Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

Provided are a method for performing wireless communication and an apparatus supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: acquiring, by a first device, a time division duplex (TDD) configuration; transmitting, by the first device, a random access preamble; and receiving, by the first device, a random access response related to the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the earliest downlink time resource configured by the TDD configuration after a value X plus a user equipment-eNodeB (UE-eNB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined on the basis of a preamble format related to the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions related to the transmission of the random access preamble.

Description

Method and apparatus for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a first device acquiring a time division duplex (TDD) setting; the first device transmitting a random access preamble; and the first device receiving a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; to transmit a random access preamble; and to receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; to transmit a random access preamble; and to receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; transmit a random access preamble; and receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a second device transmitting a time division duplex (TDD) setting to a first device; the step of the second device receiving a random access preamble from the first device; and the step of the second device transmitting a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window to the first device. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the above value X can be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the above value X can be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 shows an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 shows examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 shows examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 shows an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 shows an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 shows an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates an uplink resource grid for NB-IoT according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a random access symbol group according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates an example related to the case where the N value for the period of a TDD pattern is 9, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a problem related to the RAR window startup time according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 25 shows an example of a RAR window start time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 26 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 27 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 28 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 29 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 30 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 31 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 32 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0046] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0047] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0048] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0049] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (for example, PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0050] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0051] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0052] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0053] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0054] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0055] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0056] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0057] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0059] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0060] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0061] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0062] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0063] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0064] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0065] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0066] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0067] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0068] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0069] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0070] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0071] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0072] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0073] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0075] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0076] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0077] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0078] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0079] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0080] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0082] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0083] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0084] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0086] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0087] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0088] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0089] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0090] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0091] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0092] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0093] - Optical wireless technology

[0094] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0095] - Quantum communication

[0096] - Cell-free communication

[0097] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0098] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0099] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0100] - Big data analysis

[0101] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0102] - Metaverse

[0103] - blockchain

[0104] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0105] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0106] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0107] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0108] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0109] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0111] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0112] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may generally include the following elements.

[0113] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks

[0114] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0115] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0116] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerated (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a given service area, typically defined by a line of sight. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the line of sight of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, for a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Thus, the repeating waveform signal in the payload may not be altered. For example, for a regenerated payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This can effectively be equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all base station functions.

[0117] - Optionally, Inter-satellite Link (ISL)

[0118] - User equipment can be serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0119] FIG. 10 illustrates examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of a regenerated payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. An embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 10(a), for example, the satellite / HAPS can perform only the role of a simple repeater, receive uplink signals from the UE and transmit them to the Gateway, and relay downlink signals generated at the Gateway back to the UE. Here, for example, communication between the UE and the satellite can use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the Gateway can use NR radio frequency f2. For example, the actual 5G radio access network (e.g., 5G RAN) function is deployed at the Gateway terminal located on the ground or at a ground base station (e.g., gNB), and can be coupled with the 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN). Therefore, for example, the satellite can operate as a simple transponder structure that transparently transmits signals at the physical layer level without performing separate signal processing functions. For example, the transparent payload of FIG. 10(a) may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 8. For example, the transparent payload of Fig. 10(a) may be related to the NTN architecture discussed in 3GPP Rel-17 and Rel-18.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 10(b), for example, the satellite / HAPS itself may be equipped with 5G RAN functions and may possess payload processing capabilities that include base station functions, rather than being a simple repeater. For example, communication between the UE and the satellite may use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the gateway may use NR radio frequency f2. Here, for example, the gateway is connected to a 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN), and since the satellite can directly provide RAN functions to the UE, it can replace or supplement a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, since the satellite has a structure that transmits NR signals after receiving, demodulating, and processing them, rather than simply relaying them, more intelligent wireless resource control and quality of service management are possible. For example, the regeneration payload in FIG. 10(b) may be related to the regeneration payload in FIG. 9. For example, the replay payload of Fig. 10 (b) may be related to the NTN architecture that can be discussed in 3GPP Rel-19 and thereafter.

[0122] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 11, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 11 may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 10 (a).

[0124] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 12, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 12 may be related to the replay payload of FIG. 10 (b).

[0126] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0127] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, in step S1310, the base station can schedule downlink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, a transport layer, a downlink precoder, an MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PDSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0128] For example, in step S1320, the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI: Downlink Control Information) for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0129] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, Rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, Antenna port(s), Transmission configuration indication (TCI), SRS request, DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) sequence initialization

[0130] For example, the number of DMRS ports can be scheduled according to each state indicated in the antenna port(s) field, and SU (Single-user) / MU (Multi-user) transmission scheduling can also be performed.

[0131] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and the QCL for the DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0132] For example, in step S1330, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0133] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, it can decode the PDCCH according to instructions from the corresponding DCI.

[0134] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the terminal may have a DMRS configuration type set by the upper layer parameter 'dmrs-Type', and the DMRS type may be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the terminal may have a maximum number of front-loaded DMRA symbols for the PDSCH set by the upper layer parameter 'maxLength'.

[0135] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 1, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 9, 10, 11 or 30} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0136] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 2, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 10, or 23} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0137] For example, when a terminal receives PDSCH, the precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a consecutive block of resources in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to one of the values ​​{2, 4, broadband}.

[0138] For example, if P' is determined to be broadband, the terminal does not expect to be scheduled with non-contiguous PRBs, and the terminal can assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0139] For example, if P' is determined to be either {2 or 4}, the Precoding Resource Block Group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, the UE may assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within the PRG.

[0140] For example, to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within the PDSCH, the terminal can first read the 5-bit MCD field within the DCI and determine the modulation order and target code rate. Then, it can read the redundancy version field within the DCI and determine the redundancy version. Then, the terminal can determine the transport block size using the number of layers and the total number of allocated PRBs before rate matching.

[0141] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, in step S1410, the base station can schedule uplink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transport layer, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PUSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0143] For example, in step S1420, the terminal may receive a DCI on the PDCCH for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PUSCH) from the base station.

[0144] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: DCI format identifier, UL / SUL (Supplementary uplink) indicator, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, Frequency hopping flag, Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), Precoding information and number of layers, Antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) indicator

[0145] For example, the SRS resource indicator field may indicate SRS resources configured within the SRS resource set associated with the upper-level parameter 'usage'. For instance, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be set for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0146] For example, in step S1430, the terminal can transmit uplink data to the base station over PUSCH.

[0147] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, it can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions given by the DCI.

[0148] For example, two transmission methods (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission) may be supported:

[0149] i) For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal can be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal can be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, if PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, the PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0150] For example, in the case of codebook-based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, if this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the terminal can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on SRI, TPMI (transmit precoding matrix indicator), and transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS resource indicator field and the precoding information and number of layers fields. For example, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to the SRS resource selected by SRI when multiple SRS resources are set. For example, when a single SRS resource is set, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to that single SRS resource. For example, a transmission precoder may be selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the upper layer parameter 'nrofSRS-Ports'. For example, when the upper layer set to 'codebook' is set to the parameter 'txConfig', the terminal may have at least one SRS resource configured. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS resource may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0151] ii) For example, in the case of non-codebook-based transmission, PUSCH may be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the terminal may determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on a broadband SRI, where the SRI may be given by an SRS resource indicator within the DCI or by the upper layer parameter 'srs-ResourceIndicator'. For example, the terminal utilizes one or multiple SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources may be configured for simultaneous transmission within the same RB based on UE capabilities. For example, only one SRS port may be configured per SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource may be configured with the upper layer parameter 'usage' set to 'nonCodebook'. For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be set for non-codebook-based uplink transmissions may be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0152] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0153] Referring to Fig. 15, examples according to NTN platform types can be shown. For example, examples according to NTN platform types may be HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station), LEO (Low Earth orbit), MEO (Medium Earth orbit), or GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit).

[0154] For example, parameters related to the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 20 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 5-200 km.

[0155] For example, parameters related to LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 300–1500 km. For example, the beam footprint size of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 100–1000 km. For example, the satellite velocity of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0156] For example, parameters related to MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 7,000–25,000 km. For example, the beam footprint size of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 100–1,500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0157] For example, parameters related to the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 35,786 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 200-3,500 km. For example, the satellite velocity of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 3.1 km / sec (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 541.46 msec.

[0158] For example, to effectively operate an NTN with a very long RTT, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac may be introduced.

[0159] FIG. 16 illustrates examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 16, examples of K_offset and K_mac may be shown. For example, the service link RTT may be the RTT between the terminal and the satellite. For example, the feeder link RTT may be the RTT between the satellite and the base station. For example, the common TA may be the TA between the satellite and the RP. For example, K_offset may be an offset value representing the RTT of the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, K_offset may represent the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, K_mac may be an offset value representing the RTT between the RP and the gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT can mean the sum of the common TA (if indicated) and K_mac.

[0161] FIG. 17 illustrates examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 17, a terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays on the service link, and a common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays between the RP (reference point) and the satellite.

[0163] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, the terminal can calculate the TA based on the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) capabilities (e.g., terminal location) and orbit-related upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, and this is the terminal-specific TA (N UE TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if orbit-related upper-layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA may be set to 0. For example, a TA obtained based on common TA parameters (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which are upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, is called the common TA(N common TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if common TA parameters are not transmitted from the base station, the common TA can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (T TA ) is "(N TA + N TA,offset + N common TA,adj + N UE TA,adj )*T c It can be obtained as. For example, N TA,offset can refer to the TA offset value provided to the terminal per serving cell, and N TA can mean a value obtained based on the timing advance command.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, in Rel-17 NTN, the terminal can calculate the TA itself based on the terminal's GNSS capability and base station guidance information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be designated as a terminal-specific (UE-specific) TA. For example, a TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be designated as a common TA, and the final TA based thereon can be based on FIG. 18 and the description related to FIG. 18.

[0165] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 18, the uplink frame number i for the transmission from the UE is before the start of the corresponding downlink frame from the UE You can start here

[0167] - and ...can be given in Section 4.2 of TS 38.213, and This may be excluded for msgA transmissions on PUSCH that are to be used;

[0168] - It can be derived from the upper-level parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation if indicated, and otherwise It could be;

[0169] - is calculated by the UE based on UE position and serving-satellite-orbit-related upper-layer parameters if indicated, and otherwise It could be.

[0170] For example, there may be TA misalignment.

[0171] For example, in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur if the gNB does not receive TA reports, if existing TA reports are outdated, or if the granularity of the TA reports is insufficient. For example, if the UE does not perform TA reporting at all, the gNB cannot set several key scheduling variables (e.g., K_(cell,offset), K_(UE,offset)), so the above scenario (e.g., no TA reporting) may not be considered a feasible scenario. Therefore, assuming the UE performs TA reporting, the magnitude of TA mismatches caused by TA report obsolescence and / or TA report granularity may need to be addressed. For example, when the UE performs TA reporting in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur primarily due to outdated TA reports and / or coarse TA report granularity. For example, to support HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE, the issue of quantitative level TA misalignment between gNB and UE may need to be addressed.

[0172] Meanwhile, differences resulting from outdated TA reporting may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to RTT differences depending on the UE location within the cell (e.g., the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA).

[0173] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0174] Referring to Fig. 19, for example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS.

[0175] For example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) is within approximately 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with a 15 kHz SCS. For example, considering that the TA reported granularity of NTN is 1 ms (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS), in the LEO example, the main cause of the TA discrepancy may be the TA reported granularity rather than the old TA reported. For example, for an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA may be smaller than the TA reported granularity (e.g., 1 ms). For example, in the case of HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, issues regarding the enhanced TA reporting mechanism, particularly TA reporting granularity, may need to be addressed.

[0176] For example, there may be a DL / UL collision under TA misalignment.

[0177] When comparing the timing advances of NTN and TN due to satellite movement, the timing advance of the service link between the satellite and the UE can be estimated by the UE itself. For example, the gNB can obtain the TA value through TA reporting, but due to the current 1ms granularity reported by the TA, the gNB cannot obtain the exact TA used by the UE, and the UE side cannot know when or which transmission will collide. For example, since the rule for when a DL reception collides with a UL transmission is intended to avoid collisions through gNB scheduling, the NTN gNB may experience difficulties in determining whether the UE is in an uplink slot or a downlink slot.

[0178] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information through system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be composed of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be composed of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0179] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 20, information related to the orbital parameter orbit format (e.g., ephemeral information) includes the semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], the eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예를 들어, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예를 들어, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0181] 10.1 Uplink

[0182] 10.1.1 Overview

[0183] 10.1.1.1 Physical Channel

[0184] For example, the following narrowband physical channels can be defined:

[0185] - Narrowband physical uplink shared channel (NPUSCH)

[0186] - Narrowband Physical Random-Access Channel (NPRACH)

[0187] 10.1.1.2 Physical Signals

[0188] For example, the following uplink narrowband physical signal can be defined:

[0189] - Narrowband demodulation reference signal

[0190] 10.1.2 Slot Structure and Physical Resources

[0191] 10.1.2.1 Resource Grid

[0192] For example, the physical channel or signal transmitted in the slot is one or more Subcarrier and It can be initiated as a resource grid of SC-FDMA symbols. For example, the resource grid can be illustrated in FIG. 21. For example, the slot number within the radio frame is It can be written as and here About It could be, About It could be.

[0193] FIG. 21 illustrates an uplink resource grid for NB-IoT according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0194] For example, uplink bandwidth is subcarrier , and slot sections In terms of, it can be given in Table 3.

[0195] Table 3: NB-IoT parameters.

[0196]

[0197] For example, a single antenna port It can be used for all uplink transmissions.

[0198] 10.1.2.2 Resource Elements

[0199] For example, each element in the resource grid can be called a resource element, and an index pair in a slot It can be uniquely defined by, where and can be indices in the frequency and time domains, respectively. For example, resource elements is a complex value It can correspond to. For example, an amount corresponding to a resource element not used for the transmission of a physical channel or physical signal in a slot. It can be set to 0.

[0200] 10.1.2.3 Resource Units

[0201] For example, resource units can be used to describe the mapping between NPUSCH and resource elements. For example, resource units in the time domain As SC-FDMA symbols and in the frequency domain It can be defined as a continuous subcarrier, where and This can be given by Table 4 and Table 5 for frame structure type 1 and type 2, respectively.

[0202] Table 4: For Frame Structure Type 1 , , and A combination of can be supported.

[0203]

[0204] Table 5: For Frame Structure Type 2 , , and A combination of can be supported.

[0205]

[0206] 10.1.3 Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0207] For example, a narrowband physical uplink shared channel can support two formats:

[0208] - NPUSCH format 1 can be used to carry UL-SCH

[0209] - NPUSCH format 2 can be used to carry uplink control information.

[0210] 10.1.3.1 Scramble

[0211] For example, scrambling can be performed in accordance with Section 5.3.1 of 3GPP TS 36.211. For example, a scrambling sequence generator It can be initialized with and here can be the first slot for the transmission of a codeword. For example, in the case of an NPUSCH iteration, the scrambling sequence is set in each of the first slot and frames used for the transmission of the iteration. and The Codeword's charm with After transmission, it can be re-initialized according to the above formula. For example, Yang It can be given in Section 10.1.3.6.

[0212] 10.1.3.2 Modulation

[0213] For example, modulation is a block of modulated symbols. This can be done in accordance with Section 5.3.2 of 3GPP TS 36.211, which results in... For example, Table 6 may specify modulation mappings applicable to a narrowband physical uplink shared channel.

[0214] For example, a block of modulated symbols is a block of modulated symbols according to the following. Code that causes It can be multiplied together with

[0215]

[0216] Here,

[0217] - , [4] If a positive scheduling request can be sent using NPUSCH format 2

[0218] - , otherwise

[0219] Table 6: NPUSCH Modulation Schema

[0220]

[0221] 10.1.3.3 Hierarchical Mapping

[0222] For example, hierarchical mapping is Instead using It can be done in accordance with Section 5.3.2A of 3GPP TS 36.211.

[0223] 10.1.3.4 Transform Precoding

[0224] For example, transform precoding is It can be carried out in accordance with Section 5.3.3 of 3GPP TS 36.211 and Is It can be replaced with.

[0225] 10.1.3.5 Precoding

[0226] For example, precoding can be performed according to Section 5.3.3A of 3GPP TS 36.211, which assumes a single antenna port.

[0227] 10.1.3.6 Mapping to Physical Resources

[0228] For example, each NPUSCH codeword is given by Section 16.5.1.2 of 3GPP TS 36.213 [4], which is one or more resource units, It can be mapped to, and each of them is It can be transmitted as many times as needed.

[0229] For example, a block of complex-value symbols The transmission power specified in [4] Amplitude scaling factor to comply It can be multiplied together. For example, a resource element corresponding to a subcarrier allocated for transmission and not used for the transmission of a reference signal. The mapping to the row can be incremented starting from the first slot in the allocated resource unit, first in index k, then in index l.

[0230] for example, After mapping to the slot, The slot Until continuing to map to the next slot It can be repeated up to an additional number of times, and here

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] for example, For NPUSCH formats 1 and 2 on frame structure type 2 together,

[0234] - NPUSCH transmission spans two uplink subframes that do not overlap with an uplink subframe set as invalid It can be performed in the first set of slots;

[0235] - For TDD configurations 1 and 4, if the start position for NPUSCH is indicated as the second of two consecutive uplink subframes, the NPUSCH transmission may be delayed until the start of two consecutive uplink subframes.

[0236] For example, if If a mapping for a slot, a mapping for N slots, or a repetition of a mapping includes resource elements that overlap with the following

[0237] All NPRACH resources configured according to nprach-ParametersList in -SystemInformationBlockType2-NB, or

[0238] All NPRACH resources configured according to the nprach-ParametersList given by ul-ConfigList in -SystemInformationBlockType22-NB, and if the UE indicates that multiCarrier-NPRACH is supported, or

[0239] If all NPRACH resources configured according to the nprach-ParametersList given by ul-ConfigListMixed in -SystemInformationBlockType22-NB and UEs indicate that multiCarrier-NPRACH and mixedOperationMode are supported, or

[0240] If all NPRACH resources configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 in -SystemInformationBlockType2-NB and UEs indicate that nprach-Format2 is supported, or

[0241] All NPRACH resources configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 given by ul-ConfigList in -SystemInformationBlockType23-NB, and if the UE indicates that multiCarrier-NPRACH and nprach-Format2 are supported, or

[0242] If all NPRACH resources configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 given by ul-ConfigListMixed in -SystemInformationBlockType23-NB, and if the UE indicates that multiCarrier-NPRACH, mixedOperationMode, and nprach-Format2 are supported, or

[0243] All NPRACH resources configured according to -nprach-ParametersListTDD in SystemInformationBlockType2-NB, or

[0244] If all NPRACH resources configured according to -SystemInformationBlockType22-NB's nprach-ParametersListTDD and UEs indicate that multiCarrier-NPRACH is supported, or

[0245] - All NPRACH resources configured for early data transmission, and if NPUSCH transmission occurs while the early data transmission procedure [Section 12, 7.3b] is in progress,

[0246] For example, then,

[0247] - Regarding, overlapping The NPUSCH transfer in the slot is the next one that does not overlap with the configured NPRACH resource It may be postponed until the slot.

[0248] - Regarding, overlapping NPUSCH transmission in the slot is Starting from the first slot that satisfies and does not overlap with any configured NPRACH resources, the following It may be postponed until the slot.

[0249] For example, the NPRACH gap defined in Section 10.1.6.1 may not be part of the NPRACH resource. For example, for Frame Structure Type 2, a valid uplink subframe not used for NPRACH transmission when G symbol groups cannot be mapped consecutively may not be part of the NPRACH resource. For example, then The mapping of is It can be repeated until a slot is transmitted. For example, for frame structure type 1, After transmission and / or delay due to time-unit NPRACH, at the location where NPUSCH transmission was delayed A time unit gap may be inserted. For example, the smoke portion caused by NPRACH matching the gap may be calculated as part of the gap.

[0250] For example, if the upper layer parameter npusch-AllSymbols is set to false, resource elements in SC-FDMA symbols that overlap with symbols set to SRS according to srs-SubframeConfig may be calculated in the NPUSCH mapping but may not be used for NPUSCH transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter npusch-AllSymbols is set to true, all symbols may be transmitted.

[0251] For example, if the upper-level parameter resourceReservationConfigUL is set, in the case of an NPUSCH format 1 transfer associated with a C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI using a UE-specific NPDCCH search space where the resource reservation field in the DCI containing an NPUSCH format 1 transfer without a corresponding NPDCCH is set to 1, or in the case of an NPUSCH format 2 transfer associated with a C-RNTI using a UE-specific NPDCCH search space,

[0252] - [4] Overlapping with the fully reserved uplink subframe as defined in Section 16.5 A subframe or for In the slot for,

[0253] - - Regarding this, NPUSCH transmission may be deferred until the next NB-IoT uplink subframe that is not fully reserved.

[0254] - - Regarding this, NPUSCH transmission in a slot may be deferred to the next slot spanning two adjacent uplink subframes that do not overlap with the fully reserved uplink subframe.

[0255] - Not overlapping with fully reserved uplink subframes A subframe or for In the slot for, any SC-FDMA symbols that overlap with reserved symbols may be calculated in the NPUSCH mapping but may not be used for NPUSCH transmission.

[0256] For example, regarding a UE communicating via NTN, After transmission of a time unit (and / or delay due to NPRACH), for Frame Structure Type 1, The transmission gap in time units can be calculated for NPUSCH resource mapping according to the UE capability specified in 3GPP TS 36.331 [9] n-SegmentedPrecompensationGaps-r17, but may not be used for NPUSCH transmission. For example, The amount of can be provided by the upper layer, and The amount of can be set at the upper layer based on UE capabilities when signaled.

[0257] 10.1.4 Demodulation Reference Signal

[0258] 10.1.4.1 Reference Signal Sequence

[0259] 10.1.4.1.1 Reference signal sequence for

[0260] for example, Reference signal sequence for can be defined as follows.

[0261]

[0262] For example, here is a binary sequence It can be defined by Section 7.2 and at the start of NPUSCH transmission It can be initialized to. For example, here, the amount can be given by Table 7, and for NPUSCH format 2 and when group hopping is not enabled for NPUSCH format 1 It may be, and if group hopping is enabled for NPUSCH format 1, it may be provided by Section 10.1.4.1.3.

[0263] Table 7: Definition of

[0264]

[0265] For example, a reference signal sequence for NPUSCH format 1 can be provided by the following.

[0266]

[0267] For example, a reference signal sequence for NPUSCH format 2 can be provided by the following.

[0268]

[0269] For example, here is the sequence index defined in Table 8 The sequence index selected according to It may be defined in Table 8 together with. For example, in the case of Frame Structure Type 1, It may be. For example, in the case of frame structure type 2, About It can be and About It could be.

[0270] Table 8: Orthogonal sequences for PUCCH formats 1, 1a, and 1b

[0271]

[0272] 10.1.4.1.2 Reference signal sequence for

[0273] for example, Reference signal sequence for cyclic shift of the base sequence according to the following It can be defined by

[0274]

[0275] For example, here Is Regarding , it can be given by Table 9, and Regarding , it can be given by Table 10, and Regarding this, it can be given by Table 11.

[0276] Table 9: for Definition of

[0277]

[0278] Table 10: for Definition of

[0279]

[0280] Table 11: for Definition of

[0281]

[0282] For example, if group hopping is not enabled, base sequence index Is , , and For each, it can be given by the upper layer parameters threeTone-BaseSequence, sixTone-BaseSequence, and twelveTone-BaseSequence, respectively. For example, if not signaled from the upper layer, the base sequence can be given as follows:

[0283]

[0284] For example, if group hopping is enabled, base sequence index can be given by Section 10.1.4.1.3.

[0285] for example, and Cyclic shift for As defined in Table 12, they can be derived from the upper-level parameters threeTone-CyclicShift and sixTone-CyclicShift, respectively. For example, Regarding, if npusch-CyclicShift in PUR-Config-NB is configured for NPUSCH (re)transmission corresponding to a preset uplink resource Can provide the value of and slot Cyclic shift in Is It can be given as, and otherwise This can be.

[0286] Table 12: Definition of

[0287]

[0288] 10.1.4.1.3 Group Hopping

[0289] For example, in the case of a reference signal for NPUSCH format 1, sequence-group hopping can be enabled, where radio frames slots sequence-group number is group hopping pattern and sequence-shift patterns It can be defined as follows according to

[0290]

[0291] For example, here, the number of reference signal sequences available for each resource unit size, This can be given by Table 13.

[0292] Table 13: Definition of

[0293]

[0294] For example, sequence-group hopping can be enabled or disabled by means of the cell-specific parameter groupHoppingEnabled provided from the upper layer. For example, sequence-group hopping for NPUSCH for a specific UE can be disabled via the upper layer parameter groupHoppingDisabled, even if it is enabled on the cell base, unless the NPUSCH transmission corresponds to a random access response grant or a retransmission of the same transmission block as part of a contention-based random access procedure.

[0295] For example, group-hopping patterns It can be given as follows.

[0296]

[0297] For example, here About . for example, When, for frame structure type 1, is the slot number of the first slot of the resource unit It may be, and regarding frame structure type 2, is the frame number of the first slot of the resource unit It can be. For example, pseudo-random sequence may be defined by Section 7.2.

[0298] For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator Regarding , at the start of the resource unit, and In all even slots for . It can be initialized to.

[0299] For example, sequence-shift pattern It can be given as follows.

[0300]

[0301] for example, can be given by the upper-level parameter groupAssignmentNPUSCH. For example, if the value is not signaled, .

[0302] 10.1.4.2 Mapping to Physical Resources

[0303] For example, sequence is the amplitude scaling factor This can be multiplied and It can be mapped to a sequence on the subcarrier from.

[0304] For example, the set of subcarriers used in the mapping process may be the same as the corresponding NPUSCH transmission as defined in Section 10.1.3.6.

[0305] For example, resource element The mapping for can be incremented first by k, then by l, and finally by the slot number. For example, the value of the slot symbol index l can be given in Table 14.

[0306] Table 14: Definition of demodulation reference signal location for NPUSCH

[0307]

[0308] For example, if the upper-level parameter resourceReservationConfigUL is set, then the resource reservation field of the DCI is set to 1, including NPUSCH format 1 transfers associated with C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI using a UE-specific NPDCCH search space and NPUSCH format 1 transfers without a corresponding NPDCCH, or in the case of NPUSCH format 2 transfers associated with C-RNTI using a UE-specific NPDCCH search space,

[0309] - [4] Overlapping with the fully reserved uplink subframe as defined in Section 16.5 A subframe or for In the slot for,

[0310] - - Regarding this, the transmission of the demodulation reference signal may be deferred until the next NB-IoT uplink subframe that is not fully reserved.

[0311] - - Regarding this, the transmission of the demodulation reference signal in the slot may be deferred to the next slot spanning two adjacent uplink subframes that do not overlap with the fully reserved uplink subframe.

[0312] - Not overlapping with fully reserved uplink subframes A subframe or for In the slot for, any demodulation reference signal transmission in any SC-FDMA symbol that overlaps with a reserved symbol may be dropped.

[0313] 10.1.6 Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel

[0314] 10.1.6.1 Time and Frequency Structure

[0315] For example, the physical layer random access preamble can be based on a single-carrier frequency-hopping symbol group. For example, the symbol group can be illustrated in FIG. 22, and its length Cyclic prefix and total length together with It can be composed of sequences of identical symbols. For example, the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repeating unit is It can be denoted as such. For example, the number of temporally adjacent symbol groups can be given by G.

[0316] FIG. 22 illustrates a random access symbol group according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0317] For example, parameter values ​​for frame structures 1 and 2 may be listed in Table 15 and Table 16, respectively.

[0318] Table 15: Random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 1

[0319]

[0320] Table 16: Random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 2

[0321]

[0322] for example, A preamble composed of a symbol group is It can be transmitted as many times. For example, in the case of Frame Structure Type 2, an invalid uplink subframe is transmitted without a gap When overlapping the transmission of symbol groups, Symbol groups can be dropped. For example, in the case of frame structure type 2, The transmission of symbol groups can be aligned with subframe boundaries.

[0323] For example, the transmission of a random access preamble can be limited to specific time and frequency resources if triggered by the MAC layer.

[0324] For example, NPRACH settings provided by the upper layer may include the following:

[0325] - NPRACH resource cycle (nprach-Periodicity)

[0326] - Frequency position of the first subcarrier assigned to NPRACH (nprach-SubcarrierOffset)

[0327] - Number of subcarriers allocated to NPRACH (nprach-NumSubcarriers)

[0328] - Number of starting subcarriers allocated to the UE that initiated random access (nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers),

[0329] - Number of NPRACH iterations per attempt (numRepetitionsPerPreambleAttempt)

[0330] - NPRACH start time (nprach-StartTime),

[0331] - Fraction for calculating the start subcarrier index for the range of NPRACH subcarriers reserved for UE support instructions for multi-tone message 3 transmission (nprach-SubcarrierMSG3-RangeStart).

[0332] For example, NPRACH transmission is After the start of a radio frame that satisfies It can only be started in time units. For example, for Frame Structure Type 1, for Preamble Formats 0 and 1 After the transmission of a time unit, or regarding Preamble Format 2 After transmission in time units, A time interval may need to be inserted.

[0333] for example, The NPRACH setting may not be valid.

[0334] For example, the NPRACH start subcarrier assigned to a UE that has initiated random access is two sets of subcarriers, and It can be divided into , and if the second set exists, it can indicate UE support for multi-tone message 3 transmission.

[0335] For example, the frequency position of the NPRACH transmission is when Preamble Format 2 described in Table 15 is set. Into the subcarrier, and It may be limited within the subcarrier. For example, frequency hopping may be used within 12 subcarriers and 36 subcarriers when the preamble format 2 disclosed in Table 15 is set, where i th The frequency position of the symbol group It can be given by and here It can be. For example, amount It may vary depending on the frame structure.

[0336] For example, regarding frame structure type 1:

[0337] - If for preamplifier formats 0 and 1 as disclosed in Table 15 , In this case:

[0338]

[0339] For example, here and Is It may be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer from, and a pseudo-random sequence It can be given by Section 7.2. For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator It can be initialized to.

[0340] - If for Preamble Format 2 as disclosed in Table 15 , In the case of:

[0341]

[0342] For example, here and Is It may be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer from, and a pseudo-random sequence It can be given by Section 7.2. For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator It can be initialized to.

[0343] For example, regarding frame structure type 2:

[0344] - If for preamplifier formats 0, 1, and 2 as disclosed in Table 16 , In the case of:

[0345]

[0346] For example, here and Is It may be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer from, and a pseudo-random sequence It can be given by Section 7.2. For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator It can be initialized to.

[0347] - If, as disclosed in Table 16, for preamplifier formats 0-a and 1-a , In the case of:

[0348]

[0349] For example, here and Is It may be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer from, and a pseudo-random sequence It can be given by Section 7.2. For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator It can be initialized to.

[0350] UE-eNB RTT: For non-terrestrial networks, it is the sum of the UE's timing advance value (TS 36.211 [7], see Section 8.1) and k-Mac in subframes, and is not rounded or truncated to an integer number of subframes.

[0351] For example, if the UE is a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage:

[0352] - When the random access preamble is transmitted over a non-terrestrial network:

[0353] - The RA response window can start at a subframe containing the end of the last preamble iteration, and after adding 3 subframes and the UE-eNB RTT, and can have a length of ra-ResponseWindowSize for the corresponding extended coverage level.

[0354] - In other cases:

[0355] - The RA response window can start at a subframe containing the end of the last preamble iteration, and can start 3 subframes later, and can have a length of ra-ResponseWindowSize for the corresponding extended coverage level;

[0356] For example, if the UE is an NB-IoT UE:

[0357] - When the random access preamble is transmitted over a non-terrestrial network:

[0358] - The RA response window may start after adding the X subframe and the UE-eNB RTT to the subframe containing the end of the last preamble iteration, and may have a length of ra-ResponseWindowSize for the corresponding extended coverage level, where the value X can be determined from Table 17 based on the preamble format used and the number of NPRACH iterations;

[0359] Table 17: Number of subframes between preamble transmission and RA response window in NB-IoT

[0360] TDD / FDD Mode Preamble Format NPRACH Number of Iterations X FDD0 or 1 >= 644 1 FDD0 or 1 < 644 FDD2 >= 164 1 FDD2 < 164 TDDAanyAny4

[0361] For example, in the case of an IoT UE, the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH to which the random access preamble is transmitted can be calculated as follows:

[0362] RA-RNTI = 1 + floor(SFN_id / 4) + 256*carrier_id

[0363] For example, here SFN_id may be the index of the first radio frame of the specified PRACH and carrier_id may be the index of the uplink UL carrier associated with the specified PRACH. For example, the carrier_id of the anchor carrier may be 0.

[0364] For example, for an NB-IoT UE operating in TDD mode, the RA-RNTI associated with PRACH, where the random access preamble is transmitted, can be calculated as follows:

[0365] RA-RNTI = 1 + floor(SFN_id / 4) + 256*(H-SFN mod 2)

[0366] For example, here SFN_id may be the index of the first radio frame of a specified PRACH, and H-SFN may be the index of the first hyperframe of a specified PRACH. For example, the PDCCH transmission and the PRACH resource may exist on the same carrier.

[0367] For example, after Msg3 is transmitted, the MAC entity can perform the following:

[0368] - If the UE is an NB-IoT UE, BL UE, or UE in extended coverage:

[0369] - If Msg3 is transmitted over a non-terrestrial network:

[0370] - For EDT, if edt-SmallTBS-Enabled is set to TRUE for the corresponding PRACH resource:

[0371] - For each HARQ retransmission of a bundle in the last subframe of the PUSCH transmission corresponding to the largest TBS indicated by the UL Grant plus the subframe corresponding to the UE-eNB RTT, the MAC-ContentionResolutionTimer may be started and the MAC-ContentionResolutionTimer may be restarted.

[0372] - In other cases:

[0373] - For each HARQ retransmission of a bundle at the UE-eNB RTT plus the subframe containing the last iteration of the corresponding PUSCH transmission, the MAC-ContentionResolutionTimer may be started and the MAC-ContentionResolutionTimer may be restarted.

[0374] For example, nprach-Periodicity-r13 and nprach-StartTime-r13 may be as shown in Table 18.

[0375]

[0376] 16.5 Procedures Related to Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channels

[0377] For example, for an NB-IoT UE that supports twoHARQ-Processes-r14 or is configured with the upper layer parameter npusch-MultiTB-Config, there may be up to two uplink HARQ processes.

[0378] For example, for an NB-IoT UE and NPUSCH transmission using a preset uplink resource, there may be one uplink HARQ process.

[0379] For example, an NB-IoT UE can determine whether a subframe is an NB-IoT UL subframe as follows.

[0380] - If the parent parameter resourceReservationConfigUL is set

[0381] - - For NPUSCH Format 1 transmissions associated with a C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI using a UE-specific NPDCCH search space, including NPUSCH Format 1 transmissions that do not have a corresponding NPDCCH

[0382] If the resource reservation field in DCI is set to 0, the subframe can be considered an NB-IoT UL subframe.

[0383] Otherwise, if the resource reservation field of the DCI is set to 1, the subframe may be considered an NB-IoT UL subframe if it is not fully reserved according to the upper layer parameters (the subframe may be considered fully reserved only if all SC-FDMA symbols in the subframe are reserved).

[0384] - - Regarding NPUSCH Format 2 transmission

[0385] - - - If a subframe is not fully reserved according to the upper layer parameters, the subframe may be considered an NB-IoT UL subframe (the subframe may be considered fully reserved only if all SC-FDMA symbols in the subframe are reserved).

[0386] - In all other cases,

[0387] Regarding TDD, if a subframe is configured as an NB-IoT UL subframe by the upper layer for an NB-IoT carrier, the NB-IoT UE can regard the subframe as an NB-IoT UL subframe.

[0388] - - Regarding FDD, the NB-IoT UE can always regard a subframe as an NB-IoT UL subframe.

[0389] 16.5.1 UE Procedure for Transmitting Format 1 Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0390] For example, an NPUSCH format 1 transmission may be scheduled by NPDCCH with DCI format N0, or the transmission may correspond to using a preset uplink resource set at an upper layer. For example, a transmission using a preset uplink resource may be initiated at an upper layer as specified in

[0014] , and a retransmission of a transmission block transmitted using a preset uplink resource may be scheduled by NPDCCH with DCI format N0.

[0391] For example, if the UE detects an NPDCCH with a DCI format N0 ending in an NB-IoT DL subframe n that schedules an NPUSCH targeting the UE on a given serving cell, the UE may need to perform the following at the next time.

[0392] - For FDD, n+k0+K offset DL subframe,

[0393] - Regarding TDD, the k0NB-IoT UL subframe following the end of the n + 8 subframe,

[0394] For example, N consecutive NB-IoT UL slots n where i = 0, 1, ..., N-1 according to NPDCCH information iA corresponding NPUSCH transmission using NPUSCH format 1, where

[0395] - Subframe n may be the last subframe in which the NPDCCH is transmitted and may be determined from the start subframe of the NPDCCH transmission and the DCI subframe repetition number field in the corresponding DCI; and

[0396] - , here The value of can be determined as specified in Section 16.5.1.1, and The value of can be determined by the resource allocation field in the corresponding DCI (see Section 16.5.1.1), and The value of in the corresponding DCI It may be the number of NB-IoT UL slots in a resource unit corresponding to the number of allocated subcarriers (as determined by Section 16.5.1.1) (defined in Section 10.1.2.3 of [3]), and The value of can be determined by the number of scheduled TBs for the unicast field in the corresponding DCI, if any, and otherwise, by the number of scheduled TBs for the unicast field in the corresponding DCI.

[0397] - n0 is a subframe n+k0+K for the FDD offset It can be the first NB-IoT UL slot starting after the end.

[0398] - For TDD, n0 can be the first NB-IoT UL slot starting after the k0NB-IoT UL subframe following the end of subframe n+8.

[0399] - The value of k0 is the scheduling delay field in the corresponding DCI according to Table 19 for FDD and Table 20 for TDD ( It can be determined by ).

[0400] - Regarding,

[0401] - - The UE is configured with the upper layer parameter npusch-MultiTB-Config set to 'Interleaved', and is an NPUSCH corresponding to an NPDCCH with a DCI CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, and Here About , otherwise .

[0402] - - - NB-IoT UL Slot silver Can be with, is TB r+1 , It can be related to

[0403] Otherwise,

[0404] - - - NB-IoT UL Slot silver Can be with, and TB r+1 , It can be related to

[0405] Table 19: For DCI format N0 for FDD

[0406]

[0407] Table 20: For the DCI format for TDD

[0408]

[0409] For example, if an NPUSCH transmission that does not have a corresponding NPDCCH conflicts partially or wholly with an NPDSCH transmission, the NPUSCH transmission may be dropped.

[0410] For example, if the UE is configured by the upper layer to decode an NPDCCH in which the CRC has been scrambled by the C-RNTI, the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combination defined in Table 21 and transmit the corresponding NPUSCH. For example, the scramble initialization of this NPUSCH corresponding to this NPDCCH and the retransmission of the NPUSCH for the same transmission block can be done by the C-RNTI.

[0411] Table 21: NPDCCH and NPUSCH set by C-RNTI

[0412]

[0413] For example, if the UE is configured to receive a random access procedure initiated by a “PDCCH sequence,” the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combinations defined in Table 22.

[0414] Table 22: NPDCCH set to “PDCCH sequence” to initiate random access procedure

[0415]

[0416] For example, if the UE is configured to decode a CRC-scrambed NPDCCH by a temporary C-RNTI at an upper layer, regardless of whether the UE is configured to decode a CRC-scrambed NPDCCH by a C-RNTI during a random access procedure, the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combinations defined in Table 23 and transmit the corresponding NPUSCH. For example, the initialization of scrambling of the NPUSCH corresponding to this NPDCCH can be done by a temporary C-RNTI.

[0417] For example, if a temporary C-RNTI is set by the upper layer, the scrambling initialization of NPUSCH corresponding to the narrowband random access response grant in Section 16.3.3 and all NPUSCH retransmission(s) for the same transmission block may be done by the temporary C-RNTI. For example, otherwise, the scrambling initialization of NPUSCH corresponding to the narrowband random access response grant in Section 16.3.3 and all NPUSCH retransmission(s) for the same transmission block may be done by the C-RNTI.

[0418] For example, if the UE is configured by the upper layer during a random access procedure to decode an NPDCCH in which the CRC has been scrambled by C-RNTI, the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combinations defined in Table 23 and transmit the corresponding NPUSCH. For example, the scramble initialization of the NPUSCH corresponding to this NPDCCH can be done by C-RNTI.

[0419] Table 23: Temporary C-RNTI and / or NPDCCH and NPUSCH set by C-RNTI during random access procedures

[0420]

[0421] For example, if the UE is configured to decode an NPDCCH with a CRC scrambled by the SPS C-RNTI at the upper layer, the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combination defined in Table 24 and, if a transmission block corresponding to the HARQ process of the NPUSCH transmission is generated as disclosed in [8], transmit the corresponding NPUSCH. For example, the scrambling initialization of this NPUSCH and the NPUSCH retransmission for the same transmission block corresponding to this NPDCCH may be done by the SPS C-RNTI. For example, the initial transmission of this NPUSCH where there is no corresponding NPDCCH and the scrambling initialization of the NPUSCH retransmission for the same transmission block may be done by the SPS C-RNTI.

[0422] Table 24: NPDCCH and NPUSCH set by SPS C-RNTI

[0423]

[0424] For example, the UE can transmit NPUSCH over a pre-configured uplink resource as configured by the upper layer. For example, scrambling initialization of NPUSCH transmission using a pre-configured uplink resource can be done by PUR-RNTI.

[0425] For example, if the UE is configured to decode an NPDCCH with a CRC scrambled by PUR-RNTI at the upper layer, the UE can decode the NPDCCH according to the combination defined in Table 25 and, if the DCI instruction corresponds to the retransmission of a transmitted block using a preset uplink resource, transmit the corresponding NPUSCH. For example, the scramble initialization of this NPUSCH and the NPUSCH corresponding to the retransmission of this NPDCCH and the same transmitted block can be done by PUR-RNTI.

[0426] Table 25: NPDCCH and NPUSCH set by PUR-RNTI

[0427]

[0428] 16.5.1.1 Resource Allocation

[0429] For example, resource allocation information set at an upper layer for an NPUSCH transmission using uplink DCI format N0 for an NPUSCH transmission or preset uplink resources can indicate a scheduled UE.

[0430] - A set of contiguously allocated subcarriers of resource units determined by the subcarrier indicator field, or by the upper-level parameter npusch-SubCarrierSetIndex in PUR-Config-NB ( )

[0431] - The number of resource units determined by the resource allocation field according to Table 27, or by the upper-level parameter npusch-NumRUsIndex in PUR-Config-NB ( )

[0432] - Repetition number determined by the repetition number field according to Table 28 ( ), and for NPUSCH transmissions using preset uplink resources, the UE may use a repeat number set at the upper layer; except for NPUSCH that is 16QAM, where .

[0433] For example, the subcarrier spacing of an NPUSCH transmission can be determined by the following

[0434] - For NPUSCH transmissions using pre-configured uplink resources and subsequent NPUSCH transmissions until a narrowband random access response grant is received, the upper layer parameter npusch-SubCarrierSetIndex,

[0435] - Otherwise, the uplink subcarrier spacing field of the narrowband random access response grant according to Section 16.3.3.

[0436] For example, subcarrier spacing , Here can be a subcarrier instruction field and and It may be reserved, or n sc For NPUSCH transmissions using pre-configured uplink resources, it can be set by the upper layer parameter npusch-SubCarrierSetIndex in PUR-Config-NB.

[0437] For example, subcarrier spacing For NPUSCH transmission with, the subcarrier indication field in DCI ( ) or the npusch-SubCarrierSetIndex in PUR-Config-NB for NPUSCH transmissions using preset uplink resources is a set of contiguously allocated subcarriers according to Table 26 ( ) can be determined.

[0438] Table 26: Subcarriers allocated to NPUSCH with

[0439]

[0440] Table 27: Number of resource units for NPUSCH ( )

[0441]

[0442] Table 28: Number of iterations for NPUSCH ( )

[0443]

[0444] 16.5.1.2 Determination of Modulation Sequence, Redundancy Version, and Transmission Block Size

[0445] For example, to determine the modulation order, redundancy version, and transmission block size for NPUSCH, the UE first

[0446] - For NPUSCH transmissions using pre-configured uplink resources, the “modulation and coding scheme” field set at the DCI or the upper layer ( Can read ), and

[0447] - For NPUSCH transfers using pre-configured uplink resources, the “Duplicate Version” field in DCI ( Read ) or It can start with, and

[0448] - For NPUSCH transmissions using pre-configured uplink resources, the “resource allocation” field configured at the DCI or upper layer ( Can read ).

[0449] - Total number of subcarriers allocated according to Section 16.5.1.1 ( ), number of resource units( ) and repetition number ( ) can be calculated.

[0450] For example, if the UE is configured to the most recent NPUSCH transmission containing a transmission block with upper-layer parameters and EDT, the UE 3 ≤ I MCS It may be expected that a DCI directing an NPUSCH retransmission will not be received as part of a contention-based random access procedure with ≤ 14.

[0451] For example, if the UE is set to upper-level parameters, and in DCI For NPUSCH retransmission of the same transmission block containing an EDT as part of a contention-based random access procedure,

[0452] - The modulation sequence is It can be set to = 2.

[0453] - If the UE is set to the upper layer parameter edt-SmallTBS-Enabled, which is set to 'True', the iteration number for the NPUSCH retransmission is It can be the smallest integer multiple of a value of L that is greater than or equal to, where may be a TBS corresponding to an NPUSCH transmission scheduled by a narrowband random access response grant, and can be given by the upper layer parameter edt-TBS.

[0454] For example, if otherwise, if the UE is set to the upper layer parameters, and if DCI is If retransmission is directed as part of a contention-based random access procedure including the most recent NPUSCH transmission containing a transmission block containing and EDT,

[0455] - TBS and modulation are This can be determined according to Table 29 in Section 16.3.3, and the transmission block may not include an EDT.

[0456] Table 29: MCS index for message 3 NPUSCH

[0457]

[0458] For example, if not, the UE is configured with the upper-level parameter npusch-16QAM-Config, the DCI is mapped on the UE-specific search space, and If set to '1111', or if using an NPUSCH transport with preset uplink resources and upper layer parameters pur-UL-16QAM-Config set, = 4

[0459] For example, otherwise, the UE is if In the case of modulation order = 2 can be used. For example, if UE is In the case of determining the modulation sequence to use for NPUSCH and Table 30 can be used.

[0460] Table 30: Modulation and TBS index table for NPUSCH including

[0461]

[0462] For example, if the UE is configured with the upper-level parameter npusch-MultiTB-Config and multiple TBs are reserved in the corresponding DCI, It can be used for each TB.

[0463] For example, NPUSCH associated with TB is TB, n i It can be transmitted in N NB-IoT UL slots associated with , i=0, 1, ..., N-1. For example, TB n i , j of B consecutive NB-IoT UL slots associated with , th For NPUSCH transfers in a block, the redundancy version associated with TB Is It can be determined by, where if The other side , otherwise . for example, Slots of resource unit(s) As defined in Section 6.3.2 in [4] mapped to TB associated with Part of the NPUSCH codeword containing TB n i , About and About It can be transmitted from the NB-IoT UL slot associated with ,.

[0464] For example, to determine the TBS to use for NPUSCH, the UE ( , ) and Table 31 can be used. For example, if In the case of can be given by Table 30, or if In the case where it is an NPUSCH including 16QAM, excluding NPUSCH transmissions using preset uplink resources, provided by the upper layer in PUR-Config-NB , otherwise . for example, may be the value of the “modulation and coding scheme for 16QAM” in DCI.

[0465] - If it is NPUSCH containing 16QAM , otherwise

[0466] Table 31: Transport Block Size (TBS) Table for NPUSCH

[0467]

[0468] For example, for an NPDCCH UE-specific search space, if the UE is configured with the upper layer parameter twoHARQ-ProcessesConfig or the UE is configured with the upper layer parameter npusch-MultiTB-Config and a single TB is scheduled in the corresponding DCI

[0469] - The NDI and HARQ process IDs as signaled on NPDCCH, and the RV and TBS as determined above, can be transmitted to the upper layer,

[0470] For example, otherwise

[0471] - NDI as signaled on NPDCCH, and RV and TBS as determined above, can be passed to the upper layer. If the UE is configured with the upper layer parameter npusch-MultiTB-Config and multiple TBs are scheduled in the corresponding DCI, a HARQ process ID of 0 may be considered for the first TB and a HARQ process ID of 1 may be considered for the second TB.

[0472] 16.5.2 UE Procedure for NPUSCH Retransmission

[0473] For example, regarding NPUSCH retransmission, the UE can follow the HARQ information in DCI as specified in [8].

[0474] FIG. 23 illustrates an example relating to the case where the value of N for the period of a TDD pattern is 9, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0475] Referring to Fig. 23, for example, a 70ms offset can be derived from 1020 mod 90 = 70. For example, an “orphan subframe” (e.g., 70ms) can be introduced to align the two structures after an SFN (or HSFN) wrap-around.

[0476] For example, in a next-generation system, the IoT NTN system may operate in the TDD band, and the default operation of the IoT NTN may be assumed to be in FDD mode. For example, in the above situation, a TDD mode for operating the IoT NTN in the TDD band may be supported in the next-generation system, and a specific TDD pattern may be applied (in the form of identical repetition and / or specific variation) with a period of N frames. For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, for convenience of explanation, it may be assumed that a TDD pattern consisting of a continuous set of DL subframes and / or a continuous set of UL subframes and / or guard time(s) (period(s)) with a period of N frames is applied. For example, referring to FIG. 23, the value of N may also include at least 9. For example, the value of N may also include at least 9 and / or be an integer value between 4 and 10. For example, the position combinations of the DL subframe, UL subframe, and guard periods in the above TDD pattern may also vary. For example, it may be in a form where a guard period is placed after the DL subframe, followed by the UL subframe, and then another guard period. For example, the configuration of the above TDD pattern may differ depending on the TDD mode period or period group.

[0477] For example, the NPRACH period can be set from 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560 msec, and / or the NPRACH start time can be set from 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 msec. For example, depending on the parameter N value related to the period of the TDD mode, the NPRACH resource location according to the NPRACH period and start time may not be aligned with the locations of the UL subframes of the TDD pattern of all TDD modes. For example, even if an NPRACH resource is located at the position of a UL subframe of a TDD pattern in a specific TDD mode cycle, if the N value is different from the NPRACH cycle or is not in a mutually multiple relationship, the position of the NPRACH resource within the cycle may shift slightly as the TDD mode cycle passes, which may mean that it may become difficult to secure the NPRACH resource depending on the TDD mode cycle.

[0478] For example, NPRACH resources that overlap in whole or in part with an area set as a DL subframe in a TDD pattern according to the TDD mode may be determined to be invalid. For example, the invalid NPRACH resources may be considered in the mapping process, but actual NPRACH transmission may not be performed for the invalid NPRACH resources, and / or the invalid NPRACH resources may be excluded from the mapping process.

[0479] For example, the unit of exclusion and / or transmission delay in the above mapping process may be two NPRACH symbol groups. For example, according to the TDD pattern, the number of NPRACH symbol groups that can be transmitted within an NPRACH repetition unit may be two and / or three and / or four. For example, if there is only one NPRACH symbol group that can be transmitted within an NPRACH repetition unit according to the TDD pattern, said symbol group may be dropped or transmission delayed. The basis for this is that in the case of NPRACH transmission, RTT is estimated using a first phase difference and a second phase difference using a pair of symbol groups mapped to different subcarriers, and if the transmission of at least two NPRACH symbol groups is guaranteed, at least one of said two phase differences can be calculated. For example, in addition, through relatively small granularity, the limited amount of UL resources in the TDD pattern can be used as efficiently as possible.

[0480] For example, the terminal can expect the value of N for the TDD mode period to be in the form of a multiple of the NPRACH period. For example, the value of N for the TDD mode period can be 4, 8, or 16. For example, the value of the NPRACH period can be expressed and / or set as a multiple of 10*N. For example, when the value of N is 9, the value of the NPRACH period can be 45, 90, 180 msec, etc.

[0481] For example, if the terminal has a TDD mode period of 10*N and the NPRACH resource period of K, the NPRACH resource and / or TDD pattern and / or UL subframe location of the TDD pattern may be repeatedly set with a period of the least common multiple (LCM) of 10*N and K and / or multiples thereof.

[0482] For example, for a terminal operating in TDD mode, the location of the NPRACH start time within the period for each NPRACH resource period may differ.

[0483] For example, for the largest integer value M satisfying K*M <= 10*N, the terminal may delay or / or advance the NPRACH start resource position within the NPRACH period by a multiple of 10*NK*M msec in the NPRACH period following every M NPRACH periods.

[0484] For example, for a terminal operating in TDD mode, the position of the in-period UL subframe set may differ from TDD mode period to period. For example, for the largest integer value M satisfying K*M <= 10*N, the terminal may delay the position of the in-period UL subframe set for every TDD mode period and / or the terminal may advance the position of the in-period UL subframe set for every TDD mode period. For example, for the largest integer value M satisfying K*M <= 10*N, the terminal may delay the in-period UL subframe set location by a multiple of 10*NK*M msec for every TDD mode period and / or the terminal may advance the in-period UL subframe set location by a multiple of 10*NK*M msec for every TDD mode period and / or the terminal may apply a time offset in the form of delaying the in-period UL subframe set location to the TDD pattern by a multiple of 10*NK*M msec for every TDD mode period and / or the terminal may apply a time offset in the form of advancing the in-period UL subframe set location to the TDD pattern by a multiple of 10*NK*M msec for every TDD mode period.

[0485] For example, for the largest integer value L satisfying K >= 10 * N * L, the terminal can delay the in-period UL subframe set location for every TDD mode period and / or the terminal can advance the in-period UL subframe set location for every TDD mode period. For example, for the largest integer L value satisfying K >= 10*N*L, the terminal may delay the in-period UL subframe set position by a multiple of K-10*N*L msec for every TDD mode period, and / or the terminal may advance the in-period UL subframe set position by a multiple of K-10*N*L msec for every TDD mode period, and / or the terminal may apply a time offset in the form of delaying the in-period UL subframe set position to the TDD pattern by a multiple of K-10*N*L msec for every TDD mode period, and / or the terminal may apply a time offset in the form of advancing the in-period UL subframe set position to the TDD pattern by a multiple of K-10*N*L msec for every TDD mode period.

[0486] The basis for this is to place NPRACH (start) resources in the UL subframe location according to the TDD pattern.

[0487] For example, if the N value of the TDD pattern is 9 and the NPRACH period value is 40 msec, the TDD pattern and / or the location of the UL subframe set in the TDD pattern may be repeated in a 360 msec period, and / or the (additional) time offset for the location of the TDD pattern and / or the UL subframe set in the TDD pattern for each TDD mode period within the 360 ​​msec period may be 0, -10, +20, -10 msec and / or 0, -10, -20, -30 msec, respectively.

[0488] For example, if the N value of the TDD pattern is 9 and the NPRACH period value is 80 msec, the TDD pattern and / or the location of the UL subframe set in the TDD pattern may be repeated at a period of 720 msec, and / or the (additional) time offset for the location of the TDD pattern and / or the UL subframe set in the TDD pattern at each TDD mode period within the 720 msec period may be 0, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -60, -70 msec and / or 0, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -60, 0 msec, respectively.

[0489] For example, for a specific UL channel / signal, transmission by the terminal and reception by the base station node or NTN node may be allowed regardless of the UL subframe setting of the TDD pattern and / or within the DL subframe and / or guard period. For example, the specific UL channel / signal may be associated with NPRACH transmission and / or initial access procedure. For example, the DL subframe may be limited to cases where the terminal can configure a RAR window (e.g., where at least one NPDCCH monitoring within the RAR window is allowed, or where all NPDCCH monitorings according to the set RAR window size are allowed). For example, the time interval during which NPRACH transmission is permitted may include a specific offset (e.g., X value) based on the preamble format and the number of repetitions from a DL subframe (for RAR reception) and / or a UE-eNB RTT value and / or the sum of the above, and / or a time point at which NPRACH can be transmitted and / or a time point at which the end of an NRPACH repetition can be transmitted. For example, if an NPRACH resource (time point) and a DL subframe overlap in the above operation, the terminal may interpret the time point as a DL subframe and / or may not use it for NPRACH transmission. For example, in the above situation, if there is some overlap with a DL subframe for a specific NPRACH repetition count or CE level, the terminal may not use only the corresponding NPRACH repetition count and / or CE level and / or the terminal may not perform the entire NPRACH transmission.

[0490] UE-eNB RTT: For non-terrestrial networks, it is the sum of the UE's timing advance value (TS 36.211 [7], see Section 8.1) and k-Mac in subframes, and is not rounded or truncated to an integer number of subframes.

[0491] For example, if the UE is an NB-IoT UE:

[0492] - When the random access preamble is transmitted over a non-terrestrial network:

[0493] - The RA response window may start after adding the X subframe and the UE-eNB RTT to the subframe containing the end of the last preamble iteration, and may have a length of ra-ResponseWindowSize for the corresponding extended coverage level, where the value X can be determined from Table 17 based on the preamble format used and the number of NPRACH iterations;

[0494] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a problem related to the timing of a RAR window startup according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0495] Referring to FIG. 24, for example, the terminal may expect RAR reception by setting a RAR window after a specific offset (X value) and / or UE-eNB RTT value and / or the sum of the above values, based on the preamble format and the number of repetitions in the last subframe containing NPRACH transmission. For example, when operating in TDD mode in the above situation, if there is no DL subframe in the TDD pattern at the time the RAR window is set, the terminal may not expect RAR reception, and depending on the size of the RAR window, RAR reception may be impossible or inefficient.

[0496] Referring to FIG. 24, for example, if the terminal does not have a DL subframe at the time when the RAR window is set while operating in TDD mode, after the time when the preamble format and repetition count of the last subframe containing the NPRACH transmission, a specific offset (X value) and / or the UE-eNB RTT value and / or the sum of the above values, then RAR reception may be impossible. Therefore, to prevent RAR reception from being impossible when the terminal does not have a DL subframe at the time when the RAR window is set while operating in TDD mode, after the time when the preamble format and repetition count of the last subframe containing the NPRACH transmission, a specific offset (X value) and / or the UE-eNB RTT value and / or the sum of the above values, then the terminal needs to change the starting position of the RAR window.

[0497] Referring to FIG. 24, in the relevant technology, the terminal sets a RAR window by considering the UE-eNB RTT and a specific offset (X value) based on the preamble format and the number of repetitions from the last time resource of the NPRACH transmission. However, when operating in TDD mode in an NTN environment, the time at which the RAR window is initiated may not coincide with the actual downlink subframe in the TDD pattern. In such cases,

[0498] - The terminal cannot expect RAR reception because downlink resources do not exist within the configured window range, or

[0499] - If the window length is short, no opportunity to receive RAR is given at all, and

[0500] Even if the window length is long, the efficiency of actual receivable subframes is significantly reduced, leading to problems such as delays in the RAR reception process or an increase in repeated attempts.

[0501] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a RAR window start time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0502] Referring to FIG. 25, for example, in determining the size of a RAR window, counting may be performed for at least DL subframes (NPDCCH monitoring occasions and / or NPDCCH cycles within) set in a TDD pattern. For example, in the above case, a specific RAR window may exist over multiple TDD mode cycles. For example, the starting position of the RAR window may be a DL subframe (NPDCCH monitoring occasions and / or NPDCCH cycles within) set in the earliest TDD pattern after a specific offset (X value) and / or UE-eNB RTT value and / or the sum of the above values, based on the preamble format and repetition count in the last subframe containing the NPRACH transmission. For example, the start time of a RAR window may be limited to cases where the entire RAR window can be included in a set of DL subframes configured as a TDD pattern, and thus, if the above condition is not satisfied, the start time of the RAR window may be delayed to the next TDD mode cycle.

[0503] According to the present disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0504] - The terminal can align the starting point of the RAR window to the actual downlink subframe on the TDD pattern by considering the value X, which is determined by the preamble format and the number of repetitions, and the UE-eNB RTT, after the subframe containing the last time resource of the NPRACH transmission.

[0505] This prevents the problem where the terminal cannot expect to receive RAR at all because there is no downlink subframe at the time the RAR window starts in NTN TDD mode.

[0506] In addition, since valid downlink subframes can be secured within the RAR window size, the probability of RAR message reception failure can be reduced, and unnecessary random access retries can be suppressed.

[0507] - As a result, random access procedure delays can be minimized, and the RAR reception success rate and overall connection efficiency in the NTN TDD environment can be improved.

[0508] For example, as the time offset value between NPRACH and RAR becomes longer, RAR windows for multiple NPRACHs at different times may overlap. For example, if RAR messages for different NPRACHs can be transmitted through the same NPDCCH / NPDSCH, it may be necessary to additionally distinguish between NPRACHs.

[0509] For example, when the terminal operates in TDD mode, RA-RNTI may be determined by an SFN ID and / or a carrier ID and / or a hyper SFN value. For example, the terminal may apply mutually different additional offsets so that the starting position of the RAR window may be different for NPRACH at different times.

[0510] For example, when the terminal operates in TDD mode, the RAPID (random access preamble identifier or identification) may use the start subcarrier index and / or all or part of the SFN information and / or all or part of the hyper SFN information.

[0511] For example, when receiving a RAR and transmitting Msg3 based on the UL grant for Msg3 included in the RAR, depending on the TDD pattern, Msg3 may not be properly scheduled with the UL grant. For example, if the subframe designated as the MSG3 resource in the UL grant is not the UL subframe set in the TDD pattern, the terminal may transmit Msg3 in the fastest UL subframe after the designated subframe. For example, the subframe offset designated as the MSG3 resource in the UL grant may be counted only for the UL subframe in the TDD pattern. For example, K_offset may be applied to all subframes, but I_Delay may be counted for the UL subframe after the subframe designated by K_offset. For example, if there is no UL subframe after RAR within the TDD mode cycle in which RAR is received, a specific time offset may be additionally applied to set / indicate the Msg3 subframe. For example, the above Msg3 may be transmitted in the next cycle of the TDD mode cycle.

[0512] For example, a terminal may transmit Msg3 and expect to receive Msg4 for contention resolution, and the reception of Msg4 may be limited to when a timer for contention resolution (e.g., mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) is running. Therefore, if there are no DL subframes according to the TDD pattern or there are insufficient DL subframes during the time interval at which the timer starts and runs, the initial connection procedure may be impossible or inefficient.

[0513] For example, a timer for contention resolution (e.g., mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) may be operated only for the area set as a DL subframe (NPDCCH monitoring occasion and / or NPDCCH period within it) in the TDD pattern, and / or the timer may be temporarily suspended / maintained in other areas (e.g., areas outside the area set as a DL subframe (NPDCCH monitoring occasion and / or NPDCCH period within it) in the TDD pattern).

[0514] For example, a timer for contention resolution (e.g., mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) may be (re)started from a subframe containing the last repetition of NPUSCH for Msg3, or from a DL subframe (NPDCCH monitoring occasion and / or NPDCCH cycle) set in the earliest TDD pattern from a point in time after UE-eNB RTT.

[0515] For example, in NB-IoT, the 6 LSBs of the SFN can be estimated based on the NPSS, NSSS, and NPBCH transmission forms. For example, more specifically, in the case of NSSS, different cyclic shift values ​​are applied repeatedly at a period of 80 msec for each (even) frame, the scrambling sequence of NPBCH can have different values ​​applied repeatedly at a period of 640 msec for each frame, and the mapping method for the complex-coded symbols for NPBCH can be applied repeatedly at a period of 640 msec in a form where they are partitioned into 8 parts and each is repeated 8 times. For example, the location of a specific subframe (e.g., subframe #0) within a frame can be estimated using NPSS, information about which frame within a specific 80 msec it is can be estimated using single or multiple NSSS detections, and information about which 80 msec interval within 640 msec it is can be estimated using BD (blind decoding) of the scrambling sequence and complex coded symbols of NPBCH.

[0516] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently to single-tone transmission and multi-tone transmission.

[0517] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the number of allocated subcarriers for transmission.

[0518] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on the transmission content of NPUSCH (e.g., SIB1-NB, SIB, paging, random access procedure related information or other data).

[0519] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, multiplexing-related parameters for NPUSCH DMRS may be implicitly determined through multiplexing-related parameters for NPUSCH data and / or the determination in the opposite direction may also be extended and applied.

[0520] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0521] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently to the type of non-geostational network node (e.g., GEO (geostationary earth orbit), NGEO (non-geostationary earth orbit), LEO (low earth orbit), MEO (medium earth orbit), HASP (high altitude satellite platform), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0522] Various embodiments of the present disclosure or combinations thereof may be applied differently depending on whether NB-IoT UL transmission occurs from a preconfigured UL resource.

[0523] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the TDD setting and utilization are not limited to the TDD band, and can be extended to the FDD band and / or a combination of specific DL band and / or UL band.

[0524] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station or network node may be a satellite. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a transparent payload. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a regenerated payload.

[0525] A combination of embodiments of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0526] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (DL, UL, SL) and / or the data type (SIB, group cast, unicast) and / or the search space type (CSS (common search space), USS (UE-specific search space)) where the scheduling PDCCH is detected and / or the base station node type and / or altitude and / or whether there is a power constraint. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when involved in SIB transmission.

[0527] FIG. 26 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0528] Referring to FIG. 26, at step S2610, the first device may obtain a time division duplex (TDD) setting. At step S2620, the first device may transmit a random access preamble. At step S2630, the first device may receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start from the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble plus a value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT). For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0529] For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT, which includes the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0530] For example, the fastest downlink time resource mentioned above may be the fastest downlink subframe.

[0531] For example, the fastest downlink subframe mentioned above may be a downlink subframe for the fastest downlink control channel.

[0532] For example, the fastest downlink control channel may be at least one of the monitoring opportunity of the fastest downlink control channel or the period of the fastest downlink control channel.

[0533] For example, the period of the TDD pattern set by the above TDD setting may be 9 radio frames.

[0534] For example, based on the fact that the first device is NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) and based on the fact that the random access preamble is transmitted from a non-terrestrial network, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the subframe plus the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT.

[0535] For example, the above value X can be 4 subframes in NB-IoT.

[0536] For example, the above value X may be in subframe units. For example, the above UE-eNB RTT may be in subframe units.

[0537] For example, the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble may be the last preamble iteration associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0538] For example, the random access preamble may be transmitted to a second device. For example, the random access response may be received from the second device. For example, the first device may be an NB-IoT terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a non-terrestrial network node.

[0539] For example, the number of iterations mentioned above may be the number of NPRACH (narrowband physical random access channel) iterations.

[0540] For example, the fastest downlink control channel mentioned above may be the fastest NPDCCH (narrowband physical downlink control channel).

[0541] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may obtain a time division duplex (TDD) setting (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to obtain a time division duplex (TDD) setting). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may transmit a random access preamble (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to transmit a random access preamble). And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window). For example, the random access response window can start from the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time). For example, the value X can be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0542] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; to transmit a random access preamble; and to receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0543] For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT, which includes the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0544] For example, the fastest downlink time resource mentioned above may be the fastest downlink subframe.

[0545] For example, the fastest downlink subframe mentioned above may be a downlink subframe for the fastest downlink control channel.

[0546] For example, the fastest downlink control channel may be at least one of the monitoring opportunity of the fastest downlink control channel or the period of the fastest downlink control channel.

[0547] For example, the period of the TDD pattern set by the above TDD setting may be 9 radio frames.

[0548] For example, based on the fact that the first device is NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) and based on the fact that the random access preamble is transmitted from a non-terrestrial network, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the subframe plus the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT.

[0549] For example, the above value X can be 4 subframes in NB-IoT.

[0550] For example, the above value X may be in subframe units. For example, the above UE-eNB RTT may be in subframe units.

[0551] For example, the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble may be the last preamble iteration associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0552] For example, the random access preamble may be transmitted to a second device. For example, the random access response may be received from the second device. For example, the first device may be an NB-IoT terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a non-terrestrial network node.

[0553] For example, the number of iterations mentioned above may be the number of NPRACH (narrowband physical random access channel) iterations.

[0554] For example, the fastest downlink control channel mentioned above may be the fastest NPDCCH (narrowband physical downlink control channel).

[0555] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; to transmit a random access preamble; and to receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0556] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a time division duplex (TDD) setting; transmit a random access preamble; and receive a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0557] FIG. 27 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0558] Referring to FIG. 27, at step S2710, the second device may transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device. At step S2720, the second device may receive a random access preamble from the first device. At step S2730, the second device may transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window to the first device. For example, the random access response window may start from the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble plus a value X plus the round trip time (RTT) of the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB). For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0559] For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT, which includes the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0560] For example, the fastest downlink time resource mentioned above may be the fastest downlink subframe.

[0561] For example, the fastest downlink subframe mentioned above may be a downlink subframe for the fastest downlink control channel.

[0562] For example, the fastest downlink control channel may be at least one of the monitoring opportunity of the fastest downlink control channel or the period of the fastest downlink control channel.

[0563] For example, the period of the TDD pattern set by the above TDD setting may be 9 radio frames.

[0564] For example, based on the fact that the first device is NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) and based on the fact that the random access preamble is received from a non-terrestrial network, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the subframe plus the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT.

[0565] For example, the above value X can be 4 subframes in NB-IoT.

[0566] For example, the above value X may be in subframe units. For example, the above UE-eNB RTT may be in subframe units.

[0567] For example, the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble may be the last preamble iteration associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0568] For example, the first device may be an NB-IoT terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a non-terrestrial network node.

[0569] For example, the number of iterations mentioned above may be the number of NPRACH (narrowband physical random access channel) iterations.

[0570] For example, the fastest downlink control channel mentioned above may be the fastest NPDCCH (narrowband physical downlink control channel).

[0571] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit the time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may receive a random access preamble from the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to receive a random access preamble from the first device). And, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window to the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window to the first device). For example, the random access response window may start from the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time). For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0572] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the above value X can be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0573] For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT, which includes the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0574] For example, the fastest downlink time resource mentioned above may be the fastest downlink subframe.

[0575] For example, the fastest downlink subframe mentioned above may be a downlink subframe for the fastest downlink control channel.

[0576] For example, the fastest downlink control channel may be at least one of the monitoring opportunity of the fastest downlink control channel or the period of the fastest downlink control channel.

[0577] For example, the period of the TDD pattern set by the above TDD setting may be 9 radio frames.

[0578] For example, based on the fact that the first device is NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) and based on the fact that the random access preamble is received from a non-terrestrial network, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the subframe plus the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT.

[0579] For example, the above value X can be 4 subframes in NB-IoT.

[0580] For example, the above value X may be in subframe units. For example, the above UE-eNB RTT may be in subframe units.

[0581] For example, the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble may be the last preamble iteration associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0582] For example, the first device may be an NB-IoT terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a non-terrestrial network node.

[0583] For example, the number of iterations mentioned above may be the number of NPRACH (narrowband physical random access channel) iterations.

[0584] For example, the fastest downlink control channel mentioned above may be the fastest NPDCCH (narrowband physical downlink control channel).

[0585] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the above value X can be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0586] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: transmit a time division duplex (TDD) setting to the first device; receive a random access preamble from the first device; and transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble to the first device in a random access response window. For example, the random access response window may start at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after a value X plus a UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) round trip time (RTT) from the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble. For example, the value X may be determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of iterations associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

[0587] According to the present disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0588] - The terminal can align the starting point of the RAR window to the actual downlink subframe on the TDD pattern by considering the value X, which is determined by the preamble format and the number of repetitions, and the UE-eNB RTT, after the subframe containing the last time resource of the NPRACH transmission.

[0589] This prevents the problem where the terminal cannot expect to receive RAR at all because there is no downlink subframe at the time the RAR window starts in NTN TDD mode.

[0590] In addition, since valid downlink subframes can be secured within the RAR window size, the probability of RAR message reception failure can be reduced, and unnecessary random access retries can be suppressed.

[0591] - As a result, random access procedure delays can be minimized, and the RAR reception success rate and overall connection efficiency in the NTN TDD environment can be improved.

[0592] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0593] The present disclosure describes a 5G wireless communication system as an example. This can be similarly applied and used in 6G wireless communication systems, etc.

[0594] The proposed method above may be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0595] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0596] Although not limited to, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0597] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0598] FIG. 28 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0599] Referring to FIG. 28, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0600] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0601] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0602] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR, 6G, etc.), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0603] FIG. 29 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 29 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0604] Referring to FIG. 29, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 28.

[0605] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0606] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0607] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0608] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0609] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0610] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0611] FIG. 30 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 30 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0612] Referring to FIG. 30, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 30 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29. The hardware elements of FIG. 30 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 29. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 29, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29.

[0613] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 30. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0614] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0615] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0616] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 30. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 29) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0617] FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 28). The embodiment of FIG. 31 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0618] Referring to FIG. 31, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 29 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 29. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 29. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0619] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 28, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 28, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 28, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 28, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 28, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 28, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 28, 400), a base station (Fig. 28, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0620] In FIG. 31, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0621] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 31 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0622] FIG. 32 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), User Terminal (UT), Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), Subscriber Station (SS), Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 32 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0623] Referring to FIG. 32, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 31.

[0624] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0625] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

Claims

In terms of method, The first device acquires a TDD (time division duplex) setting; The first device comprises the step of transmitting a random access preamble; and The first device comprises the step of receiving a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window; wherein The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A method in which the above value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble. In paragraph 1, A method in which the random access response window includes the last time resource of the transmission of the random access preamble, plus the value X plus the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the UE-eNB RTT. In paragraph 2, The above fastest downlink time resource is the fastest downlink subframe, method. In paragraph 3, The above fastest downlink subframe is a downlink subframe for the fastest downlink control channel, a method. In paragraph 4, A method in which the fastest downlink control channel is at least one of the monitoring opportunity of the fastest downlink control channel or the period of the fastest downlink control channel. In paragraph 2, A method in which the period of the TDD pattern set by the above TDD setting is 9 radio frames. In paragraph 2, A method based on the fact that the first device is an NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things), and based on the fact that the random access preamble is transmitted from a non-terrestrial network, wherein the random access response window starts from the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD setting after the subframe plus the value X plus the UE-eNB RTT. In paragraph 2, The above value X is a method that is 4 subframes in NB-IoT. In paragraph 2, The above value X is in subframe units, and The above UE-eNB RTT is a method in subframe units. In paragraph 2, The last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble is the last preamble iteration associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble, method. In paragraph 2, The above random access preamble is transmitted to a second device, and The above random access response is received from the second device, and The first device above is an NB-IoT terminal, and. The method, wherein the second device is a base station or a non-ground network node. In paragraph 2, A method in which the number of iterations above is the number of NPRACH (narrowband physical random access channel) iterations. In paragraph 4, The above fastest downlink control channel is the fastest NPDCCH (narrowband physical downlink control channel), method. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Acquire TDD (time division duplex) settings; to transmit a random access preamble; and To receive a random access response associated with the above random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A first device, wherein the value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Acquire TDD (time division duplex) settings; to transmit a random access preamble; and To receive a random access response associated with the above random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A processing device in which the above value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble. As a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: Acquire TDD (time division duplex) settings; to transmit a random access preamble; and To receive a random access response associated with the above random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium, wherein the value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble. In terms of method, A step in which the second device transmits TDD (time division duplex) settings to the first device; The step of the second device receiving a random access preamble from the first device; and The method comprises the step of the second device transmitting to the first device a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window; wherein The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A method in which the above value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the first device transmit TDD (time division duplex) settings; Receiving a random access preamble from the first device; and The first device is configured to transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A second device, wherein the value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble. In a processing device, At least one processor; and A second device comprising at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the first device transmit TDD (time division duplex) settings; Receiving a random access preamble from the first device; and The first device is configured to transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A processing device in which the above value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the above random access preamble. As a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: To have the first device transmit TDD (time division duplex) settings; Receiving a random access preamble from the first device; and The first device is configured to transmit a random access response associated with the random access preamble in a random access response window, The above random access response window starts at the fastest downlink time resource set by the TDD configuration after the value X plus the UE-eNB (user equipment-eNodeB) RTT (round trip time) from the last time resource of the transmission of the above random access preamble, and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium, wherein the value X is determined based on the preamble format associated with the transmission of the random access preamble and the number of repetitions associated with the transmission of the random access preamble.

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