Roaming method, roaming system, client, access point, device, medium and product
By incorporating roaming assistance information in periodic messages, the method and system enhance Wi-Fi roaming speed and reliability, addressing latency and jitter issues in industrial applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Conventional Wi-Fi technology is not suitable for time-sensitive industrial applications due to high latency and jitter, and existing roaming mechanisms in Wi-Fi networks result in long roaming times and packet loss during handovers.
A method and system that utilize periodic messages with roaming assistance information to facilitate fast roaming by triggering a passive scanning mode, allowing Wi-Fi clients to determine and roam to a destination AP based on this information, and APs to broadcast periodic messages with roaming assistance data.
Significantly reduces roaming time and packet loss by providing timely and precise roaming assistance, ensuring deterministic communication in industrial environments.
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Figure CN2024122951_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Roaming method, roaming system, client, access point, device, medium and productFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to roaming method, roaming system, client, access point (AP) , device, medium and product.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wi-Fi is a wireless LAN communication technology based on IEEE 802.11 standard. Devices supporting IEEE 802.11 standards have been installed on many products, such as personal computers, game consoles, MP3 player, smart phones, tablets, printers, laptops and other peripheral devices that can access the Internet wirelessly.
[0003] With the improvement of wireless communication performance and mobility, wireless communication is widely used in the industry. Different from consumer products, wireless industrial devices have high requirements for low latency and low jitter to support time sensitive communication such as PROFINET protocol. However, due to many factors, conventional Wi-Fi technology is inherently not suitable for time sensitive industrial applications.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure propose roaming method, roaming system, client, AP, device, medium and product.
[0005] In a first aspect, a roaming method is provided. The method is applicable to a Wi-Fi client. The method comprising:
[0006] triggering a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP that transmits the periodic message;
[0007] determining a destination AP from the APs; and
[0008] roaming to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0009] In a second aspect, a roaming method is provided. The method is applicable to an AP. The method comprising:
[0010] broadcasting a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the AP, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam; and
[0011] receiving an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the AP is determined to be a destination AP of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the AP.
[0012] In a third aspect, a roaming system is provided. The system comprising:
[0013] a Wi-Fi client; and
[0014] a plurality of APs;
[0015] wherein the plurality of APs is configured to transmit respective periodic messages, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP of the plurality of APs that transmits the periodic message; wherein the Wi-Fi client is configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, the respective periodic messages are received from the respective plurality of APs in the passive scanning mode, determine a destination AP from the plurality of APs, and roam to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0016] In a fourth aspect, a Wi-Fi client is provided. The Wi-Fi client comprising: a triggering module, configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP that transmits the periodic message; a determining module, configured to determine a destination AP from the respective APs; and a roaming module, configured to roam to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0017] In a fifth aspect, an AP is provided. The AP comprising: a broadcast module, configured to broadcast a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the AP, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam; and a receiving module, configured to receive an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the AP is determined to be a destination AP of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the AP.
[0018] In a sixth aspect, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein an application program executable by the processor is stored in the memory for causing the processor to execute a roaming method as described in any of the above.
[0019] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions stored thereon is provided, wherein the computer-readable instructions for executing a roaming method as described in any of the above.
[0020] In an eighth aspect, a computer program product comprising a computer program is provided, upon the computer program is executed by a processor for executing a roaming method as described in any of the above.
[0021] According to the above technical solutions, triggering a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP that transmits the periodic message; determining a destination AP from the APs; and roaming to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP. Therefore, compared with beacon frame with larger time period, the time period of periodic messages is shorter, which can significantly reduce the roaming time. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure also propose a novel frame type combining the existing periodic message and roaming assistance information, which has the advantage of easy implementation. In addition, roaming can be controlled based on assistant information, which enriches roaming control methods.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] To make technical solutions of examples of the present disclosure clearer, accompanying drawings to be used in description of the examples will be simply introduced hereinafter. Obviously, the accompanying drawings to be described hereinafter are only some examples of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art may obtain other drawings according to these accompanying drawings without creative labor.
[0023] Fig. 1 is a first exemplary flowchart of a roaming method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 2 is a first exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 3 is a second exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 4 is a third exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 5 is a first schematic diagram of roaming based on periodic messages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 6 is a second schematic diagram of roaming based on periodic messages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 7 is a second exemplary flowchart of a roaming method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a roaming system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] Fig. 9 is an exemplary module diagram of a Wi-Fi client according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] Fig. 10 is an exemplary module diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] Fig. 11 is an exemplary structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] List of reference numbers: DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] To make the purpose, technical scheme, and advantages of the disclosure clearer, the following examples are given to further explain the disclosure in detail. Nouns and pronouns related to people in this patent application are not limited to specific gender.
[0036] To be concise and intuitive in description, the scheme of the disclosure is described below by describing several representative embodiments. Many details in the embodiments are only used to help understand the scheme of the disclosure. However, it is obvious that the technical scheme of the disclosure can be realized without being limited to these details. To avoid unnecessarily blurring the scheme of the disclosure, some embodiments are not described in detail, but only the framework is given. Hereinafter, "including" refers to "including but not limited to" , "according to... " refers to "at least according to..., but not limited to... " . When the number of an element is not specifically indicated below, it means that the element can be one or more, or can be understood as at least one.
[0037] A Wi-Fi network usually includes at least one wireless AP and at least one Wi-Fi client (e.g., a wireless terminal) . AP allows clients to connect to Wi-Fi network. In Wi-Fi network comprising clients and APs, there are often scenarios where clients roam between APs. Currently, APs provide roaming-related information to clients through beacon frames with a large time period (typically 100 milliseconds) , which results in long roaming times.
[0038] How to achieve fast roaming in Wi-Fi networks is one of the focuses in the field. In a Wi-Fi network, an AP often periodically broadcasts frames with specific purposes. For example, frames used to indicate respective polled clients to upload data frame are periodically broadcasted in PCF-based Wi-Fi system. Currently, function of a periodic broadcast frame is usually single and fixed. The applicant found that if roaming assistance information of AP can be further carried in these periodically broadcast frames, client can quickly obtain the roaming assistance information that is helpful for roaming to the AP without having to obtain roaming-related information based on beacon frames, thereby shortening the roaming time. In addition, content of roaming assistance information can be more abundant than the roaming-related information in the beacon frame, which helps to achieve precise control for roaming.
[0039] Therefore, compared with the existing technology that provides roaming-related information through beacon frames with large time periods, embodiments of the disclosure can significantly reduce the roaming time by extending the content of periodic messages to provide roaming assistance information. In addition, embodiments of the disclosure also propose a novel frame type combining the existing periodic message and roaming assistance information, which has the advantage of easy implementation.
[0040] The above disclosure details the technical defects in the prior art, the causes of the technical defects, and the thinking and analysis process to overcome the technical defects. In fact, the cognition of the above technical defects is not a general knowledge in the field, but a novel discovery of the applicant in the research. In addition, the cause tracing of the technical defect and the thinking and analysis process to overcome the technical defect are also the results of the applicant's gradual analysis in the actual research process, and are not universal knowledge in the field.
[0041] Fig. 1 is a first exemplary flowchart of a roaming method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applicable to a Wi-Fi client. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
[0042] Step 101: triggering a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP that transmits the periodic message.
[0043] Here, when Wi-Fi client makes an active roaming decision (that is, the Wi-Fi client actively determines that roaming needs to be performed) , or the Wi-Fi client detects that connection with current AP is lost, the roaming is determined.
[0044] When roaming is determined by Wi-Fi client, the Wi-Fi client triggers a passive scanning mode. In the passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client does not actively send detection requests, but only listens to data packets on each available wireless channel. In passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client receives multiple periodic messages from multiple APs, and each periodic message contains roaming assistance information of the AP that transmits the periodic message.
[0045] In one embodiment, the respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode comprising: determining respective available wireless channels in the passive scanning mode; receiving respective periodic messages from respective APs in the respective available wireless channels in the passive scanning mode.
[0046] For example, it is assumed that available wireless channels of a Wi-Fi client include channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3. There are three APs working in channel 1, namely AP1, AP2 and AP3. There are two APs working in channel 2, namely AP4 and AP5. There are two APs working in channel 3, namely AP6 and AP7. AP1, AP2 and AP3 continuously broadcast respective periodic messages in channel 1 based on a transmission cycle (usually several milliseconds, such as 1 to 2 milliseconds) of periodic message. AP4 and AP5 continuously broadcast their respective periodic messages in channel 2 based on the same transmission cycle. AP6 and AP7 continuously broadcast their respective periodic messages in channel 3 based on the same time period. When the Wi-Fi client determines to roam, Wi-Fi client triggers a passive scanning mode. In the passive scanning mode: Wi-Fi client scans each available wireless channel (that is, channel 1, channel 2 and channel 3) to receive periodic messages sent by AP1-AP8 respectively. Preferably, the running time of the passive scanning mode is greater than or equal to the transmission cycle of the periodic messages, so as to ensure that the periodic messages transmitted by respective APs should be fully received.
[0047] In one embodiment, the respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode comprising: receiving respective periodic messages transmitted via broadcasting mode from the respective APs, wherein respective transmission periods of the respective periodic messages are adjustable.
[0048] In one embodiment, roaming assistance information comprised in a periodic message is information about AP which sends the periodic message, which helps to roam a Wi-Fi client to the AP. For example, roaming assistance information can include at least one of the following: service set identifier (SSID) of the AP that sends the periodic message; MAC address of the AP that sends the periodic message; supported rates of the AP that sends the periodic message; power constrains of the AP that sends the periodic message; allow roaming time of the AP that sends the periodic message (for example, to indicate the time when the AP is allowed to receive association establishment request) , and so on.
[0049] In one embodiment, frame structure of the periodic message includes a frame header and a data section, the frame header contains a type field, which is used to identify type of the periodic message, and the data section contains the roaming assistance information.
[0050] In one embodiment, the data section also includes information for triggering at least one polled Wi-Fi client to perform uplink transmission. For example, the information used to trigger the at least one polled client to perform uplink transmission may include ID of the at least one polled Wi-Fi client.
[0051] Fig. 2 is a first exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 2, frame structure of a periodic message includes frame header 10, information 11 for triggering uplink transmission, roaming assistance information 12, padding 13, and frame check sequence (FCE) 14. Data section 15 of the frame structure includes the information 11 for triggering uplink transmission and the roaming assistance information 12. The frame header 10 may contain a type symbol to identify type of the periodic message.
[0052] Fig. 3 is a second exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 3, frame structure of a periodic message includes frame header 10, roaming assistance information 12, information 11 used to trigger uplink transmission, padding 13, and FCE 14. Data section 15 of the frame structure includes the information 11 for triggering uplink transmission and the roaming assistance information 12. The frame header 10 may contain a type symbol to identify type of the periodic message.
[0053] Compared with frame structure in Figure 2, the position of roaming assistance information 12 and the position of information 11 used to trigger uplink transmission in frame structure in Figure 3 are exchanged.
[0054] In one embodiment, the length of roaming assistance information is unfixed. The frame header 10 contains a first locator, which is used to locate the roaming assistance information 12 in the periodic message. For example, the locator is used to indicate starting position and length of the roaming assistance information 12 in the frame structure. The frame header 10 may also include a second locator for locating the information 11. For example, the second locator is used to indicate starting position and length of the information 11 in the frame structure.
[0055] In one embodiment, the length of the roaming assistance information is fixed.
[0056] In Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE802.11ax) , basic trigger frame can be used as a periodic message to trigger uplink packets of multiple users using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) or uplink Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) . In one embodiment, frame structure of a periodic message is OFDMA frame, in which at least one resource unit (RU) of the OFDMA frame contains roaming assistance information.
[0057] Fig. 4 is a third exemplary schematic diagram of a frame structure of a periodic message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 4, frame structure of a periodic message includes frame header 10, resource units 21-24, padding 13, and FCE 14 in turn. Data sections 15 include resource units 21-24. One or more resource units may be used to carry roaming assistance information, while remaining resource units carry information used to trigger uplink transmission of their respective users. For example, resource unit 22 carries roaming assistance information of the AP. The resource unit 21 carries information used to trigger client 1 to execute uplink transmission, the resource unit 23 carries information used to trigger client 2 to execute uplink transmission, and the resource unit 24 carries information used to trigger client 3 to execute uplink transmission. Accordingly, the frame header 10 may contain a type symbol to identify type of the periodic message.
[0058] Step 102: determining a destination AP from the APs.
[0059] Here, the destination AP can be determined from multiple APs based on a variety of roaming decision algorithms. For example, roaming decision algorithms may include:
[0060] (1) Optimal AP algorithm: the AP with the strongest signal strength and the highest data rate is determined as the destination AP.
[0061] (2) Proximity AP algorithm: determine the nearest AP to the client as the destination AP.
[0062] (3) Hybrid algorithm: combining the best AP algorithm and the adjacent AP algorithm, the destination AP is determined according to the weight.
[0063] In one embodiment, roaming assistance information in the periodic message is combined with roaming decision algorithms to determine the destination AP from multiple APs. Specifically, determining a target AP from a plurality of APs includes: determining candidate APs whose supported rates and / or power constrains consistent with requirements of Wi-Fi client, from a plurality of APs; determining destination AP from the candidate APs, based on a roaming decision algorithm. Therefore, the combination of roaming assistance information and roaming decision algorithm to determine the destination AP enriches decision strategy, and can also ensure that the destination AP meets requirements of Wi-Fi client.
[0064] The above exemplary description shows a typical example of determining a destination AP. Those skilled in the art can realize that this description is only exemplary and is not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiment of the disclosure.
[0065] Step 103: roaming to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0066] In one embodiment, step 103 includes: sending association establishment request to the destination AP based on the destination AP's SSID and MAC address. For example, destination MAC address of the association establishment request is the MAC address in the roaming assistance information; and target SSID of the association establishment request is the SSID in the roaming assistance information.
[0067] In one embodiment, step 103 includes sending an association establishment request to the destination AP at the allowed roaming time specified in the roaming assistance information. After the client sends an association establishment request to the destination AP, standard re-authentication and association steps can be performed between the client and the destination AP to complete the roaming process.
[0068] Compared with beacon frames with larger time periods, time period of periodic messages is shorter, so Wi-Fi clients can obtain roaming assistance information faster, which can significantly reduce the roaming time. In addition, the roaming assistance information can also play a role in roaming control (for example, notifying the client of the AP's allowed roaming time) , thus enriching the roaming control mode. In addition, the implementation mode of the disclosure also proposes a novel frame type that combines regular periodic messages with roaming assistance information, and has the advantage of easy implementation.
[0069] The following takes Wi-Fi network supporting industrial point coordination function (iPCF) function as an example to illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure. Please note that the Wi-Fi network supporting the iPCF function is taken as an example to illustrate, which is illustrative and exemplary, and is not used to limit the protection scope of embodiments of the disclosure.
[0070] In 802.11 MAC layer protocol architecture, Point Coordination Function (PCF) is a protocol based on Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) . The iPCF function ensures that data transmission is not interfered by providing competition free services, thus improving the reliability and efficiency of communication. The iPCF function improves the quality and efficiency of communication, especially in the industrial environment with high requirements for real-time and reliability. iPCF technology is a further development of PCF, which can solve many problems existing in PCF. In iPCF, the AP can periodically poll the iPCF clients in turn at a very short time interval, which ensures that each client has a very short response time (deterministic transmission) and roaming time, while the transmission of other non-time critical data can be postponed to the available idle cycle time. In iPCF technology, due to the short polling interval, the client can quickly determine whether there is still a connection with the AP. If the connection is lost, the client can quickly respond and establish a connection with the standby AP. The working characteristics of iPCF can well guarantee the wireless real-time performance of PROFINET.
[0071] In an iPCF supported Wi-Fi network that contains iPCF clients and iPCF APs, iPCF clients often roam between iPCF APs. How to realize fast iPCF network roaming is one of the focuses in the field.
[0072] At present, the roaming process of an iPCF client usually includes:
[0073] Step 1: The iPCF client cancels the association with old iPCF AP (if the client makes an active roaming decision) or detects (unexpected) loss of AP connection.
[0074] Step 2: The iPCF client scans different channels to find suitable candidate iPCF APs. The scanning phase is the most time-consuming phase in the entire roaming process, accounting for more than 90%of the entire roaming delay. Scanning methods usually include:
[0075] (1) Passive scanning: the client switches to different channels and waits for the beacon frame sent by the AP within a predetermined time (usually about 100ms, the default time interval of beacon frame) . For example, in ScanlanceW WLAN devices with iPCF function, the beacon interval is even configured as high as 1 second or longer to reduce the impact of beacon transmission on deterministic data transmission.
[0076] (2) Active scanning: The iPCF client switches to a different channel, and broadcasts a detection request in the switched channel. If the iPCF client receives a response or any traffic from an AP within the duration of MinChannelTime, it will wait for MaxChannelTime to obtain more responses from other APs on the same channel. Otherwise, the channel is declared empty and the scanning of the channel is completed.
[0077] Compared with passive scanning, active scanning reduces the scanning time, but increases the service load and power consumption. However, MaxChannelTime is usually configured to be at least 10 milliseconds or more. Therefore, even active scanning is considered unacceptable time consumption for time sensitive industrial applications, especially when scanning multiple channels.
[0078] Step (3) : Perform standard re authentication and association steps to exchange necessary information with the new AP.
[0079] After the above analysis, reducing the time of scanning phase is decisive for realizing fast roaming. In fact, the poll-request message in the current iPCF mechanism is a typical example of periodic messages sent by an AP broadcast. In embodiments of the disclosure, regular poll-request messages in the current iPCF mechanism are extended. Specifically, it may further carry roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP that sent the poll-request message. Therefore, the extended poll-request message can provide the iPCF client with roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP. The polling time cycle of the extended poll-request message can refer to the polling time cycle of regular poll-request message.
[0080] Therefore, compared with the iPCF mechanism in the prior art which provides AP related information through beacon frames with a larger time period. Providing roaming assistance information through the expanded poll- request message can significantly reduce the roaming time. In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure also propose a novel frame type combining regular poll-request message and roaming assistance information, which has the advantage of easy implementation. Embodiments of the disclosure also provide an iPCF roaming method. The method includes:
[0081] Step (1) : When roaming of an iPCF client is determined, a passive scanning mode is triggered by the iPCF client. In the passive scanning mode, multiple poll-request messages are received from multiple iPCF APs, and each poll-request message contains roaming assistance information of iPCF AP that sends the poll-request message. Here, when iPCF client makes an active roaming decision (that is, the iPCF client actively determines to execute roaming) , or detects connection with the current AP is lost, the roaming is determined.
[0082] For example, iPCF client determines available wireless channels and receive poll-request messages sent by iPCF APs in available wireless channels.
[0083] For example, it is assumed that available wireless channels include channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3. There are three iPCF APs working in channel 1, namely AP1, AP2 and AP3. There are two iPCF APs working in channel 2, namely AP4 and AP5. There are two iPCF APs working in channel 3, namely AP6 and AP7. AP1, AP2, and AP3 broadcast their respective poll-request messages in channel 1 based on predetermined time period (usually at the millisecond level) of the poll-request message. AP4 and AP5 broadcast their respective poll-request messages in channel 2 based on the time period. AP6 and AP7 broadcast their respective poll-request messages in channel 3 based on the time period. When the iPCF client determines to roam, the iPCF client triggers passive scanning mode. In the passive scanning mode: the iPCF client scans each available wireless channel (that is, channel 1, channel 2 and channel 3) to receive poll-request messages sent by AP1-AP8 respectively. Preferably, running time of the passive scanning mode is greater than or equal to the time period of poll-request messages, so as to ensure that poll-request messages sent by all APs can be received.
[0084] In one embodiment, receiving poll-request messages from iPCF APs includes receiving poll-request messages transmitted via broadcast from the iPCF APs, wherein polling cycle of poll-request messages is adjustable.
[0085] In one embodiment, the roaming assistance includes at least one of the following: SSID; MAC address; support rate; power constrains; allowed roaming time, etc. In one embodiment, frame structure of the poll-request message includes a frame header and a data section, the frame header contains a type character, which is used to identify type of the poll-request message, and the data section contains roaming assistance information. In one embodiment, the data section also includes information used to trigger a polled iPCF client to perform uplink transmission. Here, the information used to trigger the polled iPCF client to execute uplink transmission can be the content in the data section of frame structure of the roaming assistance information of the prior art. For example, the information used to trigger the polled iPCF client to perform uplink transmission may include ID of the polled iPCF client.
[0086] Step (2) : Determine destination AP from multiple iPCF APs.
[0087] Here, destination AP can be determined from iPCF APs based on roaming decision algorithms.
[0088] In one embodiment, roaming assistance information in the poll-request message may also be combined to determine the destination AP from iPCF APs. Specifically, it includes: determining candidate iPCF Aps whose supported rates and / or power constrains consistent with requirements of the iPCF client determined to roam. Based on roaming decision algorithm, the destination iPCF AP is determined from the candidate iPCF Aps. Based on the roaming assistance information in the poll-request message sent by the destination AP, roaming the iPCF client to the destination AP includes: sending association establishment request to the destination AP based on the SSID and MAC address of the destination AP. Therefore, the combination of roaming assistance information and roaming decision algorithm to determine the destination AP enriches the decision strategy, and can also ensure that the destination AP meets the needs of the client.
[0089] The above exemplary description shows a typical example of determining a destination AP. Those skilled in the art can realize that this description is only exemplary and is not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiment of the disclosure.
[0090] Step (3) : Roam to the destination AP based on the roaming assistance information in the poll-request message sent by the destination AP.
[0091] In one embodiment, the association establishment request is sent to the destination AP based on the destination AP's SSID and MAC address. In one embodiment, an association establishment request is sent to the destination AP based on the time when roaming is allowed. After sending the association establishment request to the destination AP, you can perform the standard re authentication and association steps to complete the roaming process.
[0092] Applying wireless communication in industry has been becoming more and more popular due to the increasing performance and the mobility. Different from consumer product, the wireless industry devices have much higher requirements of low latency and low jitter rather than the high data rate to support the time sensitive communication such as PROFINET. However, the normal WLAN technology is not essentially suitable for time sensitive industrial applications due to many factors. One of the big disadvantages is the break-before-make handover. WLAN clients cannot transmit / receive packet to / from network side during the time when the WLAN client is roaming from one AP (Access Point) to another AP, which causes larger packet delay and / or packet loss. Depending on the WLAN network deployment and environment status, the roaming process sometimes takes up to a few seconds. This kind of roaming mechanism implies that WLAN technology in its commonly implemented form cannot provide deterministic communication. Another essential defect is the random channel access of CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism. WLAN devices cannot transmit data before successfully contending for the channel access. Presence of a larger number of WLAN devices on the same channel will increase channel access contention time and imply large variations in the channel access delays. This kind of random access implies that WLAN technology in its commonly implemented form cannot provide deterministic communication. Addressing in particular the cyclic communication patterns of the PROFINET industrial Ethernet protocol, in particular PROFINET IO (PNIO) , ScalanceW industrial WLAN devices support a scheduling scheme named iPCF which operates “on top of” DCF, based on poll-request / poll-response messages.
[0093] (1) WLAN clients do not proactively transmit data packets but only when they are polled by the AP.
[0094] (2) WLAN AP sends a poll-request message, together with the downlink data (if available) to one client and waits for the client’s poll-response message (containing the uplink payload data, if any) with a predefined maximal waiting time Tmax.
[0095] (3) The polled client sends the poll-response with uplink data to AP after receiving the poll-request message.
[0096] (4) After AP received successfully the poll-response message from the polled client or if AP didn’t receive the poll-response message from client within the maximal waiting time Tmax, AP will poll the next client.
[0097] (5) AP repeats the poll-request / poll-response for all associated clients one by one in a round-robin fashion.
[0098] The iPCF is surely an effective solution to provide deterministic communication for industrial applications. Embodiments of the present also disclosure provide a fast-roaming scheme for WLAN system supporting iPCF. With iPCF function, AP periodically sends poll-request messages to the clients for uplink data packets meanwhile all the clients are forbidden to randomly contend for transmission. The poll-request messages can be either a self-defined frame or a Basic Trigger frame which is defined in IEEE802.11ax and used to trigger the uplink transmission. In active scanning mechanism which save much scanning time compared to the passive scanning, WLAN client switches to different channels to broadcast the probe requests and expect to receive the probe responses from APs. The probe response frame carries the necessary information, for example, SSID, supported rates, power constrains and so on. Unavoidably the transmission of Probe and Probe response frames will interrupt the regular data packets exchange between AP and client with iPCF function. Embodiments of the present disclosure proposed to define a new MAC frame type which combines the Poll-Request message and the Roaming Assistant Message which is the key innovation feature in this report. The Roaming Assistant Message is a Probe Response-like message which contains the necessary information for roaming, like: SSID; MAC address; supported rates; power constrains; and other new introduced information if required.
[0099] The working principles of the proposed mechanism are as follows: Firstly, roaming client switches to a channel and waits for new-defined MAC frames sent by APs for an amount of time which could be as short as 1-2 milliseconds. Compared to the normal interval of beacons, it’s a great improvement. In ScanlanceW WLAN devices with iPCF function, the interval of beacons even is configured as up to 1 second or more to reduce the influence of beacon transmission on the deterministic data transmission. Secondly, the roaming client abstracts and analyzes roaming assistance information from the received new defined MAC frame to obtain necessary information for roaming. Thirdly, based on all collected information, the roaming client can select one AP and start the roaming procedure.
[0100] The following describes a typical process of roaming based on poll-request messages in Wi-Fi networks that support iPCF capabilities.
[0101] Figure 5 is a first schematic diagram of roaming based on poll-request message according to the embodiment of the disclosure. In Figure 5, an iPCF AP works in channel 1. The iPCF AP is associated with iPCF client 1-iPCF client 3. The poll-request messages sent by the iPCF AP may have the MAC frame structure as shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3.
[0102] In the first time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 31. The poll-request message 31 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 1 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 1) . After receiving the poll-request message 31, iPCF client 1 uploads uplink data frame 41 based on the poll-request message 31.
[0103] In the second time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 32. The poll-request message 32 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 2 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 2) . After receiving the poll-request message 32, iPCF client 2 uploads uplink data frame 42 based on the poll-request message 32.
[0104] In the third time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 33. The poll-request message 33 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 3 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 3) . After receiving the poll-request message 33, iPCF client 3 uploads uplink data frame 43 based on the poll-request message 33.
[0105] So far, the first polling process from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 3 has been completed. Next, continue with the second polling process.
[0106] In the fourth time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 34. The poll-request message 34 contains roaming assistance information of iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 1 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of the iPCF client 1) . After receiving the poll-request message 34, iPCF client 1 uploads uplink data frame 44 based on the poll-request message 34.
[0107] In the fifth time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 35. The poll-request message 35 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 2 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of the iPCF client 2) . After receiving the poll-request message 35, iPCF client 2 uploads uplink data frame 45 based on the poll-request message 35.
[0108] In the sixth time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 36. The poll-request message 36 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 3 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of the iPCF client 2) . After receiving the poll-request message 36, iPCF client 3 uploads uplink data frame 46 based on the poll-request message 36.
[0109] So far, the second polling process from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 3 has been completed. By analogy, multiple polling processes from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 3 are executed.
[0110] The following describes roaming process of any iPCF client in the iPCF Wi-Fi network.
[0111] When an iPCF client 4 in any available wireless channel (for example, in channel 2) decides to roam, iPCF client 4 triggers a passive scan mode. In the passive scanning mode: iPCF client 4 scans each available wireless channel in turn to receive respective poll-request messages from multiple iPCF APs in each available wireless channel. The running time of passive scanning mode is greater than or equal to time period of poll-request messages. Therefore, in the passive scanning mode, iPCF client 4 receives poll-request messages sent by the iPCF AP in channel 1 (for example, any of the poll-request message 31-poll-request message 36) , and can also receive poll-request message sent by other iPCF APs in channel 1 and the poll-request message sent by iPCF APs in other channels other than channel 1.
[0112] Then, iPCF client 4 determines destination AP from all the iPCF APs (which can be located in different channels) that send the poll-request messages. iPCF client 4 roams to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information (for example, including SSID, MAC address, supported rates, power constrains, and allowed roaming time of the destination AP. ) contained in the poll-request message of the destination AP. For example, when the destination AP determined by iPCF client 4 is the AP in Figure 5, the roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP is extracted from any of the received poll-request messages. The iPCF client 4 roams to the iPCF AP based on the roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP.
[0113] Fig. 6 is a second schematic diagram of roaming based on periodic messages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0114] In Figure 6, Wi-Fi 6 or Wi-Fi 7 is adopted, where iPCF AP works in channel 1. The iPCF AP is associated with iPCF client 1-iPCF client 4. The poll-request message sent by the iPCF AP may have the OFDM frame structure shown in Figure 5.
[0115] In the first time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 51. The poll-request message 51 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 1 and iPCF client 2 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 1 and identification of iPCF client 2) . The iPCF client 1 uploads uplink data frame 61 after receiving poll-request message 51. The iPCF client 2 uploads uplink data frame 62 after receiving poll-request message 51.
[0116] In the second time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 52. The poll-request message 52 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 3 and iPCF client 4 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 3 and identification of iPCF client 4) . The iPCF client 3 uploads uplink data frame 63 after receiving poll-request message 52. After receiving the poll-request message 52, the iPCF client 4 uploads uplink data frame 64.
[0117] So far, the first polling process from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 4 has been completed. Next, continue with the second polling process.
[0118] In the third time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 53. The poll-request message 53 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 1 and iPCF client 2 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 1 and identification of iPCF client 2) . The iPCF client 1 uploads uplink data frame 65 after receiving poll-request message 53. The iPCF client 2 uploads uplink data frame 66 after receiving poll-request message 53.
[0119] In the fourth time period, the iPCF AP broadcasts poll-request message 54. The poll-request message 54 contains roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP and information used to specify iPCF client 3 and iPCF client 4 to perform uplink transmission (for example, identification of iPCF client 3 and identification of iPCF client 4) . The iPCF client 3 uploads uplink data frame 67 after receiving poll-request message 54. After receiving the poll-request message 54, the iPCF client 4 uploads the uplink data frame 68.
[0120] So far, the second polling process from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 4 has been completed. By analogy, multiple polling processes from iPCF client 1 to iPCF client 4 are executed.
[0121] The following describes the roaming process of the iPCF client.
[0122] When an iPCF client 5 in any available channel (for example, in channel 2) determines to roam, iPCF client 5 triggers passive scanning mode. In the passive scanning mode: iPCF client 5 scans each available wireless channel in turn to receive respective poll-request messages from multiple iPCF APs in each available wireless channel. The running time of passive scanning mode is greater than or equal to the time period of poll-request messages. Therefore, in the passive scanning mode, the iPCF client 5 may receive poll-request messages sent by the iPCF AP in channel 1 (for example, any of the poll-request message 51-poll-request message 54) , and can also receive poll-request messages sent by other iPCF APs in channel 1 and poll-request messages sent by iPCF APs in channels other than channel 1.
[0123] Then, iPCF client 5 determines destination AP from all iPCF APs (which can be located in different channels) that send poll-request messages. The iPCF client 5 roams to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information contained in poll-request message sent by the destination AP. For example, when the destination AP determined by iPCF client 5 is the AP in Figure 6, the roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP is extracted from the received poll-request messages. PCF client 5 roams to the iPCF AP based on the roaming assistance information of the iPCF AP.
[0124] Taking Wi-Fi network supporting iPCF capability as an example, the above exemplary description of typical examples of periodic messages and roaming processes can be realized by those skilled in the art that this description is only exemplary and is not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiment of the disclosure. In fact, the application can be applied to any Wi-Fi network where the AP can periodically broadcast messages.
[0125] The advantages of this disclosure are as follows:
[0126] (1) Extend the normal standard by defining a new type of MAC frame. Easy to implement, only some software modification. Easy to combine with Wi-Fi roaming standards like IEEE802.11k / v / r and improve the performance.
[0127] (2) Greatly reduce the roaming time without interrupting the deterministic data transmission.
[0128] (3) Applicable over many generations of WLAN standards, including 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be. The roaming assistance information is integrated into the regular Poll-Request frames of iPCF which has very short transmitting interval to fulfil the requirement of the time sensitive applications. The roaming clients and APs don’t need to do any packet exchange, i.e. the Probe Request and the Probe-Response.
[0129] Fig. 7 is a second exemplary flowchart of a roaming method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applicable to an AP. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes:
[0130] Step 201: broadcasting a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the AP, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam.
[0131] Step 202: receiving an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the AP is determined to be a destination AP of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the AP.
[0132] Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a roaming system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The roaming system comprising: a Wi-Fi client 90; and a plurality of APs 81, 82, 83; the plurality of APs 81, 82, 83 is configured to transmit respective periodic messages, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP of the plurality of APs 81, 82, 83 that transmits the periodic message; wherein the Wi-Fi client 90 is configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, the respective periodic messages are received from the respective plurality of APs 81, 82, 83 in the passive scanning mode, determine a destination AP from the plurality of APs 81, 82, 83, and roam to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0133] Fig. 9 is an exemplary module diagram of a Wi-Fi client according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The Wi-Fi client comprising: a triggering module 301, configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective APs in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an AP that transmits the periodic message; a determining module 302, configured to determine a destination AP from the respective APs; and a roaming module 303, configured to roam to the destination AP based on roaming assistance information of the destination AP.
[0134] Fig. 10 is an exemplary module diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The AP comprising: a broadcast module 401, configured to broadcast a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the AP, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam; and a receiving module 402, configured to receive an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the AP is determined to be a destination AP of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the AP.
[0135] Embodiments of the present disclosure also propose an electronic device with a processor memory architecture. Fig. 11 is an exemplary structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, electronic device 500 includes a processor 501, a memory 502, and a computer program stored on memory 502 that can run on processor 501. When the computer program is executed by processor 501, the roaming method as described in either of the above is implemented. Among them, memory 502 can be implemented as various storage media such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory, programmable program read-only memory (PROM) , etc. Processor 501 can be implemented to include one or more central processors or one or more field programmable gate arrays, wherein the field programmable gate array integrates one or more central processor cores. Specifically, the central processing unit or core can be implemented as a CPU, MCU, DSP, and so on.
[0136] It should be noted that not all steps and modules in the above processes and structural diagrams are necessary, and some steps or modules can be ignored according to actual needs. The execution sequence of each step is not fixed and can be adjusted as needed. The division of each module is only for the convenience of describing the functional division used. In actual implementation, a module can be divided into multiple modules, and the functions of multiple modules can also be implemented by the same module. These modules can be in the same device or different devices.
[0137] The hardware modules in each implementation can be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module can include specially designed permanent circuits or logic devices (such as dedicated processors, such as FPGA or ASIC) to complete specific operations. Hardware modules can also include programmable logic devices or circuits temporarily configured by software (such as general-purpose processors or other programmable processors) for performing specific operations. As for the specific use of mechanical methods, either dedicated permanent circuits or temporarily configured circuits (such as software configuration) to implement hardware modules, it can be determined based on cost and time considerations.
[0138] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A roaming method, the method is applicable to a Wi-Fi client, the method comprising:triggering (101) a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective access points in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an access point that transmits the periodic message;determining (102) a destination access point from the access points; androaming (103) to the destination access point based on roaming assistance information of the destination access point.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective periodic messages are received from respective access points in the passive scanning mode comprising:determining respective available wireless channels in the passive scanning mode;receiving respective periodic messages from respective access points in the respective available wireless channels in the passive scanning mode.3.The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective periodic messages are received from respective access points in the passive scanning mode comprising:receiving respective periodic messages transmitted via broadcasting mode from the respective access points, wherein respective transmission periods of the respective periodic messages are adjustable.4.The method according to claim 1, wherein the roaming assistance information comprises at least one of the following:Service Set Identifier (SSID) ; MAC address; supported rates; power constrains; time allowed to roam.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining (102) a destination access point from the access points comprises:determining candidate access points whose supported rate and / or power constrains meet requirements of the Wi-Fi client from the respective access points;determining a destination access point from the candidate access points based on a predetermined roaming decision algorithm;wherein the roaming (103) to the destination access point based on roaming assistance information of the destination access point comprises:transmitting an association establishment request to the destination access point based on SSID and MAC address of the destination access point.6.The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein a frame structure of the periodic message comprises frame header and data section, the frame header comprises a type-field for identifying type of the periodic message, and the data section comprises the roaming assistance information.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the data section further comprises information for triggering a polled Wi-Fi client to perform uplink transmission.8.The method according to claim 6, wherein the length of the roaming assistance information is unfixed, the frame header contains a locator configured to locate the roaming assistance information in the periodic message.9.The method according to claim 6, wherein the length of the roaming assistance information is fixed.10.The method according to claim 6, wherein the frame structure is an OFDMA frame structure, and at least one resource unit of the OFDMA frame structure comprises the roaming assistance information.11.A roaming method, the method is applicable to an access point, the method comprising:broadcasting (201) a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the access point, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam; andreceiving (202) an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the access point is determined to be a destination access point of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the access point.12.A roaming system, comprising:a Wi-Fi client (90) ; anda plurality of access points (81, 82, 83) ;wherein the plurality of access points (81, 82, 83) is configured to transmit respective periodic messages, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an access point of the plurality of access points (81, 82, 83) that transmits the periodic message;wherein the Wi-Fi client (90) is configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, the respective periodic messages are received from the respective plurality of access points (81, 82, 83) in the passive scanning mode, determine a destination access point from the plurality of access points (81, 82, 83) , and roam to the destination access point based on roaming assistance information of the destination access point.13.aWi-Fi client, comprising:a triggering module (301) , configured to trigger a passive scanning mode when roaming is determined, wherein respective periodic messages are received from respective access points in the passive scanning mode, and each periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of an access point that transmits the periodic message;a determining module (302) , configured to determine a destination access point from the access points; anda roaming module (303) , configured to roam to the destination access point based on roaming assistance information of the destination access point.14.An access point, comprising:a broadcast module (401) , configured to broadcast a periodic message, the periodic message comprises roaming assistance information of the access point, wherein the periodic message is received by a Wi-Fi client in a passive scanning mode, the Wi-Fi client is determined to roam; anda receiving module (402) , configured to receive an association establishment request from the Wi-Fi client when the access point is determined to be a destination access point of the Wi-Fi client, wherein the association establishment request is transmitted based on the roaming assistance information of the access point.15.An electronic device, comprising a processor (501) and a memory (502) , wherein an application program executable by the processor (501) is stored in the memory (502) for causing the processor (501) to execute a roaming method according to any one of claims 1-10 or a roaming method according to claim 11.16.A computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer-readable instructions for executing a roaming method according to any one of claims 1-10 or a roaming method according to claim 11.17.A computer program product comprising a computer program, upon the computer program is executed by a processor for executing a roaming method according to any one of claims 1-10 or a roaming method according to claim 11.
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