Base station, wireless communication method, and positioning management function entity

Abstract

A base station according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives an instruction for positioning using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to positioning of a terminal; and a control unit that determines a measurement result for the specific reference signal on the basis of the instruction and controls reporting of the measurement result. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, advanced services that surpass 5G NR can be achieved.

Description

Base Station, Wireless Communication Method, and Management Function Entity for Positioning

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a base station, a wireless communication method, and a management function entity for positioning in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher data rates, lower latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further increasing capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 5G-A (advanced), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and later, 6G systems), in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, the realization of advanced services beyond the 5G NR system is expected.

[0006] To realize such services, the introduction of positioning that utilizes RS other than dedicated positioning reference signals (e.g., Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)) is being considered. However, the details of such positioning have not been sufficiently examined. If this examination is insufficient, there is a risk that advanced services beyond 5G NR will not be realized.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a base station, a wireless communication method, and a positioning management function entity that can realize advanced services beyond 5G NR.

[0008] A base station according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a positioning instruction using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to terminal positioning, and a control unit that determines the measurement result of the specific reference signal based on the instruction and controls the reporting of the measurement result.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, it is possible to realize advanced services that go beyond 5G NR.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 2 shows an example of RS#A configuration according to Embodiment 1-1. Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 4 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 5 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (UE positioning using AI technology) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the position of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0012] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0013] In fingerprint localization, the location of a UE is estimated based on a database / AI model using fingerprints from multiple transmission paths (multipath) of the UE.

[0014] Multipath information may also include, for example, information regarding the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of signals in the optimal / candidate transmission path.

[0015] In this disclosure, AoA information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of arrival and the zenith angles of arrival. Similarly, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of departure and the zenith angles of departure.

[0016] 3GPP Rel. 16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: • Positioning based on DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA), • Positioning based on angle (DL AoD / UL AoA), • Positioning based on Multi-Round Trip Time (RTT), • Positioning based on Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID).

[0017] In DL / UL TDOA-based positioning, consider a case where, for example, multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are positioned around a UE. In this positioning method, the UE's position is estimated (measured) using the measured Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (T) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i,j are integers)) ｉ -T ｊ ) has a value (k ｉ，ｊ Connecting the points that take the shape of the hyperbola H ｉ，ｊ This can be drawn. The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (in this example, H ０，１、 H １，２、 H ２，０ The intersection of the two points may be estimated as the position of the UE. In addition, the position of the UE may be estimated using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0018] In positioning methods based on DL AoD / UL AoA, the position of the UE is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). Alternatively, the position of the UE may be estimated using RSRP.

[0019] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of a reference signal (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on RTTs can be drawn around each base station. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0020] E-CID-based positioning: In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated based on the geometric position of the serving cell / neighbor cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0021] The positioning in DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed on the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate its own position based on various measurement results from the UE and assistance information from the LMF. Alternatively, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position. The assistance information may be information to assist in the estimation of the UE's position.

[0022] The positioning in the above-mentioned UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station may report the various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0023] The positioning in DL and UL (Multi-RTT, E-CID) described above may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0024] Furthermore, 3GPP Rel. 17 proposes a positioning method using assistance information to further improve positioning accuracy. Assistance information may be transmitted between the UE, base station, and LMF as measurement information for DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID as described above.

[0025] Assistance information may include information on at least one of the following: Timing Error Group (TEG), RSRPP (Path-Specific RSRP), Expected angle, Adjacent beam information, TRP antenna / beam information, LOS / NLOS indicator, and additional path reports.

[0026] The TEG may indicate one or more PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) resources whose transmission / reception timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0027] RSRPP may represent the measurement result of RSRP in the first pass.

[0028] In UL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate the expected UL-AoA / ZoA. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning from UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT.

[0029] In DL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning method from DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming of the UE or base station.

[0030] Furthermore, assistance information regarding the predicted angle may include not only the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, but also information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0031] As additional beam information, adjacent beam information may include a subset of DL-PRS resources for prioritizing DL-AoD reports (Option 1), or information regarding the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2). This enables optimization of UE's Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0032] Additionally, the assistance information may include PRS beam pattern information as additional beam information. This PRS beam pattern information may include information on the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0033] The LOS / NLOS indicator may display information regarding Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS).

[0034] Furthermore, in order to improve the positioning delay of the UE, pre-set measurement gaps (MG), MG activation via lower layers, MG-less position, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be set for the UE (or used by the UE).

[0035] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, it is agreed that UEs should measure and report the RSRP of adjacent beams in order to improve the accuracy of UE position estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF may indicate that at least one of the following options 1 and 2 is included in the assistance information.

[0036] Option 1: A subset of PRS resources for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AoD reporting. This subset may be set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities. The UE may include the PRS measurements required for a subset of PRS in the additional measurements of DL-AoD if the PRS measurements required for the relevant PRS are reported. The required PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. The subset related to a PRS resource may reside in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource in question. Option 2: Information regarding boresight direction set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities.

[0037] In 3GPP Rel. 16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, in Rel. 17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE in order to reduce errors and complexities in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0038] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) is being considered for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UE / gNB. The PRU may also be interpreted as UE / gNB / TRP (transmission reception point) / TP (transmission point).

[0039] For example, the PRU may support at least one of the following: - Measuring DL PRS and reporting the relevant measurement (e.g., RSTD / transmit / receive time difference / RSRP) to the LMF; - Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report the relevant measurement (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival: RTOA / transmit / receive time difference, AoA) to the LMF; - Operation, measurement, various parameters (enhancement of transmit / receive timing delay, AoD and AOA, and parameters related to measurement calibration); - Reporting the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF if the LMF does not have position coordinate information; - The reference device whose position is known is a UE / gNB; - An accuracy that allows the position of the reference device to be known.

[0040] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: direct AI / machine learning (ML) positioning and AI / ML-assisted positioning.

[0041] According to direct AI / ML positioning, for example, UE positioning (UE position) is output. According to AI / ML assisted positioning, for example, an intermediate feature is output. The intermediate feature may be input into the AI / ML model again.

[0042] As an output example of the above-mentioned AI / ML assisted positioning, at least one of the following may be included: - Identification of LOS / NLOS (probability of LOS / NLOS). - ToA (arrival time of PRS / SRS). - Rx-Tx (transmission / reception) time difference. - AoA / AoD. - Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmission / reception) phase difference (phase measurement in Rel. 18). - DL RSTD / UL TDOA. - DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPs. - Likelihood of the above values (e.g., probability of ToA).

[0043] In the positioning of Rel. 18, sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) is introduced. For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-ToA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. As measurements based on SL-PRS, at least one of SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink reception-transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR) may be used. Also, as measurements related to the carrier phase positioning method, at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD) may be used.

[0044] (Example of Carrier Design in Future Wireless Communication Systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., after Rel. 21, 6G systems), in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, the realization of advanced services beyond the 5G NR system as exemplified below is expected. - Expandable Network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / Resilient NW. - Performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) improvement at lower bit cost. - Substantial reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of the cellular NW. - Revenue increase / new value creation by the cellular NW.

[0045] Regarding the expandable NW, it is desired that the basic 6G system design is applicable not only to the use cases in the 6G system but also to potential new use cases in the future. This is because it is beneficial and practical for functions expected to be released in the future.

[0046] Regarding the easy-to-operate NW, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0047] Regarding the sustainable / resilient NW, a substantial reduction in cost / energy consumption is desired for both the NW side and the terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) side. Also, an improvement in fault tolerance and early recovery against all events (e.g., operation errors / large traffic / disasters, etc.) is desired.

[0048] Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 1, an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system will be described.

[0049] The UE may monitor a plurality of frequencies (e.g., which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronization raster) to detect the first carrier (e.g., which may be called a perch carrier).

[0050] When the first carrier is detected, the UE may execute a synchronization operation (which may be called the first synchronization) and receive / acquire information (e.g., system information).

[0051] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0052] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0053] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0054] Figure 1 shows the low-frequency band (coverage band) and the high-frequency band (capacity band). In the example shown in Figure 1, after the UE is powered on, the UE performs a cell search using the monitoring frequency. Next, the monitoring frequency resource detected by the UE becomes the perch carrier (first carrier), and the perch carrier receives information about the anchor carrier (second carrier). The UE performs initial access (IA) using at least one of the perch carrier and the anchor carrier. From the cell search to the completion of IA, the UE is in idle mode.

[0055] After initial access is complete, the UE enters RRC connection (CONNECTED) mode. The UE receives information about the data carrier (third carrier) on the anchor carrier. The UE performs additional synchronization on the anchor carrier. The UE transmits / receives data on the data carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0056] In the example shown in Figure 1, if the UE returns to idle mode / inactive mode, RRC reconnection may be performed using LP-WUS / WUR and at least one of mobility operations.

[0057] In the example shown in Figure 1, carriers other than the perch carrier may be on-demand carriers (i.e., carriers that are not always on) from the viewpoint of reducing network energy. For example, at least one of the second carrier (anchor carrier) and the third carrier (data carrier) may support on-demand transmission / setting, where transmission is controlled based on a wake-up signal / trigger signal, while the first carrier (perch carrier) may not support on-demand transmission / setting.

[0058] For example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a second carrier received on the first carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the second carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal. In another example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a third carrier received on the second carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the third carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal.

[0059] In the example shown in Figure 1, the UE may obtain a first synchronization (or information about the first synchronization) on the first carrier and a second synchronization (or information about the second synchronization) on the second carrier. In this case, the UE may perform transmission and reception on the first carrier (or transmission and reception on the first carrier and transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier) based on the first synchronization, and perform transmission and reception on the second and third carriers (or transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier and transmission and reception on the third carrier) based on the second synchronization.

[0060] <Monitoring Frequency / Synchronization Raster> The monitoring frequency / synchronization raster may indicate the frequency position of the synchronization signal block (SSB) that the UE can use to acquire the system.

[0061] In existing NRs (e.g., up to Rel. 18), the frequency position (center frequency) of the synchronization signal block is expressed as N * 1200 kHz + M * 50 kHz (where N is an integer from 1 to 2499, and M is 1, 3, or 5) for frequencies from 0 to 3000 MHz (Frequency Range (FR) 1), and as 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz (where N is an integer from 0 to 14756) for frequencies above 3000 MHz (FR 2).

[0062] Furthermore, during initial access to an existing NR, the order in which the UE searches for synchronized rasters depends on the UE implementation. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is defined, and the GSCN range is notified to the UE. This GSCN is represented as 3N + (M - 3) / 2 in FR1 and as 7499 + N in FR2.

[0063] In this disclosure, the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be more limited (e.g., smaller) than the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters in existing NRs. In other words, the frequency spacing of the monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be wider than in existing NRs.

[0064] For example, the location of a synchronization raster may be defined based on its relationship to information relating to a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band index). The UE may monitor or search for the location of a synchronization raster associated with a frequency band index. Alternatively, the UE may assume that the location of a synchronization raster is associated with a frequency band index, and may monitor or search for synchronization rasters based on that assumption.

[0065] For example, the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined may be limited. A UE may monitor or search for the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined among the bandwidths supported by the UE. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined in only a specific bandwidth among the bandwidths supported by the UE, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0066] For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined only at specific frequency positions. For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined within X Hz (where X is any number) from the lower limit of that bandwidth. A UE may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster at (only) the specific frequency positions in which it is defined for each of the bandwidths it supports. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined only at (only) specific frequency positions in a given bandwidth, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0067] This allows for an extension of the time required for cell search per frequency (i.e., the period of the synchronization signal block per frequency), thereby reducing network energy consumption and shortening the time required for initial access.

[0068] The monitoring frequency resources detected by the UE may correspond to potential perch carriers (first carriers).

[0069] <Perch Carrier> The first carrier may be a carrier common to multiple UEs.

[0070] The first carrier could be a common carrier regardless of the use case / service / device type, for example.

[0071] In the first carrier, common signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may be transmitted. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) is not assumed in the first carrier. Also, the transmission and reception of information relating to a specific UE or a specific group of UEs (e.g., information other than that relating to the second carrier) is not assumed in the first carrier.

[0072] The first carrier (and the signal transmitted in it) may always be kept in the ON state.

[0073] Signals transmitted on the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may include information about an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0074] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (for example, 800 MHz).

[0075] The first carrier may correspond to a single (base station) beam.

[0076] The UE may perform a first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean a first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations.

[0077] The first carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0078] By defining and utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to achieving a scalable network.

[0079] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for network connection / control.

[0080] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service. A UE may determine which second carrier is compatible with its device based on information obtained from the first carrier.

[0081] In the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0082] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0083] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0084] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0085] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0086] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). Alternatively, the second carrier may be configured as a carrier that overlaps the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0087] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0088] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0089] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data.

[0090] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0091] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0092] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0093] The third career may include the first career.

[0094] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0095] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0096] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0097] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0098] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0099] (Analysis) Future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems) are expected to provide advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems in order to address social challenges in the 2030s and beyond. For this reason, the introduction of new carrier designs is being considered for future wireless communication systems, and positioning is being explored as part of this carrier design.

[0100] Furthermore, in this positioning / deployment system, the use of RSs other than dedicated positioning RSs (e.g., PRS) is being considered.

[0101] By using positioning methods that utilize RS other than PRS, it is possible to improve the efficiency of resource utilization by not using PRS, and implementation can be simplified by making PRS development / implementation unnecessary or optional.

[0102] However, the details of this positioning, more specifically, the signaling / procedures for introducing RS other than PRS, have not been sufficiently considered. If this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that advanced services beyond 5G NR will not be realized.

[0103] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a signaling / procedure for introducing RS other than PRS to solve this problem.

[0104] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0105] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0106] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0107] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0109] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0110] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0111] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, layer (L)1 / L2 signaling, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0112] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In this disclosure, positioning may be interpreted interchangeably with location determination, location estimation, location prediction, etc.

[0115] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the operating entity is a UE / base station (gNB) / LMF, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between different entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE / gNB / LMF in the embodiments below may be read as a first UE, a second UE, a third, and so on. In other words, any UE / gNB / LMF in this disclosure may be read as any UE / gNB / LMF. Also, NW / base station (BS) / gNB / LMF / TRP may be read as any other.

[0116] In this disclosure, DL [positioning] and UL [positioning] may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0117] In this disclosure, positioning-only RS, PRS, DL-PRS, UL-PRS, [for Positioning] SRS, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, DL-PRS may mean an RS used in positioning using DL signals. In this disclosure, UL-PRS / [for Positioning] SRS may mean an RS used in positioning using UL signals.

[0118] In this disclosure, RS other than PRS, specific RS, RS for non-positioning purposes, RS used for purposes other than positioning, RS#A, CSI-RS, SSB, [non-positioning] SRS, TRS, DMRS, PTRS, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably. RS#A is a convenient expression and does not mean an RS having a specific index (index A).

[0119] In this disclosure, gNB, LMF, NG-RAN, TRP, and base stations / RAN nodes that communicate with UE may be interpreted interchangeably. LMF is defined as one of the network function (NF) / management function entities for positioning provided in the core network, and performs communication control related to location information. LMF may be installed in any device on the core network. In this disclosure, LMF may simply be referred to as a positioning management function entity.

[0120] In this disclosure, LPP [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between a UE and a positioning management function entity (e.g., LMF) present in the core network.

[0121] In this disclosure, RRC [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between the UE and the base station. RRC [signaling] may include LPP messages.

[0122] In this disclosure, NRPPa [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between a base station / RAN node and a positioning management function entity (e.g., LMF) present in the core network.

[0123] In this disclosure, signals, channels, information, information elements, parameters, data, messages, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0124] In this disclosure, carrier, frequency carrier, component carrier, frequency, band, frequency band, raster, synchronous raster, cell, channel, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0125] In this disclosure, "perch" and "1" may be interpreted as equivalent to each other. In this disclosure, "anchor" and "2" may be interpreted as equivalent to each other. In this disclosure, "data" and "3" may be interpreted as equivalent to each other.

[0126] In this disclosure, search, monitor, receive, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0127] In this disclosure, assistance data may mean information / data provided by a location server to enable a specific positioning scheme / positioning operation.

[0128] In the following descriptions of embodiments of this disclosure, we will primarily focus on examples where information elements from existing 5G NR (up to Rel. 18) are reused. However, the information elements for implementing each embodiment of this disclosure are not limited to these. For example, the information elements for implementing each embodiment of this disclosure may be new information elements defined for future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G) and beyond.

[0129] Positioning in each embodiment of this disclosure may be performed on the first / second / third carrier described above. The UE / base station may determine the carrier on which to perform positioning based on the specifications / configurations / instructions.

[0130] (Wireless communication method) <First embodiment> The first embodiment relates to positioning instructions using RS other than PRS (hereinafter, it may be conveniently called RS#A).

[0131] <<Embodiment 1-1>> Embodiment 1-1 will explain the definition of RS#A.

[0132] RS#A may be an RS other than a reference signal (PRS) used to perform at least one of the positioning operations (e.g., activate / deactivate / instruct RS measurement / measure / report measurement result / report positioning result, etc.).

[0133] Furthermore, RS#A may include PRS. In other words, RS#A may be a reference signal for at least one operation in positioning, and for other operations (e.g., synchronization / [other than positioning] measurements (e.g., radio resource measurement / channel state information measurement / interference measurement / beam measurement, etc.)).

[0134] In addition to RS#A, PRS may also be specified / supported. Alternatively, only RS#A may be specified / supported, and PRS may not be specified / supported.

[0135] Positioning operations using RS#A may be defined as mandatory operations. If PRS is defined / supported, positioning operations using PRS may be defined as optional operations.

[0136] Furthermore, positioning operations using PRS may be defined as mandatory operations, and positioning operations using RS#A may be defined as optional operations.

[0137] RS#A may be an existing specific RS / signal (e.g., one defined up to NR (Rel. 18 / 19 / 20)) (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS / TRS / SRS for applications other than positioning) or a newly defined RS / signal (e.g., one defined in 5G-A / 6G and later).

[0138] RS#A may be transmitted on a specific carrier. For example, RS#A may be transmitted on [only] a specific carrier (e.g., the first / second / third carrier).

[0139] Figure 2 shows an example of RS#A settings according to Embodiment 1-1. In the example shown in Figure 2, nr-RS#A is listed as an RS#A setting parameter. In the example shown in Figure 2, nr-RS#A is selected and set from a specific RS type (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS / TRS) / carrier (e.g., perch / anchor / data). Although not shown in Figure 2, PRS may also be selected as RS#A.

[0140] According to Embodiment 1-1 described above, RS#A can be appropriately defined / set.

[0141] <<Embodiment 1-2>> Embodiment 1-2 describes the notification of information regarding RS#A.

[0142] The base station may be notified / configured / instructed by the network (e.g., LMF) to send RS#A to the UE.

[0143] Such notifications / settings / instructions may also be transmitted using specific higher-layer signaling (e.g., NRPPa signaling).

[0144] The UE may be instructed by the NW (e.g., LMF) to transmit [UL]RS#A using specific higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling / LPP signaling).

[0145] A base station may be instructed by the network (e.g., LMF) to transmit [DL]RS#A using specific higher-layer signaling (e.g., NRPPa signaling).

[0146] Messages related to activating / deactivating positioning (e.g., requests to activate positioning (e.g., positioning activation request), responses to positioning activation requests (e.g., positioning activation response), signals indicating failures in activating positioning (e.g., positioning activation failure), and messages to deactivate positioning (e.g., positioning deactivation)) may be extended or newly defined for RS#A.

[0147] For example, the message may be defined as an information element defined for each type of RS#A, or it may be defined as another information element.

[0148] For example, RS#A may be specified / set / indicated in a common information element [not limited to the type of RS] for the message in question.

[0149] According to Embodiment 1-2 described above, it is possible to appropriately notify base stations of information regarding RS#A.

[0150] <<Embodiment 1-3>> Embodiment 1-3 describes the request / response of information regarding RS#A.

[0151] <<<Embodiment 1-3-1>>> The NW (e.g., LMF) may request information from the UE / base station regarding RS#A to be transmitted / received (or configured / instructed to be transmitted / received).

[0152] The request may include at least one of the following pieces of information: • Information about the transmitted / received RS#A (e.g., information about the RS type (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS / TRS / DMRS) / sequence); • Information about the transmitted / received RS#A time (e.g., information about the RS#A period / time domain behavior (e.g., aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic)); • Information about the transmitted / received RS#A frequency (e.g., information about the RS#A frequency / bandwidth (e.g., number of resource blocks) / band).

[0153] <<<Embodiment 1-3-2>>> The UE / base station may transmit a response of information about the RS#A that is to be transmitted / received (or set / instructed to be transmitted / received).

[0154] If there is no RS#A that corresponds to or contains the request received by the UE / base station, the UE / base station may transmit a specific signal (for example, a signal indicating a failure).

[0155] If a UE / base station does not send / receive an RS#A that corresponds to / contains a received request, the UE / base station may take certain actions.

[0156] For example, a UE / base station may transmit a specific signal (e.g., a signal indicating a failure) as part of that specific operation.

[0157] For example, as part of that particular operation, a UE / base station may transmit information about RS#A that it is transmitting / receiving (or that it is configured / instructed to transmit / receive) other than RS#A that corresponds to / includes the incoming request.

[0158] For example, a UE / base station may, as part of that specific operation, transmit whether or not it is possible to transmit / receive (or configure / instruct about transmitting / receiving) an RS#A that corresponds to / includes a received request.

[0159] For example, a UE / base station may, as part of that specific operation, transmit / receive (or configure / instruct about transmitting / receiving) an RS#A that responds to / includes a received request, and transmit information about that RS#A.

[0160] According to Embodiments 1-3 described above, the operation related to requests and responses regarding RS#A information can be appropriately defined.

[0161] <<Embodiment 1-4>> Embodiment 1-4 describes variations related to Embodiments 1-1 to 1-3 described above.

[0162] UE / base station may request the NW to perform positioning using RS#A.

[0163] The request may be transmitted, for example, using a specific higher-layer signaling (e.g., LPP / NRPPa signaling).

[0164] The request may be transmitted, for example, using information regarding assistance data requests (e.g., RequestAssistanceData). The request may be included, for example, in information regarding assistance data requests, or in information regarding assistance data requests for a specific positioning method (e.g., NR-DL-TDOA-RequestAssistanceData) which is included in information regarding assistance data requests.

[0165] The request may include, for example, a request for RS#A used for positioning.

[0166] The request may [explicitly] indicate the use of RS#A.

[0167] For example, RS#A may be selectively selected in the request (e.g., by the CHOICE type in ASN.1 notation). This method allows for the selection / determination of one type of RS as RS#A with a simple implementation.

[0168] Alternatively, for example, in the request, each RS#A may be assigned to each bit of the corresponding information, and the RS#A may be determined using a bitmap format. This method makes it possible to request multiple RS#A simultaneously.

[0169] Furthermore, the available RS#A combinations may be defined (in the specification) / set (by higher-layer signaling), and the required RS#A may be determined from the correspondences / tables / lists related to those RS#A combinations. This method makes it possible to request multiple RS#A simultaneously.

[0170] Furthermore, the request may be transmitted [implicitly], for example, using an assistance data request using RS#A.

[0171] The request for assistance data may include, for example, information regarding on-demand RS transmission and at least one of the expected metrics (e.g., AoD).

[0172] According to the first embodiment described above, positioning instructions using RS#A can be appropriately executed.

[0173] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to positioning operation.

[0174] UE / base stations may measure metrics using RS#A.

[0175] The measurement metric may be at least one of the following: • RSTD. • RTOA. • ToA. • AoA. • AoD. • RSRP. • RSRPP. • RSCP. • RSCPD.

[0176] The UE / base station may perform measurements in accordance with measurement operations using RS#A, which are included in the information element of an existing positioning scheme (e.g., at least one of DL / UL TDOA, Multi-RTT, DL AoD, UL AoA, E-CID) as defined up to Rel. 18.

[0177] UE / base stations may perform measurements in accordance with a [new] positioning scheme for positioning using RS#A. This positioning scheme may be a different scheme from existing positioning schemes, or it may be a positioning scheme that extends existing positioning schemes.

[0178] For example, the definitions of each metric in existing / new positioning schemes may be extended / specified to make RS#A applicable.

[0179] A measurement gap for measuring RS#A may be specified. This measurement gap may be an extension of an existing measurement gap (specified up to Rel. 18). The method for such extension will be described in detail in the fifth embodiment below.

[0180] The UE may be instructed to perform measurements using multiple types of RS#A. In this case, temporal collisions / overlaps of measurement operations of multiple types of RS#A may occur. For example, such collisions / overlaps may occur in at least one of the following cases: when measurements of multiple types of RS#A are performed at different intervals, or when measurement operations of at least one of multiple types of RS#A occur on demand / aperiodically.

[0181] If such collision / overlap occurs, the UE / base station may perform at least one of the following actions: - Select / determine which RS to drop / measure based on priority (e.g., specified / configured / instructed priority). - Prioritize measuring the previously measured RS. - Select / determine which RS to drop / measure based on RS settings (e.g., prioritizing RS with larger (or smaller) bandwidth). - Do not perform any measurement of any RS.

[0182] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment relates to reporting of RS#A measurement results.

[0183] The base station may use specific higher-layer signaling (e.g., NRPPa signaling) to transmit a report of the RS#A measurement results to the network (e.g., LMF).

[0184] The measurement results may be, for example, UL measurement results at a base station, or DL ​​measurement results reported by UE using RRC signaling.

[0185] The base station may report the measurement results reported by the UE to the NW using a specific method.

[0186] For example, a base station may include the measurement results reported by the UE in its report of UL signal measurement results at the base station (e.g., TRP measurement results).

[0187] For example, a base station may report the measurement results reported by the UE using a newly defined RS#A information element for reporting measurement results (e.g., RS#A measurement results).

[0188] For example, a base station may report the measurement results reported by the UE using existing information elements for measurement result reporting (as defined up to Rel. 18) (e.g., E-CID measurement report [unrelated to UL / DL]).

[0189] In this case, certain metrics that cannot be included in existing reporting settings (as defined up to Rel. 18), such as DL AoD, may be added as new reportable metrics (or candidates for new reportsable metrics).

[0190] According to the third embodiment described above, the measurement results of RS#A can be reported appropriately.

[0191] <Fourth Embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to the operation / definition of RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE.

[0192] For example, RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE may have a smaller maximum supported bandwidth. For example, in FR1, the RedCap UE may have a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz during initial access and thereafter. For example, in FR2, the RedCap UE may have a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz during initial access and thereafter.

[0193] For example, RedCapUE may support a small number of receive branches. For example, RedCapUE may support one or two receive branches. Also, RedCapUE may support a small maximum number of MIMO layers. For example, RedCapUE may support one or two MIMO layers. Also, RedCapUE may support a small modulation order. For example, RedCapUE may optionally support 256QAM in FR1.

[0194] Positioning using RS#A may be performed for RedCapUE.

[0195] For example, existing SSB beam-based positioning operations are insufficient in terms of the number of reports, the number of reportable beams, and the measurement granularity. Therefore, a new positioning calculation method using SSB as RS#A is described below. For example, it aims to improve the accuracy of angle-based positioning using SSB beams.

[0196] For example, the UE may be instructed to perform positioning measurements using SSB. Alternatively, for example, the UE may be instructed to perform angle-based positioning using base station transmit beams. Alternatively, for example, the UE may be instructed to measure and report the index of multiple nearby SSBs in non-group-based SSB beam reporting. Alternatively, for example, the UE may be instructed to measure and report the index of multiple nearby SSBs in group-based SSB beam reporting. It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention are not limited to application to RedCapUE, but may also be applied to ordinary non-RedCapUE.

[0197] The UE may assume that positioning measurements using SSB are instructed. Alternatively, the UE may assume that CSI-RS is used instead of SSB. Positioning measurements may specifically refer to the following metrics, for example (e.g., DL-TDOA / UE Rx-Tx time difference / RSRP / RSRQ / AoD):

[0198] The UL signal for RTT measurement may be any signal (e.g., SRS, positioning SRS, DM-RS, PRACH, etc.).

[0199] UE capabilities related to positioning using SSB may be defined, and it may be assumed that UEs are instructed to report such UE capabilities to the network. For example, such UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: • Whether or not it supports SSB positioning. This capability may be defined per metric. • Positionable measurement cycles. It may be assumed that the network sets or resets from among these capabilities. • Receivable base station transmit beams, configurable UE receive beams. • Reportable SSB or CSI-RS indexes. • Conditions for SSBs defined as peripheral beams (definition rules, number of reportable peripheral beams, etc.).

[0200] Furthermore, conditions may be specified for the SCS of SSB used for positioning using base station transmission beams. When the SCS is large, the larger the measurement bandwidth, the better the timing positioning accuracy. For example, it may be specified that an SCS of 30 kHz or higher is usable for positioning. For example, in addition to SCSs of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz, new SCSs intended for positioning applications may be defined.

[0201] Furthermore, the UE may explicitly or implicitly report to the network the reference signals, signals, or channels used for positioning using the base station transmit beam. When reporting implicitly to the network, it may be included in the measurement report in response to measurement instructions from the NW.

[0202] Furthermore, the UE may report the RS#A / SSB SCS used for positioning using the base station's transmitted beam to the NW as positioning integrity.

[0203] Furthermore, the network (NW) may instruct the UE to specify the RS#A / SSB SCS used for positioning that utilizes the base station's transmission beam.

[0204] Through the above operation, even UEs that do not support positioning RS can perform positioning.

[0205] The UE may be instructed to perform angle-based positioning using the base station transmit beam. The UE may perform transmit beam measurements using RS#A and assume that the RS#A index and RSRP information are reported to the LMF from the UE or the base station.

[0206] The UE may report to the network not as an index of S, RS#A, but as the angle information itself (i.e., the beam boresight) or a value containing some angle width information. The coordinate system may be either LCS (local coordinate system) or GCS (global coordinate system).

[0207] The UE may assume that different operations are instructed by the network depending on the SSB's deployment frequency. For example, SSBs at different frequency locations may be processed as the same measurement result if they have the same index, or they may be processed as separate measurement results. This allows for consideration of the possibility that the beam direction and characteristics may change with frequency.

[0208] The UE may be instructed to use the beam's SSB index and RSRP information to perform angle-based positioning, such as DL-AoD, and report it to the network. Alternatively, the UE may be instructed to report the measured SSB index and RSRP information to the network. Furthermore, the UE may be instructed to report this information as supplementary information for timing-based positioning, in addition to angle-based positioning.

[0209] Furthermore, the number of indices and / or frequencies that support positioning using base station transmission beams may be specified. For example, it may be specified that if an integer N or more beams are configured, they can be used for positioning. For example, positioning may not be performed in an 8-beam configuration where sufficient angular resolution cannot be expected, but beam-based positioning may be supported in a 64-beam configuration.

[0210] Furthermore, the use of positioning functions may be specified for each FR1 / FR2. For example, beam-based positioning may be supported only when using FR2, which has strong angular directionality.

[0211] Furthermore, the UE may assume that the SSB index to be measured is instructed by the network. For example, it may assume that the SSB index to be instructed to be measured is limited based on past location / beam information. For example, the UE may assume that it is instructed to estimate the arrival angle by two-stage beam sweeping, in which the entire beam is first measured, and then the surrounding beams of high-power beams are measured again.

[0212] Through the above operation, even UEs that do not support positioning RS can perform positioning using angle information.

[0213] The UE may be instructed to measure and report the index of multiple nearby SSBs in non-group-based SSB beam reporting. If nearby SSBs are unavailable, positioning using only the reference SSB may be instructed. Nearby SSBs may be defined as, for example, as shown in definitions 1-3 below. The number of nearby SSBs may be specified separately by use, or it may be instructed or set by the network based on UE capabilities.

[0214] - Definition 1: SSB indices that are spatially adjacent to a reference SSB within N (N is 0 or greater) positions. - Definition 2: SSB indices whose launch angle (boresight) is notified to the UE as assistance data, and whose difference from the reference SSB is within R (R is 0 or greater). - Definition 3: M (M is 0 or greater) or more SSB indices within an SSB subset that is separately associated with a reference SSB.

[0215] The adjacent SSB indices in Definition 1 may be defined. When N is 1, the nearby SSB may be the reference SSB index and the adjacent SSB index where N=1. Also, when N is 2, the nearby SSB may be the reference SSB index, the adjacent SSB index where N=1 and the adjacent SSB index where N=2. Furthermore, the launch angle difference R with respect to the reference SSB in Definition 2 may be defined.

[0216] Furthermore, a situation in which a nearby SSB cannot be used may be when at least one of N, R, and M is a specific value (for example, 0).

[0217] By comparing the RSRPs between surrounding SSB indices, angle estimation can be performed with finer precision than that of the beam particle size. For example, if SSB index #0 is -17 dBm, SSB index #1 is -10 dBm, SSB index #2 is -12 dBm, and SSB index #3 is -21 dBm, then by comparing their respective RSRPs, the location of the UE can be estimated in more detail in the area where its presence is estimated from SSB index #1, which has the highest RSRP.

[0218] It may be assumed that measurement results from beam management are reported from the UE or gNB to the LMF. Separately, a reporting IE for positioning purposes may be specified in the specifications. It may also be assumed that the UE is instructed to measure and report SSB beams from multiple TRPs. Furthermore, it may be assumed that the UE performs positioning calculations from multiple measurement results, including those from surrounding SSBs, and reports the results of these calculations to the network.

[0219] The UE may assume that, in addition to the beams for which reporting is required in beam management, it will also be instructed to report RSRPs for surrounding beams. The number of reports that can be made may be expanded from N = {1, 2, 4}. The reporting format may be format 1 or format 2 as shown below. Hereinafter, the reference SSB is defined as the upper beam, and the eight surrounding beams corresponding to the adjacent SSBs in the case of N = 1 are defined as the surrounding beams of that upper beam.

[0220] ・Format 1: The UE may assume that the top M (0 ≤ M ≤ N) beams with the highest RSRP and the surrounding beams of each of those M beams are reported. N may be the number of beams that can be reported, or the total number of beams that can be set. ・Format 1-1: Only the beam with the highest RSRP may be reported as an absolute value, and the other beams may be reported as the difference from the highest beam. ・Format 1-2: The top M beams with the highest RSRP may be reported as absolute values, and the surrounding beams associated with each beam may be reported as differences in RSRP. ・Format 1-2-1: The difference may be the difference from the beam with the highest RSRP. ・Format 1-2-2: The difference may be the difference from each of the top M beams with the highest RSRP. ・Format 1-3: All RSRPs may be reported as absolute values.

[0221] - Format 2: The number of reportable beams N = {1, 2, 4} can be expanded to a larger value so that surrounding beams are included in the report with a high probability. Surrounding beams can be associated in the network and used in positioning calculations. - Format 2-1: Only the beam with the largest RSRP can report the RSRP as an absolute value, and other beams can report the RSRP as the difference from the largest beam. - Format 2-2: All RSRPs can be reported as absolute values.

[0222] In Format 1 above, the UE may assume that the SSB index is reported with the following priority options:

[0223] Option A: Prioritization of reports is not required. All surrounding SSB beam indices may be reported, even if they are duplicates. Option A simplifies reporting by allowing positioning calculations to be performed using only beam sequences.

[0224] Option B: The higher SSB beam index may be prioritized. For the peripheral SSB beam index, the SSB index reported for the higher beam does not need to be reported. Option B can reduce the data size.

[0225] Option C: The upper SSB beam index and RSRP may be prioritized for the surrounding SSB beam index associated with a larger upper beam. The surrounding SSB beam index does not need to report the SSB index reported for the upper beam, or the SSB index reported for the surrounding SSB beam index associated with a larger upper beam. Option C can reduce the data size compared to Option B.

[0226] The above operation enables angle estimation that is finer than the SSB beam index granularity.

[0227] The UE may be instructed to measure and report the index of multiple nearby SSBs in a group-based SSB beam report. It may also be instructed that the measurement results from beam management are reported from the UE or gNB to the LMF. Separately, a reporting IE for positioning purposes may be specified in the specifications. The UE may also be instructed to measure and report SSB beams from multiple TRPs. The definition of an SSB group may be as follows (1-3):

[0228] 1: Beam index groups defined in group-based beam management. 2: Beam groups defined in CSI-SSB-ResourceSet (see Non-Patent Document 7). 3: Surrounding beam groups newly defined as beam index groups for positioning. It may be assumed that the units of the reporting groups are instructed or set from the network.

[0229] Furthermore, it may be assumed that the UE performs positioning calculations based on multiple measurement results, including those from surrounding SSBs, and reports the calculation results to the network.

[0230] The UE may assume that measurements and reports will be directed within the group (i.e., the adjacent beam). The report may be in the format of format 3 or format 4 shown below.

[0231] - Format 3: RSRP or RSRQ may be reported in descending order. - Format 3-1: Only the largest beam may be reported as an absolute value, while other beams may be reported as the difference from the largest beam. - Format 3-2: All beams may be reported as absolute values.

[0232] Format 4: You may report the absolute values ​​within the group in index order.

[0233] In the fourth embodiment, the UE can perform positioning using angular information even if it does not support PRS. Furthermore, the UE can perform angular estimation with finer granularity than that of the SSB beam index. In other words, according to the fourth embodiment, positioning using RS#A can be performed.

[0234] <Fifth Embodiment> The UE may set / instruct a measurement gap for positioning using RS#A.

[0235] For example, at least one of the following UE capability information regarding measurement gaps may be specified. Based on the reporting of such capability information, at least one of setting the measurement gap and / or instructing the measurement operation may be performed: • Settable gap patterns (gap setting unit (per UE / per FR), gap length, gap period). • RS#A transmission type used for positioning (e.g., periodic / semi-periodic / aperiodic). • Whether positioning using RS#A and other measurements can be performed simultaneously. • Extended measurement gap lengths that can be supported when performing simultaneous measurements. • Support for prioritizing between positioning using RS#A and other measurements or reception of DL signals. • Support for prioritizing between positioning using RS#A and transmission of UL signals.

[0236] Furthermore, it may be assumed that the measurement gap is set for each UE / FR. It may also be assumed that different measurement gap lengths are specified / set within / between frequency bands / RATs.

[0237] The UE may assume that gap patterns are defined in advance in a correspondence (e.g., a table). For example, the UE may assume that new gap patterns are added for positioning using RS#A.

[0238] For example, a UE might assume that a specific gap pattern ID (e.g., an ID with 24 or more values) is defined as a gap pattern for positioning. In this case, existing correspondences (tables) defined in the specification can be reused.

[0239] For example, the UE may define existing correspondence relationships (tables) and UE capability information (as defined up to Rel. 18). In this case, a positioning gap pattern for a first frequency range (e.g., FR1) may be defined for a first range gap pattern ID (e.g., an ID with a value between 12 and 23), and a positioning gap pattern for a second frequency range (e.g., FR2) may be defined for a second range gap pattern ID (e.g., an ID with a value of 24 or more). In this case, the regularity of IDs in the existing specifications can be ensured.

[0240] Furthermore, the timing of application for each gap pattern may be specified in advance in the specifications using a correspondence (e.g., a table).

[0241] The UE may anticipate the timing of applying the positioning gap pattern. Gap patterns for RS#A may be added to the correspondences defined in the existing specifications, or new correspondences for RS#A gap patterns may be defined.

[0242] A default measurement gap may be specified. If the UE does not support a positioning measurement gap, the UE may measure RS#A using the default measurement gap.

[0243] Based on the above, it becomes possible to set a measurement gap suitable for positioning.

[0244] Next, we will explain specific examples of widening the measurement gap.

[0245] <<Option 5-1>> A UE capable of simultaneously performing positioning using RS#A and non-positioning measurements may perform multiple measurement operations, including positioning and non-positioning measurements, within a single measurement gap.

[0246] For example, a UE may be assumed to share a measurement gap in multiple measurement operations in at least one of the following situations: • When a UE with a set measurement gap requests the setting of a measurement gap for intra-frequency band / inter-frequency band measurements, or when the SMTC (SSB-based RRM Measurement Timing Configuration) measurement window set for measurement overlaps with the measurement gap. • When a UE with a set measurement gap for each FR requests the setting of a measurement gap for intra-frequency band measurements, or when the measurement window set for measurement overlaps with the measurement gap. • When a UE with a set measurement gap for each FR requests the setting of a measurement gap for inter-frequency band measurements and has the capability to set inter-frequency band measurements, or when the measurement window set for measurement overlaps with the measurement gap for each FR.

[0247] In a single measurement gap, the proportion of time each measurement occupies within the measurement gap may be defined.

[0248] The UE may set / instruct the base station to perform measurements at a specific ratio. For example, if the UE can perform positioning by RS#A and radio link monitoring (RLM) by another RS ​​(e.g., CSI-RS) simultaneously, it may set / instruct the UE to perform a 1:1 ratio of the time spent within the measurement gap between positioning by RS#A and RLM by the other RS.

[0249] Furthermore, the UE may be set / indicated to have a longer measurement gap than during a single measurement.

[0250] For example, the aforementioned correspondence may include a gap length that assumes the sharing of measurement gaps.

[0251] The gap length extension (value) may be specified. The UE may indicate the measurement gap to be used from among the specified extensions. The extension may be specified in a specific time unit (e.g., ms / frames) or as an extension rate (magnification). In addition, UE capability information corresponding to the extension may be specified.

[0252] The UE may determine that the measurement gap length is determined based on the type of measurement being set simultaneously.

[0253] This option clarifies the operation when positioning and other measurements are set simultaneously, and also allows positioning and other measurements to be performed at the same time.

[0254] <<Option 5-2>> Restrictions may be imposed on at least one of the following: positioning using RS#A, other measurements, and reception of DL signals.

[0255] The UE may determine, based on the priority set, that if positioning using RS#A and measurement using RS other than for positioning, or the timing of DL signal reception (e.g., symbol), overlap, one of the measurements or DL ​​signal reception will be restricted.

[0256] The UE does not necessarily assume only cases where the timings completely overlap, but may also assume cases where the gap before and after the measurement affects the other measurement or reception. For example, the UE may determine that a restriction applies if the other measurement or DL ​​reception is within the range of the measurement gap set for positioning, or it may determine that a restriction applies if the other measurement or DL ​​reception is within X (symbols / milliseconds) from the first or last symbol of the measurement gap, even if it is outside the range of the measurement gap set for positioning. Furthermore, the UE may determine that a restriction applies if the other measurement or reception is within X (symbols / milliseconds) from the reception of RS#A for positioning.

[0257] In this disclosure, reception of a DL signal may mean, for example, reception of a PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS / SSB signal.

[0258] Measurement priorities may be defined in the specifications. Furthermore, default measurement behaviors related to these priorities may be defined in the specifications, or measurement priorities may be set / instructed. The UE may also receive configuration information indicating measurement priorities, and if such configuration information includes a set value, use that value; if no configuration information is received, or if the configuration information does not include a set value, use a fixed value / calculation formula defined in the specifications.

[0259] The following combinations of priority may be defined / set / instructed: • DL positioning priority. • DL measurement (other than positioning) priority. • DL signal reception priority.

[0260] For example, positioning by RS#A may be given a higher priority than RLM by another RS ​​(e.g., CSI-RS). In this case, if the UE determines that positioning by RS#A and RLM by the other RS ​​affect each other's measurements, including the gap before and after measurement, regardless of the measurement gap (i.e., they are subject to limitations), the UE may cancel RLM by the other RS.

[0261] The UE may have operational restrictions set for each of the following cases, or for each combination of the following: • Presence or absence of UE capability information (e.g., “simultaneousRxDataRS#A-DiffNumerology”). • Per frequency band (FR). • Distinction between the same SCS or being separated by a certain distance. • Frequency position (e.g., physical resource block (PRB)) relationship. • Per measurement application other than positioning (e.g., at least one of RLM, beam fault recovery (BFD), candidate beam detection (CBD), L1-RSRP measurement). • Per signal reception type (e.g., PDSCH / PDCCH). • Per positioning type (e.g., timing / angle).

[0262] UE may determine that restrictions are relaxed if simultaneous measurement is possible.

[0263] For example, if UE can simultaneously measure positioning by RS#A and RLM by another RS ​​(e.g., CSI-RS), then positioning by RS#A and RLM by the other RS ​​may be included within the same measurement gap time.

[0264] For example, if positioning by RS#A and RLM by another RS ​​overlap, the limitation in the case of FR2 may be to measure one of them and cancel the other.

[0265] Furthermore, in the case of FR1, there are no restrictions if the SCSs of the two positioning devices are the same, and if the SCSs are different, there are no restrictions if the UE capability information indicates that simultaneous measurement is possible, and in other cases, one of the devices may be measured and the other measurement may be canceled.

[0266] This option clarifies the limitations when positioning and other measurements are set simultaneously.

[0267] <<Option 5-3>> For UEs corresponding to HD (Half-Dual Duplex) - FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), a priority may be set, and if the timing of positioning using RS#A and the transmission of UL signals (e.g., symbols) overlap, the operation of one of them may be restricted based on that priority.

[0268] Furthermore, in a UE compatible with FD-FDD / TDD (time-division duplexing), priorities may be set based on UE capability information, and if the timing of positioning using RS#A and the transmission of UL signals (e.g., symbols) overlap, the operation of one of them may be restricted based on the priority.

[0269] UE does not necessarily assume only cases where the timings completely overlap, but may also assume cases where the operation of the other is affected, including gaps before and after measurement or UL transmission.

[0270] The UE may determine that a restriction applies if the other operation occurs within X (symbols / milliseconds) from the first or last symbol of the measurement gap, even if it is outside the range of the measurement gap set for positioning. The UE may also determine that a restriction applies if the other measurement or transmission occurs within X (symbols / milliseconds) from the reception of the RS#A for positioning.

[0271] The range of influence of the measurement may be defined by the length in the time direction from the beginning or end of the measurement gap. For example, the range of influence may be defined as the sum of the range X1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap and the range X2 (symbols / millisecond) from the end of the measurement gap.

[0272] The range of influence of the measurement may be defined based on either the beginning or the end of the measurement gap. For example, the range of influence may be defined as the sum of the range X1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap and the range X2 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap.

[0273] Furthermore, the measurement's range of influence may be defined by the length in the time direction from the RS#A reception timing / time.

[0274] A minimum gap value Y (symbols / millisecond) may be defined depending on the UE capability. The UE may assume that X is set within the range X >= Y.

[0275] The range of influence of the measurement may be defined by the length in the time direction from the beginning or end of the measurement gap. For example, a range corresponding to the terminal capability may be defined by combining the range of the minimum gap value Y1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap according to the UE capability and the range of Y2 (symbols / millisecond) from the end of the measurement gap. Alternatively, the range of influence may be defined by combining the range of X1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap and the range of X2 (symbols / millisecond) from the end of the measurement gap, within the range where X1 >= Y1 and X2 >= Y2.

[0276] The range of influence of the measurement may be defined based on either the beginning or the end of the measurement gap. For example, a range corresponding to the terminal capability may be defined, which is the sum of the range of the minimum gap value Y1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap according to the UE capability and the range of Y2 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap. Alternatively, a range of influence may be defined, which is the sum of the range of X1 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap and the range of X2 (symbols / millisecond) from the beginning of the measurement gap, in the range where X1 >= Y1 and X2 >= Y2.

[0277] Furthermore, the measurement's range of influence may be defined by the length in the time direction from the SSB reception timing / time.

[0278] The UE may determine that a restriction applies if the other operation (measurement or UL transmission) falls within the measurement gap set for positioning.

[0279] In this disclosure, the transmission of a UL signal may mean, for example, the transmission of PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PRACH.

[0280] Measurement priorities may be defined in the specifications, default behavior regarding such priorities may be defined in the specifications, or measurement priorities may be set / instructed. The UE may also receive configuration information indicating the measurement priorities, and if such configuration information includes a set value, use that set value; if no configuration information is received or the configuration information does not include a set value, use a fixed value / calculation formula defined in the specifications.

[0281] At least one of the following priority combinations may be specified / set / instructed: • UL transmission priority. • DL positioning priority.

[0282] Positioning using RS#A may be given a higher priority than the transmission of other UL signals. In this case, the UE may determine that positioning using RS#A and the transmission of other UL signals affect each other's measurements, including the gap before and after measurement, regardless of the measurement gap (i.e., they are subject to limitations). In this case, the UE may cancel the transmission of the UL signal that includes the other UL signal, or may drop the other UL signal from the transmission target.

[0283] This indicates that the transmission of another UL signal is given a higher priority than positioning using RS#A. In this case, if the transmission of the other UL signal takes priority and no measurement gap is set, the UE may set the next measurement gap by counting the measurement gap setting cycle, assuming that a measurement gap will be set at that timing.

[0284] The UE may have operational restrictions set for at least one of the following cases: • Presence or absence of UE capability information (e.g., “simultaneousRxDataRS#A-DiffNumerology”). • Per frequency band (FR). • Distinction between the same SCS or a certain distance apart. • Frequency position (PRB) relationship. • Per measurement application other than positioning (RLM / BFD / CBD / L1-RSRP measurement). • Per signal transmission type (PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PRACH). • Per positioning type (timing / angle).

[0285] This option clarifies the limitations when positioning and UL signal transmission are set simultaneously.

[0286] <<Option 5-4>> The UE may perform positioning using multiple signals simultaneously (or with a specific time gap in between) in periods that overlap in time. In this case, the UE may use a common measurement gap for the multiple signals, or it may use measurement gaps set separately for each signal.

[0287] The UE may use a common measurement gap to perform positioning using RS#A and other signals simultaneously (or with a specific time-direction gap in between).

[0288] The UE may use separate measurement gaps to perform positioning using RS#A and other signals simultaneously (or with a specific time gap in between).

[0289] The UE may be configured with multiple signals for positioning, and the signal to be used may be specified from among the multiple signals configured.

[0290] The UE may instruct a switch of the RS signal if the reception status of one of the signals (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ) deteriorates or improves. A threshold for determining whether or not to switch signals may be specified in the specification.

[0291] The UE may be instructed to switch based on its relationship with the RS set for measurement purposes other than positioning. For example, if RS#A is used for positioning and RS#A is also used for RLM / BFD / CBD purposes, the UE may be instructed to discontinue positioning using RS#A and switch to positioning using another type of RS#A (or PRS).

[0292] The UE may be configured to use separate signals for timing and angle measurements, and the use of these signals may be determined based on the measurement metric.

[0293] In UE-assisted positioning calculations, the UE may report measurement results for multiple types of signals. The base station / LMF may perform positioning calculations based on the reported measurement results.

[0294] The UE may be instructed to report the top X types of signal measurement results based on the priority of the signal types to be reported.

[0295] The priority may be specified in advance in the specifications.

[0296] The value of X may be defined as UE capability information.

[0297] The UE may set / instruct the priority.

[0298] The UE may report the measured values ​​separately for each signal.

[0299] The UE may integrate and report the measured values. For example, the UE may integrate the measured values ​​using statistical calculations such as the mean or a weighted average based on the proportion of measurements. Alternatively, the UE may report the proportion of signals measured along with the statistical values.

[0300] The UE may report the type of signal used as information regarding positioning accuracy, along with the measurement results. For example, the type of signal reported may be SS-RSRP / CSI-RSRP / TRS-RSRP, or SS-RSTD / CSI-RSTD / TRS-RSTD, etc.

[0301] This option can improve positioning accuracy.

[0302] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0303] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0304] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0305] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0306] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0307] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0308] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0309] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0310] <<Regarding the Application of Each Embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0311] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; • Supporting monitoring frequencies / first carrier / second carrier / third carrier (and related operations); • Supporting positioning using RS#A.

[0312] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0313] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0314] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0315] (Notes) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A base station having a receiving unit that receives a positioning instruction using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to terminal positioning, and a control unit that determines the measurement result of the specific reference signal based on the instruction and controls the reporting of the measurement result. [Note 2] The base station according to Note 1, wherein the specific reference signal is at least one of a synchronization signal block, a channel state information reference signal, a tracking reference signal, and a sounding reference signal for purposes other than positioning. [Note 3] The base station according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the instruction includes information relating to the specific reference signal, and the control unit controls the transmission of a response to the information. [Note 4] The base station according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit instructs the terminal to transmit the specific reference signal on the uplink based on the instruction.

[0316] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0317] Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0318] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0319] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0320] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0321] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0322] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0323] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0324] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0325] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0326] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0327] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0328] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0329] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0330] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0331] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0332] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0333] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0334] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0335] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0336] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0337] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0338] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0339] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0340] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0341] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0342] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0343] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0344] (Base Station) Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0345] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0346] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0347] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0348] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0349] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0350] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0351] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0352] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0353] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0354] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0355] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0356] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0357] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0358] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0359] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0360] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0361] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0362] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0363] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive instructions for positioning using a specific reference signal other than the reference signal dedicated to positioning the terminal. Based on the instructions, the control unit 110 may determine the measurement result of the specific reference signal and control the reporting of the measurement result (first / second / third embodiments).

[0364] The specific reference signal may be at least one of a synchronization signal block, a channel state information reference signal, a tracking reference signal, and a sounding reference signal for purposes other than positioning (first embodiment).

[0365] The instruction may include information about the specific reference signal. The control unit 110 may control the transmission of a response to the information (first embodiment).

[0366] The control unit 110 may instruct the terminal to transmit the specific reference signal for the uplink based on the instruction (first embodiment).

[0367] (User Terminal) Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0368] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0369] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0370] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0371] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0372] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0373] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0374] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0375] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0376] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0377] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0378] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0379] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0380] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0381] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0382] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0383] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0384] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0385] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0386] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0387] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0388] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0389] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0390] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0391] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0392] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0393] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0394] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0395] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0396] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0397] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0398] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0399] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0400] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0401] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0402] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0403] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0404] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0405] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0406] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0407] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0408] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0409] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0410] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0411] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0412] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0413] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0414] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0415] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0416] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0417] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0418] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0419] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0420] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0421] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0422] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0423] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0424] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0425] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0426] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0427] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0428] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0429] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0430] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0431] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0432] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0433] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0434] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0435] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0436] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0437] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0438] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0439] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0440] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0441] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0442] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to part or all of the coverage area of at least one of the base station and the base station subsystem that provides communication services in this coverage.

[0443] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to the terminal may be read as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control / operation based on the information, and vice versa.

[0444] In the present disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0445] The mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0446] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0447] The mobile object refers to an object that can move, and its moving speed is arbitrary, including the case where the mobile object is stationary. The mobile object includes, for example, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, shovel cars, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these, and is not limited thereto. Further, the mobile object may be a mobile object that autonomously travels based on an operation command.

[0448] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), a mobile object that moves without a driver (e.g., a drone, an autonomous driving vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanoid or non-humanoid). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0449] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0450] The drive unit 41 is composed of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on an operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0451] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0452] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0453] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0454] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0455] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0456] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0457] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0458] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0459] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0460] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0461] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0462] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0463] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0464] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0465] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0466] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0467] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0468] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0469] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0470] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0471] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0472] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0473] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0474] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0475] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0476] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0477] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0478] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0479] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0480] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0481] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", "B until A" may be mutually read as each other. Here, A, B, etc. may be appropriately replaced with suitable expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and normal sentences according to the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately 0 (immediately after or immediately before). Also, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be mutually read as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on the notified information.

[0482] In the present disclosure, timing, time, hour, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, sub-slot, symbol, sub-frame), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be mutually read as each other.

[0483] As described above, the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustrative explanation and does not bring any restrictive meaning to the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A base station having a receiving unit that receives instructions for positioning using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to terminal positioning, and a control unit that determines the measurement result of the specific reference signal based on the instructions and controls the reporting of the measurement result.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the specific reference signal is at least one of a synchronization signal block, a channel state information reference signal, a tracking reference signal, and a sounding reference signal for purposes other than positioning.

3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the instruction includes information relating to the specific reference signal, and the control unit controls the transmission of a response to the information.

4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the control unit instructs the terminal to transmit the specific reference signal for the uplink based on the instruction.

5. A wireless communication method for a base station, comprising the steps of: receiving an instruction for positioning using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to positioning the terminal; and determining the measurement result of the specific reference signal based on the instruction.

6. A positioning management function entity comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits instructions for positioning using a specific reference signal other than a reference signal dedicated to terminal positioning; and a control unit that uses the instructions to instruct the determination of the measurement result of the specific reference signal.

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