Ambient internet of things (a-IOT) resource handling across device connection state transitions
By integrating validity information with A-IoT resource configurations, the inefficiencies in managing A-IoT resources during connection state transitions are addressed, improving resource management efficiency and reducing latency and signaling overhead.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems inefficiently manage ambient internet of things (A-IoT) resources during device connection state transitions, leading to resource wastage and increased signaling overhead.
Incorporating validity information with A-IoT resource configurations to determine resource validity across different connection states, allowing devices to maintain or release resources based on this information, reducing the need for re-configuration and signaling.
Enhances resource management efficiency by minimizing signaling overhead and latency, and enabling flexible resource configuration based on time, location, and other parameters.
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Figure CN2024123164_09042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS (A-IOT) RESOURCE HANDLING ACROSS DEVICE CONNECTION STATE TRANSITIONS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including ambient internet of things (A-IoT) resource handling across device connection state transitions.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-APro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a reader device is described. The method may include receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communications, communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration, and communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0006] A reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to receive, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications, communicate, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration, and communicate, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0007] Another reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications, means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration, and means for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications, communicate, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration, and communicate, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0009] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for releasing the set of resources based on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information.
[0010] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, releasing the set of resources may include operations, features, means, or instructions for releasing the set of resources based on a release command received from a network entity, an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device, or both.
[0011] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more third messages that indicate updated validity information and communicating one or more fourth messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid in accordance with the updated validity information.
[0012] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for restarting a validity timer associated with the set of resources based on reception of the updated validity information.
[0013] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a service message that requests communication of the one or more first messages in accordance with the resource configuration and transmitting a message in response to the service message based on the communication of the one or more first messages.
[0014] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of resources configured for the A-IoT communications include at least one of a set of dedicated resources for one or more AIoT devices for the A-IoT communications, a set of periodic resources configured for the A-IoT communications, a set of resources pools including multiple configured resources for the A-IoT communications, a set of time and frequency resources associated with different A-IoT communications, a set of configured resources based on one or more operating criteria associated with the reader device, one or more capabilities of the reader device , one or more capabilities of the A-IoT device, or any combination thereof, and a set of exceptional resource pools configured for the A-IoT communications based on satisfaction of one or more communication link criteria.
[0015] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the validity information includes at least one of an indication of an area in which the set of resources may be valid for use, an indication of a duration of time in which the set of resources may be valid for use, one or more validity rules, one or more validity thresholds, or both.
[0016] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the area in which the set of resources may be valid for use includes one or more cells, one or more tracking areas, one or more radio access network (RAN) -based notification areas, a geographic coverage area, an area bounded by a distance from a reference location, or any combination thereof.
[0017] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the duration of time in which the set of resources may be valid for use may be relative to an initiation of a resource validity timer and the initiation of the resource validity timer may be based on a change in connection state of the reader device, receipt of a configuration for the resource validity timer, satisfaction of one or more event conditions, satisfaction of one or more measurement thresholds, or any combination thereof.
[0018] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more validity rules, the one or more validity thresholds, or both, include at least one of an indication that the set of resources may be valid up to a quantity of cell reselections, an indication that the set of resources may be valid up to a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages, an indication that the set of resources may be invalid subsequent to a change in connection state of the reader device, and an indication of a threshold duration of time in which the set of resources may be valid subsequent to a cell reselection.
[0019] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for refraining from obtaining an updated A-IoT resource configuration while the reader device may be located in the area, during the duration of time, or both.
[0020] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for switching from the first connection state to the second connection state based on a switch command received from a network entity, an expiration of one or more timers, a connection mode evaluation by the reader device, or any combination thereof.
[0021] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the resource configuration includes a first A-IoT configuration of a set of multiple A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control signaling indicative of an instruction to change from the first A-IoT configuration to a second A-IoT configuration and switching to the second A-IoT configuration in accordance with the control signaling.
[0022] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the validity information may be applicable for one or more A-IoT physical channel configurations, one or more A-IoT measurement configurations, one or more layer-2 A-IoT configurations, other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof.
[0023] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first connection state and the second connection state include different radio resource control (RRC) connection states or non-access stratum (NAS) connection states.
[0024] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIGs. 1 and 2 show examples of wireless communications systems that support ambient internet of things (A-IoT) resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIGs. 4 and 5 show block diagrams of devices that support A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIGs. 8 and 9 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] A wireless communications system may support internet of things (IoT) technologies, where a network of devices or objects support embedded sensors, software, and other processing functionalities that allow for communication of data between other wireless devices in the wireless communications system. Some implementations of IoT may include ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices, which are low-cost and low-complexity devices that are primarily powered by harvesting ambient energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other viable ambient energy source, and may operate with or without an in-device battery. For example, an A-IoT device may be a self-sustaining device, which may be assisted by batteries or capacitors, or may be completely battery-free, and powered with ambient energy collected from surrounding ambient sources.
[0032] In an A-IoT deployment, a network entity may configure various resources for use by different devices at the A-IoT air interface, including resources used for communication between a reader device (such as a UE or a “UE reader” ) and a low-power A-IoT device (such as a tag) . For example, the reader device may establish an active radio resource control (RRC) connection with the network entity, and the network entity may configure the reader device with different A-IoT resources via a direct link (e.g., a Uu link or direct connection) between the network entity and the reader device. In some cases, however, the reader device may undergo different RRC state transitions, such as transitions from an RRC active state to an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state. In some such cases, a reader device may release the configured resources after performing RRC state transitions, for example, based on Uu inactivity resultant of a transition from an active state to an idle state. In some cases, however, the reader device may be operating in an RRC inactive or RRC idle while also performing A-IoT communications with A-IoT devices. In such cases, the reader device may still release the A-IoT configured resources based on transitioning between connection states, which may be wasteful or inefficient for the reader device, especially when the A-IoT resources may still be valid for use.
[0033] In order to support efficient resource management for A-IoT resources across connection state transitions, the network entity may be equipped to send validity information associated with the configured A-IoT resources upon configuration of the A-IoT resources, so that the reader device may be able to effectively determine if the A-IoT resources are valid, even after transitioning between different connection states (e.g., RRC states) . For example, the network entity may transmit one or more A-IoT resource configurations to the reader device which include specific A-IoT resource validity information indicating various validity parameters (e.g., a time period in which the resources are valid, locations in which the resources are valid, among other rules and parameters) . The reader device may then communicate, while in a first RRC state, with an A-IoT device using the resource configuration, and then transition to a different RRC state. After transitioning across RRC states, the reader device may check the validity information to see whether the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are valid. If the resources are valid, then the reader device may use the configured A-IoT resources again to communicate with the A-IoT device. If the resources are invalid, the reader device may release the resources.
[0034] Aspects of the disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages. For example, the inclusion of validity information with A-IoT resource configurations may reduce signaling overhead and the need for resource re-configuration (e.g., by the network) based on the occurrence of connection state transitions at a reader device. Additionally, or alternatively, the inclusion of validity information with A-IoT resource configurations may reduce latency since the reader device may forgo receiving new A-IoT configurations after each connection state transition. Additionally, or alternatively, the techniques described herein may allow for more flexible configuration of resources for A-IoT communications, including configuration based on time duration, location, among other parameters.
[0035] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to a process flow, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions.
[0036] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-APro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0037] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0038] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0039] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0040] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0041] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0042] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0043] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0044] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0045] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0046] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0047] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0048] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0049] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0050] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (ΔfmaxTf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0051] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0052] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0053] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0054] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0055] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0056] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0057] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0058] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0059] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0060] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0061] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0062] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0063] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0064] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0065] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0066] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0067] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may support A-IoT technologies including integration of relatively low cost and low complexity devices that have relatively limited signaling components, memory storage, or other circuitry. Some such devices may be utilized for different use cases such as inventory and asset management, sustainable sensor networks in factories, agriculture, and smart home scenarios, among other example use cases. A-IoT deployments may include a system of relatively small transponders, or tags (e.g., microchips) , that may emit an information-bearing signal upon receiving a signal (such as an energy signal transmitted by a network entity 105) . A-IoT devices, in some cases, may be operated with or without an on-device device and with relatively low operating cost (OPEX) , relatively low maintenance cost, and a relatively long life cycle.
[0068] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may support passive A-IoT communications. In such examples, a network entity 105, a UE 115, or another type of reader device may transmit a continuous wave or a carrier wave (or other radio waves) , and one or more A-IoT devices (e.g., devices that operate without internal power or with relatively low internal power) may use the continuous wave to modulate data and perform backscattering communications using the continuous wave.
[0069] In some cases, A-IoT communications may be implemented to various industrial verticals such as machine-type communications (MTC) , ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID, among other communications deployments. For example, MTC and narrow band (NB) -IoT may support reduced capability (RedCap) devices or other low-cost and low-complexity A-IoT devices. In some such deployments, a network entity 105, other UEs 115, or other devices may be capable of reading information from or sending information to an A-IoT devices, providing energy to the A-IoT devices (e.g., via a continuous wave or carrier wave) , and receiving and decoding information-bearing signals from A-IoT devices (e.g., receiving reflected or backscattered signals) .
[0070] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more ambient devices or passive devices, which may in some cases be referred to as UEs 115. Ambient devices may include, but are not limited to, RFID tags, passive IoT devices or A-IoT devices, hybrid devices (semi-passive IoT devices) including, but not limited to, passive and active components, passive components of otherwise active or querying devices (e.g., passive or ambient components of a UE 115 or A-IoT device) , or any combination thereof. For example, in some cases, a UE 115 of the wireless communications system 100 may serve as a passive device, an ambient device, or a reader device. A passive RFID tag may harvest energy over the air (e.g., via a continuous wave transmitted by a reader device) and may use the harvested energy to power transmission and reception circuitry at the device using the harvested energy. For example, the passive RFID device may use backscatter modulation to backscatter, reflect, or transmit a signal to a reader device. In some other examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more semi-passive or active RFID devices, which may include an on-device battery.
[0071] The wireless communications system 100 may support A-IoT device communications for different types of wireless communications (e.g., different industrial verticals, including, but not limited to, MTC, reduced capability devices such as devices with reduced processing capabilities, lower power capabilities, among other capabilities, and other use cases) . Some systems may efficiently support RFID-type sensors, including, but not limited to, A-IoT devices for use cases including, but not limited to, asset management, logistics, warehousing, and manufacturing, among other example implementations.
[0072] The wireless communications system 100 may use wireless power transfer for various scenarios. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may support, or include examples of a wireless power transfer-based wireless sensor network, in which devices may not need manual battery replacement due to devices being powered by one or more different energy sources (e.g., solar power, ambient radio frequency power) . Additionally, a wireless power transfer-based wireless sensor network may have a longer lifetime than a solely battery-based sensor network. The wireless communications system 100 may support, or include examples of, wireless power transfer-based active RFID, which may provide increased range for RFID signaling, and where energy can be gathered over a relatively longer duration than information transfer. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support, or include examples of, wireless power transfer-enabled devices, which may harvest energy from hybrid energy sources, or harvest energy from two or more energy sources.
[0073] Different types of IoT devices or A-IoT devices may have different energy harvesting capabilities. For example, a first A-IoT device may support energy harvesting using a solar-based energy source, a thermal-based energy source, a wireless power transfer source, or other energy collection source. It may be beneficial for a network entity 105 to be aware of the capabilities of different energy harvesting devices for the network entity 105 to perform efficient scheduling and communication. In some examples, the network entity 105 may need to know whether to provide energy to the A-IoT device or not.
[0074] In some examples, A-IoT devices may support relatively short range communications (e.g., less than 10 meters) based on link budget considerations and reduced device capabilities. In addition, the wireless communications system 100 may support different types of IoT devices or tags, which may be configured as passive or ambient devices (e.g., device A, “type A” A-IoT device) , semi-passive or semi-ambient devices (e.g., device B, “type B” A-IoT device) , or active devices (e.g., device C, “type C” A-IoT device) . For example, one example type of A-IoT device may be a passive or ambient tag (e.g., RFID proximity cards, among other devices) , which may receive power through RF energy harvesting, may support response-only communications with a maximum communications distance range of approximately 10 meters, may be relatively low cost (e.g., the lowest cost out of passive, semi-passive and active devices) . In some examples, passive or ambient tags may remain dormant until they receive a radio signal from a reader device. The tag then may use the energy from the reader signal to power on the tag and to reflect an information-carrying signal back to the reader.
[0075] One other example A-IoT device may be a semi-passive tag (e.g., electronic toll devices, pallet tracking device, among other devices) , which may contain a battery, but may not transmit a periodic signal like active tags. Instead, the battery of the semi-passive tag may be turned on when a signal is received, which allows the energy from the reader signal to be reflected back. A semi-passive device may support response-only communications at distance of up to 100 meters or more. Semi-passive devices may be relatively more costly than passive devices.
[0076] One other example A-IoT device may be an active tag (e.g., large-asset tracking devices, livestock tracking devices, among other devices) , which may receive power using an in-device battery. An active tag may respond to or initiate communications for up to 100 meters or greater distances. In some aspects, active tags may be used to track high-value assets, such as equipment in the construction, automobile, or healthcare industries. In some examples, tags may be used to track inventory in a factory setting, where a certain quantity of tags may be scanned per second using a certain quantity of reader devices deployed based on the factory size (e.g., the quantity of reader devices used may be modified based on the square footage or total area of the factory, or based on the quantity of tags deployed) . In some cases, a reader device may scan tags to perform an inventory procedure periodically (e.g., once every configured duration such as once every 15 minutes) , or on-demand (e.g., a reader device may be initiated or instructed to perform an inventory scan) . In some cases, the inventory procedure may also be subject to different latency requirements for completing each inventory round (e.g., such as one second per round, or up to X seconds) .
[0077] Different A-IoT devices may have different energy storage capacities or capabilities. For example, one type of A-IoT device may lack energy storage capabilities. Some other types of A-IoT devices may have energy storage capabilities up to a threshold energy (e.g., up to E1 Joules, up to E2 Joules, where E1 may be different from or the same as E2) . In some other cases, different A-IoT devices may be characterized by whether or not the device has energy storage capabilities (e.g., a device “with energy storage” or a device “without energy storage” ) .
[0078] In some examples, A-IoT devices may be associated with different device classes based on one or more device capabilities, power consumption targets, device use, and the like. One example device class (e.g., device type “1” or “device 1” ) may have a peak power consumption of approximately 1 microwatt, may have energy storage at the device, may utilize an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, may lack a capability for downlink or uplink amplification, and may communicate through backscattering of a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., from a network entity 105 or UE 115) or other low power means of signaling. Another example device class (e.g., device type “2a” or “device 2a” ) may have a peak power consumption of less than or equal to a few hundred microwatts, may have energy storage at the device, may utilize an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm, may have a capability for downlink or uplink amplification, and may communicate through backscattering of a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., from a network entity 105 or UE 115) or other low power means of signaling. Another example device class (e.g., device type “2b” or “device 2b” ) may have a peak power consumption of less than or equal to a few hundred microwatts, may have energy storage at the device, may utilize an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm, may have a capability for downlink or uplink amplification, and may communicate through independent signal generation internally at the device.
[0079] An A-IoT device may be configured in accordance with a device architecture, and may include different device components. In some examples, an A-IoT device may include at least one antenna, for example, a shared antenna that performs RF energy harvesting along with receiving and transmitting D2R and R2D signaling, or separate antennas that perform either RF energy harvesting and receiving and transmitting D2R and R2D signaling. In some examples, the A-IoT device may include an RF energy harvester which may include one or more rectifiers to perform RF signal conversion (e.g., alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) ) .
[0080] In some cases, an A-IoT device (such as the A-IoT device) may be relatively smaller and less costly than a UE 115 or other wireless device that has an on-device power source. In some cases, A-IoT devices may support reduced complexity communications compared to some other communications deployments such as NB-IoT, LTE-M, enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) deployments, among other communications schemes that employ or otherwise support passive ultra-high frequency RFID communications.
[0081] In an A-IoT deployment, a network entity 105 may configure various resources for use by different devices at the A-IoT air interface, including resources used for communication between a reader device (such as a UE 115 or a “UE reader” ) and an A-IoT device. For example, the reader device may establish an active RRC connection with the network entity 105, and the network entity 105 may configure the reader device with different A-IoT resources via a direct link. In some cases, however, the reader device may undergo different RRC state transitions, such as transitions from an RRC active state to an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state. In some such cases, a reader device may release the configured resources after performing RRC state transitions. In some cases, however, the reader device may be operating in an RRC inactive or RRC idle while also performing A-IoT communications with A-IoT devices. In such cases, the reader device may still release the A-IoT configured resources based on transitioning between connection states, which may be wasteful or inefficient for the reader device.
[0082] In order to support efficient resource management for A-IoT resources across connection state transitions, the network entity 105 may be equipped to send validity information associated with the configured A-IoT resources upon configuration of the A-IoT resources, so that the reader device may be able to effectively determine if the A-IoT resources are valid, even after transitioning between different connection states (e.g., RRC states) . For example, the network entity 105 may transmit one or more A-IoT resource configurations to the reader device which include specific A-IoT resource validity information indicating various validity parameters (e.g., a time period in which the resources are valid, locations in which the resources are valid, among other rules and parameters) . The reader device may then communicate, while in a first RRC state, with an A-IoT device using the resource configuration, and then transition to a different RRC state. After transitioning across RRC states, the reader device may check the validity information to see whether the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are valid. If the resources are valid, then the reader device may use the configured A-IoT resources again to communicate with the A-IoT device. If the resources are invalid, the reader device may release the resources.
[0083] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may support A-IoT communications in which a reader device 205 (e.g., a UE reader or another reader device described with reference to FIG. 1) , may communicate directly with a network entity 105-a (which may be an example of a network entity 105 described with reference to FIG. 1) , and may also transmit a continuous wave or a carrier wave via a reader-to-device (R2D) link 220 (e.g., a forward link or another wireless link) so that one or more ambient devices such as an A-IoT device 210 may use the continuous wave to modulate data and perform backscattering communications to communicate with the reader via a device-to-reader (D2R) link 215 (e.g., a backward link, a backscattering link) .
[0084] The A-IoT device 210 may be a type of IoT device (e.g., tags, sensors) that is primarily powered by harvesting ambient energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other viable ambient energy source, with or without an in-device battery. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may be associated with a class of low-complexity devices that are lower cost, smaller, and lower maintenance relative to other IoT devices, which may allow for improved scalability and improved system efficiency. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may be a self-sustaining device, assisted by batteries or capacitors, and powered with ambient signaling (e.g., incident RF sources) from reader devices (such as the reader device 205) . For example, the A-IoT device 210 may support backscattering (e.g., backscatter modulation) of an incident signal transmitted from the reader device 205 via the (e.g., carrier wave signals, continuous wave signals) , where the A-IoT device 210 may send data to the reader device 205 by backscattering the continuous wave.
[0085] The wireless communications system 200 may support different A-IoT topologies. For example, in a first topology (e.g., Topology 1) the network entity 105-amay function as a reader device, and may transmit communications (including carrier wave or continuous wave signals) for backscattering by the A-IoT device 210 and may communicate directly with the A-IoT device 210. Additionally, or alternatively, in a second topology (e.g., Topology 2) , a UE may function as a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) and may transmit communications (including carrier wave or continuous wave signals) for backscattering by the A-IoT device 210. In some implementations of the second topology, the reader device 205 function as an intermediate node between the network entity 105-a and the A-IoT device 210. For example, the reader device 205 may communicate directly with the network entity 105-a via a direct link (e.g., a Uu link or via a Uu interface) , and may also communicate with the A-IoT device 210 via a different link (e.g., an R2D link, a D2R link) .
[0086] In some aspects, the reader device 205 may be referred to a “UE reader, ” which may be a UE (such as a UE 115 described with reference to FIG. 1) that has reader functionalities (e.g., a UE reader such as the reader device 205 may communicate with one or more A-IoT devices via a R2D link and a D2R link. In some examples, the reader device 205 may be additionally or alternatively be referred to as a “UE-based reader” or a “reader UE. ” In some examples, the reader device 205 may be an example of another intermediate node (such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) mobile terminal) supporting direct connectivity (e.g., Uu link connectivity) , among other reader functionalities.
[0087] The network entity 105-a may be an example of a network device capable of configuring and transmitting one or more A-IoT resource configurations (and other A-IoT related information) to the reader device 205. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may be a radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., a gNB) , a core-network entity such as an A-IoT controller, or another network entity such as an operations and management (OAM) entity. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the reader device 205 via different layer signaling (e.g., layer-1 (L1) signaling, layer-2 (L2) signaling, layer-3 (L3) signaling, or any combination thereof) .
[0088] In some aspects, the network entity 105-a may configure (e.g., be in control of) resources used by the A-IoT air interface for communications using both the first and second A-IoT topologies. The network entity 105-a may support different types of radio resource allocation for A-IoT resources. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may dynamically indicate A-IoT resources for use by the reader device 205 and the A-IoT device 210 (e.g., based on a request transmitted to the network entity 105-aby the reader device 205) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may semi-statically indicate resources for use by the reader device 205 and the A-IoT device 210. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may configure and indicate a set of dedicated A-IoT resources (e.g., a pool of resources) for selection by the reader device 205.
[0089] The reader device 205 may establish an active connection with the network entity 105-a, and the network entity 105-a may configure the reader device 205 with different A-IoT resources via a direct link (e.g., a Uu link or direct connection) between the network entity 105-a and the reader device 205. For example, the reader device may be operating in accordance with different RRC states, and may support A-IoT communications in any RRC state using the configured A-IoT resources. In some cases, however, the reader device 205 may undergo one or more different RRC state transitions 225, such as transitions from an RRC active state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) to an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC_IDLE) or an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) . In some cases, the reader device 205 may “release” configured resources for direct link communications (e.g., Uu link resources) , for sidelink communications (e.g., configured PC5 resources including mode-1 PC5 resources) after transitioning between different RRC states. In some cases, however, reader device 205 may perform one or more different RRC state transitions 225 such as transitioning to an RRC inactive state or RRC idle state from an RRC active state while also performing A-IoT communications with the A-IoT device 210 (e.g., since the time scales of Uu communications and A-IoT communications are different) . In such cases, the reader device 205 may still release the A-IoT configured resources based on transitioning to the idle and inactive state (and based on apparent inactivity of the Uu link) , which may be wasteful or inefficient for the reader device 205, especially when the A-IoT resources may still be valid for use.
[0090] In order to support efficient resource management for A-IoT resources across RRC state transitions, the network entity 105-a may transmit one or more A-IoT resource configurations 230 with validity information 235 associated with the one or more A-IoT resource configurations 230, so that the reader device 205 may effectively determine whether A-IoT resources are valid even after transitioning between RRC connection states. Specifically, the network entity may transmit the one or more A-IoT resource configurations 230 to the reader device 205, including configured A-IoT resources and specific A-IoT resource validity information for the A-IoT resources. In some examples, the validity information may include different validity parameters (e.g., a time period in which the A-IoT resources may be valid for, locations in which the resources are valid, different validity thresholds that may be met, among other rules and parameters) . The reader device 205 may then communicate, while in a first RRC state, with the A-IoT device 210 using the resource configuration, and then undergo one or more different RRC state transitions 225 to transition to a different RRC state. After transitioning between RRC states, the reader device 205 may check the validity information to see whether the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are valid. In one example, if the reader device 205 determines that the resources configured by the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are valid based on the validity information, the reader device 205 may use the resources to communicate with the A-IoT device. In another example, if the reader device 205 determines that the resources configured by the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are invalid based on the validity information, the reader device 205 may release the resources.
[0091] Although some aspects disclosed herein are described as being performed by an A-IoT device (e.g., an A-IoT device 210, an A-IoT device 310) for illustrative purposes, it should be understood that such aspects may be said to performed by any type of tag device without exceeding the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, the features and operations described herein from the perspective of an A-IoT device may be performed by any tag device of one or more of various systems. Accordingly, the terms A-IoT device and tag device may be used interchangeably.
[0092] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow 300 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the process flow 300 may illustrate communications between a reader device 305 (which may be an example of reader devices described with reference to FIGs 1 and 2) , an A-IoT device 310, (which may be an example of an A-IoT device described with reference to FIGs 1 and 2) , and a network entity 105-b (which may be an example of a network entity 105 described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2) .
[0093] Alternative examples of the following may be implemented. Some steps are performed in a different order than described herein or are not performed at all. In some implementations, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added. Further, although an A-IoT device 310, the reader device 305, and the network entity 105-b are illustrated performing the operations of the process flow 300, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless communication devices.
[0094] At 315, the reader device 305 may operate in accordance with a first connection state (such as a first RRC connection state, an RRC active state with an active Uu connection with the network entity 105-b) .
[0095] At 320, the reader device 305 may transmit, via a direct link (e.g., a Uu link) from the network entity 105-b, A-IoT related information including a request for A-IoT resources for communication between the reader device 305 and the A-IoT device 310. In some examples, the A-IoT related information may include one or more scheduling requests or requests for A-IoT resource configurations configured by the network entity 105-b.
[0096] At 325, the network entity 105-b may output (e.g., transmit) , to the reader device 305, one or more A-IoT resource configurations that the reader device 305 may use for performing A-IoT communications with the A-IoT device 310, and A-IoT resource validity information associated with the one or more A-IoT resource configurations. In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may include one or more specific A-IoT resources (e.g., one time configured resources or resources, resources configured for specific use by the reader device 305, non-periodic resources) . In cases that the reader device 305 is configured with multiple A-IoT resource configurations, the network entity 105-b may activate, deactivate, or switch between the multiple A-IoT resource configurations at any time using different signaling (e.g., L1 signaling, L2 signaling, L3 signaling) . For example, a set of one or more A-IoT resource configurations may indicate one or more time-frequency resources to use for A-IOT communication.
[0097] In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may include periodically configured resources (e.g., configured-grant type resources, multiple A-IoT resource occasions configured by a single resource configuration message) . In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may indicate specific resources that the reader device 305 may use for A-IoT communications (e.g., specific resources configuring the R2D and D2R links) . Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may indicate one or more resource pools within which the reader device 305 may select a specific A-IoT resource for performing A-IoT communications with the A-IoT device 310. For example, the reader device 305 may perform random selection of an A-IoT resource from the one or more resource pools, or the reader device may perform resource sensing to select an A-IoT resource from the one or more resource pools (e.g., the reader device 305 may perform sensing to determine an available resource) .
[0098] In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may include time and frequency resources that the reader device 305 may utilize for A-IoT communications with the A-IoT device 310. In some aspects, the network entity 105-b may separately indicate different A-IoT resources for the R2D link, for the D2R link, for the continuous wave-to-device (CW2D) link, or may indicate a shared or common resource for the R2D link, the D2R link, and the CW2D link (or a combination of separate resources and common resources) . In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may include multiple criteria-specific A-IoT configurations which may be applicable based on one or more criteria. For example, one or more A-IoT configurations may be applicable based on speed of the reader device 305 or the A-IoT device 310 (e.g., low vs high speed) or capabilities of the reader device 305 or the A-IoT device 310 (e.g., 1 receiver (Rx) vs. 2 Rx or more capabilities) , the type of reader device or operating mode of the reader device 305 (e.g., terrestrial network devices vs. non-terrestrial network devices, Redcap devices vs. non-RedCap devices, aerial reader devices vs ground reader devices) . In some examples, the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may include “exceptional” resource pools or special resources that may be applicable or available for use by the reader device 305 for A-IoT communication based on satisfaction of one or more circumstances. For example, the A-IoT resource configurations may be available based on previous beam failure (or Uu radio link failure, handover, or link reestablishment) .
[0099] In some aspects, the validity information may include information that the reader device 305 may use to determine whether the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are still valid (e.g., after RRC state transitions, after an elapsed time duration, after movement of the reader device 305, among other changes) . For example, the validity information may include information regarding a validity area applicable for the one or more A-IoT resource configurations. For example, the validity area may indicate a list of one or more cells, a current serving cell (e.g., “only the current serving cell” ) , one or more tracking areas, one or more RAN-based notification areas, a geographical area, a distance from a reference location or an area surrounding a reference location, an area with a radius, or any combination thereof.
[0100] In some examples, the validity information may include a resource validity time, which may indicate a duration of time (e.g., a threshold duration of time) in which the one or more A-IoT configurations remain valid after initiation of a resource validity timer. For example, the reader device 305 may start a resource validity timer after each RRC state transition, after receiving a configuration including the resource validity time, after a certain event is met (e.g., after moving a distance, after a threshold time, or based on one or more measurements) , or any combination thereof. In some cases, the reader device 305 may not need to acquire a new A-IoT resource configuration while moving within the validity area or while operating during the validity time. For example, the reader device 305 may not acquire or read (or be expected to acquire or read) new system information (e.g., a new system information block (SIB) ) to obtain a new A-IoT resource configuration while moving within the validity area or while operating during the validity time.
[0101] In some examples, the validity information may indicate one or more rules regarding the validity of the one or more A-IoT resource configurations. For example, the validity information may indicate that the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may be invalid following a threshold quantity of cell selections or reselections (e.g., N cell selections or reselections) by the reader device 305. Additionally, or alternatively, the validity information may indicate that the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may be valid for a threshold duration following a cell selection or reselection (e.g., to avoid frequent release of resources after cell selection or reselection) . In some examples, the validity information may indicate that the one or more A-IoT configurations may be invalid following a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages (e.g., X total D2R / R2D messages, X D2R messages, X R2D messages) . In some examples, the validity information may indicate that the one or more A-IoT resource configurations may be invalid after connection state changes (e.g., RRC state changes) performed by the reader device 305.
[0102] In some cases, the reader device 305 may receive separate signaling (e.g., one or more separate messages) that include updated or new information regarding the resource validity. In such cases, the updated or new information may override any previously provided validity information, and the reader device 305 may restart the validity timer based on receiving the updated or new information. Additionally, or alternatively, the validity information or validity rules (e.g., the validity area, the validity timer) may be applicable to other A-IoT configurations received by the reader device 305. For example, the validity information may apply to different A-IoT physical channel configurations, A-IoT measurement configurations, A-IoT L2 configurations, among other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof.
[0103] At 330, the network entity 105-b may output (e.g., transmit) , and the reader device 305 may receive, an A-IoT service message such as an A-IoT inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or both, which may instruct or trigger the reader device 305 to perform A-IoT communications with the A-IoT device 310.
[0104] At 335, responsive to the A-IoT service message, the reader device 305 may perform A-IoT communications (e.g., via an R2D link, a D2R link) using the one or more A-IoT resource configurations and based on the validity information.
[0105] At 340, the reader device 305 may switch to from the first connection state to a second connection state (e.g., a second RRC connection state such as an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state) . For example, the reader device 305 may, in some cases, receive one or more messages from the network entity 105-b that command or instruct the reader device 305 to transition from a first RRC state to a second RRC state (e.g., from RRC active to RRC idle, or vice versa) , such as an RRC release message (e.g., RRCRelease or other release command) . Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 305 may autonomously transition from the first RRC state to the second RRC state based on one or more criteria being met, such as inactivity of the reader device 305 or low power of the reader device 305.
[0106] At 345, based on transitioning from the first RRC state to the second RRC state, the reader device 305 may check the validity of the one or more A-IoT resource configurations using the validity information. If the reader device 305 determines, based on the validity information, that the one or more A-IoT resources are still valid, at 350, the reader device 305 may continue to perform A-IoT communication with the A-IoT device 310 using the one or more A-IoT configurations received prior to the RRC state transition.
[0107] At 355, the reader device 305 may switch from the second connection state back to the first connection state (e.g., the reader device 305 may transition from RRC idle to RRC active) , and at 360 may transmit a response to the A-IoT service message via the direct link with the network entity 105-b.
[0108] After performing the connection state transition (e.g., transitioning from the second connection state back to the first connection state) the reader device 305 may again check the validity information to determine whether the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are valid. If the reader device 305 determines that the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are still valid based on the validity information, the reader device 305 may continue communications with the A-IoT device using the one or more A-IoT resource configurations. If the reader device 305 determines that the one or more A-IoT resource configurations are no longer valid based on the validity information at 365, the reader device may release the one or more A-IoT resource configurations. In some implementations, the reader device 305 may release the A-IoT resource configurations autonomously (e.g., based on an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device 305, or based on a configuration provided by the network entity 105-b) , or the reader device 305 may receive instruction signaling (e.g., explicit instruction) from the network entity 105-b to release the A-IoT resource configurations, or both. In some cases that the reader device 305 releases the one or more A-IoT resource configurations autonomously, the reader device 305 may inform (e.g., via uplink signaling) the network entity 105-athat the one or more A-IoT resource configurations have been released.
[0109] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram 400 of a device 405 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 405 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 (e.g., a UE reader or reader device) as described herein. The device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communications manager 420. The device 405, or one or more components of the device 405 (e.g., the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, the communications manager 420) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0110] The receiver 410 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 405. The receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0111] The transmitter 415 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 405. For example, the transmitter 415 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions) . In some examples, the transmitter 415 may be co-located with a receiver 410 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 415 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0112] The communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0113] In some examples, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0114] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0115] In some examples, the communications manager 420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both. For example, the communications manager 420 may receive information from the receiver 410, send information to the transmitter 415, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0116] The communications manager 420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. The communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0117] By including or configuring the communications manager 420 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 405 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, the communications manager 420, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources including A-IoT resources and A-IoT resource configurations.
[0118] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a device 405 or a UE 115 (e.g., a UE reader or reader device) as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0119] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0120] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0121] The device 505, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520 may include an A-IoT resource configuration component 525 an A-IoT communications component 530, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 520 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 520, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0122] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The A-IoT resource configuration component 525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The A-IoT communications component 530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. The A-IoT communications component 530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0123] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a communications manager 620 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 420, a communications manager 520, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include an A-IoT resource configuration component 625, an A-IoT communications component 630, an A-IoT resource validity evaluation component 635, a connection state transition component 640, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0124] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The A-IoT communications component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. In some examples, the A-IoT communications component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0125] In some examples, the A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for releasing the set of resources based on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information. In some examples, to support releasing the set of resources, the A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for releasing the set of resources based on a release command received from a network entity, an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device, or both.
[0126] In some examples, the A-IoT resource validity evaluation component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more third messages that indicate updated validity information. In some examples, the A-IoT communications component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating one or more fourth messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid in accordance with the updated validity information. In some examples, the A-IoT resource validity evaluation component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for restarting a validity timer associated with the set of resources based on reception of the updated validity information.
[0127] In some examples, the A-IoT communications component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a service message that requests communication of the one or more first messages in accordance with the resource configuration. In some examples, the A-IoT communications component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a message in response to the service message based on the communication of the one or more first messages.
[0128] In some examples, the set of resources configured for the A-IoT communications include at least one of a set of dedicated resources for one or more A-IoT devices for the A-IoT communications, a set of periodic resources configured for the A-IoT communications, a set of resources pools including multiple configured resources for the A-IoT communications, a set of time and frequency resources associated with different A-IoT communications, a set of configured resources based on one or more operating criteria associated with the reader device, one or more capabilities of the reader device, one or more capabilities of the A-IoT device, or any combination thereof, and a set of exceptional resource pools configured for the A-IoT communications based on satisfaction of one or more communication link criteria.
[0129] In some examples, the validity information includes at least one of an indication of an area in which the set of resources are valid for use, an indication of a duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use, one or more validity rules, one or more validity thresholds, or both. In some examples, the area in which the set of resources are valid for use includes one or more cells, one or more tracking areas, one or more radio access network-based notification areas, a geographic coverage area, an area bounded by a distance from a reference location, or any combination thereof.
[0130] In some examples, the duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use is relative to an initiation of a resource validity timer. In some examples, the initiation of the resource validity timer is based on a change in connection state of the reader device, receipt of a configuration for the resource validity timer, satisfaction of one or more event conditions, satisfaction of one or more measurement thresholds, or any combination thereof.
[0131] In some examples, the one or more validity rules, the one or more validity thresholds, or both, include at least one of an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a quantity of cell reselections, an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages, an indication that the set of resources are invalid subsequent to a change in connection state of the reader device, and an indication of a threshold duration of time in which the set of resources are valid subsequent to a cell reselection.
[0132] In some examples, the A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for refraining from obtaining an updated A-IoT resource configuration while the reader device is located in the area, during the duration of time, or both. In some examples, the connection state transition component 640 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching from the first connection state to the second connection state based on a switch command received from a network entity, an expiration of one or more timers, a connection mode evaluation by the reader device, or any combination thereof.
[0133] In some examples, the resource configuration includes a first A-IoT configuration of a set of multiple A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device, and the A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling indicative of an instruction to change from the first A-IoT configuration to a second A-IoT configuration. In some examples, the resource configuration includes a first A-IoT configuration of a set of multiple A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device, and the A-IoT resource configuration component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching to the second A-IoT configuration in accordance with the control signaling.
[0134] In some examples, the validity information is applicable for one or more A-IoT physical channel configurations, one or more A-IoT measurement configurations, one or more layer-2 A-IoT configurations, other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the first connection state and the second connection state include different RRC connection states or non-access stratum (NAS) connection states.
[0135] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a system 700 including a device 705 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of or include components of a device 405, a device 505, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, UE reader devices, A-IoT devices, or a combination thereof) . The device 705 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 720, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 710, a transceiver 715, one or more antennas 725, at least one memory 730, code 735, and at least one processor 740. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 745) .
[0136] The I / O controller 710 may manage input and output signals for the device 705. The I / O controller 710 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 705. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 710 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 740. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 705 via the I / O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 710.
[0137] In some cases, the device 705 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 705 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 715 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 725 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 715 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 715 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 725 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 725. The transceiver 715, or the transceiver 715 and one or more antennas 725, may be an example of a transmitter 415, a transmitter 515, a receiver 410, a receiver 510, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0138] The at least one memory 730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 735. The code 735 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 740, cause the device 705 to perform various functions described herein. The code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 735 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 740 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 730 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0139] The at least one processor 740 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 740 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 740. The at least one processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 730) to cause the device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions) . For example, the device 705 or a component of the device 705 may include at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 coupled with or to the at least one processor 740, the at least one processor 740 and the at least one memory 730 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0140] In some examples, the at least one processor 740 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 730 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 740 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 740) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 730) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 740 or a processing system including the at least one processor 740 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 705 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 735 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 730 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0142] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources including A-IoT resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved utilization of processing capability, reduced signaling overhead, improved efficiency for resource handling across RRC state transitions, and increased resource flexibility for A-IoT communications.
[0143] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 715, the one or more antennas 725, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 720 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 720 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 740, the at least one memory 730, the code 735, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 735 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 740 to cause the device 705 to perform various aspects of A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions as described herein, or the at least one processor 740 and the at least one memory 730 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0144] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 800 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a UE 115 (e.g., a UE reader or reader device) as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0145] At 805, the method may include receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by an A-IoT resource configuration component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0146] At 810, the method may include communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by an A-IoT communications component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0147] At 815, the method may include communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources. The operations of 815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 815 may be performed by an A-IoT communications component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0148] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 900 that supports A-IoT resource handling across device connection state transitions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a UE 115 (e.g., a UE reader or reader device) as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0149] At 905, the method may include receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by an A-IoT resource configuration component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0150] At 910, the method may include communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by an A-IoT communications component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0151] At 915, the method may include communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources. The operations of 915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by an A-IoT communications component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0152] At 920, the method may include releasing the set of resources based on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by an A-IoT resource configuration component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed at or by a reader device (e.g., a UE reader) described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3.
[0153] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0154] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising: receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for A-IoT communications; communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration; and communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
[0155] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: releasing the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information.
[0156] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein releasing the set of resources comprises: releasing the set of resources based at least in part on a release command received from a network entity, an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device, or both.
[0157] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: receiving one or more third messages that indicate updated validity information; and communicating one or more fourth messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid in accordance with the updated validity information.
[0158] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, further comprising: restarting a validity timer associated with the set of resources based at least in part on reception of the updated validity information.
[0159] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: receiving a service message that requests communication of the one or more first messages in accordance with the resource configuration; and transmitting a message in response to the service message based at least in part on the communication of the one or more first messages.
[0160] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the set of resources configured for the A-IoT communications comprise at least one of a set of dedicated resources for one or more AIoT devices for the A-IoT communications, a set of periodic resources configured for the A-IoT communications, a set of resources pools comprising multiple configured resources for the A-IoT communications, a set of time and frequency resources associated with different A-IoT communications, a set of configured resources based at least in part on one or more operating criteria associated with the reader device, one or more capabilities of the reader device , one or more capabilities of the A-IoT device, or any combination thereof, and a set of exceptional resource pools configured for the A-IoT communications based at least in part on satisfaction of one or more communication link criteria.
[0161] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the validity information comprises at least one of an indication of an area in which the set of resources are valid for use, an indication of a duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use, one or more validity rules, one or more validity thresholds, or both.
[0162] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein the area in which the set of resources are valid for use comprises one or more cells, one or more tracking areas, one or more RAN-based notification areas, a geographic coverage area, an area bounded by a distance from a reference location, or any combination thereof.
[0163] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 8 through 9, wherein the duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use is relative to an initiation of a resource validity timer, the initiation of the resource validity timer is based at least in part on a change in connection state of the reader device, receipt of a configuration for the resource validity timer, satisfaction of one or more event conditions, satisfaction of one or more measurement thresholds, or any combination thereof.
[0164] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 8 through 10, wherein the one or more validity rules, the one or more validity thresholds, or both, comprise at least one of an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a quantity of cell reselections, an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages, an indication that the set of resources are invalid subsequent to a change in connection state of the reader device, and an indication of a threshold duration of time in which the set of resources are valid subsequent to a cell reselection.
[0165] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 8 through 11, further comprising: refraining from obtaining an updated A-IoT resource configuration while the reader device is located in the area, during the duration of time, or both.
[0166] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, further comprising: switching from the first connection state to the second connection state based at least in part on a switch command received from a network entity, an expiration of one or more timers, a connection mode evaluation by the reader device, or any combination thereof.
[0167] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the resource configuration comprises a first A-IoT configuration of a plurality of A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device, the method further comprising: receiving control signaling indicative of an instruction to change from the first A-IoT configuration to a second A-IoT configuration; and switching to the second A-IoT configuration in accordance with the control signaling.
[0168] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 1 through 14, wherein the validity information is applicable for one or more A-IoT physical channel configurations, one or more A-IoT measurement configurations, one or more layer-2 A-IoT configurations, other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof.
[0169] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 1 through 15, wherein the first connection state and the second connection state comprise different RRC connection states or NAS connection states.
[0170] Aspect 17: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0171] Aspect 18: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0172] Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 16.
[0173] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0174] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0175] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0176] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0177] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0178] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0179] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0180] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0181] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0182] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0183] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0184] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communications;communicate, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration; andcommunicate, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.2.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:release the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information.3.The reader device of claim 2, wherein, to release the set of resources, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:release the set of resources based at least in part on a release command received from a network entity, an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device, or both.4.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive one or more third messages that indicate updated validity information; andcommunicate one or more fourth messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid in accordance with the updated validity information.5.The reader device of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:restart a validity timer associated with the set of resources based at least in part on reception of the updated validity information.6.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive a service message that requests communication of the one or more first messages in accordance with the resource configuration; andtransmit a message in response to the service message based at least in part on the communication of the one or more first messages.7.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the set of resources configured for the A-IoT communications comprise at least one of:a set of dedicated resources for one or more A-IoT devices for the A-IoT communications;a set of periodic resources configured for the A-IoT communications;a set of resources pools comprising multiple configured resources for the A-IoT communications;a set of time and frequency resources associated with different A-IoT communications;a set of configured resources based at least in part on one or more operating criteria associated with the reader device, one or more capabilities of the reader device, one or more capabilities of the A-IoT device, or any combination thereof; anda set of exceptional resource pools configured for the A-IoT communications based at least in part on satisfaction of one or more communication link criteria.8.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the validity information comprises at least one of:an indication of an area in which the set of resources are valid for use;an indication of a duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use; andone or more validity rules, one or more validity thresholds, or both.9.The reader device of claim 8, wherein the area in which the set of resources are valid for use comprises one or more cells, one or more tracking areas, one or more radio access network-based notification areas, a geographic coverage area, an area bounded by a distance from a reference location, or any combination thereof.10.The reader device of claim 8, wherein the duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use is relative to an initiation of a resource validity timer, wherein the initiation of the resource validity timer is based at least in part on a change in connection state of the reader device, receipt of a configuration for the resource validity timer, satisfaction of one or more event conditions, satisfaction of one or more measurement thresholds, or any combination thereof.11.The reader device of claim 8, wherein the one or more validity rules, the one or more validity thresholds, or both, comprise at least one of:an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a quantity of cell reselections;an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages;an indication that the set of resources are invalid subsequent to a change in connection state of the reader device; andan indication of a threshold duration of time in which the set of resources are valid subsequent to a cell reselection.12.The reader device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:refrain from obtaining an updated A-IoT resource configuration while the reader device is located in the area, during the duration of time, or both.13.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:switch from the first connection state to the second connection state based at least in part on a switch command received from a network entity, an expiration of one or more timers, a connection mode evaluation by the reader device, or any combination thereof.14.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the resource configuration comprises a first A-IoT configuration of a plurality of A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device, and the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive control signaling indicative of an instruction to change from the first A-IoT configuration to a second A-IoT configuration; andswitch to the second A-IoT configuration in accordance with the control signaling.15.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the validity information is applicable for one or more A-IoT physical channel configurations, one or more A-IoT measurement configurations, one or more layer-2 A-IoT configurations, other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof.16.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the first connection state and the second connection state comprise different radio resource control (RRC) connection states or non-access stratum (NAS) connection states.17.A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising:receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communications;communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration; andcommunicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:releasing the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being invalid at a third time in accordance with the validity information.19.The method of claim 18, wherein releasing the set of resources comprises:releasing the set of resources based at least in part on a release command received from a network entity, an evaluation of the validity information by the reader device, or both.20.The method of claim 17, further comprising:receiving one or more third messages that indicate updated validity information; andcommunicating one or more fourth messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid in accordance with the updated validity information.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising:restarting a validity timer associated with the set of resources based at least in part on reception of the updated validity information.22.The method of claim 17, further comprising:receiving a service message that requests communication of the one or more first messages in accordance with the resource configuration; andtransmitting a message in response to the service message based at least in part on the communication of the one or more first messages.23.The method of claim 17, wherein the set of resources configured for the A-IoT communications comprise at least one of:a set of dedicated resources for one or more A-IoT devices for the A-IoT communications;a set of periodic resources configured for the A-IoT communications;a set of resources pools comprising multiple configured resources for the A-IoT communications;a set of time and frequency resources associated with different A-IoT communications;a set of configured resources based at least in part on one or more operating criteria associated with the reader device, one or more capabilities of the reader device, one or more capabilities of the A-IoT device, or any combination thereof; anda set of exceptional resource pools configured for the A-IoT communications based at least in part on satisfaction of one or more communication link criteria.24.The method of claim 17, wherein the validity information comprises at least one of:an indication of an area in which the set of resources are valid for use;an indication of a duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use; andone or more validity rules, one or more validity thresholds, or both.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the area in which the set of resources are valid for use comprises one or more cells, one or more tracking areas, one or more radio access network-based notification areas, a geographic coverage area, an area bounded by a distance from a reference location, or any combination thereof.26.The method of claim 24, wherein the duration of time in which the set of resources are valid for use is relative to an initiation of a resource validity timer, wherein the initiation of the resource validity timer is based at least in part on a change in connection state of the reader device, receipt of a configuration for the resource validity timer, satisfaction of one or more event conditions, satisfaction of one or more measurement thresholds, or any combination thereof.27.The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more validity rules, the one or more validity thresholds, or both, comprise at least one of:an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a quantity of cell reselections;an indication that the set of resources are valid up to a threshold quantity of communicated A-IoT messages;an indication that the set of resources are invalid subsequent to a change in connection state of the reader device; andan indication of a threshold duration of time in which the set of resources are valid subsequent to a cell reselection.28.The method of claim 24, further comprising:refraining from obtaining an updated A-IoT resource configuration while the reader device is located in the area, during the duration of time, or both.29.The method of claim 17, further comprising:switching from the first connection state to the second connection state based at least in part on a switch command received from a network entity, an expiration of one or more timers, a connection mode evaluation by the reader device, or any combination thereof.30.The method of claim 17, wherein the resource configuration comprises a first A-IoT configuration of a plurality of A-IoT configurations associated with the reader device, the method further comprising:receiving control signaling indicative of an instruction to change from the first A-IoT configuration to a second A-IoT configuration; andswitching to the second A-IoT configuration in accordance with the control signaling.31.The method of claim 17, wherein the validity information is applicable for one or more A-IoT physical channel configurations, one or more A-IoT measurement configurations, one or more layer-2 A-IoT configurations, other A-IoT configurations, or any combination thereof.32.The method of claim 17, wherein the first connection state and the second connection state comprise different radio resource control (RRC) connection states or non-access stratum (NAS) connection states.33.A reader device for wireless communications, comprising:means for receiving, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communications;means for communicating, at a first time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration; andmeans for communicating, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.34.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive, via an access link, a resource configuration that indicates a set of resources configured for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communications;communicate, at a first time in which a reader device is operating in accordance with a first connection state, one or more first messages with an A-IoT device via the set of resources in accordance with the resource configuration; andcommunicate, at a second time in which the reader device is operating in accordance with a second connection state and subsequent to switching from the first connection state to the second connection state, one or more second messages with the A-IoT device via the set of resources based at least in part on the set of resources being valid at the second time in accordance with validity information associated with the set of resources.
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