments and before transmitting the one or more second fragments, wherein the first Response frame initiates transmission of the second MMS packet.24.The method of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required or not required.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that a second Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the first Poll frame is required, and the first MMS packet is received after transmitting the second Response frame.26.The method of claim 25, further comprising:receiving a second Poll frame in response to the first Response frame, and wherein transmitting the second MMS packet comprises:transmitting the second MMS packet after receiving the second Poll frame.27.The method of any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the first frame further comprises a third field indicating a ranging mode, wherein the ranging mode is Single Sided TWR (SS-TWR) or Double Sided TWR (DS-TWR) with 3 MMS packets.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the ranging mode is the SS-TWR, the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprises one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , and the method further comprises:transmitting a second report frame and / or receiving a first report frame in the second time period after transmitting the second MMS packet, wherein the first report frame indicates a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the second report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder, and the timing measurement result is obtained using the RSFs of the first and second MMS packets.29.The method of claim 27, wherein the ranging mode is the DS-TWR with 3 MMS packets, and the method further comprises:receiving one or more third fragments of a third MMS packet in a third time period, wherein the third time period is after the second time period; andtransmitting a fourth report frame and / or receiving a third report frame in the third time period after receiving the one or more third fragments, wherein the third report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the initiator and the fourth report frame carries a timing measurement result measured by the responder.30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:receiving a third Poll frame after transmitting the one or more second fragments and before receiving the one or more third fragments, wherein the third Poll frame is used for initiating a third UWB MMS packet used for DS-TWR.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that the third Response frame indicating acknowledgement of the third Poll frame is required, and the third MMS packet is received after transmitting the third Response frame.32.The method of any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the first frame further comprises a fourth field indicating a type of at least one of the timing measurement result carried in the third report frame or the timing measurement result carried in the fourth report frame.33.The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more first fragments, the one or more second fragments, and the one or more third fragments each comprise one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or the one or more first fragments and the one or more second fragments each comprise one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , andthe fourth field comprises at least one of:a first subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;a second subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurements is obtained using last RIFs of the first, second and third MMS packets;a third subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurements is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; ora fourth subfield indicating whether a RSF timing measurement result is required in at least one of the third report frame or the fourth report frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement is obtained using the RSFs of the first, second and third MMS packets.34.The method of any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of time periods in the ranging measurement.35.The method of any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots in at least one of time periods.36.The method of any one of claims 19 to 35, wherein the first field is a Management MAC Configuration field or round control field of the first frame.37.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.38.An electronic device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.39.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.40.An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processors, configure the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.41.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 17 to 36.42.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.43.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36 when executed on a computer or a processor.
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