Delivery system for gene editing and uses thereof
The MED26-based delivery system using PEG and optional glycerol or carbohydrates forms condensates for efficient delivery and expression of agents in primary cells, addressing the understanding of MED26's role in transcription and enhancing gene editing in cells like T cells for therapeutic applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WESTLAKE PHASEX THERAPEUTICS (HANGZHOU) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
The regulatory roles of Mediator subunits, particularly MED26, in transcription elongation and their contribution to developmental processes, such as erythropoiesis, are not well understood, and efficient methods for delivering agents like nucleic acids to primary cells are lacking.
A delivery system using an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with MED26 polypeptide or its active fragment, optionally with glycerol or carbohydrates, to form condensates for efficient delivery of agents like nucleic acids to primary cells.
Enhances the delivery and expression of agents like nucleic acids in primary cells, such as T cells, improving gene editing and therapeutic applications, particularly in treating diseases like cancer.
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Abstract
Description
DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR GENE EDITING AND USES THEREOFFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present application is in the field of gene editing.BACKGROUND
[0002] In steady-state erythropoiesis, approximately 2-3 million red blood cells are produced per second in the bone marrow (4) . The early erythroid progenitors, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells, can differentiate into the late progenitors, colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells (5) . CFU-Es progressively differentiate into mature red blood cells through a series of 3–5 cell divisions, termed terminal erythropoiesis (6) . During terminal erythropoiesis, erythroblasts undergo dramatic changes including nuclear condensation, wide-range transcription repression, extensive hemoglobin biogenesis, enucleation, and organelle clearance (7, 8) . Defects in erythroid differentiation have been observed in myelodysplastic syndromes and megaloblastic anemia (9) . Terminal erythropoiesis has been associated with a decline in certain histone marks involved with transcription elongation, including H3K36me2, H3K36me3, and H3K79me2 (1, 10) , along with an increase in H4K20me, a modification associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing and erythroblast chromatin condensation (11, 12) . However, this process does not increase repressive histone marks H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, which are associated with heterochromatin formation. The positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) , which contains the catalytic subunit cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) , cooperates with the master erythroid transcription factor GATA1 to enhance transcription elongation (13) . Hexim1, a regulator that promotes Pol II pausing, is highly expressed during terminal erythropoiesis, and is associated with accelerated differentiation of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) -treated HUDEP-2 erythroid cells (14) . Collectively, these findings suggest regulatory roles in erythropoiesis related to transcription pausing and elongation.
[0003] Phase separation, which mediates membraneless compartment organization termed biomolecular condensates, has become an emerging model to explain diverse cellular events, including transcription regulation (15-17) . Phase separation participates in transcription initiation and elongation via phosphorylation of the Pol II CTD (18) . The presence of promoter condensates and gene-body condensates have been proposed at different transcription steps (3, 19) . Although several proteins with phase separation capacity, including BRD4, MED1, and Pol II CTD (20-22) , have been identified in transcription condensates, it remains unclear whether the dynamic composition of these condensates could contribute to driving the progression of developmental processes.
[0004] The Mediator complex, also known as the TRAP / SMCC, CRSP, PC2, or ARC complex, is a large multi-subunit complex composed of head, middle, tail, and CDK8 kinase modules, and is conserved from yeasts to metazoans (23, 24) . The Mediator complex forms a functional bridge between gene promoters and enhancers, linking tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs) with general transcription factors (GTFs) and Pol II, thereby serving as an integrative hub for pre-initiation complex assembly, transcription elongation, and termination (23, 25) . Several Mediator subunits have been shown to be important for various developmental processes through their associations with tissue-specific TFs (26) . During erythropoiesis, MED1 is a cofactor of GATA1; MED1 knockout mice died at E11.5 of severe anemia (27, 28) . Previous studies on Mediator-regulated developmental processes often focused on the function of a single subunit and its cooperation with a TF; however, it remains unclear whether individual Mediator subunits have differential functions throughout the stages of development, thereby contributing to the establishment of a context-dependent transcriptional program (29) .
[0005] MED26 is a unique subunit in that, based on previous biochemical studies, its presence is usually exclusive to the CDK8 kinase module, and therefore is often regarded as a transcription activator (30) . MED26 directly interacts with the super elongation complex (SEC) and the little elongation complex (LEC) containing P-TEFb via its N-terminal domain (NTD) (31-33) . MED26 also functions as a molecular switch from its initiation state to its elongation state via interaction with the GTF TFIID (32) . However, further investigation is necessary to determine the underlying molecular mechanism between MED26 and various aspects of transcription and its subsequent connection to the developmental process.SUMMARY
[0006] Provided is a kit for delivering an agent to a cell, preferably to a primary cell, comprising: (a) an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) ; and (b) a Med26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof; optionally, the kit further comprises: (c) a polyol, preferably glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.
[0007] Also provided is a method of preparing a condensate composition comprising an agent and a mediator complex subunit (MED26) polypeptide or active fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the method comprises comprising preparing a mixture comprising the agent, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, and an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) . In certain embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the mixture with a polyol, such as glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose. In certain embodiments, the mixture is prepared by a method comprising: contacting the agent with the aqueous solution to obtain a first solution; and contacting the first solution with the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof to obtain the mixture.
[0008] In certain embodiments, the aqueous solution comprises PEG.
[0009] In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0010] In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid, such as an RNA or DNA molecule. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a DNA molecule, such as a circular DNA (e.g., a plasmid DNA) or a linear DNA (e.g., an antisense DNA) . In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is an RNA, such as an mRNA, an siRNA, an antisense RNA, a linear RNA, a circular RNA or a tRNA. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes one or more components for gene editing, such as one or more of a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) , a tracrRNA that hybridizes with the crRNA, and a Cas endonuclease (such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13) . In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a recombinant protein, such as a cell surface receptor, e.g., a chimeric antigen receptor, a T cell receptor, a cytokine receptor; an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; a cytokine, e.g., interferon, interleukin (e.g., IL-12, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) ; or a growth factor.
[0011] In certain embodiments, the agent is a peptide or polypeptide.
[0012] In certain embodiments, the agent is a hydrophilic compound, such as a hydrophilic small molecule compound.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-30% (w / v) PEG, such as 2-20% (w / v) PEG, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%or 15% (w / v) PEG, preferably 10% (w / v) PEG.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-30% (w / v) glycerol, such as 2-20% (w / v) glycerol, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%or 15%(w / v) glycerol, preferably 10% (w / v) glycerol.
[0015] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-200 nM of the nucleic acid, preferably 5-150 nM, such as 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, or 150 nM, more preferably 50 nM of the nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-50 μM of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, preferably 1-10 μM, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 μM, more preferably 5 μM, of the of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.
[0016] Also provided is a method of delivering an agent to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising contacting the cell in a first cell culture medium with the condensate composition prepared by the method according to any methods of the application to obtain a delivery mixture.
[0017] In certain embodiments, the first cell culture medium is a reduced-serum medium, such as a minimal essential medium with no or reduced amount of serum (e.g., fetal bovine serum) .
[0018] In certain embodiments, the method further comprises incubating the cell in the delivery mixture at a temperature of about 37℃, preferably for an incubation period of about 10 minutes to 3 hours after the initial contact of the cell with the condensate composition.
[0019] In certain embodiments, the method further comprises growing the cell in a second cell culture medium after the incubation period, preferably, the second cell culture medium is a complete medium.
[0020] In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor. In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant T cell receptor. In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid encoding one or more gene edits to the primary cell. In certain embodiments, the agent is a peptide or polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the agent is a hydrophilic small molecule compound.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the cell is a T cell, such as a human primary T cell or a murine primary T cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a NK cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a B cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) .
[0022] Also provided is a modified cell comprising an agent delivered to a cell using the method of the application.
[0023] In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid, and the modified cell is stably transfected with the nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid, and the modified cell is transiently transfected with the nucleic acid.
[0024] Also provided is a method of treating a disease or disorder, such as cancer, in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the modified cell of any one of claims 36-40.
[0025] Also provided is a method of administering an agent to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a condensate composition comprising the agent and a MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid, such as an RNA or DNA molecule, a peptide, a polypeptide or a hydrophilic compound.
[0027] In certain embodiment, the condensate composition is prepared by a method of the application.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition further comprises one or more lipids, such as 1, 2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) , Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) , cholesterol, 1, 2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG) .
[0029] Also provided is a method of administering a nucleic acid or a polypeptide to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising administering to the cell the condensate composition prepared by the method according to the application.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The foregoing and other objects, aspects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments will become more apparent and may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0031] FIGs. 1A-B show fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) , including primary T cells, B cells, monocyte cells and natural killer (NK) cells 24 hours after PBMC transfected with control (FIG. 1A) or GFP mRNA using a MED26 / GFP mRNA condensate composition.
[0032] FIGs. 2A-B show microscopy images of primary T cells transfected with a MED26 / GFP mRNA using a GFP mRNA condensate composition. FIG. 2A shows cells imaged under fluorescent microscope. FIG. 2B shows cells imagined under the brightfield microscope.
[0033] FIG. 3A-C show sustained expression and cell viability in MED26 / GFP mRNA condensate composition transfected cells compared to untransfected cells (UnT) . FIG. 3A shows GFP mRNA expression in primary T cells over time measured by FACS. FIG. 3B is a graph showing percent cell viability post transfection. FIG. 3C is a graph showing fold cell expansion over time for transfected and untransfected cells.
[0034] FIG. 4 shows confocal images of cells expressing GFP, mCherry, and blue fluorescent protein (BFP) after co-transfection of primary T cells using a MED26 / GFP mRNA, mCherry mRNA and BFP mRNA condensate composition.
[0035] FIG. 5 shows a graph of relative mRNA expression measured in primary cells simultaneously transfected with six RNAs using MED26 condensate or a control.
[0036] FIG. 6A shows flow cytometry results measuring the CD3-TCR complex in primary T cells simultaneously transfected with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting the TRAC gene. FIG. 6B shows sequencing results of the PCR product to analyze editing efficiency.
[0037] FIGs. 7A-B show comparison of the cytotoxicity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cells obtained by transfection with a MED26 / CD19 CAR mRNA condensate composition or with lentiviral infection. FIG. 7A shows percent CD19 positive cells in condensate composition transfected and lentivirus infected cells. FIG. 7B shows the cytotoxicity at an E / T (effector cell / target cell) ratio of 3 / 1 when CAR-T cells transfected with a CD19 CAR mRNA by MED26 condensate composition or with lentiviral infection were combined with Raji-luc tumor cells.
[0038] FIGs. 8A-B show the in vivo drug metabolism of CD19 mRNA CAR-T over time. FIG. 8A shows the FACS results showing percentage of CAR positive cells in PBMC over six days in a mouse injected with CD19 mRNA CAR-T cells. FIG. 8B shows the FACS results showing percentage of CAR positive cells in PBMC over six days in a mouse injected with control Untransduced T cell (UnT) cells.
[0039] FIGs. 9A-B show the in vivo anti-tumor effect of human CD19 mRNA transfected CAR-T cells. FIG. 9A shows imaging at day 7 following Raji-luc tumor cell transplant prior to administering CAR-T or control UnT cells to the mouse. FIG. 9B shows day 14 imaging of the mice which showed that the condensate transfected CD19 mRNA CAR-T had anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
[0040] FIG. 10 shows FACS analysis of condensate transfected human Her2 mRNA CAR-T compared to UnTransduced mouse T cells.
[0041] FIG. 11A shows sequence alignment results comparing human MED26 amino acid sequence and mouse MED26 amino acid sequence. FIG. 11B shows a graph of PONDR-FIT results predict the intrinsic disordered region of mouse MED26 protein, showing that most of the mouse MED26 protein sequence is a disordered region without a fixed structure, which indicates that it has a strong ability to form condensates.
[0042] FIG. 12 shows SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results of hydrophobic chromatography demonstrating that the mouse MED26 protein band was around 65KD.
[0043] FIG. 13 shows fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of K562, Raji, Jurkat, KP, MC38, and 293A cells where GFP mRNA was delivered using mouse MED26.
[0044] FIG. 14 shows the statistical data on viability and mRNA expression ratios for various cell lines in which GFP mRNA was delivered using human MED26 condensate.
[0045] FIGs. 15A-D shows GFP protein delivery to Jurkat cells through human MED26 condensate. FIG. 15A shows the fluorescent image of Jurkat cells transfected with human MED26-GFP protein condensate; FIG. 15B shows the FACS analysis of Jurkat cells transfected with human MED26-GFP protein condensate; FIG. 15C shows the fluorescent image of Jurkat cells treated with GFP protein; FIG. 15D shows the FACS analysis of Jurkat cells treated with GFP protein.
[0046] FIGs. 16A-B show in vivo delivery of human MED26-luciferase mRNA condensate. FIG. 16A shows the bioluminescence image of mice that were intravenously injected with human MED26-luciferase mRNA condensate; FIG. 16B shows the bioluminescence image of the primary organs from the mice in FIG. 16A.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] Various publications, articles and patents are cited or described in the background and throughout the specification; each of these references is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is for the purpose of providing context for the invention. Such discussion is not an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art with respect to any inventions disclosed or claimed.
[0048] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Otherwise, certain terms used herein have the meanings as set forth in the specification.
[0049] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0050] Unless otherwise stated, any numerical values, such as a concentration or a concentration range described herein, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about. ” Thus, a numerical value typically includes ± 10%of the recited value. For example, a concentration of 1 mg / mL includes 0.9 mg / mL to 1.1 mg / mL. Likewise, a concentration range of 1%to 10% (w / v) includes 0.9% (w / v) to 11% (w / v) . As used herein, the use of a numerical range expressly includes all possible subranges, all individual numerical values within that range, including integers within such ranges and fractions of the values unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0051] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “at least” preceding a series of elements is to be understood to refer to every element in the series. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the invention.
[0052] As used herein, the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “includes, ” “including, ” “has, ” “having, ” “contains” or “containing, ” or any other variation thereof, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers and are intended to be non-exclusive or open-ended. For example, a composition, a mixture, a process, a method, an article, or an apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present) , A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present) , and both A and B are true (or present) .
[0053] As used herein, the conjunctive term “and / or” between multiple recited elements is understood as encompassing both individual and combined options. For instance, where two elements are conjoined by “and / or, ” a first option refers to the applicability of the first element without the second. A second option refers to the applicability of the second element without the first. A third option refers to the applicability of the first and second elements together. Any one of these options is understood to fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the requirement of the term “and / or” as used herein. Concurrent applicability of more than one of the options is also understood to fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the requirement of the term “and / or. ”
[0054] As used herein, the term “consists of, ” or variations such as “consist of” or “consisting of, ” as used throughout the specification and claims, indicate the inclusion of any recited integer or group of integers, but that no additional integer or group of integers can be added to the specified method, structure, or composition.
[0055] As used herein, the term “consists essentially of, ” or variations such as “consist essentially of” or “consisting essentially of, ” as used throughout the specification and claims, indicate the inclusion of any recited integer or group of integers, and the optional inclusion of any recited integer or group of integers that do not materially change the basic or novel properties of the specified method, structure or composition. See M. P. E. P. § 2111.03.
[0056] As used herein, “subject” means any animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human. The term “mammal” as used herein, encompasses any mammal. Examples of mammals include, but are not limited to, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, monkeys, humans, etc., more preferably a human.
[0057] The words “right, ” “left, ” “lower, ” and “upper” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made.
[0058] It should also be understood that the terms “about, ” “approximately, ” “generally, ” “substantially, ” and like terms, used herein when referring to a dimension or characteristic of a component of the preferred invention, indicate that the described dimension / characteristic is not a strict boundary or parameter and does not exclude minor variations therefrom that are functionally the same or similar, as would be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art. At a minimum, such references that include a numerical parameter would include variations that, using mathematical and industrial principles accepted in the art (e.g., rounding, measurement or other systematic errors, manufacturing tolerances, etc. ) , would not vary the least significant digit.
[0059] The terms “identical” or percent “identity, ” in the context of two or more nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences (e.g., MED26 protein and fragments thereof or polynucleotides that encode them) , refer to two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specified percentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that are the same, when compared and aligned for maximum correspondence, as measured using one of the following sequence comparison algorithms or by visual inspection.
[0060] For sequence comparison, typically one sequence acts as a reference sequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequence comparison algorithm, test and reference sequences are input into a computer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, and sequence algorithm program parameters are designated. The sequence comparison algorithm then calculates the percent sequence identity for the test sequence (s) relative to the reference sequence, based on the designated program parameters.
[0061] Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison can be conducted, e.g., by the local homology algorithm of Smith &Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 1981; 2: 482, by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman &Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 1970; 48: 443, by the search for similarity method of Pearson &Lipman, Proc. Nat’ l. Acad. Sci. USA 1988; 85: 2444, by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, WI) , or by visual inspection (see generally, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., Current Protocols, a joint venture between Greene Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley &Sons, Inc., 1995 Supplement (Ausubel) ) .
[0062] Examples of algorithms that are suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms, which are described in Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 1990; 215: 403-410 and Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 1997; 25: 3389-3402, respectively. Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information. This algorithm involves first identifying high scoring sequence pairs (HSPs) by identifying short words of length W in the query sequence, which either match or satisfy some positive-valued threshold score T when aligned with a word of the same length in a database sequence. T is referred to as the neighborhood word score threshold (Altschul et al, supra) . These initial neighborhood word hits act as seeds for initiating searches to find longer HSPs containing them. The word hits are then extended in both directions along each sequence for as far as the cumulative alignment score can be increased.
[0063] Cumulative scores are calculated using, for nucleotide sequences, the parameters M (reward score for a pair of matching residues; always > 0) and N (penalty score for mismatching residues; always < 0) . For amino acid sequences, a scoring matrix is used to calculate the cumulative score. Extension of the word hits in each direction are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value; the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative-scoring residue alignments; or the end of either sequence is reached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T, and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. The BLASTN program (for nucleotide sequences) uses as defaults a wordlength (W) of 11, an expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=-4, and a comparison of both strands. For amino acid sequences, the BLASTP program uses as defaults a wordlength (W) of 3, an expectation (E) of 10, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff &Henikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989; 89: 10915) .
[0064] In addition to calculating percent sequence identity, the BLAST algorithm also performs a statistical analysis of the similarity between two sequences (see, e.g., Karlin &Altschul, Proc. Nat’ l. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90: 5873-5787) . One measure of similarity provided by the BLAST algorithm is the smallest sum probability (P (N) ) , which provides an indication of the probability by which a match between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences would occur by chance. For example, a nucleic acid is considered similar to a reference sequence if the smallest sum probability in a comparison of the test nucleic acid to the reference nucleic acid is less than about 0.1, more preferably less than about 0.01, and most preferably less than about 0.001.
[0065] A further indication that two nucleic acid sequences or polypeptides are substantially identical is that the polypeptide encoded by the first nucleic acid is immunologically cross reactive with the polypeptide encoded by the second nucleic acid, as described below. Thus, a polypeptide is typically substantially identical to a second polypeptide, for example, where the two peptides differ only by conservative substitutions. Another indication that two nucleic acid sequences are substantially identical is that the two molecules hybridize to each other under stringent conditions.
[0066] As used herein, the term “isolated” means a biological component (such as a nucleic acid, peptide or protein) has been substantially separated, produced apart from, or purified away from other biological components of the organism in which the component naturally occurs, i.e., other chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA and RNA, and proteins. Nucleic acids, peptides and proteins that have been “isolated” thus include nucleic acids and proteins purified by standard purification methods. “Isolated” nucleic acids, peptides and proteins can be part of a composition and still be isolated if the composition is not part of the native environment of the nucleic acid, peptide, or protein. The term also embraces nucleic acids, peptides and proteins prepared by recombinant expression in a host cell as well as chemically synthesized nucleic acids.
[0067] As used herein, the term “polynucleotide, ” synonymously referred to as “nucleic acid molecule, ” “nucleotides” or “nucleic acids, ” refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide, which can be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. “Polynucleotides” include, without limitation single-and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single-and double-stranded regions, single-and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single-and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that can be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded or a mixture of single-and double-stranded regions. In addition, “polynucleotide” refers to triple-stranded regions comprising RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA. The term polynucleotide also includes DNAs or RNAs containing one or more modified bases and DNAs or RNAs with backbones modified for stability or for other reasons. “Modified” bases include, for example, tritylated bases and unusual bases such as inosine. A variety of modifications can be made to DNA and RNA; thus, “polynucleotide” embraces chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides as typically found in nature, as well as the chemical forms of DNA and RNA characteristic of viruses and cells. “Polynucleotide” also embraces relatively short nucleic acid chains, often referred to as oligonucleotides.
[0068] As used herein, the term “vector” is a replicon in which another nucleic acid segment can be operably inserted so as to bring about the replication or expression of the segment.
[0069] As used herein, the term “host cell” refers to a cell comprising a nucleic acid molecule of the invention. The “host cell” can be any type of cell, e.g., a primary cell, a cell in culture, or a cell from a cell line. In one embodiment, a “host cell” is a cell transfected with a nucleic acid molecule of the invention. In another embodiment, a “host cell” is a progeny or potential progeny of such a transfected cell. A progeny of a cell may or may not be identical to the parent cell, e.g., due to mutations or environmental influences that can occur in succeeding generations or integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the host cell genome.
[0070] As used herein, a “primary cell” refers to a cell isolated or harvested directly from living tissue or organs. Examples of primary cells include, but are not limited to, T cells, NK cells, PBMC, B cells, monocytes, human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, human primary acute leukemia cells (T-ALL) , mouse primary T cells, mouse primary myocardial cells, mouse B cells, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) , primary mesenchymal stem cells, etc.
[0071] As used herein, the term “chimeric antigen receptor” (CAR) refers to a recombinant polypeptide comprising at least an extracellular domain that binds specifically to an antigen or a target, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular signaling domain. Engagement of the extracellular domain of the CAR with the target antigen on the surface of a target cell results in clustering of the CAR and delivers an activation stimulus to the CAR-containing cell. CARs redirect the specificity of immune effector cells and trigger proliferation, cytokine production, phagocytosis and / or production of molecules that can mediate cell death of the target antigen-expressing cell in a major histocompatibility (MHC) -independent manner.
[0072] As used herein, the term “signal peptide” refers to a leader sequence at the amino-terminus (N-terminus) of a nascent CAR protein, which co-translationally or post-translationally directs the nascent protein to the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent surface expression.
[0073] As used herein, the term “extracellular antigen binding domain, ” “extracellular domain, ” or “extracellular ligand binding domain” refers to the part of a CAR that is located outside of the cell membrane and is capable of binding to an antigen, target or ligand.
[0074] As used herein, the term “hinge region” or “hinge domain” refers to the part of a CAR that connects two adjacent domains of the CAR protein, i.e., the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain of the CAR protein.
[0075] As used herein, the term “transmembrane domain” refers to the portion of a CAR that extends across the cell membrane and anchors the CAR to cell membrane.
[0076] As used herein, the term “intracellular signaling domain, ” “cytoplasmic signaling domain, ” or “intracellular signaling domain” refers to the part of a CAR that is located inside of the cell membrane and is capable of transducing an effector signal.
[0077] As used herein, the term “stimulatory molecule” refers to a molecule expressed by an immune cell (e.g., NK cell or T cell) that provides the primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence (s) that regulate primary activation of receptors in a stimulatory way for at least some aspect of the immune cell signaling pathway. Stimulatory molecules comprise two distinct classes of cytoplasmic signaling sequence, those that initiate antigen-dependent primary activation (referred to as “primary signaling domains” ) , and those that act in an antigen-independent manner to provide a secondary of co-stimulatory signal (referred to as “co-stimulatory signaling domains” ) .
[0078] The term “expression” as used herein, refers to the biosynthesis of a gene product. The term encompasses the transcription of a gene into RNA. The term also encompasses translation of RNA into one or more polypeptides, and further encompasses all naturally occurring post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications.
[0079] As used herein, the terms “peptide, ” “polypeptide, ” or “protein” can refer to a molecule comprised of amino acids and can be recognized as a protein by those of skill in the art. The conventional one-letter or three-letter code for amino acid residues is used herein. The terms “peptide, ” “polypeptide, ” and “protein” can be used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length. The polymer can be linear or branched, it can comprise modified amino acids, and it can be interrupted by non-amino acids. The terms also encompass an amino acid polymer that has been modified naturally or by intervention; for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification, such as conjugation with a labeling component. Also included within the definition are, for example, polypeptides containing one or more analogs of an amino acid (including, for example, unnatural amino acids, etc. ) , as well as other modifications known in the art.
[0080] The peptide sequences described herein are written according to the usual convention whereby the N-terminal region of the peptide is on the left and the C-terminal region is on the right. Although isomeric forms of the amino acids are known, it is the L-form of the amino acid that is represented unless otherwise expressly indicated.
[0081] As used herein, the term “MED26” or “MED26 polypeptide” refers to mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26 or mediator complex subunit 26 protein, a component or subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex. Embodiments of the application are related to a MED26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof. Preferably, the MED26 is a mammalian MED26, such as a human MED26. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide is a human MED26 polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide is a murine MED26 polypeptide.
[0082] In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof, or a nucleic acid encoding the active fragment. As used herein, the term “active fragment” refers to a fragment of MED26 or derivative thereof that is capable of forming a condensate with a reagent and delivering the reagent to a cell.
[0083] In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the MED26 polypeptide, more particularly, the MED26 polypeptide comprises a polypeptide that is at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the MED26 polypeptide, more particularly, the MED26 polypeptide comprises a polypeptide that is at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18.
[0084] A MED26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof can be produced by any suitable methods in view of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a MED26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof is produced by recombinant production, e.g., encoded by a nucleic acid comprising the polynucleotide sequence of GenBank Accession No. NM_004831.5, or a fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid can be optimized for protein expression.
[0085] As used herein, “enhancer” refers to a short region of DNA to which proteins (e.g., transcription factors) bind to enhance transcription of a gene. As used herein, "transcriptional coactivator" refers to a protein or complex of proteins that interacts with transcription factors to stimulate transcription of a gene. As used herein, a “super-enhancer” or “super-enhancer site” is a region of DNA comprising two or more enhancers that is collectively bound by an array of transcription factor proteins to drive transcription of genes involved in cell identity. Examples of super-enhancers include, but are not limited to, those described, e.g., in U.S. Patent Publication US2014 / 0287932 , the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety .
[0086] Condensates have been explored as potential delivery systems for various substances due to their ability to encapsulate molecules within their liquid droplets.
[0087] Provided is a kit for delivering an agent to a cell, preferably to a primary cell, comprising: (a) an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) ; and (b) a Med26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof; optionally, the kit further comprising: (c) a polyol, preferably glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.
[0088] Also provided is a method of preparing a condensate composition comprising an agent and a MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof , comprising preparing a mixture comprising the agent, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, and an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) , optionally, the method further comprising contacting the mixture with a polyol, such as glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.
[0089] In certain embodiments, the mixture is prepared by a method comprising: contacting the agent with the aqueous solution to obtain a first solution; and contacting the first solution with the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof to obtain the mixture.
[0090] In certain embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the mixture with the polyol, such as glycerol, or the carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose. In certain embodiments, the polyol is glycerol.
[0091] In certain embodiments, the aqueous solution comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG) . In certain embodiments, the polyethylene glycol is 1-30% (w / v) PEG, such as 2-20% (w / v) PEG, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%or 15% (w / v) PEG, preferably 10% (w / v) PEG.
[0092] In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain embodiments, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0093] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-50 μM of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, preferably 1-10 μM, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 μM, more preferably 5 μM, of the of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.
[0094] In certain embodiments, the kit comprises: (a) an aqueous solution comprising one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG) ; and (b) a Med26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; optionally, the kit further comprises: (c) a polyol, preferably glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.
[0095] In certain embodiments, the kit comprises: (a) an aqueous solution comprising one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG) ; and (b) a Med26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12; optionally, the kit further comprises: (c) a polyol, preferably glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.
[0096] In certain embodiments, the agent is a nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a DNA molecule, such as a plasmid DNA. the reagent is a DNA molecule, such as a circular DNA (e.g., a plasmid DNA) or a linear DNA (e.g., an antisense DNA) . In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is an RNA, such as an mRNA. the reagent is an RNA, such as an mRNA, an siRNA, an antisense RNA, a linear RNA, a circular RNA or a tRNA. The RNA can be modified with one or more chemical modifications.
[0097] In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes one or more gene edits to a primary cell. In certain embodiments the one or more gene edits results in a target gene being overexpressed, deleted or repressed.
[0098] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes one or more components for gene editing. In certain embodiments, the gene editing comprises a CRISPR gene editing, and the nucleic acid encodes one or more of a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) , a tracrRNA that hybridizes with the crRNA, and a Cas endonuclease (such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13) , preferably, the nucleic acid encodes a single guide RNA comprising the crRNA and the tracrRNA and / or the Cas endonuclease, more preferably, the nucleic acid encodes the single guide RNA and a Cas9 endonuclease.
[0099] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a recombinant protein, such as a cell surface receptor, e.g., a chimeric antigen receptor, a T cell receptor, a cytokine receptor; an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; a cytokine, e.g., interferon, interleukin (e.g., IL-12, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) ; or a growth factor.
[0100] In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) . In certain embodiments the CAR comprises an extracellular domain that targets a tumor antigen. In certain embodiments, the tumor antigen is CD19 or HER2.
[0101] In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a T cell receptor (TCR) . In certain embodiments, the TCR targets a tumor antigen. In certain embodiments, the tumor antigen is NY-ESO-1, MAGE, MART-1, CEA, or KRAS.
[0102] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition comprises 1-200 nM of the nucleic acid, preferably 5-150 nM, such as 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, or 150 nM, more preferably 50 nM of the nucleic acid.
[0103] In certain embodiments, agent is a peptide or polypeptide. the agent is a hydrophilic compound, such as a hydrophilic small molecule compound. As used herein, the term “hydrophilic compound” refers to a substance that dissolves readily in water. The term “small molecule” is art-recognized and refers to a composition which has a molecular weight of less than about 2000 g / mole, less than about 1500 g / mole, less than about 1000 g / mole, less than about 800 g / mole, less than about 700 g / mole, less than about 600 g / mole, less than about 500 g / mole, less than about 400 g / mole, less than about 300 g / mole, less than about 200 g / mole, less than about 100 g / mole, or less.
[0104] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition further comprises one or more lipids, such as 1, 2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) , Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) , cholesterol, 1, 2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG) .
[0105] Also provided is a method of delivering an agent to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising contacting the cell in a first cell culture medium with the condensate composition prepared by the method according to the application to obtain a delivery mixture.
[0106] In certain embodiments, the volume ratio of the first cell culture medium to the condensate composition is 1: 2.
[0107] In certain embodiments, the first cell culture medium is a reduced-serum medium, such as a minimal essential medium with no or reduced amount of serum (e.g., fetal bovine serum) . Reduced-serum medium is known in the art and can be any medium with basal media formulation enriched with nutrients and animal-derived factors, which reduce the amount of serum that is needed.
[0108] In certain embodiments, the method further comprising incubating the cell in the delivery mixture at a temperature of about 37 ℃, preferably for an incubation period of about 10 minutes to 3 hours after the initial contact of the cell with the condensate composition.
[0109] In certain embodiments, the method further comprising growing the cell in a second cell culture medium after the incubation period, preferably, the second cell culture medium is a complete medium. As used herein, the term “complete medium” refers to cell culture medium having a mixture of basal medium and serum that provides the nutrients and components necessary for cell growth and survival.
[0110] Also provided is a method of administering a nucleic acid or a polypeptide to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising administering to the cell the condensate composition prepared by the method according to the application.
[0111] Also provided is a modified cell comprising an agent delivered to a cell using the method of the application.
[0112] In certain embodiments, the cell is a primary cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a T cell, a NK cell, or a peripheral blood mononuclear cell PBMC.
[0113] Also provided herein are compositions (such as pharmaceutical compositions) comprising a modified cell according to embodiments of the application.
[0114] As used herein, a “carrier” includes pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers that are nontoxic to the cell or mammal being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution. Non-limiting examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and / or nonionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , and PLURONICSTM.
[0115] As used herein, the term “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” of a substance is at least the minimum concentration required to affect a measurable improvement or prevention of a particular disorder. An effective amount herein may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the patient, and the ability of the substance to elicit a desired response in the individual. An effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the treatment are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. In reference to cancer, an effective amount comprises an amount sufficient to cause a tumor to shrink and / or to decrease the growth rate of the tumor (such as to suppress tumor growth) or to prevent or delay other unwanted cell proliferation in cancer. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to delay development of cancer. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to prevent or delay recurrence. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to reduce recurrence rate in the individual. An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. For purposes of this disclosure, an effective amount of drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to accomplish prophylactic or therapeutic treatment either directly or indirectly. As is understood in the clinical context, an effective amount of a drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition may or may not be achieved in conjunction with another drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition. Thus, an “effective amount” may be considered in the context of administering one or more therapeutic agents, and a single agent may be considered to be given in an effective amount if, in conjunction with one or more other agents, a desirable result may be or is achieved.
[0116] In another general aspect, the application provides method of treating a disease or disorder, such as cancer, in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the modified cell according to embodiments of the application or the composition of according to embodiments of the application.
[0117] Also provided is a method of administering an agent to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a condensate composition comprising the agent and a MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.
[0118] In certain embodiments, the condensate composition is prepared by a method according to the application.
[0119] The cancer can, for example, be a solid or a liquid cancer. The cancer, can, for example, be selected from the group consisting of a lung cancer, a gastric cancer, a colon cancer, a liver cancer, a renal cell carcinoma, a bladder urothelial carcinoma, a metastatic melanoma, a breast cancer, an ovarian cancer, a cervical cancer, a head and neck cancer, a pancreatic cancer, an endometrial cancer, a prostate cancer, a thyroid cancer, a glioma, a glioblastoma, and other solid tumors, and a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) , Hodgkin’s lymphoma / disease (HD) , an acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) , a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) , a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) , a multiple myeloma (MM) , an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , and other liquid tumors. In a preferred embodiment, the cancer is a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) .
[0120] As used herein with reference to a cell of the application and / or a pharmaceutical composition of the application a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of the cells and / or the pharmaceutical composition that modulates an immune response in a subject in need thereof.
[0121] According to particular embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of therapy which is sufficient to achieve one, two, three, four, or more of the following effects: (i) reduce or ameliorate the severity of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated or a symptom associated therewith; (ii) reduce the duration of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (iii) prevent the progression of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (iv) cause regression of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (v) prevent the development or onset of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (vi) prevent the recurrence of the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (vii) reduce hospitalization of a subject having the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (viii) reduce hospitalization length of a subject having the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (ix) increase the survival of a subject with the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith; (xi) inhibit or reduce the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, or a symptom associated therewith in a subject; and / or (xii) enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect (s) of another therapy.
[0122] The therapeutically effective amount or dosage can vary according to various factors, such as the disease, disorder or condition to be treated, the means of administration, the target site, the physiological state of the subject (including, e.g., age, body weight, health) , whether the subject is a human or an animal, other medications administered, and whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic. Treatment dosages are optimally titrated to optimize safety and efficacy.
[0123] The cells of the application are generally administered as a dose based on cells per kilogram (cells / kg) of body weight of the subject to which the cells and / or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the cells are administered. Generally, the cell doses are in the range of about 104 to about 1010 cells / kg of body weight, for example, about 105 to about 109, about 105 to about 108, about 105 to about 107, or about 105 to about 106, depending on the mode and location of administration. In general, in the case of systemic administration, a higher dose is used than in regional administration, where the immune cells of the application are administered in the region of a tumor and / or cancer. Exemplary dose ranges include, but are not limited to, 1 x 104 to 1 x 108, 2 x 104 to 1 x 108, 3 x 104 to 1 x 108, 4 x 104 to 1 x 108, 5 x 104 to 6 x 108, 7 x 104 to 1 x 108, 8 x 104 to 1 x 108, 9 x 104 to 1 x 108, 1 x 105 to 1 x 108, 1 x 105 to 9 x 107, 1 x 105 to 8 x 107, 1 x 105 to 7 x 107, 1 x 105 to 6 x 107, 1 x 105 to 5 x 107, 1 x 105 to 4 x 107, 1 x 105 to 4 x 107, 1 x 105 to 3 x 107, 1 x 105 to 2 x 107, 1 x 105 to 1 x 107, 1 x 105 to 9 x 106, 1 x 105 to 8 x 106, 1 x 105 to 7 x 106, 1 x 105 to 6 x 106, 1 x 105 to 5 x 106, 1 x 105 to 4 x 106, 1 x 105 to 4 x 106, 1 x 105 to 3 x 106, 1 x 105 to 2 x 106, 1 x 105 to 1 x 106, 2 x 105 to 9 x 107, 2 x 105 to 8 x 107, 2 x 105 to 7 x 107, 2 x 105 to 6 x 107, 2 x 105 to 5 x 107, 2 x 105 to 4 x 107, 2 x 105 to 4 x 107, 2 x 105 to 3 x 107, 2 x 105 to 2 x 107, 2 x 105 to 1 x 107, 2 x 105 to 9 x 106, 2 x 105 to 8 x 106, 2 x 105 to 7 x 106, 2 x 105 to 6 x 106, 2 x 105 to 5 x 106, 2 x 105 to 4 x 106, 2 x 105 to 4 x 106, 2 x 105 to 3 x 106, 2 x 105 to 2 x 106, 2 x 105 to 1 x 106, 3 x 105 to 3 x 106 cells / kg, and the like. Additionally, the dose can be adjusted to account for whether a single dose is being administered or whether multiple doses are being administered. The precise determination of what would be considered an effective dose can be based on factors individual to each subject.
[0124] As used herein, the terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” are all intended to refer to an amelioration or reversal of at least one measurable physical parameter related to a cancer, which is not necessarily discernible in the subject, but can be discernible in the subject. The terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment, ” can also refer to causing regression, preventing the progression, or at least slowing down the progression of the disease, disorder, or condition. In a particular embodiment, “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to an alleviation, prevention of the development or onset, or reduction in the duration of one or more symptoms associated with the disease, disorder, or condition, such as a tumor or more preferably a cancer. In a particular embodiment, “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to prevention of the recurrence of the disease, disorder, or condition. In a particular embodiment, “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to an increase in the survival of a subject having the disease, disorder, or condition. In a particular embodiment, “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to elimination of the disease, disorder, or condition in the subject. EXAMPLES
[0125] The following examples of the invention are to further illustrate the nature of the invention. It should be understood that the following examples do not limit the invention and that the scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims. Example 1. MED26-mediated delivery to primary T cells
[0126] DynabeadsTM human T (ThermoFisher, 11131D) or T Cell TransActTM (Miltenyi, 130-128-758) were used to isolate T cells. First primary cells were prepared by removing beads and collecting cells by centrifugation. Next, the supernatant was discarded and a suitable amount of Opti-MEMTM medium was added to resuspend the cells. The number of live cells was then counted. A suitable volume of Opti-MEMTM medium was added to obtain a cell suspension with cell density of 5×106 / mL. Then, 20 μL of the cell suspension was added into each well of a microtiter plate at about 1 x 105 cells / well.
[0127] The following reagents were prepared for forming MED26 condensates with mRNA: -Phase X-Reagent A: 10%PEG solution; -Phase X-Reagent B: Med26 (SEQ ID NO: 12) ; and -Phase X-Reagent C: 15%glycerol.
[0128] The condensates were formed by preparing a mixture of Phase X-Reagent and mRNA by adding 40 μL Phase X-Reagent A to a microcentrifuge tube, then adding 0.5 μg / μL mRNA and mixing it thoroughly with Reagent A. Next 0.6 μL Phase X-Reagent B was added to the mixture and mixed with a pipette for 30-60 seconds, avoiding the formation of bubbles during the mixing. Then 13.5 μL Phase X-Reagent C was added to the mixture and mixed thoroughly using a pipette.
[0129] The combined reagent mixture was then combined with the cell suspension. The mixture of cells and Phase X Reagents was incubated for 15 min in a 37℃ incubator. Then the mixture was centrifuged, and the supernatant discarded. Next, a suitable volume of complete medium (X-VIVOTM 15 cell medium (Lonza, 04-418Q) , 10%FBS (GibcoTM, 10099141C) , IL2 (300 IU / mL) , and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) ) was added to the collected cells. The cells were incubated at 37℃ for 1-2 days, then the protein or gene expression resulting from the transfected mRNA was analyzed.
[0130] Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to determine transfection efficiency. Different cell types were identified by their specific cell markers. FIG 1A shows mRNA encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) , i.e., a GFP mRNA, transfected into various human primary cells using a GFP mRNA MED26 condensate as described above. Positive rates were detected based on the GFP expression ratio in the specific cell types. The positive rates were 14%, 30.6%, 63.5%and 4.91%for T cells, B cells, monocyte cells and NK cells, respectively.
[0131] Primary T cells transfected with GFP mRNA condensate were imaged to view GFP expression in the cells. The cells grew into clusters 1 day after transfection, indicating that the cell viability after transfection was high and proliferation was not affected. Transfected cells showed 90%expression rate of the GFP transgene (FIGs. 2A-B) showing that the transfection efficiency was high.
[0132] The transfected primary cells also had sustained expression of GFP with cells demonstrating GFP expression for at least 9 days (FIG. 3A) . FIG. 3B shows that when MED26 condensate is used to transfect human primary T cells, the cell viability is maintained at a high level and is not significantly reduced compared with the untransfected blank control group. The transfected cell also had a differentiation phenotype consistent with that of control cells (FIG. 3C) . Together, these results show that the condensate transfection was efficient to express GFP and did not affect the primary cells’s urvival or function. Example 2. Delivery of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) mRNA by MED26 Condensate
[0133] T cells isolated from human PBMCs were transfected with a lentivirus encoding the CD19 CAR or the CD19 CAR mRNA condensate. The positive rates of CD19 CAR transfection were 37%and 90%for the lentiviral infection and mRNA condensate transfection, respectively (FIG. 7A) . The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was also much higher with cells obtained from the mRNA conjugate transfection. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on the anti-CD19 CAR T cells were conducted with luciferase-expressing Raji tumor cells, 24 hours after the transfection. The CAR-T cells obtained from transient transfection with the mRNA conjugates had tumor cytotoxicity similar to that of the CAR-T cells obtained from lentiviral DNA transfection. No clear difference between the cells was detected at effector cell / target cell (E / T) ratio of 3 / 1 (FIG. 7B) .
[0134] Two NOD scid gamma mouse (NSG) mice, implanted with raji-luc tumor cells. About 7 days after the transplant, CD19 mRNA CAR-T cells were administered to one mouse, or the blank control Untransduced T cell (UnT) cells were administered to the second mouse. Each mouse is administered 1 x 107 CAR-T cells or UnT cells. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed every day after the administration of the CAR-T or UnT cells. It was found that in the NSG mice, CD19 mRNA CAR-T had the same peripheral proliferation as normal T cells (FIGs. 8A-B) .
[0135] To study the in vivo tumor cell killing capabilities of the CD19 CAR-T cells, mice were implanted with 1 x 106 raji-luc tumor cells on day 0. Imaging was conducted 7 days after transplant. Then CD19 CAR-T cells or the control Untransduced T cell (UnT) cells were administered to the mice. Imaging was conducted at day 14. Imaging showed that the condensate transfected CD19 mRNA CAR-T had anti-tumor efficacy in vivo (FIG. 9) .
[0136] To determine whether human CAR mRNA could be efficiently transfected into primary murine T cells, human MED26 condensates were used to deliver human HER2 CAR mRNA. Condensates were prepared by mixing H2O (pH 6) , PEG 8k (10%) , HER2 CAR mRNA (0.05 μM) , MED26 (5 μM) , and 10%trehalose.
[0137] T cells were isolated from mouse spleen. The cells were then activated using DynabeadsTM mouse T activator CD3 / CD28 (ThermoFisher, 11452D) for 3 days. Then 1 x105 cells were contacted with the condensate mRNA mixture. 15 minutes after the transfection, the cells were isolated by centrifugation. Next, 200 μl of X-VIVOTM 15 cell medium (Lonza, 04-418Q) was added to the cells. After 20 hours incubation, the cell viability and expression ratio were measured by flow cytometry (FIG. 10) . FACS demonstrated that the positive rate was about 30%in the HER2 CAR transfected cells. Example 3. Delivery by murine MED26 Condensate
[0138] To determine whether murine MED26 would be able to form condensates as human MED26, the amino acid sequences of murine and human MED26 were compared (FIG. 11A) . Sequence alignment showed that the sequences of MED26 proteins from the two sources are highly similar, which also indicates that the functions and properties of the two proteins are similar. Using PONDR-FIT to predict the intrinsic disordered region of mouse MED26 protein, it was shown that most of the mouse MED26 protein sequence is a disordered region without a fixed structure, which indicates that it has a strong ability to form condensates (FIG. 11B) .
[0139] Next, the transfection efficiency of the murine MED26 condensates was tested on multiple cell lines. Condensates were prepared by first mixing 40 μL Reagent A reagent (PEG) with 0.5 μg GFP mRNA solution. Next, 1.4 μL Reagent B reagent (mouse MED26 protein) was added to the above mixture. This was then mixed gently by pipetting (about 60 seconds) to avoid the formation of air bubbles and to form the MED26 / GFP mRNA condensate composition (transfection solution) .
[0140] For K562, Raji, and Jurkat suspension cells, the cells to be transfected were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 min to collect the cell pellet. Next, 1 mL of Opti-MEMTM medium was added to resuspend the cells to be transfected. Then the cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 minutes and the supernatant was discarded. Opti-MEMTM medium was added to resuspend the cells and adjust the cell density to 5×106 / mL. The 20 μL of the cell suspension was added to the transfection solution and mixed well. The cells were incubated in a 37℃ constant-temperature incubator for 2 hours. Then 200 μL of complete culture medium (RPMI 1640 cell medium with 10%FBS and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) ) was added, and the cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 min. The supernatant was discarded, and 200 μL of complete culture medium was added.
[0141] For three types of adherent cells: KP, MC38, and 293A, the cells were seeded at 2.5-5×105 cells in a 96-well plate and transfected with MED26 / mRNA condensate composition after 12 hours. The culture medium was discarded and 200 μL Opti-MEMTM medium was added. The cells were rinsed with Opti-MEMTM medium to remove residual FBS. After discarding the liquid, 20uL Opti-MEMTM medium was added with 40uL transfection reagent. The cells were incubated in a 37℃ constant temperature incubator for 2 hours. The transfection liquid was discarded and 200 μL of DMEM cell medium with 10%FBS and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) was added to the culture.
[0142] To detect the transfection efficiency, the cells were collected 24 hours after transfection. The cells were then stained, and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression efficiency was detected by flow cytometry. Results showed that mouse MED26 protein can deliver GFP mRNA in a variety of cell lines (K562, Raji, Jurkat, KP, MC38, 293A) with high transfection efficiency (FIG. 13) . Example 4. Delivery of mRNA to various cell lines by human MED26 Condensate.
[0143] To assess the delivery capability of human MED26 condensate to various cell lines, condensates were prepared by mixing 40 μL of Reagent A (PEG solution) with 0.5 μg of GFP mRNA solution. Next, 1.4 μL Reagent B (human MED26) was added to the mixture. The solution was then gently mixed by pipetting for approximately 60 seconds to prevent the formation of air bubbles and form the MED26 / GFP mRNA condensate composition.
[0144] For K562, Raji, and Jurkat suspension cells, the cells were collected and resuspended in Opti-MEMTM medium at a cell density of 5×106 / mL. The 20 μL of the cell suspension was added to the condensate composition, mixed thoroughly, and incubated in a 37℃ incubator for 45 minutes. Subsequently, 200 μL of complete culture medium (RPMI 1640 cell medium with 10%FBS and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) ) was added, and the cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and an additional 200 μL of complete culture medium was added.
[0145] For three types of adherent cells, KP, MC38, and 293A, cells were seeded at a density of 2.5-5×105 cells in a 96-well plate and transfected with mRNA condensates mixture after 12 hours. The culture medium was removed, and 200 μL of Opti-MEMTM medium was added to rinse away any residual FBS. After discarding the liquid, 20uL of Opti-MEMTM medium was combined with 40uL of transfection reagent. The cells were then incubated in a 37℃ incubator for 2 hours. Following this incubation, the transfection solution was discarded, and 200 μL of DMEM cell medium with 10%FBS and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) was added to the culture.
[0146] To assess transfection efficiency, cells were collected 24 hours post-transfection. The expression efficiency of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was evaluated using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis indicated that mouse MED26 protein effectively delivers GFP mRNA across various cell lines (K562, Raji, Jurkat, KP, MC38, 293A) while maintaining high cell viability (FIG. 14) . Example 5. Delivery of protein to various cell lines by human MED26 condensate.
[0147] To evaluate the protein delivery capability of human MED26, condensates were prepared by combining 40 μL of Reagent A (PEG solution) with 32 μg of GFP protein solution to obtain a first mixture. Subsequently, 1.4 μL of Reagent B (human MED26) was added to the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture was then gently mixed by pipetting for approximately 60 seconds to avoid the formation of air bubbles and to form a MED26 / GFP protein condensate composition.
[0148] Jurkat cells were collected and resuspended in Opti-MEMTM medium at a cell density of 5×106 / mL. The 20 μL of the cell suspension was added to the MED26 / GFP protein condensate composition, mixed thoroughly, and incubated at 37℃ for 45 minutes. Subsequently, 200 μL of complete culture medium (RPMI 1640 cell medium with 10%FBS and 0.1%penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (GibcoTM, 15640055) ) was added, and the cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and an additional 200 μL of complete culture medium was added.
[0149] To assess the protein delivery efficiency, cells were collected 24 hours post-transfection. The ratio of cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was evaluated using flow cytometry, and the images were captured using fluorescent microscopy (FIG. 15) . Example 6. Delivery of hydrophilic small molecule to various cell lines by human MED26 condensate
[0150] To evaluate the capability of MED26 for the delivery of hydrophilic small molecule compounds, condensates are prepared by combining 40 μL of Reagent A (PEG solution) with 10 ng of doxorubicin (DOX) solution. Next, 1.4 μL of Reagent B (human MED26) is added to the mixture. The solution is gently mixed by pipetting for approximately 60 seconds to prevent the formation of air bubbles and to form the MED26 / DOX condensate composition. The positive control includes 40 μL of Reagent A (PEG solution) with 10 ng of DOX, 500 ng of GFP mRNA, and 1.4 μL of Reagent B (human MED26) . The negative control is 40 μL of Reagent A and 10 ng of DOX.
[0151] Jurkat cells are collected and resuspended in Opti-MEMTM medium at a cell density of 5×106 / mL. Then 20 μL of the cell suspension is added to the MED26 / DOX condensate, the positive control and the negative control, and mixed thoroughly. The cells are then incubated at 37℃ for 45 minutes. Subsequently, 200 μL of complete culture medium is added, and the cells are centrifuged at 300 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant is discarded, and an additional 200 μL of complete culture medium is added.
[0152] To assess the delivery efficiency, cells are collected 24 hours post-transfection. The cell viability is evaluated through the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime, C0038) . Example 7. In vivo delivery by human MED26 Condensate.
[0153] Next, the in vivo delivery of mRNA by human MED26 in mice was tested. Condensates of mRNA and human MED26 were formed with 10 μg / mL luciferase mRNA solution and 100 μg / mL human MED26 protein. Condensate composition was prepared using microfluidics at a flow rate of 20 mL / min with a 1: 1 flow rate ratio. Subsequently, lipid mixtures were prepared. The molar ratio of lipid mix 1, which consists of 1, 2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DOTAP ) , cholesterol, and 1, 2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (DMG-PEG) , was 49: 49: 2; the molar ratio of lipid mix 2, comprising DOTAP, 1, 2-Dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DSPC) , and DMG-PEG, was also 49: 49: 2. Sample 1 was prepared by adding 40.9 μL of lipid mix 1 and 59.1 μL of anhydrous ethanol to 500 μL of the condensate composition, followed by vortexing at 2000 rpm for 1 minute. Sample 2 was prepared by adding 20.5 μL of lipid mix 1 and 75.9 μL of anhydrous ethanol to 500 μL of the condensate composition, also vortexing at 2000 rpm for 1 minute. Sample 3 was prepared by adding 33.4 μL of lipid mix 2 and 66.6 μL of anhydrous ethanol to 500 μL of the condensate composition, with vortexing at 2000 rpm for 1 minute. The prepared lipo-condensate samples were then added to 5 mL of PBS for ultrafiltration. After ultrafiltration, the concentrated solution, approximately 200 μL, was administered via tail vein injection in mice. Bioluminescence imaging was performed 24 hours after the injection. Luciferase was detected by imaging in mice injected with Sample 3 (FIGs 16A-B) . REFERENCES 1. P. Wong et al., Gene induction and repression during terminal erythropoiesis are mediated by distinct epigenetic changes. Blood 118, e128-138 (2011) . 2. D. Hnisz, K. Shrinivas, R. A. Young, A. K. Chakraborty, P. A. Sharp, A Phase Separation Model for Transcriptional Control. 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Claims
1.A kit for delivering an agent to a cell, preferably to a primary cell, comprising:(a) an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) ; and(b) a Med26 polypeptide or an active fragment thereof;optionally, the kit further comprising:(c) a polyol, preferably glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.2.A method of preparing a condensate composition comprising an agent and a MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof , comprising preparing a mixture comprising the agent, the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, and an aqueous solution comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) , optionally, the method further comprising contacting the mixture with a polyol, such as glycerol, or a carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the mixture is prepared by a method comprising:contacting the agent with the aqueous solution to obtain a first solution; and contacting the first solution with the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof to obtain the mixture.4.The method of claim 2 or 3, further comprising contacting the mixture with the polyol, such as glycerol, or the carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose or trehalose.5.The kit or the method of any of the foregoing claims, wherein the aqueous solution comprises PEG.6.The kit or the method of any of the foregoing claims, wherein the polyol is glycerol.7.The kit or the method of any of the foregoing claims, wherein the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16.8.The kit or the method of claim 7, wherein the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, such as at least 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15.9.The kit or the method of claim 8, wherein the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16.10.The kit or the method of claim 9, wherein the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.11.The kit or the method of claim 9, wherein the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.12.The kit or the method of any of the foregoing claims, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid, such as an RNA or DNA molecule.13.The kit or the method of claim 12, wherein the nucleic acid is a DNA molecule, such as a circular DNA (e.g., a plasmid DNA) or a linear DNA (e.g., an antisense DNA) .14.The kit or the method of claim 12, wherein the nucleic acid is an RNA, such as an mRNA, an siRNA, an antisense RNA, a linear RNA, a circular RNA or a tRNA.15.The kit or the method of any of claims 12-14, wherein the nucleic acid encodes one or more components for gene editing, such as one or more of a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) , a tracrRNA that hybridizes with the crRNA, and a Cas endonuclease (such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13) .16.The kit or the method of any of claims 12-14, wherein the nucleic acid encodes a recombinant protein, such as a cell surface receptor, e.g., a chimeric antigen receptor, a T cell receptor, a cytokine receptor; an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; a cytokine, e.g., interferon, interleukin (e.g., IL-12, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) ; or a growth factor.17.The kit or the method of any of claims 1-11, wherein the agent is a peptide or polypeptide.18.The kit or the method of any of claims 1-11, wherein the agent is a hydrophilic compound, such as a hydrophilic small molecule compound.19.The method of any one of claims 2-18, wherein the condensate composition comprises 1-30% (w / v) PEG, such as 2-20% (w / v) PEG, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%or 15% (w / v) PEG, preferably 10% (w / v) PEG.20.The method of any one of claims 2-19, wherein the condensate composition comprises 1-200 nM of the nucleic acid, preferably 5-150 nM, such as 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, or 150 nM, more preferably 50 nM of the nucleic acid.21.The method of any one of claims 2-20, wherein the condensate composition comprises 1-50 μM of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof, preferably 1-10 μM, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 μM, more preferably 5 μM, of the of the MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.22.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein the condensate composition comprises 1-30% (w / v) glycerol, such as 2-20% (w / v) glycerol, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%or 15% (w / v) glycerol, preferably 10% (w / v) glycerol.23.A method of delivering an agent to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising contacting the cell in a first cell culture medium with the condensate composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 2-22 to obtain a delivery mixture.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the first cell culture medium is a reduced-serum medium, such as a minimal essential medium with no or reduced amount of serum (e.g., fetal bovine serum) .25.The method of claim 23 or 24, further comprising incubating the cell in the delivery mixture at a temperature of about 37℃, preferably for an incubation period of about 10 minutes to 3 hours after the initial contact of the cell with the condensate composition.26.The method of claim 25, further comprising growing the cell in a second cell culture medium after the incubation period, preferably, the second cell culture medium is a complete medium.27.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor.28.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant T cell receptor.29.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid encoding one or more gene edits to the primary cell.30.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the agent is a peptide or polypeptide.31.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the agent is a hydrophilic small molecule compound.32.The method of any one of the claims 23-31, wherein the cell is a T cell, such as a human primary T cell or a murine primary T cell.33.The method of any one of the claims 23-31, wherein the cell is a NK cell.34.The method of any one of the claims 23-31, wherein the cell is a B cell.35.The method of any one of the claims 23-31, wherein the cell is a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) .36.A modified cell comprising an agent delivered to a cell using the method of any one of claims 23-35.37.The modified cell of claim 36, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid, and the modified cell is stably transfected with the nucleic acid.38.The modified cell of claim 36, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid, and the modified cell is transiently transfected with the nucleic acid.39.The modified cell of any one of claims 36-38, wherein the cell is a primary cell.40.The modified cell of claim 39, wherein the cell is a T cell, a NK cell, or a PBMC.41.A method of treating a disease or disorder, such as cancer, in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the modified cell of any one of claims 36-40.42.A method of administering an agent to a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a condensate composition comprising the agent and a MED26 polypeptide or active fragment thereof.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the agent is a nucleic acid, such as an RNA or DNA molecule, a peptide, a polypeptide, or a hydrophilic compound.44.The method of claim 42 or 43, wherein the condensate composition is prepared by a method of any one of claims 2-22.45.The method of claim 13, wherein the condensate composition further comprises one or more lipids, such as 1, 2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) , Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) , cholesterol, 1, 2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG) .46.A method of administering a nucleic acid or a polypeptide to a cell, preferably a primary cell, comprising administering to the cell the condensate composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-12.