Method and apparatus for operation in case of traffic congestion in integrated sensing and communication technology

Abstract

Provided are a method for performing wireless communication and sensing, and an apparatus supporting same. A first device may obtain one or more sensing quality of service (QoS) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; obtain a first packet data unit (PDU) related to a sensing service, wherein the first PDU may be related to a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; obtain a second PDU related to a communication service, wherein the second PDU may be related to a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU on the basis of detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded on the basis of the first importance value or the second importance value.

Description

Method and device for operation during traffic congestion in sensing and communication integration technology

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided in which a first device performs sensing. The method may include: a step in which the first device acquires one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; a step in which the first device acquires a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; a step in which the first device acquires a second PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and a step in which the first device transmits the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform sensing is provided. The first device comprises at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor and cause the first device to: acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; acquire a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; acquire a second PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device includes at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; acquire a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; acquire a second PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium is provided for recording instructions. When the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire one or more sensing Quality of Service (QoS) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; acquire a first Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; acquire a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 shows the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 shows the main sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows a QoS model for supporting communication services in a conventional 5G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 shows a forward scattering effect according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a processing procedure when a base station detects congestion / overload on sensing traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a processing procedure when a base station detects congestion / overload on communication traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a processing procedure when a UE or sensing device detects congestion / overload on sensing traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a processing procedure when a UE or sensing device detects congestion / overload on communication traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0033] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0034] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0035] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0036] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0037] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0038] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaled control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0041] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0042] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0043] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0046] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0047] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0048] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0049] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0050] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0052] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device). For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0053] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0054] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0055] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0056] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0057] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0058] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0059] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0061] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0062] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0063] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0064] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0065] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0066] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0068] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0069] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for inactive DL BWPs. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0072] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0073] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0075] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0076] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0077] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0078] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0079] - Optical wireless technology

[0080] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0081] - Quantum communication

[0082] - Cell-free communication

[0083] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0084] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0085] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0086] - Big data analysis

[0087] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0088] - Metaverse

[0089] - blockchain

[0090] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0091] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0092] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0093] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0094] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0095] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0097] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to an object via a device within the network, they can provide services for object location determination without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0098] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0099] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, at the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered or reflected signal, and a sensing result may be generated or obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking of objects and / or environments, etc.) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0100] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing receiver or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object within the environment from the sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than that of a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be a sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing where there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is below or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is above or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0101] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. For example, this can be obtained based on Equation 1.

[0102]

[0103] Here, for example, target channel H target It may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background It may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0104] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it can often be referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target can be detected more easily. For example, in radar sensor measurements, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, received power may be based on the target's RCS, among other factors. For example, received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the target's RCS may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0105] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0106] Referring to Fig. 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 2.

[0107]

[0108] Here, for example, P TX can be transmitter power [W], and G TXε₀ can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX can be the power [W] that the EUTT receives back from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff It can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0109]

[0110] Here, for example, G RX λ can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0111] For example, if a transmitter and a receiver are placed together and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as Equation 4.

[0112]

[0113] Here, for example, P TX ε₀ can be transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX ≠ Power [W] received back from the object by the EUT.

[0114] In the present disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0115] For example, the "PRS" or "SL PRS" below can be interpreted / applied by replacing it with "sensing signal" or "sensing RS (reference signal)".

[0116] - LMF: Location management function

[0117] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE

[0118] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF

[0119] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the UE

[0120] - SL positioning controlled by a base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station

[0121] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE

[0122] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the base station / LMF

[0123] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0124] - T-UE(Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0125] - S-UE (Server UE): A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0126] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0127] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0128] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0129] - SL PRS: Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0130] - CCH: control channel

[0131] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE, which contains information about the set of preferred resources suitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE, and / or information about the set of non-preferred resources not suitable for transmission.

[0132] - Sensing RS (reference signal): A reference signal used for measurements for sensing purposes

[0133] - BS-BS Sensing: BS-BS sensing may refer to a sensing operation where BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS bi-static sensing operation. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, it may refer to a BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0134] - BS-UE Sensing: BS-UE sensing may refer to a sensing operation in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0135] - UE-BS Sensing: UE-BS sensing may refer to sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0136] - UE-UE Sensing: UE-UE sensing may refer to sensing where UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, it may refer to a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0137] - SMF: Sensing Management Function

[0138] - TSA: Target sensing area

[0139] For example, a method in which a UE directly calculates its own position can be called “UE-based.”

[0140] For example, a Transmission Point (TP) may be a set of transmission antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point. For example, a transmission point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more transmission points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to a cell.

[0141] For example, a reception point (RP) may be a set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or an uplink SRS-only reception point. For example, a reception point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of an uplink SRS-only reception point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more reception points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to a cell.

[0142] For example, a PRS-only transmission point (PRS-only TP) may be a transmission point that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based TBS positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0143] For example, a transmission-reception point (TRP) may be a set of antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location where transmission point and / or reception point functions are supported.

[0144] For example, an SRS-only receiving point (SRS-only RP) may be a receiving point that receives only SRS signals for uplink-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0145] For example, in the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced with the same entity.

[0146] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information.

[0147] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0148] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0149] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0150] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0151] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0152] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0153] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources consisting of the following information.

[0154] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0155] - SL PRS Comb Size: The interval between REs transmitted within a symbol for SL PRS.

[0156] - SL PRS Comb Offset: The RE index where the SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is first transmitted.

[0157] - SL PRS Comb Cyclic Shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS

[0158] - SL PRS start position: Index of the first symbol transmitting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0159] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols constituting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0160] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain where the SL PRS is transmitted

[0161] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0162] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0163] - SL PRS Periodicity: The period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, physical, or the unit of a logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0164] - SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots within the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0165] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0166] - SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0167] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource locations, etc.

[0168] For example, when there is logical channel data to be transmitted and / or MAC CE and / or control messages (e.g., PC5-S messages and / or PC5 RRC messages), the terminal may perform an LCP procedure according to the Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP) priority order.

[0169] For example, the LCP procedure may be as follows. For example, when a terminal has multiple messages or data to be transmitted (e.g., MAC CE, communication data, (PC5) RRC message), it may generate a MAC PDU first for the message with the highest priority based on priority (e.g., priority). For example, when the terminal has a MAC CE and data to be transmitted, if the destinations of the MAC CE and the data are different, it may generate a MAC PDU by first multiplexing the message with the highest priority (e.g., MAC CE) into the MAC PDU. Additionally, for example, if the destinations of the messages are the same, the terminal may preferentially select the message with the highest priority to perform the multiplexing operation for generating the MAC PDU.

[0170] Meanwhile, in conventional communication (e.g., NR Uu or NR sidelink), the sensing procedure of a device (e.g., terminal or base station) was not considered a service. However, since the primary purpose of an ISAC service is to rapidly detect and distinguish target objects through sensing, it is necessary to classify the sensing procedure (or behavior) as a service that must satisfy a QoS requirement (e.g., 1. sensing latency: the time required for a terminal triggering sensing to trigger the sensing procedure and receive the sensing result of the target object from a receiving terminal, and / or 2. sensing accuracy, etc.). For example, in ISAC, the sensing behavior of a device (e.g., terminal, base station, or SMF (Sensing Management function)) can be considered a service that must satisfy the ISAC sensing QoS requirement. For example, the terminal can perform the corresponding sensing QoS-based sensing operation (e.g., transmitting a sensing RS and / or receiving a sensing RS (sensing signal)).

[0171] For example, sensing in ISAC can be regarded as a higher-layer service that must satisfy sensing QoS (or sensing quality) based on sensing results. And, for example, a new QoS (e.g., SQFI) for ISAC sensing services can be defined as follows.

[0172] - For example, the SQFI (sensing QoS flow ID) can be as follows.

[0173] - SQFI 1~8 (can be distinguished according to the level of sensing QoS requirements (e.g., 1. sensing accuracy, 2. sensing latency: e.g., latency boundary from sensing triggering to receiving a sensing result, and / or 3. sensing priority: e.g., priority that can be used to determine which sensing service to trigger first based on priority when multiple sensing procedures are required). For example, the smaller (or higher) the SQFI value, the more it can be defined as a sensing service having tighter QoS requirements (e.g., a sensing service requiring high sensing accuracy, or a sensing service requiring low / lower / lowest sensing latency).

[0174] In addition, for example, ISAC can define terminal and TRP (or base station) operations to support sensing services such as detection, localization, and tracking.

[0175] **Sensing QoS for ISAC Services (e.g., detection, location estimation and / or tracking, etc.)**

[0176] - Detection QoS: Detection probability and / or false alarm probability

[0177] - Position Estimation QoS: Position estimation of a static object. QoS parameters of position estimation (e.g., time delay and / or angle of arrival, etc.)

[0178] - Tracking QoS: Tracking changes in the state (e.g., range, angle, and / or speed, etc.) of a moving object (e.g., vehicle or drone).

[0179] FIG. 10 illustrates a major sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0180] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 10, for example, support scenarios for sensing services in ISAC may be as follows. For example, the six major sensing modes supported by ISAC may be as follows.

[0181] - gNB monostatic (gNB mono-static, e.g., the same gNB provides both Tx and Rx)

[0182] - gNB bistatic (gNB bi-static, e.g., one gNB is Tx and the other gNB is Rx)

[0183] - Bistatic from gNB to UE (gNB-to-UE bi-static, e.g., gNB is Tx and UE is Rx)

[0184] - Bistatic from UE to gNB (UE-to-gNB bi-static, e.g., UE is Tx and gNB is Rx)

[0185] - UE Monostatic (UE mono-static, e.g., the same UE provides both Tx and Rx)

[0186] - UE bi-static (UE bi-static, e.g., one UE Tx and the other UE Rx)

[0187] For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be solutions that can be extended and applied to all six sensing scenarios.

[0188] FIG. 11 illustrates a QoS model for supporting communication services in a conventional 5G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0189] For example, the embodiment of FIG. 11 may represent a QoS model (e.g., DRB mapping in QoS flows) for supporting communication services (e.g., uplink transmission, downlink transmission, uplink reception and / or downlink reception) in a conventional 5G system. Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 11, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), which is an entity of the network, may map service data flows (e.g., video, VoIP, and / or Best Effort services, etc.) received from a Data Network (DN) to (each) QoS flows. For example, the UPF may organize one or more QoS flows into a single PDU session. For example, a gNB (or the SDAP of the gNB) may map QoS flows for service data received from the UPF to DRBs. For example, the gNB (or the gNB's SDAP) can map one QoS flow to one DRB or map multiple QoS flows to one DRB.

[0190] For example, the symbols / abbreviations / terms used in the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0191] - Sensing Device: For example, the sensing device may refer to the UE and / or TRP.

[0192] - Sensing Function (SF): For example, a sensing function may refer to a network entity that controls and manages the sensing procedures of a UE or TRP within an ISAC. For example, the SF can receive reports of sensing data collected by the UE or TRP through sensing and store the sensing data. For example, and / or the SF may be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0193] - Non-3GPP Sensing Data: This may refer to non-3GPP sensing data that is not collected through 3GPP communication-based sensing (e.g., camera data, video data and / or data collected through other RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi)-based sensing).

[0194] - 3rd Party Entity: For example, the 3rd Party Entity is a server device operated by a sensing service operator (e.g., a business operator that uses / operates sensing data for a sensing service). It can receive and store sensing data for a sensing service from a sensing device. For example, the 3rd Party Entity may also be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0195] - Forward scatter: For example, forward scatter can be as follows.

[0196] FIG. 12 illustrates a forward scattering effect according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0197] Referring to Fig. 12, for example, when the bistatic angle is close to 180 degrees, the RCS can increase by a larger scale (e.g., about 30 dB) compared to the monostatic case. For example, this phenomenon can be explained by Babinet's principle. For example, according to Babinet's principle, if a target-shaped hole is formed in an infinitely perfect conductive sheet, the signal diffracted through the hole may have the same magnitude and opposite phase as the signal transmitted by diffracting around a perfect absorbing target of the same shape. For example, this may be because the two diffraction components must cancel each other out to zero. For example, forward scattering effects can occur due to in-phase interference of waves in the shadow region of the target. For example, such interference can cause the field to be concentrated along a line perpendicular to the shadow region of the target. For example, accordingly, the shadow beam of the target can have high directional gain on the unilluminated side of the target.

[0198] - Underlay sensing signal transmission: For example, underlay sensing signal transmission may refer to a communication concept that enables sensing devices participating in a sensing service to communicate simultaneously without affecting signals for existing communication services. For instance, underlay sensing signal transmission can be designed to use low-power signals in the frequency band used by the communication service UE to avoid interfering with the communication of the communication service UE.

[0199] The present disclosure proposes a PDU processing operation in an ISAC when traffic congestion occurs (e.g., when sensing service traffic congestion occurs and / or communication service traffic congestion occurs).

[0200] For example, when supporting ISAC, traffic congestion and / or overload may occur on the air interface due to the support of sensing service traffic as well as conventional communication service traffic, which may result in a problem of degraded service support performance. Therefore, for example, the present disclosure may propose a PDU processing operation as follows to solve the problem of degraded service support performance when traffic (e.g., communication service traffic and / or sensing service traffic) overload or congestion occurs.

[0201] The following describes the operation of discarding sensing PDUs in the RAN when congestion occurs due to sensing traffic overload.

[0202] For example, the following procedure may be defined to determine priority between the two traffic when congestion or overload occurs in communication service traffic and / or sensing service traffic. For example, a network entity of the core network (e.g., Policy Control Function, Session Management Function, and / or Sensing Function) may receive communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles from an external network (e.g., data network). For example, the core network entity may transmit the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles to a base station (e.g., RAN device) to perform congestion control of downlink PDUs (e.g., from base station to UE or from base station to sensing device). For example, a PDU Importance value for each service may be set in the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles for traffic for communication services and sensing services. For example, when traffic congestion occurs, a base station can control traffic congestion by checking the PDU importance value of the QoS profile for two services and discarding the PDU for the service with the lower importance value.

[0203] FIG. 13 illustrates a processing procedure when a base station detects congestion / overload on sensing traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0204] In the embodiment of FIG. 13, for example, C-PDU may mean a PDU of a communication service. For example, S-PDU may mean a PDU of a sensing service.

[0205] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 13, for example, if a base station detects an overload on sensing service traffic, it can resolve the traffic overload by discarding the sensing service PDU that has a low importance value among the PDUs for the sensing service. For example, if a base station detects traffic congestion, it can control the traffic congestion by comparing the PDU importance values ​​for both services (e.g., sensing service and / or communication) and discarding the PDU for the service that has the lowest PDU importance value. For example, there may be cases where multiple services related to sensing and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing and / or multiple services related to communication and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication are generated. For example, in this case, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard the one PDU with the lowest importance value. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard all PDUs for the service associated with the PDU having the lowest importance value. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication.Alternatively, for example, the base station may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for sensing and the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for communication and discard all PDUs associated with the PDU QoS profile with a low importance value (e.g., all PDUs associated with sensing or all PDUs associated with communication).

[0206] Below, we will explain the operation of discarding communication PDUs in the RAN during congestion caused by communication traffic overload.

[0207] For example, the following procedure may be defined to determine priority between the two traffic when congestion or overload occurs in communication service traffic and / or sensing service traffic. For example, a network entity of the core network (e.g., Policy Control Function, Session Management Function, and / or Sensing Function) may receive communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles from an external network (e.g., data network). For example, the core network entity may transmit the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles to a base station (e.g., RAN device) to perform congestion control of downlink PDUs (e.g., from base station to UE or from base station to sensing device). For example, a PDU Importance value for each service may be set in the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles for traffic for communication services and sensing services. For example, when traffic congestion occurs, a base station can control traffic congestion by checking the PDU importance value of the QoS profile for two services and discarding the PDU for the service with the lower importance value.

[0208] FIG. 14 illustrates a processing procedure when a base station detects congestion / overload on communication traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0209] In the embodiment of FIG. 14, for example, C-PDU may mean a PDU of a communication service. For example, S-PDU may mean a PDU of a sensing service.

[0210] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 14, for example, when a base station detects an overload on communication service traffic, it can resolve the traffic overload by discarding a sensing service PDU that has a low importance value among the PDUs for the communication service. For example, when a base station detects traffic congestion, it can control the traffic congestion by comparing the PDU importance values ​​for both services (e.g., sensing service and / or communication) and discarding the PDU for the service that has the lowest PDU importance value. For example, there may be cases where multiple services related to sensing and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing and / or multiple services related to communication and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication are generated. For example, in this case, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard the one PDU with the lowest importance value. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard all PDUs for the service associated with the PDU having the lowest importance value. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing. For example, the base station can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication.Alternatively, for example, the base station may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for sensing and the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for communication and discard all PDUs associated with the PDU QoS profile with a low importance value (e.g., all PDUs associated with sensing or all PDUs associated with communication).

[0211] The following describes the operation of discarding sensing PDUs from a UE or sensing device when congestion occurs due to sensing traffic overload.

[0212] For example, the following procedure may be defined to prioritize the two traffics when congestion or overload occurs between communication service traffic and / or sensing service traffic. For example, a network entity of the core network (e.g., Policy Control Function, Session Management Function, and / or Sensing Function) may receive communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles from an external network (e.g., data network). For example, the core network entity may transmit the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles to a base station (e.g., RAN device) and / or a sensing device (e.g., TRP and / or UE) to perform congestion control of uplink PDUs (e.g., from UE to base station or from sensing device to base station). For example, the base station may transmit communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles received from the core network to the UE or sensing device. For example, the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles for traffic for communication services and sensing services may have PDU Importance values ​​set for each service. For example, when traffic congestion is detected, the UE or sensing device can control traffic congestion by checking the PDU Importance values ​​of the PDU QoS profiles for the two services and discarding the PDU for the service with the lower Importance value.

[0213] FIG. 15 illustrates a processing procedure when a UE or sensing device detects congestion / overload on sensing traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0214] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, for example, C-PDU may mean a PDU of a communication service. For example, S-PDU may mean a PDU of a sensing service.

[0215] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 15, for example, when a UE or sensing device detects an overload of sensing service traffic, it can resolve the traffic (e.g., uplink traffic) overload by discarding a sensing service PDU that has a low importance value among the PDUs for the sensing service. For example, when a UE or sensing device detects traffic congestion, it can control the traffic (e.g., uplink traffic) congestion by comparing the PDU importance values ​​for both services (e.g., sensing service and / or communication) and discarding the PDU for the service that has the lowest PDU importance value. For example, there may be cases where multiple services related to sensing and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing and / or multiple services related to communication and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication are generated. For example, in this case, the UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard the one PDU with the lowest importance value. For example, a UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard all PDUs for the service associated with the PDU having the lowest importance value. For example, a UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing.For example, a UE or sensing device may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU, and if the PDU with the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication. Alternatively, for example, a UE or sensing device may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for sensing and the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for communication, and discard all PDUs associated with the PDU QoS profile with the lowest importance value (e.g., all PDUs related to sensing or all PDUs related to communication).

[0216] The following describes the operation of discarding communication PDUs from a UE or sensing device when congestion occurs due to communication traffic overload.

[0217] For example, the following procedure may be defined to prioritize the two traffics when congestion or overload occurs between communication service traffic and / or sensing service traffic. For example, a network entity of the core network (e.g., Policy Control Function, Session Management Function, and / or Sensing Function) may receive communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles from an external network (e.g., data network). For example, the core network entity may transmit the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles to a base station (e.g., RAN device) and / or a sensing device (e.g., TRP and / or UE) to perform congestion control of uplink PDUs (e.g., from UE to base station or from sensing device to base station). For example, the base station may transmit communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles received from the core network to the UE or sensing device. For example, the communication PDU QoS profiles and / or sensing PDU QoS profiles for traffic for communication services and sensing services may have PDU Importance values ​​set for each service. For example, when traffic congestion is detected, the UE or sensing device can control traffic congestion by checking the PDU Importance values ​​of the PDU QoS profiles for the two services and discarding the PDU for the service with the lower Importance value.

[0218] FIG. 16 illustrates a processing procedure when a UE or sensing device detects congestion / overload on communication traffic according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0219] In the embodiment of FIG. 16, for example, C-PDU may mean a PDU of a communication service. For example, S-PDU may mean a PDU of a sensing service.

[0220] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 16, for example, when a UE or sensing device detects an overload of communication service traffic, it can resolve the traffic (e.g., uplink traffic) overload by discarding communication service PDUs having a low importance value among the PDUs for communication services. For example, when a UE or sensing device detects traffic congestion, it can control the traffic (e.g., uplink traffic) congestion by comparing the PDU importance values ​​for both services (e.g., sensing service and / or communication) and discarding the PDU for the service having the lowest PDU importance value. For example, there may be cases where multiple services related to sensing and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing and / or multiple services related to communication and PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication are generated. For example, in this case, the UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard the one PDU with the lowest importance value. For example, a UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and discard all PDUs for the service associated with the PDU having the lowest importance value. For example, a UE or sensing device can check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU and, if the PDU having the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to sensing.For example, a UE or sensing device may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for each PDU, and if the PDU with the lowest importance value is one of the PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication, discard all PDUs for each of the multiple services related to communication. Alternatively, for example, a UE or sensing device may check the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for sensing and the PDU importance value of the PDU QoS profile for communication, and discard all PDUs associated with the PDU QoS profile with the lowest importance value (e.g., all PDUs related to sensing or all PDUs related to communication).

[0221] For example, a PDU (traffic) congestion threshold may be defined to enable a base station (e.g., RAN device) and / or a UE (or sensing device) to determine traffic congestion / overload. For example, a base station (e.g., RAN device) and / or a UE (or sensing device) may consider PDU (or traffic) congestion / overload to have occurred if the total number of generated PDUs (or traffic) exceeds the PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold. For example, this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold may be a threshold used commonly for communication service PDUs and sensing service PDUs (e.g., determining traffic congestion to have occurred if the total number of generated sensing PDUs and communication PDUs exceeds the threshold). For example, in this case, a network entity of the core network (e.g., PCF, SMF, SF) may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to the base station, UE, and / or sensing device. For example, a base station may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to the UE and / or sensing device. For example, a core network entity may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to the UE and / or sensing device via the base station. For example, this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold (e.g., a sensing PDU congestion threshold and / or a communication PDU congestion threshold) may be a threshold used independently for communication service PDUs and / or sensing service PDUs (e.g., determining that traffic congestion has occurred for a corresponding service (sensing service and / or communication service) if the total number of PDUs for each service (sensing service and / or communication service) exceeds the threshold).For example, in this case, a network entity of the core network (e.g., PCF, SMF, and / or SF) may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to a base station, UE, and / or sensing device. For example, or a base station may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to a UE and / or sensing device. For example, or a core network entity may set this PDU (or traffic) congestion threshold and transmit it to a UE or sensing device through a base station.

[0222] According to the method proposed in this disclosure, various effects improved compared to the prior art may be achieved, although not limited to those presented in this disclosure. For example, traffic management can be performed effectively. For example, traffic congestion can be alleviated. For example, when traffic congestion occurs, the duration of traffic congestion can be reduced. For example, communication and / or sensing efficiency can be increased. Additionally, for example, communication services and / or sensing services can be managed efficiently.

[0223] For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be extended and applicable to all TRP to TRP monostatic, TRP to TRP bistatic, TRP to UE bistatic, UE to TRP bistatic, UE to UE monostatic, and UE to UE bistatic operations.

[0224] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing device may be interpreted as being replaced with a sensing node, a sensing terminal, a device performing sensing and / or a terminal performing sensing, etc.

[0225] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing function (SF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station, a sensing server, a device managing sensing, and / or a third device, etc.

[0226] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the message may be interpreted as being replaced with a control message, a data message, a signal (signal), a data signal, or a control signal.

[0227] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being substituted for a beam selection operation, a spatial filter selection operation, a beam pairing operation, a spatial filter pairing operation, a beam failure recovery operation, a spatial filter recovery operation, a beam sweeping operation, a spatial filter sweeping operation, a beam switching operation, a spatial filter switching operation, a measurement operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a measurement report operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a beam report operation, or a spatial filter report operation.

[0228] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam can be interpreted as being replaced by a reference signal (RS), an RS resource, or a spatial filter resource.

[0229] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference signal (RS) can be interpreted by being replaced with an RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

[0230] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with a terminal transmitting a beam, a terminal transmitting a beam RS (reference signal), or a terminal transmitting a beam RS (reference signal) resource.

[0231] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with a terminal receiving a beam, a terminal receiving a beam RS (reference signal), or a terminal receiving a beam RS (reference signal) resource.

[0232] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of a reference signal (RS) associated with the transmission beam or resource information of a reference signal (RS) associated with the reception beam.

[0233] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a DCR (direct communication request) and / or DCA (direct communication accept) message may be interpreted as being replaced by a PC5-S DCR and / or PC5-S DCA message, etc.

[0234] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) information and / or QCL (Quasi Co Location) information and / or beam, etc., may refer to each other and may be interpreted as being replaced by beam-related information, beam direction, or spatial domain transmission / reception filter, etc.

[0235] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted as being replaced with a transmitting beam, a receiving beam, a spatial filter, a spatial TX (transmission) filter, a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter, a spatial RX (reception) filter, or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

[0236] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam can be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial TX (transmission) filter or a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter.

[0237] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving beam can be interpreted by replacing it with a spatial RX (reception) filter or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

[0238] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission being identical may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is identical for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception being identical may mean that two different reception signals are in a QCL TypeD relationship and / or have a relationship using the same spatial reception parameter.

[0239] For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the service type (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the priority (LCH or service) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the PQI parameter (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to CBR measurement values ​​of the resource pool. For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL GroupCast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, TX-RX distance-based NACK only feedback). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL Mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL Mode type (e.g., Mode 1 or Mode 2). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to resource pool. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the PSFCH resource is a resource pool where it is configured. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the source (L2) ID. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the destination (L2) ID. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the PC5 RRC connection link.For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL link (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the connection status (e.g., RRC CONNECTED status, IDLE status, INACTIVE status) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL HARQ process (ID) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL DRX operation (of the TX UE or RX UE) (or differently or independently). For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the power saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the case where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs exceeding the UE's capability) (and / or where PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted) from the perspective of a specific UE. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the case where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

[0240] For example, the setting (or designation) wording in the present disclosure may be interpreted in an extended manner, such as a form in which a base station informs a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal informs another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0241] For example, the PSFCH wording in the present disclosure may be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Additionally, the proposed methods of the present disclosure may be combined with each other and extended (in a new form).

[0242] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may refer to a threshold value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may refer to a value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may refer to an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE through MAC CE, or signals to the UE through DCI.

[0243] FIG. 17 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0244] Referring to FIG. 17, at step S1710, the first device may acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles. At step S1720, the first device may acquire a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. At step S1730, the first device may acquire a second PDU associated with a communication service. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. At step S1740, the first device may transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0245] Additionally, for example, the first device can perform sensing of a target area. For example, the first PDU may include data acquired based on the sensing.

[0246] For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that it is a PDU associated with the lower importance value among the first importance value and the second importance value. For example, the first PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the second importance value. For example, the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the first importance value.

[0247] Additionally, for example, the first device may acquire a third PDU associated with a sensing service. For example, the third PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a third importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the first PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is an importance value lower than the third importance value.

[0248] Additionally, for example, the first device may acquire a fourth PDU associated with a communication service. For example, the fourth PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a fourth importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the fourth importance value.

[0249] Additionally, for example, the first device may acquire at least one fifth PDU associated with a sensing service. For example, the first PDU and the at least one fifth PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the second importance value.

[0250] Additionally, for example, the first device may acquire at least one sixth PDU related to a communication service. For example, the second PDU and the at least one sixth PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the first importance value.

[0251] For example, the one or more sensing QoS profiles or the one or more communication QoS profiles may be received from a core network or a base station.

[0252] For example, the congestion may be detected based on PDU traffic being above a threshold. For example, the PDU traffic may include the number of PDUs or the size of the PDUs. For example, the PDU traffic may include PDU traffic related to a sensing service or PDU traffic related to a communication service. For example, the threshold may be set independently for each service.

[0253] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) of the first device (100) to acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the first device (100) to acquire a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the first device (100) to acquire a second PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a communication service. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) of the first device (100) to transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0254] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: acquire one or more sensing Quality of Service (QoS) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; acquire a first Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; and acquire a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. Based on detecting congestion, the first PDU or the second PDU may be transmitted. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0255] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles based on execution by the at least one processor; acquire a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; acquire a second PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0256] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire one or more sensing Quality of Service (QoS) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; acquire a first Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; acquire a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a communication service, wherein the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and transmit the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion. For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0257] FIG. 18 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1810, the second device may transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles. In step S1820, the second device may receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service or a second PDU associated with a communication service based on the detection of congestion. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0259] For example, the first PDU may include data obtained based on sensing by the first device.

[0260] For example, at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that it is a PDU associated with the lower importance value among the first importance value and the second importance value. For example, the first PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the second importance value. For example, the first PDU and at least one fifth PDU associated with a sensing service may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the second importance value. For example, the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the first importance value. For example, the second PDU and at least one sixth PDU associated with a communication service may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the first importance value.

[0261] For example, the first PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is the lowest importance value among a plurality of importance values ​​related to the sensing service.

[0262] For example, the second PDU may be discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is the lowest importance value among a plurality of importance values ​​related to communication services.

[0263] For example, the one or more sensing QoS profiles or the one or more communication QoS profiles may be received from a core network.

[0264] For example, the congestion may be detected based on PDU traffic being above a threshold. For example, the PDU traffic may include the number of PDUs or the size of the PDUs. For example, the PDU traffic may include PDU traffic related to a sensing service or PDU traffic related to a communication service. For example, the threshold may be set independently for each service.

[0265] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (202) of a second device (200) may control a transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles. Then, based on the detection of congestion, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control a transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service or a second PDU related to a communication service. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0266] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on execution by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; and, based on the detection of congestion, to receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service or a second PDU associated with a communication service. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0267] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, it may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on execution by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; and, based on the detection of congestion, to receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service or a second PDU associated with a communication service. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0268] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a second device to: transmit one or more sensing Quality of Service (QoS) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; and receive a first Packet Data Unit (PDU) associated with a sensing service or a second PDU associated with a communication service based on the detection of congestion. For example, the first PDU may be associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU may be associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles. For example, the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs may be discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

[0269] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0270] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0271] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0272] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0273] FIG. 19 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0274] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0275] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0276] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0277] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0278] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0279] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0280] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0281] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0282] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0283] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0284] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0285] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0286] FIG. 21 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0287] Referring to FIG. 21, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 21 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. The hardware elements of FIG. 21 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20.

[0288] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 21. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0289] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0290] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0291] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 21. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 20) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0292] FIG. 22 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 19). The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0293] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 20. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0294] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0295] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0296] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 22 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0297] FIG. 23 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0298] Referring to FIG. 23, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 22.

[0299] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0300] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0301] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device acquires one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; The first device acquires a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) associated with a sensing service, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; The first device acquires a second PDU related to a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and The first device comprises the step of transmitting the first PDU or the second PDU based on detecting congestion; A method in which at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of the first device performing sensing of a target area.

3. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the first PDU above includes data acquired based on the sensing.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method of discarding, based on the fact that at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU is a PDU associated with the lower importance value among the first importance value and the second importance value.

5. In Paragraph 1, The first device further comprises the step of acquiring a third PDU associated with a sensing service, wherein the third PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a third importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; A method in which the first PDU is discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the third importance value.

6. In Paragraph 1, The first device further comprises the step of acquiring a fourth PDU related to a communication service, wherein the fourth PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a fourth importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; A method in which the above-mentioned second PDU is discarded based on the fact that the above-mentioned second importance value is lower than the above-mentioned fourth importance value.

7. In Paragraph 1, The above first device further comprises the step of acquiring at least one fifth PDU associated with a sensing service; wherein A method in which the first PDU and at least one fifth PDU are discarded based on the fact that the first importance value is lower than the second importance value.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned first device further comprises the step of acquiring at least one sixth PDU related to a communication service; wherein A method in which the above-mentioned second PDU and the above-mentioned at least one sixth PDU are discarded based on the fact that the second importance value is lower than the first importance value.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which one or more sensing QoS profiles or one or more communication QoS profiles are received from a core network or a base station.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above congestion is detected based on PDU traffic being above a threshold value.

11. In Paragraph 10, The above PDU traffic includes the number or size of PDUs, a method.

12. In Paragraph 10, A method in which the above PDU traffic includes PDU traffic related to a sensing service or PDU traffic related to a communication service.

13. In Paragraph 12, The above threshold value is set independently for each service, a method.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; A first Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a sensing service is obtained, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; Acquiring a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and Based on detecting congestion, the first PDU or the second PDU is transmitted; At least one of the first PDU or the second PDU is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value, a first device.

15. In a processing device configured to control a first device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; A first Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a sensing service is obtained, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; Acquiring a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and Based on detecting congestion, the first PDU or the second PDU is transmitted; A processing device in which at least one of the first PDU or the second PDU is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: Acquire one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; A first Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a sensing service is obtained, wherein the first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles; Acquiring a second Packet Data Unit (PDU) related to a communication service, wherein the second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles; and Based on detecting congestion, the first PDU or the second PDU is transmitted; At least one of the first PDU or the second PDU is a non-transient computer-readable storage medium that is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

17. Regarding the method, The second device transmits one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; The second device comprises the step of receiving a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service or a second PDU related to a communication service based on the detection of congestion; The first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles, and The second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles, and A method in which the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; Based on the detection of congestion, receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service or a second PDU related to a communication service; The first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles, and The second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles, and The second device, wherein the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

19. In a processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; Based on the detection of congestion, receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service or a second PDU related to a communication service; The first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles, and The second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles, and A processing device in which the second PDU or at least one of the second PDUs is discarded based on the first importance value or the second importance value.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: To transmit one or more sensing QoS (Quality of Service) profiles and one or more communication QoS profiles; Based on the detection of congestion, receive a first PDU (Packet Data Unit) related to a sensing service or a second PDU related to a communication service; The first PDU is associated with a sensing QoS profile set to a first importance value among the one or more sensing QoS profiles, and The second PDU is associated with a communication QoS profile set to a second importance value among the one or more communication QoS profiles, and The above-mentioned second PDU or at least one of the above-mentioned second PDUs is a non-transient computer-readable storage medium that is discarded based on the above-mentioned first importance value or the above-mentioned second importance value.

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