Communication method and apparatus, electronic device, and related products
The proposed communication method for UWB technologies addresses the lack of signaling methods for DS-TWR and OWR by configuring MMS packet transmission, enhancing reliability and efficiency in UWB ranging operations.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing UWB technologies lack specified methods for organizing signaling interactions between initiators and responders to enable double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) and one-way ranging (OWR) using multi-millisecond (MMS) packets, particularly in scenarios involving multiple responders.
A communication method involving the transmission of Poll frames to initiate DS-TWR and OWR, with specific configurations for MMS packet transmission, including interleaved and non-interleaved modes, to facilitate reliable and efficient ranging operations.
Enhances reliability and resource efficiency in UWB ranging by simplifying implementation, reducing latency, and improving error resilience and security in noisy channels through flexible MMS packet transmission.
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Figure CN2024122006_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RELATED PRODUCTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies, and more particularly to communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.BACKGROUND
[0002] UWB technologies are increasingly being used for indoor positioning and other location services such as access control and asset locating. Aside from dedicated devices and tags, UWB radios are increasingly becoming common in electronic devices such as smartphones.
[0003] Aside from conventional use cases, other use cases, such as device free sensing, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , long-range ranging, are being actively investigated in UWB technologies.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products according to the independent claims.
[0005] The foregoing and other objects are achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further implementations are apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the figures.
[0006] Particular embodiments are outlined in the attached independent claims, with other embodiments in the dependent claims.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be performed by an initiator (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the initiator) . The method may include: transmitting a first Poll frame that indicates to initiate double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) , and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of multi-millisecond (MMS) packets; and receiving, from a first responder, a first Response frame that is transmitted based on the first Poll frame.
[0008] In the method according to the present disclosure, the initiator may initiate the DS-TWR by transmitting the first Poll frame. The first Poll frame may carry information related to the DS-TWR which may include information related to the MMS packets. The responder that receives the first Poll frame may start the DS-TWR with the initiator using the MMS packets.
[0009] Furthermore, at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame, the initiator may transmit a corresponding MMS packet. At a fixed interval after transmitting the first Response frame, the responder may transmit a corresponding MMS packet. In the present disclosure, for ease of description, a MMS packet transmitted by the initiator at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame may be called a first MMS packet; a MMS packet transmitted by the initiator at a fixed interval after transmitting a second Poll frame (which may be described below) may be called a third MMS packet; and a MMS packet transmitted by the responder at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Response frame may be called a second MMS packet
[0010] It is noted that the method according to the present disclosure may be applicable to a one-to-one (O2O) scenario where one initiator and one responder participate in the DS-TWR, or a one-to-many (O2M) scenario where one initiator and two or more responders participate in the DS-TWR.
[0011] In the method according to the present disclosure, the initiator transmits the first Poll frame that indicates to initiate the DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, the number of MMS packets, and receives, from the first responder, the first Response frame that is based on the first Poll frame. Therefore, the method according to the present disclosure may provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder (s) to enable the DS-TWR using the MMS packets.
[0012] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates to initiate the DS-TWR with N responders, and the first responder is a first-ranked one in the N responders, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0013] The number of responders may relate to the O2O scenario or O2M scenario. The first Poll frame may include a first message control field. A value of the first message control field may indicate the O2O scenario or O2M scenario, and the value of the first message control field may be different for the O2O scenario or O2M scenario.
[0014] In a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2O scenario, the first Poll frame may indicate to initiate one responder. In a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2M scenario, the first Poll frame may further include a first message content field indicating the number of the responders. Alternatively, in a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2M scenario, the number of the responders may be determined in the initialization and setup phase, such as the responder may transmit the ADV-RESP frame to participate in the ranging session, the initiator may know the number of the responders based on the received ADV-RESP frame (s) , and indicate the number of the responders by the SOR frame, so that the first Poll frame initiates the corresponding DS-TWR.
[0015] In the method according to the present disclosure, the N responders may be initiated by the first Poll frame simply, which may be implemented easily.
[0016] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame includes a first message content field, and the first message content field includes a first subfield indicating the number of the MMS packets.
[0017] In the method according to the present disclosure, the first subfield in the first message content field may indicate the number of the MMS packets, which may vary with the value of the first message control field and thus may be flexible, simple and implemented easily.
[0018] In a possible implementation, a number of sub-rounds in a ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of: the number of the MMS packets, or a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame.
[0019] In the method according to the present disclosure, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of: the number of the MMS packets, or the number of the responders initiated by the first Poll frame, that is, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be implicitly indicated. Thus, no other field may be used to indicate the number of the sub-rounds, which may save the resources.
[0020] In a possible implementation, the first message content field further includes a second subfield indicating a number of sub-rounds included in a ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0021] In the method according to the present disclosure, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR is indicated by the second subfield in the first message content field, that is, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be explicitly indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0022] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0023] In the method according to the present disclosure, the number of the slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR is indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0024] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved.
[0025] In the method according to the present disclosure, whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved may be explicitly indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0026] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) , and the method further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet in a first sub-round; receiving a second MMS packet from a Nth responder in a (N+1) th sub-round; and transmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round, in which N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0027] In the method according to the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted non-interleaved, which may have advantages of simplified implementation, low latency, reduced resource consumption, and ease of debugging and maintenance.
[0028] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) , and the method further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; receiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round; and transmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round.
[0029] In the method according to the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted interleaved, which may have advantages of improved error resilience, enhanced performance in noisy channels, efficient use of error correction codes, flexibility in design, and enhanced security.
[0030] In a possible implementation, before the transmitting the third MMS packet, the method further includes: transmitting a second Poll frame.
[0031] In the method according to the present disclosure, the second Poll frame is transmitted to initiate to transmit the third MMS packet, which may increase the reliability.
[0032] In a possible implementation, the second Poll frame indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0033] In the method according to the present disclosure, the second Poll frame indicates whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, which may be time-sensitive.
[0034] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0035] In the method according to the present disclosure, the first Poll frame indicates whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, which may save resources.
[0036] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N, and the method further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; and receiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round.
[0037] In the method according to the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted interleaved, which may have advantages of improved error resilience, enhanced performance in noisy channels, efficient use of error correction codes, flexibility in design, and enhanced security; and furthermore, two MMS packets may be used to realize the DS-TWR, which may save the resources.
[0038] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving an advertising-response (ADV-RESP) frame; and transmitting a start of ranging (SOR) frame.
[0039] In the method according to the present disclosure, through the ADV-RESP frame and / or the SOR frame, the initiator and the responder may exchange configurations about the DS-TWR.
[0040] In a possible implementation, any one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame includes a first field indicating a TWR mode of DS-TWR, and the TWR mode includes DS-TWR with three MMS packets or DS-TWR with two packets.
[0041] In the method according to the present disclosure, the TWR mode of DS-TWR may be configured during the initialization and setup phase, or the TWR mode of DS-TWR may be indicated during the control phase, to facilitate to perform the DS-TWR subsequently.
[0042] In a possible implementation, the SOR frame or the first Poll frame includes a second field indicating whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame.
[0043] In the method according to the present disclosure, whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in the REPORT frame may be configured during the initialization and setup phase, or may be indicated during the control phase, to facilitate to report the timing measurement results subsequently.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with three MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of: a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) of a first MMS packet, a second MMS packet, and a third MMS packet; a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last RIFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet; a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet, and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or a sixth subfield indicating whether a ranging sequence fragment (RSF) timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet.
[0045] In the method according to the present disclosure, the third to sixth subfields may indicate the specific measurement results, which may be convenient and flexible.
[0046] In a possible implementation, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with two MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of: a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of a first MMS packet, and a first RIF of a second MMS packet; a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last two RIFs of the first MMS packet, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of the first MMS packets, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; or a sixth subfield indicating whether an RSF timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet.
[0047] In the method according to the present disclosure, the third to sixth subfields may indicate the specific measurement results, which may be convenient and flexible.
[0048] In a possible implementation, the method further includes at least one of: transmitting a first REPORT frame; or receiving a second REPORT frame, in which content of the first REPORT frame or the second REPORT frame is determined based on the second field.
[0049] In the method according to the present disclosure, by exchanging at least one of the first or second REPORT frames, the final TOF may be obtained.
[0050] In a possible implementation, a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the first REPORT frame, or an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the second REPORT frame.
[0051] In the method according to the present disclosure, since the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result have the same value, the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in the same field in the first REPORT frame to save the resources; or since the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result have the same value, the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in the same field in the second REPORT frame to save the resources.
[0052] According to a second aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be performed by a responder (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the responder) . The method may include: receiving, from an initiator, a first Poll frame that indicates to initiate DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of MMS packets; and transmitting a first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator.
[0053] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) , and the method further includes: receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a first sub-round; transmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in a (N+1) th sub-round; and receiving, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round.
[0054] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) , and the method further includes: receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a Nth sub-round; transmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round; and receiving, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round.
[0055] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: before the receiving the third MMS packet, receiving, from the initiator, a second Poll frame.
[0056] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N, and the method further includes: receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a Nth sub-round; and transmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round.
[0057] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: transmitting an ADV-RESP frame to the initiator; and receiving, from the initiator, an SOR frame.
[0058] In a possible implementation, the method further includes at least one of: receiving, from the initiator, a first REPORT frame; or transmitting a second REPORT frame to the initiator.
[0059] According to a third aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be performed by an initiator (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the initiator) . The method may include: determining a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate one-way ranging (OWR) , and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR; and transmitting the third Poll frame.
[0060] The initiator may initiate the OWR by transmitting the third Poll frame. The third Poll frame may carry information related to the OWR which may include information related to the OWR. The responder that receives the third Poll frame may start the OWR by receiving the MMS packet (s) from the initiator to perform the OWR.
[0061] In the method according to the present disclosure, the initiator determines the third Poll frame that indicates to initiate the OWR and indicates the type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR, and transmits the third Poll frame. Thus, the OWR with the MMS packet (s) may be initiated and start simply, which may be high-efficiency. Therefore, the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) .
[0062] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: transmitting an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment.
[0063] In a possible implementation, the third Poll frame includes a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate OWR.
[0064] In a possible implementation, the third Poll frame further includes a second message content field, the second message content field includes a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0065] In a possible implementation, the type of OWR includes a first type of OWR based on a DL-TDoA, a second type of OWR based on an AoA, or a third type of OWR based on an UL-TDoA.
[0066] According to a fourth aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be performed by a responder (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the responder) . The method may include: receiving a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate OWR, and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to a type of OWR; and determining to perform the OWR based on the third Poll frame.
[0067] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment.
[0068] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes various units for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0069] According to a sixth aspect, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0070] According to a seventh aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, where the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0071] According to an eighth, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes one or more processors; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing programming for execution by the processors, where the programming, when executed by the processors, configures the decoder to perform the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0072] In some embodiments, the electronic device may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus / device or component through the interface circuit.
[0073] The electronic device may be an initiator or a responder, a module or circuitry in an initiator or a responder, or a chip responsible for a communication function in an initiator or a responder, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0074] According to a ninth aspect, a communication system is provided. The system includes the initiator and the responder; or the apparatus / device for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, and the apparatus / device for performing the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0075] According to a tenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may carry a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0076] According to an eleventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes program code for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation in the first aspect, or the method according to the second aspect or any possible implementation in the second aspect, or the method according to the third aspect or any possible implementation in the third aspect, or the method according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation in the fourth aspect.
[0077] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus / device embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0078] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where:
[0079] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a block-based mode;
[0080] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of UWB MMS ranging;
[0081] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of NBA UWB MMS ranging and UWB driven UWB MMS ranging;
[0082] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of operations of single-sided two-way ranging (SS-TWR) ;
[0083] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of operations of double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) ;
[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0085] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0086] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example Poll Compact frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0087] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example Message Content field according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0088] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of another example Message Content field according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0089] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example Response Compact frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0090] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of a communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0091] FIG. 13 illustrates another schematic diagram of a communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0092] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of another example Poll Compact frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0093] FIG. 15 illustrates still another schematic diagram of a communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0094] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of a Management MAC Configuration field according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0095] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of timing measurements using three MMS packets according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0096] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram of timing measurements using two MMS packets according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0097] FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic diagram of an Initiator Report Compact frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0098] FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic diagram of a Responder Report Compact frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0099] FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic flowchart of another communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0100] FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic diagram of still another example Message Content field according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0101] FIG. 23 illustrates a schematic diagram of another communication method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0102] FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0103] FIG. 25 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0104] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the drawings. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0105] For instance, it is understood that a disclosure in connection with a described method may also hold true for a corresponding device or system configured to perform the method and vice versa. For example, if one or a plurality of specific method steps are described, a corresponding device may include one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, to perform the described one or plurality of method steps (e.g. one unit performing the one or plurality of steps, or a plurality of units each performing one or more of the plurality of steps) , even if such one or more units are not explicitly described or illustrated in the drawings. On the other hand, for example, if a specific apparatus is described based on one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, a corresponding method may include one step to perform the functionality of the one or plurality of units (e.g. one step performing the functionality of the one or plurality of units, or a plurality of steps each performing the functionality of one or more of the plurality of units) , even if such one or plurality of steps are not explicitly described or illustrated in the drawings. Further, it is understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments and / or aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
[0106] The above description describes generalized description or possible applications of embodiments of the present disclosure, and the embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in detail below by combining with ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies employed in the above possible applications. Reference may be made to other related technologies such as Wi-FiTM employed in the above possible applications, which may be understood easily for a person skilled in the art.
[0107] UWB technologies are increasingly being used for ranging, for example, indoor positioning and other location services such as access control and asset locating. Aside from dedicated devices and tags, UWB radios are increasingly becoming common in electronic devices such as smartphones. The UWB physical layers (PHYs) and media access control (MAC) are standardized by the IEEE, and the most recent related IEEE publication are the IEEE 802.15.4-2020 and the IEEE 802.15.4z. In addition, a task group, 802.15.4ab, is actively working on enhancements to the UWB technologies.
[0108] Two different ranging modes may be defined for ranging in UWB technologies: interval-based mode and block-based mode. The key difference between block-based mode and interval-based mode may be that the mean time between successive ranging rounds in block-based mode is assumed to be constant (i.e. using a time structure with uniform spacing) , while interval-based mode adopts a time structure with adaptive spacing, and the time between successive ranging rounds may vary dynamically. The ranging technologies may be used in various scenarios, such as tags, smartphones, laptops, key fobs, vehicles, door locks, garages, hotel rooms, and elevators.
[0109] The time structure adopted by the block-based mode may be defined in 802.15.4z and is illustrated in FIG. 1. With reference to FIG. 1, each ranging block may include a whole number of ranging rounds, where a ranging round is a period of sufficient duration to complete one entire range-measurement involving a set of enhanced ranging capable devices (ERDEVs) participating in the ranging exchange. Each ranging round may be further subdivided into an integer number of ranging slots where a ranging slot is a time period of sufficient duration for the transmission of at least one ranging frame (RFRAME) and sometimes ranging packet (s) that follows the RFRAME may also be transmitted in this ranging slot. The block-based mode uses a structured timeline where the ranging block structure is periodic by default. It is understood that the same or similar concepts may also be applicable to the interval-based mode.
[0110] Aside from the conventional ranging use cases, other use cases, such as device free sensing, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , long-range ranging, are being actively investigated in the UWB technologies. To address the long-range ranging use case, multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging has been introduced in 802.15.4ab into the UWB technologies, which may also refer to UWB MMS ranging. The key idea behind the UWB MMS ranging is to distribute UWB ranging frames into multiple fragments and the fragments are transmitted across multiple milliseconds (ms) , thereby overcoming the emitted energy limit of 37 nanojoule per ms (nJ per ms) . If the initialization and setup and control phase is implemented in the UWB, it may be termed as the UWB driven UWB MMS ranging. If the UWB MMS ranging may be enhanced by a high-performance narrowband (NB) radio which is used to provide time synchronization for the UWB radio and is also used for control signaling, it may be termed as the narrowband assisted UWB multi-millisecond (NBA UWB MMS) ranging. In the UWB MMS ranging, the number of fragments required for the ranging depends on the range to be measured as well as channel conditions, and hence may be dynamically adjusted even within the same ranging session.
[0111] The UWB MMS ranging for two way ranging (TWR) as described in IEEE 802.15.4ab is illustrated in FIG. 2. A UWB MMS ranging session may include an initialization and setup phase followed by one or more ranging rounds (or measurement rounds / cycles) . During the initialization and setup phase, frames are transmitted in an initialization channel, while during the measurement rounds, the frames are transmitted in a ranging channel. While it is possible to use the same channel as both the initialization channel and the ranging channel, it is more likely that one or more well-known channels will be used as the initialization channel.
[0112] In the initialization and setup phase, initiators and responders may negotiate ranging configuration which is different from the default configuration defined by 802.15.4ab. An initiator may transmit advertising poll (ADV-POLL) frames opportunistically at times and intervals to its discretion while responder (s) may opportunistically listen for incoming ADV-POLL frames and respond with an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame if the responder intends to participate in a ranging session with the initiator. Once the initiator has received an ADV-RESP frame, it may transmit a start of ranging (SOR) frame that provides a time offset at which a first ranging round will start.
[0113] A ranging round may include a control phase, a ranging phase, and an optional report phase. The control phase may start at the beginning of the ranging round. An initiator may start the control phase by transmitting a Poll (POLL) frame to a responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of a ranging round. A responder that receives the POLL frame successfully may transmit a response (RESP) frame back to the initiator. The POLL and RESP frames allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization. The initiator may also include other control information in the POLL frame for the responder. In the ranging phase, the initiator and the responder may exchange zero or more MMS packets. An MMS packet may include multiple fragments such as zero or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) and / or one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) . The RSFs may be used to perform ranging measurements while the RIFs may be used to check the integrity of the ranging measurements. Sometimes, the RIFs may also be used to perform ranging measurements. An MMS packet may be an RSF-only MMS packet, RIF-only MMS packet, or a mixed MMS packet. In a mixed MMS packet, one or more RIFs may follow the RSF (s) . A RIF-only MMS packet may only include one or more RIFs, and a RSF-only MMS packet may only include one or more RSFs. After the initiator and / or the responder completes the reception of all UWB fragments for the ranging phase, the report phase may start in which the initiator and / or the responder may generate a ranging measurement report, and transmit a report (REPORT) frame carrying the ranging measurement report to the peer device. The timestamp that is reported is measured relative to a ranging marker (RMARKER) . For all legacy physical layers (PHYs) , the RMARKER is defined to be the time when the beginning of the first symbol following the start-of-frame delimiter (SFD) of the RFRAME is at the local antenna. For MMS packets, the RMARKERs for the RSF and the RIF are called RSF-RMARKER and RIF-RMARKER respectively. For RSF-only MMS packets or for mixed MMS packets, the RSF-RMARKER is defined as the peak of the first pulse in the first RSF. For RIF-only MMS packets or for mixed MMS packets, each RIF may include two RIF-MARKERs, which are defined as the peak of the first pulse and the peak of the last pulse respectively in each RIF. When a RIF is used for SS-TWR or DS-TWR timing measurements, the first RIF-RMARKER of the RIF and / or the last RIF-RMARKER of the RIF may be used as the RMARKER for the timing measurements.
[0114] It is noted that in FIG. 2, one initiator and one responder are illustrated; and reference should be made to one initiator and two or more responders. In a case where there are one initiator and two or more responders, each of two or more responders may transmit the corresponding ADV-RESP frame, so that there are two or more ADV-RESP frames transmitted; and each of two or more responders may use one ranging round or two or more responders may share one ranging round, which depends on actual applications.
[0115] The UWB MMS ranging comes in two flavors, as described above, which may be clearer with reference to FIG. 3. The two flavors may be: (1) the NBA UWB MMS ranging, in which the ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB while the control frames are transmitted using narrow band, for example, using the offset quadra phase shift keying (O-QPSK) PHY specified in IEEE 802.15.4-2020; (2) the UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, in which the control frames as well as the ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB. In the UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, an UWB packet including only a synchronization (SYNC) field and a start frame delimiter (SFD) field indicates the start of the MMS packet. In FIG. 3, the default timing configuration is illustrated in which any two RSFs or RIFs are 1 ms apart while the last RSF and the first RIF is 2 ms apart in time, and there are RSF-1, RSF-2, …, RSF-X, and RIF-1, RIF-2, …, RIF-Y for one MMS packet, where X and Y are positive integers, and X is equals to Y or different from Y. It is noted that even if two UWB packets in one ranging round are included, the number of fragments in the two UWB packets may be different or the same, for example, one UWB packet includes 4 fragments and another UWB packet includes 4 or 6 fragments, which depends on actual applications.
[0116] Several ranging and localization manners are described in IEEE 802.15.4z such as SS-TWR and DS-TWR.
[0117] The SS-TWR may involve a measurement of a round-trip delay of a single message from one device to another device and a response transmitted back to the original device, as illustrated in FIG. 4. Each device precisely measures the transmission and reception times of the messages, and the resultant time of flight (TOF) may be estimated as by Equation 1 of:
[0118] where, Tround is the round-trip time and Treply is the reply time.
[0119] The DS-TWR is an extension of the SS-TWR in which two round-trip time measurements are used and combined to give the TOF with a reduced error in the presence of uncorrected clock frequency offset even for quite long response delays.
[0120] The operation of the DS-TWR is illustrated in FIG. 5, where device A initiates the first round-trip time measurement to which device B responds, after which device B initiates the second round-trip time measurement to which device A responds completing the full DS-TWR exchange, and Tprop is the propagation time of the RMARKER between the devices. Each device precisely measures the transmission and reception times of the messages, and the resultant TOF may be estimated as by Equation 2 of:
[0121] where Tround is the round-trip time and Treply is the reply time.
[0122] It is noted that device A in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 may be the initiator or the responder, and device B in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 may be the responder or the initiator.
[0123] The UWB MMS ranging being discussed in IEEE 802.15.4ab is targeted at the SS-TWR and assumes that at least one initiator and one or more responders participate in the ranging sessions by transmitting MMS packets that are interleaved in time. The responder computes the reply time (Treply in FIG. 4) based on the reception time of the RMARKER in the first RSF from the initiator and the transmission time of the RMARKER in its first RSF, and transmits the reply-time to the initiator in its Report frame. Similarly, the initiator computes the round-trip time (Tround in FIG. 4) based on the transmission time of the RMARKER in its first RSF and the reception time of the RMARKER in the first RSF from the responder, and transmits the round-trip time to the responder in its Report frame. The initiator and / or the responder may obtain the TOF by the above Equation 1.
[0124] However, although the computing manner of the TOF in the DS-TWR is discussed as above in FIG. 5, how to organize the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder (s) for the DS-TWR to obtain two reply times and two round-trip times for the initiator and / or the responder (s) is not specified, i.e. how to perform the DS-TWR using the MMS packets are not specified recently. Furthermore, there are also ranging manners in which ranging may be performed based on the transmissions from a single device. These are generally known as one-way ranging (OWR) , and OWR using regular UWB frames are well known. However, how to perform OWR using the MMS packets is also not specified.
[0125] For at least one of the above problems, solutions are proposed to provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder (s) to enable the DS-TWR using the MMS packets, enhance the initialization and setup phase of the DS-TWR using the MMS packets, or enhance the ranging and reporting phases of the DS-TWR using the MMS packets. Further solutions are proposed to provide the signaling interaction to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) .
[0126] The present disclosure is applicable to any application that uses the UWB MMS ranging.
[0127] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 6, in the wireless communication system 100, a first device 110 may communicate with other multiple devices, such as a second device 120 and a third device 130. The wireless communication system 100 may perform SS-TWR applications, DS-TWR applications, or OWR applications such as TDoA and angle of arrival (AoA) .
[0128] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be a controller while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be controlees. The controller may be a device that controls a UWB session and defines session parameters, and the controlee may be a device that utilizes the session parameters received from the controller to participate in the UWB session.
[0129] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be an initiator while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be responders. The initiator may be a device that follows the instruction from the controller and initiates a UWB exchange by transmitting a first message of the exchange. A controller or a controlee may be an initiator. The responder may be a device that responds to the first message received from the initiator and participates in the UWB exchange. A controller or a controlee may be a responder.
[0130] In AoA OWR applications, the second device 120 may be an advertiser while the first device 110 and the third device 130 may be observers. The advertiser is a device that regularly broadcasts data packets containing information about itself, allowing other devices to discover and connect to it. The observer is a device that listens to these broadcasted data packets and takes appropriate actions based on the received data packets. For example, a beacon may act as an advertiser, broadcasting its location information, while a smartphone may act as an observer, receiving and processing this information to provide location services. The advertiser may be an initiator or a responder, and the observer may be a responder or an initiator.
[0131] In DL-TDoA OWR applications, the first device 110 may be an anchor device while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be tags. The anchor is a reference point used to determine a position of the tag. The anchor may be an initiator. The tag may be a responder.
[0132] It is noted that the devices in FIG. 6 are illustrative rather than restrictive, and there may be other number of devices playing different roles in actual applications. It is further be noted that when the wireless communication system 100 is used to a certain application, the devices in FIG. 6 or other number of devices may be set according to the certain application to play different roles, which is not limited herein.
[0133] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure provides a communication method involving the signaling interaction between an initiator and responder (s) to realize the DS-TWR. Reference may be made to FIG. 7, the interaction devices involves an initiator (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the initiator) and a responder (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the responder) . The communication method 700 may include the following steps.
[0134] In step 701, an initiator transmits a first Poll frame. The first Poll frame indicates to initiate DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of MMS packets. Accordingly, a responder, such as a first responder, receives the first Poll frame.
[0135] In step 702, the responder, such as the first responder, transmits a first Response frame that is transmitted based on the first Poll frame. Accordingly, the initiator receives the first Response frame.
[0136] For example, the initiator may initiate the DS-TWR by transmitting the first Poll frame. The first Poll frame may carry information related to the DS-TWR which may include information related to the MMS packets. The responder that receives the first Poll frame may start the DS-TWR with the initiator using the MMS packets.
[0137] Furthermore, at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame, the initiator may transmit a corresponding MMS packet. At a fixed interval after transmitting the first Response frame, the responder may transmit a corresponding MMS packet.
[0138] In the following, for ease of description, a MMS packet transmitted by the initiator at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame may be called a first MMS packet; a MMS packet transmitted by the initiator at a fixed interval after transmitting a second Poll frame (which may be described below) may be called a third MMS packet; and a MMS packet transmitted by the responder at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Response frame may be called a second MMS packet.
[0139] It is noted that the communication method 700 may be applicable to a one-to-one (O2O) scenario where one initiator and one responder participate in the DS-TWR, or a one-to-many (O2M) scenario where one initiator and two or more responders participate in the DS-TWR.
[0140] In the O2O scenario, the first responder may be the one responder. The initiator may transmit the first Poll frame, and the first responder may receive the first Poll frame and transmit the first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator. Thus, the initiator and the first responder may start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets and both transmit the corresponding MMS packets to complete the DS-TWR.
[0141] In the O2M scenario, a sequence of the two or more responders may be determined in advance. For example, the initiator and the two or more responders may negotiate the sequence of the two or more responders during the initialization and setup phase. Each responder may perform the DS-TWR with the initiator sequentially according to the determined sequence of the two or more responders. Therefore, the first responder may be the first-ranked one in the sequence of the two or more responders, which may first perform the DS-TWR with the initiator.
[0142] In the O2M scenario, the initiator may transmit the first Poll frame. The first responder may receive the first Poll frame and transmit the first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator. Thus, the initiator and the first responder may start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets and both transmit the corresponding MMS packets to complete the DS-TWR. Then, the initiator may transmit another first Poll frame. A responder following sequentially the first responder may receive the another first Poll frame and transmit another first Response frame based on the another first Poll frame to the initiator. Thus, the initiator and the responder following sequentially the first responder may start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets and both transmit the corresponding MMS packets to complete the DS-TWR. This process will continue until the initiator and the last responder start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets.
[0143] Alternatively, in the O2M scenario, the initiator may transmit the first Poll frame by broadcasting and schedule two or more responders to perform the DS-TWR. At a fixed interval after transmitting the first Poll frame, the initiator may transmit the first MMS packet. The two or more responders may receive the first Poll frame. The two or more responders may transmit sequentially two or more first Response frames based on the first Poll frame. For example, there are N responders, where N is a positive integer greater than 1 (it is noted that in the O2O scenario, N is equal to 1) . The Nth responder transmitting the Nth first Response frame based on the first Poll frame means that the DS-TWR with the MMS packets between the initiator and the Nth responder may start at a fixed interval after transmitting the first Response frame, and the Nth responder may transmit the second MMS packet. The initiator and the Nth responder may use the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet and sometime the third MMS packet to complete the DS-TWR. Actually, the first-ranked one, i.e. the first responder may transmit the first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator and then the initiator and the first responder may start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets. Then, the responder following sequentially the first responder may transmit another first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator and then the initiator and the responder following sequentially the first responder may start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets. This process will continue until the initiator and the last responder start the DS-TWR with the MMS packets.
[0144] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the initiator transmits the first Poll frame that indicates to initiate the DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, the number of MMS packets, and receives, from the first responder, the first Response frame that is based on the first Poll frame. Therefore, the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder (s) to enable the DS-TWR using the MMS packets.
[0145] To improve the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder (s) to enable the DS-TWR using the MMS packets, there are some settings in the first Poll frame.
[0146] In some embodiments, the first Poll frame further indicates to initiate the DS-TWR with N responders, and the first responder is a first-ranked one in the N responders, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0147] For example, the number of responders may relate to the O2O scenario or O2M scenario. The first Poll frame may include a first message control field. A value of the first message control field may indicate the O2O scenario or O2M scenario, and the value of the first message control field may be different for the O2O scenario or O2M scenario.
[0148] In a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2O scenario, the first Poll frame may indicate to initiate one responder. In a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2M scenario, the first Poll frame may further include a first message content field indicating the number of the responders. Alternatively, in a case where the value of the first message control field indicates the O2M scenario, the number of the responders may be determined in the initialization and setup phase, such as the responder may transmit the ADV-RESP frame to participate in the ranging session, the initiator may know the number of the responders based on the received ADV-RESP frame (s) , and indicate the number of the responders by the SOR frame, so that the first Poll frame initiates the information related to the number of the responders to initiate the corresponding DS-TWR.
[0149] For example, the first Poll frame may be a Poll Compact frame. The Poll Compact frame may be illustrated in FIG. 8. The Poll Compact frame may include a Frame Type field that is set to “b100” (which means that 3 bits (bits 0-2) may be set as 100) representing a Compact frame. The Poll Compact frame may further include a Compact Frame ID field that indicates a type of the Poll Compact frame, and for example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a value (e.g., 3 for an O2O Poll Compact frame or 8 for an O2M Poll Compact frame) that indicates a respective Poll Compact frame. It is noted the above values may be illustrative rather than restrictive, which may be other values.
[0150] The Poll Compact frame may further include a resolvable private addresses (RPA) Hash field and an RPA pseudo-random number (Prand) field. The RPA_hash carried in the RPA Hash field and the RPA_prand carried in the RPA Prand field may together represent a private address of the initiator. The RPA_hash is given by bits 0 to 23 of h (key=IdentityResolvingKey (IRK) , data=RPA_prand) where h () is the advanced encryption standard with a 128-bit key block cipher (AES-128 block cipher) , with the IRK and the initiator's RPA_prand as inputs. The RPA_prand is a 3-octets long random number generated by the initiator.
[0151] The Poll Compact frame may further include a Message Control field. The Message Control field may be also called the first message control field according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be set to different values to indicate different sub-types of the Poll Compact frame.
[0152] The Poll Compact frame may further include a Message Content field. The Message Content field may be also called the first message content field according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and content carried in the Message Content field may vary with the value carried in the message control field.
[0153] For example, the Message Control field may be set to 0x60 (for O2O) or 0xE0 (O2M) , which means that the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate a TWR. The Message Control field may be set to 0x60 for initiating an O2O TWR or set to 0xE0 for initiating an O2M TWR. Accordingly, when the Message Control field is set to 0x60 or 0xE0, the Message Content field may be illustrated in FIG. 9. In a case where the Message Control field may be set to 0xE0 for initiating an O2M TWR, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the Message Content field may include a Number of Responders field. The Number of Responders field may indicate the number of the responders selected to participate in the ranging phase. For example, if there are two responders, the value of the Number of Responders field may be one; if there are three responders, the value of the Number of Responders field may be two; and so on. It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent the different number of responders. In addition, the Message Content field for O2M may further include a Responder Address List field. The Responder Address List field may contain the addresses of the responders selected to participate in the ranging phase, with three octets per address and an address for each of the selected responders.
[0154] For another example, the Message Control field may be set to 0x20 (for O2O) or 0xA0 (for O2M) , which means that the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate an interleaved DS-TWR without any additional parameters. Since the Message Control field set to 0x20 or 0xA0 initiates no any additional parameters, the Message Content field may be set to 0x0000 both for the O2O and the O2M, as illustrated in FIG. 10. In this case, for the O2M, the information related to the number of the responders selected to participate in the ranging phase may be determined in the initialization and setup phase, and the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate the information. The Message Control field may also be set to 0x30 (for O2O) or 0xB0 (for O2M) , which means that the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate an interleaved DS-TWR with additional parameters. Since the Message Control field set to 0x30 or 0xB0 initiates the additional parameters, the Message Content field may also include fields to indicate the additional parameters. If the Message Control field is set to 0xB0, the Message Content field may include the Number of Responders field, which may refer to the above Number of Responders field and is not repeated herein. Also, the Message Content field for O2M may further include a Responder Address List field, which is not related herein. The interleaved DS-TWR means the MMS packet transmitted by the initiator and the MMS packet transmitted by the responder are interleaved in time, which may be described in detail as follows.
[0155] For still another example, the Message Control field may be set to 0x40 (for O2O) or 0xC0 (for O2M) , which means that the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate a non-interleaved TWR without any additional parameters. Since the Message Control field set to 0x40 or 0xC0 initiates no any additional parameters, the Message Content field may be set to 0x0000 both for the O2O and the O2M, as illustrated in FIG. 10. In this case, for the O2M, the information related to the number of the responders selected to participate in the ranging phase may be determined in the initialization and setup phase, and the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate the information. The Message Control field may also be set to 0x50 (for O2O) or 0xD0 (for O2M) , which means that the Poll Compact frame is used to initiate a non-interleaved TWR with additional parameters. Since the Message Control field set to 0x50 or 0xD0 initiates the additional parameters, the Message Content field may also include fields to indicate the additional parameters. If the Message Control field is set to 0xD0, the Message Content field may include the Number of Responders field, which may refer to the above Number of Responders field and is not repeated herein. Also, the Message Content field for O2M may further include a Responder Address List field, which is not repeated herein. The non-interleaved DS-TWR means the MMS packet transmitted by the initiator and the MMS packet transmitted by the responder are not interleaved in time, which may be described in detail as follows.
[0156] The TWR mode (SS or DS) may be indicated by the SOR frame or the ADV-RESP frame in the Initialization and Setup phase, or the first Poll frame, which will be described in detail as follows.
[0157] In other words, when the Message Control field is set to a value corresponding to the O2O, it may indicate one responder, and when the Message Control field is set to the value corresponding to the O2M, it may indicate two or more responders. Furthermore, when the Message Control field is set to the value corresponding to the O2M, the Poll Compact frame may further include a Message Content field to indicate the number of responders, or the number of the responders may be determined in the initialization and setup phase and the first Poll frame may be used to initiate the corresponding ranging.
[0158] It is noted that the above values of the Message Control field are illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent different sub-types.
[0159] In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the Poll Compact frame may further include a frame check sequence (FCS) field that indicates an FCS. The FCS is used to detect a transmission error of the Poll Compact frame for ensuring the integrity and reliability of data transmission.
[0160] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the N responders may be initiated by the first Poll frame simply, which may be implemented easily.
[0161] In some other embodiments, the first Poll frame includes a first message content field, and the first message content field includes a first subfield indicating the number of the MMS packets.
[0162] For example, with reference to FIG. 9, the Message Content field (both for O2O and O2M) may include a Round Control field. The Round Control field indicates various control information regarding the ranging round. The Round Control field may include a Number of MMS Packets field, which may be a first subfield. The Number of MMS Packets field indicate the number of MMS packets to be used for the DS-TWR, in which: in a case where the Number of MMS Packets field is set to 0, it indicates three MMS packets; and in a case where the Number of MMS Packets field is set to 1, it indicates two MMS packets. It is noted that the above values of the Number of MMS Packets field are illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent the number of MMS packets.
[0163] It is also noted that the Round Control field and the Number of MMS Packets field may have other names, which is not limited herein.
[0164] For another example, with reference to FIG. 10, the number of the MMS packets may be set in the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, or the Ranging MAC Configuration field. If the Management PHY Configuration field, the Management MAC Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, and the Ranging MAC Configuration field are omitted, the number of the MMS packets may be determined in the initialization and setup phase such as the SOR frame configures the number of the MMS packets, and the first Poll frame may be used to initiate the corresponding ranging with the number of the MMS packets.
[0165] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first subfield in the first message content field may indicate the number of the MMS packets, which may vary with the value of the first message control field and thus may be flexible, simple and implemented easily.
[0166] In some embodiments, a number of sub-rounds in a ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of: the number of the MMS packets, or a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame. That is, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be implicitly indicated. If the number of the MMS packets or the number of the responders may be indicated, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be determined.
[0167] For example, in a case where two MMS packets are indicated and the two MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the sub-rounds = the number of the responders, that is, one sub-round is for one responder, and in a certain sub-round, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet and a corresponding responder may transmit a second MMS packet, and the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet are interleaved. In a case where three MMS packets are indicated and the three MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the sub-rounds = the number of the responders +1, that is, one sub-round is for one responder; in a certain sub-round, the initiator may transmit a first MMS packet and a corresponding responder may transmit a second MMS packet, and the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet are interleaved; and the last sub-round is for the initiator to transmit the last MMS packet (i.e., a third MMS packet) . In a case where three MMS packets are indicated and the three MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the sub-rounds = the number of the responders + 2, the first sub-round is for the initiator to transmit the first MMS packet, and the last sub-round is for the initiator to transmit the last MMS packet (i.e., the third MMS packet) ; and for the remaining sub-rounds, one sub-round is for one responder, and in a certain sub-round, the corresponding responder may transmit the second MMS packet.
[0168] It is noted that in the O2O, the number of responders is one, and in the O2M, the Number of Responders field indicate the number of responders selected to participate in the ranging phase.
[0169] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of: the number of the MMS packets, or the number of the responders initiated by the first Poll frame, that is, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be implicitly indicated. Thus, no other field may be used to indicate the number of the sub-rounds, which may save the resources.
[0170] In some embodiments, the first message content field further includes a second subfield indicating a number of sub-rounds included in a ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0171] For example, in a case where the message control field is set for O2O, in FIG. 9, the Round Control field may include the second subfield, which may be a Number of Sub-rounds field. The Number of Sub-rounds field indicate the number of sub-rounds allocated in the ranging round for the DS-TWR. For example, a value of the Number of Sub-rounds field may be set to 0, and it may indicate one sub-round; and a value of the Number of Sub-rounds field may be set to 1, and it may indicate two sub-rounds. It is noted that the above value of the Number of Sub-rounds field is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent the different number of sub-rounds. It is also noted that the Number of Sub-rounds field may have other names, which is not limited herein.
[0172] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR is indicated by the second subfield in the first message content field, that is, the number of the sub-rounds in the ranging round for the DS-TWR may be explicitly indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0173] In some embodiments, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0174] For example, in FIG. 9, a Slots Per Sub-round field may be included in the Message Content field. The Slots Per Sub-round field may indicate the number of slots allocated for each sub-round except the last sub-round. For example, if the value of the Slots Per Sub-round field is set to m and m is a positive integer, the number of the slots allocated for each sub-round is (m+1) . Since the last sub-round may be used to transmit and / or receive the report frame (s) , the number of slots in the last sub-round may be obtained by adding additionally two slots per report frame.
[0175] For another example, in FIG. 9, a Slots Per Responder field may be included in the Message Content field. The Slots Per Responder field may indicate the number of slots allocated for each sub-round except the last sub-round. For example, if the value of the Slots Per Responder field is set to m and m is a positive integer, the number of slots allocated for each sub-round is (m+1) . Since the last sub-round may be used to transmit and / or receive the report frame (s) , the number of slots in the last sub-round may be obtained by adding additionally two slots per report frame.
[0176] It is noted that the above value of the Slots Per Sub-round field or the Slots Per Responder field is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent the different slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR. It is also noted that the Slots Per Sub-round field or the Slots Per Responder field may have other names, which is not limited herein.
[0177] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of the slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR is indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first Poll frame further indicates that the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved.
[0179] For example, in FIG. 9, a Non-Interleaved field may be included in the Message Content field. The Non-Interleaved field indicates whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved. For example, in a case where the value of the Non-Interleaved field is set to 0, it indicates that MMS packets are transmitted interleaved i.e., the fragments of the MMS packets of the initiator and responder are interleaved in time; and in a case where the value of the Non-Interleaved field is set to 1, it indicates that MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, i.e., the MMS packets are transmitted sequentially, e.g., the initiator transmits a complete MMS packet in one sub-round followed by the responder transmitting a complete MMS packet in the next sub-round.
[0180] It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to represent whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved. It is also noted that the Non-Interleaved field may have other names, which is not limited herein.
[0181] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, whether the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved may be explicitly indicated, which may increase the reliability.
[0182] Furthermore, there are some other field in the Message Content field, which are described simply as follows.
[0183] The Message Content field may further include a Request Bitmap field. The Request Bitmap field indicates field (s) that the initiator requests the responder to include in specific fields in the applicable response Compact frames. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0184] The Message Content field may further include a Presence Bitmap field. The Presence Bitmap field indicates presence / absence of the optional fields. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0185] The Message Content field may further include a NB Channel Map field. The NB Channel Map field is used to communicate NB channels that are allowed to be used between initiators and responders. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0186] The Message Content field may further include a Management PHY Configuration field. The Management PHY Configuration field is used to indicate the configuration of the PHY used for controlling, i.e. either the NB PHY or the UWB PHY. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0187] The Message Content field may further include a Management MAC Configuration field. The Management MAC Configuration field is used to configure Ranging blocks. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0188] The Message Content field may further include a Ranging PHY Configuration. The Ranging PHY Configuration is used to indicate the configuration of the PHY used for ranging, i.e. the UWB PHY. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0189] The Message Content field may further include a Ranging MAC Configuration field. The Ranging MAC Configuration field is used to indicate the configuration of the MAC aspects of the ranging PHY, i.e. the UWB PHY. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0190] The Message Content field may further include a Block Index field that indicates an index of a current ranging block. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0191] The Message Content field may further include a Round Index field that indicates an index of a current ranging round. In some examples, this field may be omitted.
[0192] The first Response frame may have the similar structure as the first Poll frame. The first Response frame may be a Response Compact frame. The Response Compact frame may be illustrated in FIG. 11. The Response Compact frame may include a Frame Type field which may be set to the same value as the Poll Compact frame. For example, the Frame Type field is set to “b100” representing the Response Compact frame. The Response Compact frame may further include a Compact Frame ID field that is set to a different value, (e.g. 4 for O2O Response Compact frame or 9 for O2M Response Compact frame) that indicates a respective Response Compact frame. It is noted the above values may be illustrative rather than restrictive, which may be other values.
[0193] The Response Compact frame may further include a Responder RPA Hash field. There may be no RPA Prand field for the Response Compact frame. The RPA_hash carried in the Responder RPA Hash field and the RPA_prand carried in the Poll Compact frame represent the private address of the responder and the RPA_hash is computed using the responder’s IRK.
[0194] The Response Compact frame may further include a Message Control field. The Message Control field is set to 0x10, which is used to initiate the responder’s MMS packet and also to provide the short term parameters requested by the initiator.
[0195] The encodings and meanings of the fields in the Message Content field are the same as that explained earlier except the Zero Padding field which is included when the size of the Message Content field without the Zero Padding field is less than five octets and consist of one, two or three octets with a value of zero where the number of padding octets is determined such that the Message Content field has a size of five octets.
[0196] The Message Control field may also be set to 0x00, which is used to initiate the responder’s MMS packet without providing any short term parameters. In this case, the Message Content field has five octets with a value of zero.
[0197] It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to initiate the responder’s MMS packet without providing any short term parameters or the responder’s MMS packet with providing any short term parameters.
[0198] As described above, after the fixed interval following transmitting the first Poll frame, the initiator may transmit a corresponding MMS packet, and after the fixed interval following transmitting the first Response frame, the responder may transmit a corresponding MMS packet. Thus, how to transmit and / or receive the MMS packets may be described below.
[0199] In some embodiments, the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) , and the communication method 700 further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet in a first sub-round; receiving a second MMS packet from a Nth responder in a (N+1) th sub-round; and transmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round, in which N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0200] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 12, one ranging round may include four sub-rounds, i.e. the first to fourth sub-rounds, and two responders, i.e. the first responder and the second responder, are presented. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round, and after the fixed slots, transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round. The first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round, and after the fixed slots, transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the second sub-round. For the first responder, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the second sub-round are non-interleaved. The second responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the third sub-round, and after the fixed slots, transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the third sub-round. For the second responder, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the third sub-round are non-interleaved. The initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet in the fourth sub-round. Thus, the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or each of the first responder and the second responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0201] In addition, before transmitting I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet, the initiator may transmit a second Poll frame in the fourth sub-round. The second Poll frame may be described below.
[0202] If there is one responder, one ranging round may include three sub-rounds, i.e. the first to third sub-rounds. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round, and after the fixed slots, transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round. The first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round, and after the fixed slots, transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the second sub-round. The initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet in the third sub-round. It is noted that the third sub-round may refer to the fourth sub-round in FIG. 12. Thus, the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or the first responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0203] In addition, before transmitting I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet, the initiator may transmit a second Poll frame in the third sub-round.
[0204] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted non-interleaved, which may have advantages of simplified implementation, low latency, reduced resource consumption, and ease of debugging and maintenance.
[0205] In some embodiments, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) , and the communication method 700 further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; receiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round; and transmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round.
[0206] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13, one ranging round may include three sub-rounds, i.e. the first to third sub-rounds, and two responders, i.e. the first responder and the second responder, are presented. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round to schedule two responders for DS-TWR, scheduling a first responder to the first sub-round and a second responder to the second sub-round. The first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round. After fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round and the first responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the first sub-round. In the first sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF- X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are interleaved. The initiator may transmit a second Poll frame (POLL) in the second sub-round, and the second responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round. After fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the second sub-round and the second responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the second sub-round. In the second sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are also interleaved. The initiator may transmit a second Poll frame (POLL) in the third sub-round, and a fixed slots after transmitting the second Poll frame in the third sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet in the third sub-round. Thus, the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or each of the first responder and the second responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0207] If there is one responder, one ranging round may include two sub-rounds, i.e. the first to second sub-rounds. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round, and the first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round. After fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round and the first responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the first sub-round. In the first sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are interleaved. The initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet in the second sub-round. It is noted that the second sub-round may refer to the third sub-round in FIG. 13. Thus, the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or each of the first responder and the second responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0208] In the above examples and the following examples, the fixed slots or interval may be or include two slots or three slots or the like, which is not limited.
[0209] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted interleaved, which may have advantages of improved error resilience, enhanced performance in noisy channels, efficient use of error correction codes, flexibility in design, and enhanced security.
[0210] In addition, before transmitting I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the third MMS packet, the initiator may transmit a second Poll frame in the second sub-round.
[0211] In some embodiments, before the transmitting the third MMS packet, the communication method 700 further includes step 703, where the initiator transmits a second Poll frame.
[0212] When the initiator and the first responder exchange the first Poll frame and first Response frame, the first MMS packet from the initiator and the second MMS packet from the first responder may be exchanged. After the first MMS packet from the initiator and the second MMS packet from the first responder are exchanged, and if there is no other responder to exchange the frames and packets, the initiator may initiate the third MMS packet. For example, the second Poll frame is transmitted, and after a fixed interval following transmitting the second Poll frame, the initiator may transmit the third MMS packet. The second Poll frame may be simpler than the first Poll frame or the second Poll frame may be the same as the first Poll frame.
[0213] The second Poll frame may have the same structure as illustrated in FIG. 8. The value of the Message Control field in the second Poll frame may be set differently compared to the first Poll frame. For example, for the second Poll frame, the Message Control field may be se to 0x70 or 0xF0. In a case where the first message control field is set to 0x70, it may be used to initiate to transmit the third MMS packet for O2O, and in a case where the first message control field is set to 0xF0, it may be used to initiate to transmit the third MMS packet for O2M.
[0214] If the value of the Message Control field in the second Poll frame is set differently compared to the first Poll frame, the Message Content field in the second Poll frame may also have a different value.
[0215] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 14, for the second Poll frame, the Message Content field may include a Payload Length field and a Payload field. In a case where a value of the Payload Length field is set to 0x00 to indicate that a Payload Length is 1 octet and a value of the Payload field is set to 0x00, the second Poll frame may be obtained. In a case where the Message Content field is not divided into the Payload Length field and the Payload field and a value of the entire Message Content field is set to 0x0000, the second Poll frame may be obtained. After the second Poll frame is transmitted, the third MMS packet may be initiated to be transmitted.
[0216] It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to generate the second Poll frame, so as to initiate to transmit the third MMS packet.
[0217] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the second Poll frame is transmitted to initiate to transmit the third MMS packet, which may increase the reliability.
[0218] In some other embodiments, the second Poll frame is omitted.
[0219] In some embodiments, the second Poll frame indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0220] If the second Poll frame indicate whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, the Message Content field of the second Poll frame may further include a Round Control field and the Round Control field may include a Requires Response field. The Requires Response field may be valid for the DS-TWR using three MMS packets and indicate if the responder is required to transmit a second Response frame prior to the initiator transmitting the third MMS packet. In a case where a value of the Requires Response field is set to 1, it indicates that the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required; and in a case where the value of the Requires Response field is set to 0, it indicates that the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is not required.
[0221] It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to indicate whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0222] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the second Poll frame indicates whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, which may be time-sensitive.
[0223] In some embodiments, the first Poll frame further indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0224] If the first Poll frame indicates whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, as illustrated in FIG. 9 or 10, the Round Control field may further include a Requires Response field. The Requires Response field may be valid for the DS-TWR using three MMS packets and indicate if the responder is required to transmit a second Response frame prior to the initiator transmitting the third MMS packet. In a case where a value of the Requires Response field is set to 1, it indicates that the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required; and in a case where a value of the Requires Response field is set to 0, it indicates that the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is not required.
[0225] It is noted that the above value is illustrative rather than restrictive, and a person skilled in the art may set other values to indicate whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0226] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first Poll frame indicates whether the second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required, which may save resources.
[0227] Responder (s) that receive the first / second Poll frame with the Requires Response field set to 0 may not transmit any second Response frame in the control phase of the last sub-round.
[0228] If the Requires Response field in the first / second Poll frame is set to 1, the control phase in the last sub-round is two slots longer and the responder may transmit a second Response frame after receiving the first / second Poll frame in the last sub-round. The initiator will transmit the third MMS packet only if the second Response frame is received. If the second Response frame is not received, the DS-TWR is aborted and the following REPORT frame (which will be described below) is also not transmitted.
[0229] In some embodiments, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N, and the communication method 700 further includes: transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; and receiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round.
[0230] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 15, one ranging round may include two sub-rounds, i.e., the first to second sub-rounds, and two responders, i.e., the first responder and the second responder, are presented. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round to schedule two responders for DS-TWR, scheduling a first responder to the first sub-round and a second responder to the second sub-round. The first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round. After the fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round, and the first responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the first sub-round. In the first sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are interleaved. The initiator may transmit a second Poll frame (POLL) in the second sub-round, and the second responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round. After the fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the second sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the second sub-round, and the second responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the second sub-round. In the second sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are also interleaved. Thus, the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or each of the first responder and the second responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0231] If there is one responder, one ranging round may be sufficient, which may refer to the first sub-round for ease of description. The initiator may transmit a first Poll frame (POLL) in the first sub-round, and the first responder may transmit a first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round. After the fixed slots following receiving and / or transmitting the first Response frame (RESP) in the first sub-round, the initiator may transmit I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet in the first sub-round and the first responder may transmit R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet in the first sub-round. In the first sub-round, the I-RSF-1 to I-RSF-X of the first MMS packet and the R-RSF-1 to R-RSF-X of the second MMS packet are interleaved. Thus, the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet may be used for the initiator and / or the first responder to complete the DS-TWR.
[0232] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the MMS packets may be transmitted interleaved, which may have advantages of improved error resilience, enhanced performance in noisy channels, efficient use of error correction codes, flexibility in design, and enhanced security; and furthermore, two MMS packets may be used to realize the DS-TWR, which may save the resources.
[0233] It is noted that although FIGS. 12, 13, and 15 illustrate that the DS-TWR may be controlled by the NB channel, it may also be controlled by the UWB channel, and the reference may be made to FIG. 3. A person skilled in the art may obtain the signaling interaction by reference to corresponding elements in FIGS. 12, 13, or 15, which differ only in that the NB channel is replaced with the UWB channel, which is not repeated herein.
[0234] It is further noted that in FIGS. 12, 13, and 15, one ADV-RESP frame is illustrated for concision. In fact, the first responder may transmit the ADV-RESP frame and the second responder may transmit another ADV-RESP frame.
[0235] In addition, it is noted that in FIGS. 12, 13, and 15, two REPORT frames (corresponding to the first responder and the second responder) are illustrative for concision. In fact, the first responder may transmit the REPORT frame and / or the second responder may transmit another REPORT frame. The REPORT frame will be described below.
[0236] In some embodiments, the method further includes step 704, where the responder transmits an ADV-RESP frame, and accordingly, the initiator, such as the first responder, receives the ADV-RESP frame; and step 705, where the initiator transmits an SOR frame, and accordingly, the responder, such as the first responder, receives the SOR frame.
[0237] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, through the ADV-RESP frame and / or the SOR frame, the initiator and the responder may exchange configurations about the DS-TWR.
[0238] In some embodiments, any one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame includes a first field indicating a TWR mode of DS-TWR, and the TWR mode includes DS-TWR with three MMS packets or DS-TWR with two packets.
[0239] That is, the initiator may indicate the TWR mode of DS-TWR directly by transmitting the SOR frame or the first Poll frame. Alternatively, the initiator may receive the ADV-RESP frame from the responder and the ADV-RESP frame may also indicate the TWR mode of DS-TWR; and if the initiator agrees with the TWR mode of DS-TWR indicated by the ADV-RESP frame, the initiator may transmit the SOR frame or the first Poll frame to confirm; and if the initiator does not agree with the TWR mode of DS-TWR indicated by the ADV-RESP frame, the initiator may transmit the SOR frame or the first Poll frame to indicate the TWR mode of DS-TWR. How to indicate a TWR mode of DS-TWR may depend on the actual application.
[0240] In addition, the first field may be a subfield in the Management MAC Configuration field in the Message Content field. It is noted that the any one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame may include the Message Content field, where the ADV-RESP frame and the SOR frame may have the same or similar structure with the first Poll frame. Alternatively, the first field may be a subfield in the Management PHY Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, or the Ranging MAC Configuration field in the Message Content field. Reference may be made to the Management MAC Configuration field to describe the first field, and the Management PHY Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, or the Ranging MAC Configuration field may refer to the description of the Management MAC Configuration field.
[0241] The Management MAC Configuration field may be illustrated in FIG. 16.
[0242] As illustrated in FIG. 16, the Management MAC Configuration field may include a Ranging Slot Duration field. The Ranging Slot Duration field encodes the ranging slot duration. The ranging slot duration in ranging scheduling time units (RSTUs) is given by: (Ranging Slot Duration field value + 1) × 300.
[0243] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a Ranging Round Duration field. The Ranging Round Duration field encodes the ranging round duration in units of ranging slots in the range of 1 to 255. The value of zero is reserved.
[0244] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a Ranging Block Duration field. The Ranging Block Duration field encodes the ranging block duration in units of ranging rounds in the range of 1 to 255. The value of zero is reserved.
[0245] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a Channel Switching field. The Channel Switching field encodes the state of the channel switching mechanism where a value of zero encodes the disabled state and a value of one encodes the enabled state.
[0246] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a Measurement Report Request field. The Measurement Report Request field is independently set by the responder and the initiator in the ADV-RESP frame and the SOR frame respectively and indicates if the peer device is requested to transmit a Report (REPORT) frame, and the REPORT frame may be described as follows.
[0247] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a TWR Mode field. The first field may be the TWR Mode field. The TWR Mode field indicates the TWR mode to be performed and is described in Table 1.
[0248] Table 1 TWR Mode
[0249] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a Non-Interleaved field. The Non-Interleaved field indicates whether the UWB MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved. The Non-Interleaved field here may refer to the Non-Interleaved field described in the Poll Compact frame, which is not repeated herein.
[0250] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include an RcpPollSlots field. The RcpPollSlots field encodes the duration of slots in the control phase used by the initiator for transmission of the Poll Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0251] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include an RcpResponseSlots. The RcpResponseSlots field encodes the duration of slots in the control phase used by the responder for transmission of the Response Compact frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0252] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include an RpDuration field. The RpDuration field encodes the duration of the MMS ranging phase used by the initiator and responders for transmission of RSFs and RIFs in units of ranging slots in the range of 1 to 4095.
[0253] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the TWR mode of DS-TWR may be configured during the initialization and setup phase, or the TWR mode of DS-TWR may be indicated during the control phase, to facilitate to perform the DS-TWR subsequently.
[0254] In some embodiments, the SOR frame or the first Poll frame includes a second field indicating whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame.
[0255] The second field may also be another subfield in the Management MAC Configuration field. Similar to the first field, the second field may also be another subfield in the Management PHY Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, or the Ranging MAC Configuration field.
[0256] As illustrated in FIG. 16 continually, the Management MAC Configuration field may further include a DS-TWR Report Bitmap field. The second field may be the DS-TWR Report Bitmap field. The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field indicates the desired timings (or the timing measurement results) to be included in the REPORT frames. This field is only valid in the frames transmitted by the initiator, such as the SOR frame or the first Poll frame. The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field may be illustrated in Table 2.
[0257] Table 2 DS-TWR Report Bitmap field
[0258] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in the REPORT frame may be configured during the initialization and setup phase, or may be indicated during the control phase, to facilitate to report the timing measurement results subsequently.
[0259] As illustrated in FIG. 16, the Management MAC Configuration field may further include a MrpFirstSlots field. The MrpFirstSlots field encodes the duration of first group of slots that may be used by either the initiator or the responder for transmission of the REPORT frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0260] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a MrpSecondSlots field. The MrpSecondSlots field encodes the duration of the second group of slots that may be used by the responder for transmission of the REPORT frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15.
[0261] The Management MAC Configuration field may further include a The MrpThirdSlots field. The MrpThirdSlots field encodes the duration of the third group of slots that may be used by either the initiator or the responder for transmission of the REPORT frame in units of ranging slots in the range of 0 to 15. The MrpThirdSlots field is valid only in the time efficient O2M.
[0262] In some embodiments, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with three MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of:
[0263] a third subfield (bit 1 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result (type-1 in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) of a first MMS packet, a second MMS packet, and a third MMS packet;
[0264] a fourth subfield (bit 2 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result (type-2 in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last RIFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet;
[0265] a fifth subfield (bit 3 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result (type-3 in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet, and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or
[0266] a sixth subfield (bit 0 in Table 2) indicating whether an RSF timing measurement result (RSF time in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet.
[0267] The timing measurements for the report using three MMS packets is illustrated in FIG. 17.
[0268] With reference to FIG. 17, the type-1 timing measurement result may refer to the Reply time 1 and the Round-trip time 1 measured between the first RIFs of the first two MMS packets and the first RIF of the third MMS packet. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the first RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 between the reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0269] The type-2 timing measurement result may refer to the Reply time 2 and the Round-trip time 2 measured between the last RIFs of the first two MMS packets and the last RIF of the third MMS packet. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 between the transmission time of the last RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 between the reception time of the last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the last RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 between the reception time of the last RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 between the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0270] The type-3 timing measurement result may refer to the Reply time 3 and the Round-trip time 3 measured between the first RIFs of the first two MMS packets and the last RIF of the third MMS packet. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder, which may be the same as the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the last RIF of its third MMS packet. The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 between the reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the third MMS packet from the initiator.
[0271] As explained earlier, each RIF includes two RMAKERs, one at the start and one at the end. For the timing measurements with the first RIF, the starting RMARKER is used. For the timing measurements with the last RIF, the ending RMARKER is used.
[0272] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the third to sixth subfields may indicate the specific measurement results, which may be convenient and flexible.
[0273] In some embodiments, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with two MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of:
[0274] a third subfield (bit 1 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result (type-1 Tn table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of a first MMS packet, and a first RIF of a second MMS packet;
[0275] a fourth subfield (bit 2 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result (type-2 in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last two RIFs of the first MMS packet, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet;
[0276] a fifth subfield (bit 3 in Table 2) indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result (type-3 in Table 2) is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first and second MMS packets, and a last RIF of the first MMS packet; and
[0277] a sixth subfield (bit 0 in Table 2) indicating whether an RSF timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet.
[0278] The timing measurements for the report using two MMS packets is illustrated in FIG. 18.
[0279] With reference to FIG. 18, the type-1 timing measurement may refer to the Reply time 1 and the Round-trip time 1 measured using the first two RIFs of the first MMS packet and the first RIF of the second MMS packets. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the second RIF of its first MMS packet. The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 between the reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the second RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator.
[0280] The type-2 timing measurement may refer to the Reply time 2 and the Round-trip time 2 measured using the last two RIFs of the first MMS packets and the last RIF of the second MMS packet. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 between the transmission time of the penultimate RIF (RIF-Y-1) of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 between the reception time of the last RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the last RIF (RIF-Y) of its first MMS packet (anegative value) . The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 between the reception time of the penultimate RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 between the transmission time of the last RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator (anegative value) .
[0281] The type-3 timing measurement may refer to the Reply time 3 and the Round-trip time 3 measured using the first RIFs of the two MMS packets and the last RIF of the first MMS packet. The initiator records the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its first MMS packet and the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder, which may be the same as the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1. The initiator also records the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 between the reception time of the first RIF of the second MMS packet from the responder and the transmission time of the last RIF of its first MMS packet. The responder records the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 between the reception time of the first RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator and the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet. The responder also records the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 between the transmission time of the first RIF of its second MMS packet and the reception time of the last RIF of the first MMS packet from the initiator.
[0282] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the third to sixth subfields may indicate the specific measurement results, which may be convenient and flexible.
[0283] When the above settings about the TWR mode and about whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame, the transmission / reception of all UWB MMS packets is completed. The device such as the initiator and / or the responder is requested to transmit a REPORT frame for the DS-TWR, and it proceeds to prepare the report.
[0284] In some embodiments, the communication method 700 further includes at least one of: the initiator transmitting a first REPORT frame, and accordingly, the responder receiving the first REPORT frame; or the responder transmitting a second REPORT frame, and accordingly, the initiator receiving the second REPORT frame, in which content of the first REPORT frame or the second REPORT frame is determined based on the second field.
[0285] When the initiator receives the second REPORT frame, the initiator may obtain the timing measurement results from the second REPORT frame, and uses the timing measurement results from the second REPORT frame and the timing measurement results obtained by itself to compute the up to four sets of TOF according to FIG. 5. For example, for the type-1 timing measurement, the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 and the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 may be obtained by the initiator; and the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 and the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 may be obtained from the second REPORT frame, according to FIG. 5, the initiator’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 may be defined as Tround1, the responder’s TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 may be defined as Tround2, the initiator’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 may be defined as Treply1, and the responder’s RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 may be defined as Treply2 to compute the by the above Equation 2. Other timing measurement results may refer to the type-1 timing measurement result, which is not repeated herein.
[0286] When the responder receives the first REPORT frame, the responder may obtain the timing measurement results from the first REPORT frame, and uses the timing measurement results from the first REPORT frame and the timing measurement results obtained by itself to compute the TOF according to FIG. 5, which may refer to the above description about the initiator.
[0287] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, by exchanging at least one of the first or second REPORT frames, the final TOF may be obtained.
[0288] In some embodiments, a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the first REPORT frame, or an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the second REPORT frame.
[0289] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, since the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result have the same value, the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in the same field in the first REPORT frame to save the resources; or since the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result have the same value, the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and the RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in the same field in the second REPORT frame to save the resources.
[0290] The first REPORT frame may also be called an initiator REPORT frame. The initiator REPORT frame may be an Initiator Report Compact frame that is used to report the DS-TWR timings. The Initiator Report Compact frame may be illustrated in FIG. 19. The Initiator Report Compact frame is similar to the Poll Compact frame illustrated above except that the Compact Frame ID filed is set to a different value, (e.g. 5 for O2O Initiator Report, or 11 for O2M Initiator Report, or 17 for O2O Initiator Secure Report, or 19 for O2M Initiator Secure Report) and the RPA Prand field is not present. When this frame is a secure report, the FCS field is replaced with a message integrity code (MIC) field and the Passthrough field is encrypted or authenticated.
[0291] A different value in the Message Control field (e.g. 0xAB for O2O or 0xEF for O2M) indicates that the REPORT frame is for the DS-TWR.
[0292] It is noted the above values about the Compact Frame ID field and the Message Control field may be illustrative rather than restrictive, which may be other values.
[0293] The Message Control field in this frame may include the Report Control field, the Report List field, and the Passthrough field.
[0294] The Report Control field may include the DS-TWR Report Bitmap field and the Number of Reports field. The DS-TWR Report Bitmap field is illustrated in Table 2 and indicates the timings included in each of the reports in the Report List field. The Number of Reports field indicates the number of reports carried in the Report List field, one report per responder. For the O2O, it indicates one report while for the O2M, it indicates two or more reports.
[0295] The Report List field may carry one or more reports, where the number is indicated by the Number of Reports field. For the O2M, each report in the Report List corresponds to one responder and is ordered in the same order in which the ranging was performed with the responder in the ranging phase.
[0296] The content of each report may be as follows.
[0297] The RSF Round-trip Time field may be used to, when present, report the Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RSF and the responder’s RSF.
[0298] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-1 Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0299] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 / 3 field may be present when either the Type-1 Time field or the Type-3 Time field is set as 1 in the DS-TWR Report Bitmap, and may be used to, when present, report either the Type-1 or Type-3 Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0300] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-2 Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0301] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-2 Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0302] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 3 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-3 Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0303] The Passthrough field may carry data from the next higher layers.
[0304] The second REPORT frame may also be called a responder REPORT frame. The responder REPORT frame may be a Responder Report Compact frame that is used to report the DS-TWR timings. The Responder Report Compact frame may be illustrated in FIG. 20.
[0305] The general format of the Responder Report Compact frame is similar to that of the Response Compact frame illustrated above except that the Compact Frame ID filed is set to a different value (e.g. 6 for O2O Responder Report, or 10 for O2M Responder Report, or 18 for O2O Responder Secure Report, or 20 for O2M Responder Secure Report) and the RPA Prand field is not present. When the frame is a secure report, the FCS field is replaced with a MIC field and the Passthrough field is encrypted or authenticated.
[0306] A different value in the Message Control field (e.g. 0xAB for O2O or 0xEF for O2M) indicates that the frame is for the DS-TWR.
[0307] It is noted that the above values about the Compact Frame ID field and the Message Control field may be illustrative rather than restrictive, which may be other values.
[0308] The Message Control field in this frame may include the Report Control field, the Passthrough field, the configuration fields, and the timing measurement fields. The configuration fields may include the Management MAC Configuration field, the Management PHY Configuration field, the Ranging PHY Configuration field, or the Ranging MAC Configuration field, which may be the same as those explained above.
[0309] The timing measurement fields may be as follows.
[0310] The Report Control field may include the DS-TWR Report Bitmap field as illustrated in Table 2 and indicate the timing fields included in the frame.
[0311] The RSF Reply time field may be used to, when present, report the Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RSF and the responder’s RSF.
[0312] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 1 / 3 field may be present when either the Type-1 Time field or the Type-3 Time field is set as 1 in the DS-TWR Report Bitmap, and may be used to, when present, report the Type-1 or Type-3 Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0313] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 1 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-1 Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0314] The RX-to-TX Reply Time 2 field may be used to, when present, report the Type-2 Reply Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0315] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 2 may be used to, when present, report the Type-2 Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0316] The TX-to-RX Round-trip Time 3 may be used to, when present, report the Type-3 Round-trip Time, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s RIF and the responder’s RIF.
[0317] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides another communication method involving the signaling interaction to enable the OWR using the MMS packets. Reference may be made to FIG. 21, the interaction devices involves an initiator (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the initiator) and a responder (or a chip, module, or circuitry of the responder) . The communication method 2100 may include the following steps.
[0318] In step 2101, the initiator determines a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate OWR, and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0319] In step 2102, the initiator transmits the third Poll frame; and accordingly, the responder may receive the third Poll frame and determine to perform the OWR based on the third Poll frame.
[0320] For example, the initiator may initiate the OWR by transmitting the third Poll frame. The third Poll frame may carry information related to the OWR which may include information related to the OWR. The responder that receives the third Poll frame may start the OWR by receiving the MMS packet (s) from the initiator to perform the OWR.
[0321] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the initiator determines the third Poll frame that indicates to initiate the OWR and indicates the type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR, and transmits the third Poll frame. Thus, the OWR with the MMS packet (s) may be initiated and start simply, which may be high-efficiency. Therefore, the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) .
[0322] To improve the signaling interaction between the initiator and the responder to enable the OWR using the MMS packet (s) , there are some settings in the third Poll frame. It is noted that the third Poll frame may refer to the first Poll frame.
[0323] In some embodiments, the third Poll frame includes a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR.
[0324] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR, which may be implemented easily.
[0325] In some embodiments, the third Poll frame further includes a second message content field, the second message content field includes a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and a value of the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0326] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, when the value of the second message control field indicates to initiate the OWR, the second message content field may be adjusted to conform to the OWR accordingly, which may also be implemented easily.
[0327] In some embodiments, the type of OWR includes a first type of OWR based on a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , a second type of OWR based on an angle of arrival (AoA) , or a third type of OWR based on an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) .
[0328] In the communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure, different types of OWR may be initiated and the OWR applications may be extended.
[0329] For example, the third Poll frame may be the Poll Compact frame as described above. The Message Control field in the Poll Compact frame may be set to a certain value to initiate the OWR. When the Message Control field in the Poll Compact frame is set to the certain value to initiate the OWR, the Message Content field is set to conform to the OWR accordingly.
[0330] For example, the Poll Compact frame with the Message Control field set as the certain value such as 0x70 may also be used to initiate the OWR. It is noted that the certain value such as 0x70 is illustrative rather than restrictive, and there may be other values.
[0331] The Message Content field of the Poll compact frame with the Message Control field set as the certain value such as 0x70 when used for OWR is illustrated in FIG. 22.
[0332] The Message Content field may include a Payload Length field and a Payload field.
[0333] The Payload Length field is set to a value representing a length of the Payload field of two or more octets. The first octet of the Payload field may carry the Message Type field that indicates different subtypes of OWR messages. For example:
[0334] 0x00: Tag’s OWR for UL-TDOA
[0335] 0x01: Anchor’s OWR for UL-TDOA
[0336] 0x02: Initiator OWR for DL-TDOA, where an initial signal for the OWR is from the initiator;
[0337] 0x03: Responder OWR for DL-TDOA, where an initial signal for the OWR is from the responder;
[0338] 0x04: Initiator final OWR for DL-TDOA, which is a combination of the initiator OWR for DL-TDOA and the responder OWR for DL-TDOA, and an initial signal for the OWR is from the initiator;
[0339] 0x05: OWR for AoA.
[0340] The remaining octets of the Payload field carry the Type dependent Payload field that carries the information that is relevant to the OWR application specified by the Message Type field.
[0341] In some embodiments, the communication method 2100 includes step 2103, where the initiator transmits an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment. Thus, the OWR may be performed according to the MMS packet transmitted.
[0342] As illustrated in FIG. 23, the initiator may transmit the Poll frame and then transmit I-1 and I-2, which are the two fragments of one MMS packet. The one Poll frame and one MMS packet may refer to one OWR MMS Message. In FIG. 23, four OWR MMS Messages are transmitted. In fact, the number of OWR MMS Messages depends on the applications.
[0343] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0344] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the initiator and the responder each include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions. A person skilled in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution.
[0345] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0346] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the initiator and the responder each include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions. A person skilled in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution.
[0347] FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 24, a communication apparatus 2400 may include: a transmitting module 2401, a receiving module 2402, and a processing module 2403.
[0348] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 2400 may be applied to an initiator and realize any of the above communication method embodiments that involve the signaling interaction between the initiator and responder (s) to realize the DS-TWR and are performed by the initiator and.
[0349] The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first Poll frame that indicates to DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of MMS packets.
[0350] The receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from a first responder, a first Response frame that is transmitted based on the first Poll frame.
[0351] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates to initiate the DS-TWR with N responders, and the first responder is a first-ranked one in the N responders.
[0352] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame includes a first message content field, and the first message content field includes a first subfield indicating the number of the MMS packets.
[0353] In a possible implementation, a number of sub-rounds in a ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of:the number of the MMS packets, or a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame.
[0354] In a possible implementation, the first message content field further includes a second subfield indicating a number of sub-rounds included in a ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0355] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR.
[0356] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates that the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved.
[0357] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, and a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) . The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first MMS packet in a first sub-round; the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive a second MMS packet from a Nth responder in a (N+1) th sub-round; and the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round.
[0358] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, and a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) . The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round; and the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round.
[0359] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a second Poll frame before the transmitting the third MMS packet.
[0360] In a possible implementation, the second Poll frame indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0361] In a possible implementation, the first Poll frame further indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.
[0362] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, and a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N. The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; and the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round.
[0363] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive an ADV-RESP frame; and the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit an SOR frame.
[0364] In a possible implementation, any one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame includes a first field indicating a TWR mode of DS-TWR, and the TWR mode includes DS-TWR with three MMS packets or DS-TWR with two packets.
[0365] In a possible implementation, the SOR frame or the first Poll frame includes a second field indicating whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame.
[0366] In a possible implementation, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with three MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of: a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) of a first MMS packet, a second MMS packet, and a third MMS packet; a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last RIFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet; a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet, and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; or a sixth subfield indicating whether an RSF timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet.
[0367] In a possible implementation, the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with two MMS packets, and the second field includes at least one of: a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of a first MMS packet, and a first RIF of a second MMS packet; a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last two RIFs of the first MMS packet, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of the first MMS packets, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; and a sixth subfield indicating whether an RSF timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, in which the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet.
[0368] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first REPORT frame, or the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive a second REPORT frame, in which content of the first REPORT frame or the second REPORT frame is determined based on the second field.
[0369] In a possible implementation, a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the first REPORT frame, or an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the second REPORT frame.
[0370] In other embodiments, the communication apparatus 2400 may be applied to a responder and realize any of the above communication method embodiments that involve the signaling interaction between the initiator and responder (s) to realize the DS-TWR and are performed by the responder.
[0371] The receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from an initiator, a first Poll frame that indicates to initiate DS-TWR, and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of MMS packets.
[0372] The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator.
[0373] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, and a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) . If the responder is the Nth responder, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a first sub-round; the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a second MMS packet to the initiator in a (N+1) th sub-round; and the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round.
[0374] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, and a number of sub-rounds a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) . If the responder is the Nth responder, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a Nth sub-round; the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round; and the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round.
[0375] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a second Poll frame before the receiving the third MMS packet.
[0376] In a possible implementation, the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, and a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N. If the responder is the Nth responder, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, in a Nth sub-round; and the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round.
[0377] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit an ADV-RESP frame to the initiator; and the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, an SOR frame.
[0378] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive, from the initiator, a first REPORT frame; or the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit a second REPORT frame to the initiator.
[0379] In other embodiments, the communication apparatus 2400 may be applied to an initiator and realize any of the above communication method embodiments that involve the signaling interaction to enable the OWR using the MMS packets and are performed by the initiator.
[0380] The processing module 2403 is configured to determine a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate OWR, and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0381] The transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit the third Poll frame.
[0382] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 2401 is configured to transmit an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment.
[0383] In a possible implementation, the third Poll frame includes a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate OWR.
[0384] In a possible implementation, the third Poll frame further includes a second message content field, the second message content field includes a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.
[0385] In a possible implementation, the type of OWR includes a first type of OWR based on DL-TDoA, a second type of OWR based on AoA, or a third type of OWR based on UL-TDoA.
[0386] In still other embodiments, the communication apparatus 2400 may be applied to a responder and realize any of the above communication method embodiments that involve the signaling interaction to enable the OWR using the MMS packets and are performed by the responder.
[0387] The receiving module 2402 is configured to receive a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate OWR, and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to a type of OWR.
[0388] The processing module 2403 is configured to determine to perform the OWR based on the third Poll frame.
[0389] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 2402 is configured to receive an MMS packet including more than one MMS fragment.
[0390] It is noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the initiator or responder in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0391] FIG. 25 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 25, the electronic device 2500 may include: a processor 2501 coupled with a memory 2502 in a communicative way via an interface 2503; where the memory 2502 stores computer executable instructions; the processor 2501 executes the computer executable instructions stored in the memory 2502 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the initiator or the responder. It is noted that, the memory 2502 may be included or excluded from the electronic device, depending on actual needs.
[0392] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0393] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0394] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0395] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0396] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0397] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0398] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0399] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0400] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program including instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0401] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0402] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0403] The apparatus may be a device or an apparatus implemented in a device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0404] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0405] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0406] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0407] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0408] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0409] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0410] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0411] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0412] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of the present disclosure. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of the present disclosure are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0413] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the present disclosure may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0414] The present disclosure is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to the present disclosure. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0415] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0416] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of the present disclosure provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:transmitting a first Poll frame that indicates to initiate double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) , and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of multi-millisecond (MMS) packets; andreceiving, from a first responder, a first Response frame that is transmitted based on the first Poll frame.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates to initiate the DS-TWR with N responders, and the first responder is a first-ranked one in the N responders, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first Poll frame comprises a first message content field, and the first message content field comprises a first subfield indicating the number of the MMS packets.4.The method of claim 3, wherein a number of sub-rounds in a ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of:the number of the MMS packets, or a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the first message content field further comprises a second subfield indicating a number of sub-rounds comprised in a ranging round for the DS-TWR.6.The method of clam 4 or 5, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots per sub-round of the ranging round for the DS-TWR.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) , and the method further comprises:transmitting a first MMS packet in a first sub-round;receiving a second MMS packet from a Nth responder in a (N+1) th sub-round; andtransmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) , and the method further comprises:transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round;receiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round; andtransmitting a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.10.The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein before the transmitting the third MMS packet, the method further comprises:transmitting a second Poll frame.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the second Poll frame indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.12.The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.13.The method of claim 7, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N, and the method further comprises:transmitting a first MMS packet to a Nth responder in a Nth sub-round; andreceiving a second MMS packet from the Nth responder in the Nth sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising:receiving an advertising-response (ADV-RESP) frame; andtransmitting a start of ranging (SOR) frame.15.The method of claim 14, wherein any one of the ADV-RESP frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame comprises a first field indicating a TWR mode of DS-TWR, and the TWR mode comprises DS-TWR with three MMS packets or DS-TWR with two packets.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the SOR frame or the first Poll frame comprises a second field indicating whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with three MMS packets, and the second field comprises at least one of:a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) of a first MMS packet, a second MMS packet, and a third MMS packet;a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last RIFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet;a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet, and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; ora sixth subfield indicating whether a ranging sequence fragment (RSF) timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with two MMS packets, and the second field comprises at least one of:a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of a first MMS packet, and a first RIF of a second MMS packet;a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last two RIFs of the first MMS packet, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet;a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of the first MMS packets, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; ora sixth subfield indicating whether a ranging sequence fragment (RSF) timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet.19.The method of claim 17 or 18, further comprising at least one of:transmitting a first REPORT frame; orreceiving a second REPORT frame,wherein content of the first REPORT frame or the second REPORT frame is determined based on the second field.20.The method of claim 19, wherein a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the first REPORT frame, oran RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the second REPORT frame.21.A communication method, comprising:receiving, from an initiator, a first Poll frame that indicates to initiate double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) , and indicates, for the DS-TWR, a number of multi-millisecond (MMS) packets; andtransmitting a first Response frame based on the first Poll frame to the initiator.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates to initiate the DS-TWR with N responders, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.23.The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the first Poll frame comprises a first message content field, and the first message content field comprises a first subfield indicating the number of MMS packets.24.The method of claim 23, wherein a number of sub-rounds comprised in a ranging round for the DS-TWR changes with at least one of: the number of the MMS packets, or a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame.25.The method of claim 23, wherein the first message content field further comprises a second subfield indicating a number of sub-rounds comprised in a ranging round for the DS-TWR.26.The method of clam 24 or 25, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates a number of slots per sub-round of a ranging round for the DS-TWR.27.The method of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates that the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved or non-interleaved.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted non-interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+2) , and the method further comprises:receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a first sub-round;transmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in a (N+1) th sub-round; andreceiving, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+2) th sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.29.The method of claim 27, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is three, a number of sub-rounds a ranging round for the DS-TWR is (N+1) , and the method further comprises:receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a Nth sub-round;transmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round; andreceiving, from the initiator, a third MMS packet in a (N+1) th sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.30.The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein before the receiving the third MMS packet, the method further comprises:receiving, from the initiator, a second Poll frame.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the second Poll frame indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.32.The method of claim 30 or 31, wherein the first Poll frame further indicates whether a second Response frame that is based on the second Poll frame is required.33.The method of claim 27, wherein the MMS packets are transmitted interleaved, the number of the MMS packets is two, a number of sub-rounds of a ranging round for the DS-TWR is N, and the method further comprises:receiving, from the initiator, a first MMS packet in a Nth sub-round; andtransmitting a second MMS packet to the initiator in the Nth sub-round, wherein N is a number of responders initiated by the first Poll frame and is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.34.The method of any one of claims 21 to 33, further comprising:transmitting an advertising-response (ADV-RESP) frame to the initiator; andreceiving, from the initiator, a start of ranging (SOR) frame.35.The method of claim 34, wherein any one of the ADV-Response frame, the SOR frame, or the first Poll frame comprises a first field indicating a TWR mode of DS-TWR, and the TWR mode comprises DS-TWR with three MMS packets or DS-TWR with two packets.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the SOR frame or the first Poll frame comprises a second field indicating whether timing measurement results of the DS-TWR are required in a REPORT frame.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with three MMS packets, and the second field comprises at least one of:a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) of a first MMS packet, a second MMS packet, and a third MMS packet;a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last RIFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet;a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first RIFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet, and a last RIF of the third MMS packet; ora sixth subfield indicating whether a ranging sequence fragment (RSF) timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet, the second MMS packet, and the third MMS packet.38.The method of claim 36, wherein the TWR mode is the DS-TWR with two MMS packets, and the second field comprises at least one of:a third subfield indicating whether a type-1 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-1 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of a first MMS packet, and a first RIF of a second MMS packet;a fourth subfield indicating whether a type-2 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-2 timing measurement result is obtained using last two RIFs of the first MMS packet, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet;a fifth subfield indicating whether a type-3 timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the type-3 timing measurement result is obtained using first two RIFs of the first MMS packets, and a last RIF of the second MMS packet; ora sixth subfield indicating whether a ranging sequence fragment (RSF) timing measurement result is required in the REPORT frame, wherein the RSF timing measurement result is obtained using RSFs of the first MMS packet and the second MMS packet.39.The method of claim 37 or 38, further comprising at least one of:receiving, from the initiator, a first REPORT frame; ortransmitting a second REPORT frame to the initiator,wherein content of the first REPORT frame or the second REPORT frame is determined based on the second field.40.The method of claim 39, wherein a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-1 timing measurement result and a TX-to-RX round trip time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the first REPORT frame, oran RX-to-TX reply time in the type-1 timing measurement result and an RX-to-TX reply time in the type-3 timing measurement result are in a same field in the second REPORT frame.41.A communication method, comprising:determining a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate one-way ranging (OWR) , and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to the type of OWR; andtransmitting the third Poll frame.42.The method of claim 41, further comprising:transmitting an MMS packet comprising more than one MMS fragment.43.The method of claim 41 or 42, wherein the third Poll frame comprises a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate OWR.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the third Poll frame further comprises a second message content field, the second message content field comprises a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.45.The method of any one of claims 41 to 44, wherein the type of OWR comprises a first type of OWR based on a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , a second type of OWR based on an angle of arrival (AoA) , or a third type of OWR based on an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) .46.A communication method, comprising:receiving a third Poll frame that indicates to initiate one-way ranging (OWR) , and indicates a type of OWR and information relevant to a type of OWR; anddetermining to perform the OWR based on the third Poll frame.47.The method of claim 46, further comprising:receiving an MMS packet comprising more than one MMS fragment.48.The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein the third Poll frame comprises a second message control field, and a value of the second message control field indicates to initiate OWR.49.The method of claim 48, wherein the third Poll frame further comprises a second message content field, the second message content field comprises a seventh subfield and an eight subfield, a value of the seventh subfield indicates the type of OWR, and the eight subfield indicates the information relevant to the type of OWR.50.The method of any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the type of OWR comprises a first type of OWR based on a downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , a second type of OWR based on an angle of arrival (AoA) , or a third type of OWR based on an uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) .51.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-20, or units for performing the method according to any one of claims 41 to 45.52.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40, or units for performing the method according to any one of claims 46 to 50.53.An electronic device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-20, or the method according to any one of claims 41 to 45.54.An electronic device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 21-40, or the method according to any one of claims 46 to 50.55.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-20 or claims 41 to 45.56.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40 or claims 46 to 50.57.An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processors, configure the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20 or claims 41 to 45.58.An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processors, configure the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40 or claims 46-50.59.A communication system, comprising: the communication apparatus according to claim 51 and the communication apparatus according to claim 52, or the electronic device according to claim 53 and the electronic device according to claim 54, or the electronic device according to claim 57 and the electronic device according to claim 58.60.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40, or the method according to any one of claims 41 to 45, or the method according to any one of claims 46 to 50.61.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-20, or the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40, or the method according to any one of claims 41 to 45, or the method according to any one of claims 46 to 50 when executed on a computer or a processor.
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