Multi-orbit satellite access-based network optimization method and apparatus, device, and medium

Abstract

A multi-orbit satellite access-based network optimization method and apparatus, a device, and a medium. The method comprises: in response to an access request of user equipment, acquiring satellite orbit information from a network data analysis function module; on the basis of a parameter requirement in the access request and the satellite orbit information, selecting a satellite of a target orbit satellite from satellites of multiple orbits, and connecting the user equipment to the satellite of the target orbit; on the basis of the access request of the user equipment and current network states of satellites of different orbits, obtaining a Qos policy and configuring a network slice; on the basis of the Qos policy and the network slice, constructing a data transmission session, so as to cause the user equipment to perform data transmission with a user plane functional module by means of the satellite of the target orbit. By means of monitoring a user requirement and a network state in real time, an optimal satellite orbit and network slice are intelligently selected, to implement dynamic traffic routing and Qos configuration, thereby ensuring that the user obtains stable service quality in different scenarios.

Description

Network optimization method, device and equipment based on multi-orbit satellite access and medium TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a network optimization method, device and equipment based on multi-orbit satellite access and medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing 5G network architecture mainly relies on ground base stations for user access, which is difficult to effectively cover remote areas or complex terrain. At the same time, the network slicing and QoS management method under this architecture is usually statically configured, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time network status and user demand. This leads to difficulty in guaranteeing service quality when user demand changes or network load fluctuates, and user experience is affected. In addition, the architecture is mainly a single satellite access mode, which lacks flexibility and cannot fully utilize the advantages of different orbit satellites, resulting in resource waste and low connection efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a network optimization method under a multi-orbit satellite access mode, which can intelligently select the best satellite orbit and network slice according to real-time user demand and network status, and optimize resource allocation.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a network optimization method, device and equipment based on multi-orbit satellite access and medium, which intelligently selects the best satellite orbit and network slice according to real-time user demand and network status, and optimizes resource allocation. The technical solution is as follows.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access, which comprises:

[0007] In response to an access request of a user equipment, satellite orbit information is obtained from a network data analysis function module; the satellite orbit information is used to represent the type and parameters of multiple satellites.

[0008] According to the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, a target orbit satellite is selected from the multi-orbit satellite, and the user equipment is accessed to the target orbit satellite.

[0009] Based on the access request of the user equipment and the current network status of each orbit satellite, a Qos policy is obtained, and a network slice is configured.

[0010] Based on the Qos policy and the network slice, a data transmission session is constructed to enable the user equipment to perform data transmission with a user plane function module through the target orbit satellite.

[0011] The network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access provided in the application has the following advantages.

[0012] The network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access provided in the application collects service requirements and location information of users according to access requests of user equipment, the location information is obtained through GPS positioning or base station positioning, the service requirements refer to delay sensitivity, bandwidth requirements and coverage requirements of user equipment, the service requirements of users should be fully considered when selecting orbit satellite access, in addition, the identification code of user equipment should be collected to verify the identity of user equipment and ensure legal access. When selecting the optimal orbit satellite, the current satellite orbit information should be obtained first, the satellite orbit information includes orbit information, load information, signal quality information and delay information of all available satellites. Based on the service requirements and location information of users and in combination with the satellite orbit information, the optimal orbit satellite is selected from the multi-orbit satellite to access the user equipment. After the user equipment is accessed to the target orbit satellite, the appropriate Qos strategy is generated according to the access request of user equipment and the current network state of each orbit satellite, and the appropriate network slice is configured based on the strategy. According to the Qos strategy and the configured network slice, the corresponding data transmission session is generated to ensure that the user equipment transmits data through the target orbit satellite according to the Qos strategy. In the data transmission process, the network traffic and key indicators in the data transmission process are monitored in real time, the key indicators include delay and packet loss rate, and the traffic and indicators are analyzed to optimize and adjust the data transmission session. If an abnormal report is obtained through analysis, for example, the delay of data transmission increases or the packet loss rate becomes high, a new orbit satellite is selected for the user equipment to connect and a new data transmission session is constructed to retransmit data. In the complex environment of multi-orbit satellite access, the dynamic orbit satellite access selection based on real-time orbit satellite network conditions and user service requirements is realized, the resource allocation is adjusted in real time according to the service requirements of users and the network load, the service quality is guaranteed, the traffic routing is dynamically adjusted through real-time monitoring of the data transmission traffic and network state of user equipment, efficient data transmission is ensured, and the flexibility, service quality and resource utilization efficiency of the network are greatly improved.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the types of the plurality of satellites include orbit information of the satellites; the parameters of the plurality of satellites include load information, signal quality information and delay information of the satellites. The parameter requirements in the access request include service requirements and location information; the service requirements include delay sensitivity, bandwidth requirements and coverage requirements.

[0014] In an optional implementation, selecting a target orbit satellite from the multi-orbit satellites according to the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information includes:

[0015] According to the location information in the access request of the current user equipment, a candidate orbit satellite capable of covering the location of the current user equipment is selected from the multiple orbit satellites; and according to the service requirement in the access request of the current user equipment and in combination with the satellite orbit information, a target orbit satellite is selected from the candidate orbit satellites.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, if the number of the target orbit satellites is greater than 1, a delay weight is set according to the delay sensitivity in the access request of the user equipment, and a load weight and a signal strength weight are respectively set according to the load information and the signal quality information of the satellites; the delay weight, the load weight and the signal strength weight are weighted and scored, and the optimal target orbit satellite is obtained according to the scoring result.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the data transmission session is monitored to obtain network traffic and criticality indicators in the data transmission process; the criticality indicators include delay and packet loss rate; and the data transmission session is optimized and adjusted according to the monitoring result. If an abnormal report is generated for the data transmission session, a new orbit satellite is selected for the user equipment to connect and a new data transmission session is constructed; the abnormal report includes an increase in delay or a high packet loss rate.

[0018] In a second aspect, the application provides a network optimization device based on multiple orbit satellite access, which comprises:

[0019] An acquisition module is configured to acquire satellite orbit information from a network data analysis function module in response to an access request of a user equipment; the satellite orbit information is used to represent the types and parameters of multiple orbit satellites;

[0020] A satellite selection module is configured to select a target orbit satellite from the multiple orbit satellites according to the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, and to connect the user equipment to the target orbit satellite;

[0021] A policy generation module is configured to obtain a Qos policy based on the access request of the user equipment and the current network state of each orbit satellite, and to configure a network slice;

[0022] A session management module is configured to construct a data transmission session based on the Qos policy and the network slice, so that the user equipment transmits data with a user plane function module through the target orbit satellite.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the network optimization device based on multiple orbit satellite access further comprises a monitoring module configured to monitor the data transmission session to obtain network traffic and criticality indicators in the data transmission process; the criticality indicators include delay and packet loss rate; and the data transmission session is optimized and adjusted according to the monitoring result.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring module is further configured to: if an abnormal report is generated for the data transmission session, select a new orbiting satellite for the user equipment to connect to and build a new data transmission session; and the abnormal report includes an increase in delay or a high packet loss rate.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the satellite selection module is specifically configured to: select, from the plurality of orbiting satellites, candidate orbiting satellites capable of covering a location of the current user equipment according to location information in the access request of the current user equipment; and select, from the candidate orbiting satellites, a target orbiting satellite according to service requirements in the access request of the current user equipment and in combination with orbit information of the satellites.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the satellite selection module is further configured to: if the number of the target orbiting satellites is greater than 1, set a delay weight according to a delay sensitivity degree in the access request of the user equipment, and set a load weight and a signal strength weight according to load information and signal quality information of the satellites, respectively; and perform weighted scoring on the delay weight, the load weight and the signal strength weight, and obtain an optimal target orbiting satellite according to a scoring result.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected with each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access of the first aspect or any of the corresponding embodiments thereof.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to make a computer execute the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access of the first aspect or any of the corresponding embodiments thereof.

[0029] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to make a computer execute the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access of the first aspect or any of the corresponding embodiments thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a method flowchart of a network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a system architecture diagram of the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a logic interaction block diagram of the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a network optimization apparatus based on multi-orbit satellite access according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a computer device according to an optional embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0037] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be direct indication, indirect indication, or can be an indication of an associated relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that B can be obtained by A; or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained by C; or A and B have an associated relationship.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can mean a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between the two, or can mean an associated relationship between the two, or can mean an indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, "predefined" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables or other means for indicating related information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices), and the present application does not limit the specific implementation manner thereof.

[0040] First, the terms involved in the present application are introduced.

[0041] GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit): GEO satellites are located about 35,786 kilometers above the Earth's equator and are stationary relative to the ground, making them suitable for wide coverage but with higher latency.

[0042] MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): MEO satellites operate at an altitude of 2,000 to 35,786 kilometers, with lower latency than GEO, making them suitable for applications that require high bandwidth but do not require low latency.

[0043] LEO (Low Earth Orbit): LEO satellites operate in low orbits of 500 to 2,000 kilometers from the Earth, with low latency (tens of milliseconds), making them suitable for applications that require low latency.

[0044] AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function): AMF is a 5G core network function module responsible for managing user device access requests and mobility, ensuring stable connection of devices to the network.

[0045] NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function): NWDAF is a 5G core network analysis module that provides real-time network performance data, satellite load, and signal quality information to support intelligent decision-making.

[0046] QoS (Quality of Service): QoS is a set of mechanisms that ensure network transmission meets specific performance indicators such as latency, bandwidth, and priority, ensuring user experience.

[0047] SMF (Session Management Function): SMF is a 5G core network function module responsible for managing user session establishment, maintenance, and release, ensuring that QoS requirements for sessions are met.

[0048] UPF (User Plane Function): UPF is responsible for processing user data packet forwarding and performing traffic routing according to QoS policies.

[0049] PCF (Policy Control Function): PCF is a 5G core network policy module responsible for managing and applying QoS policies such as bandwidth, priority configuration, ensuring that user service requirements are met.

[0050] As a next-generation mobile communication standard, 5G technology is gradually becoming a crucial foundation for driving innovation and transformation across various industries. 5G not only offers higher transmission speeds and lower latency but also supports massive device connectivity, enabling emerging applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, and autonomous driving. However, due to complex terrain and diverse user needs, a single terrestrial base station cannot meet global connectivity demands, especially in remote areas or at sea. To address this challenge, multi-orbit satellite access technology has emerged. This technology utilizes a combination of geostationary orbit (GEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to provide broad coverage and flexible connectivity. GEO satellites offer wide-area service but have relatively high latency; LEO satellites offer low latency, making them suitable for latency-sensitive applications; and MEO satellites strike a balance between latency and coverage. This multi-orbit collaborative approach effectively enhances network flexibility and reliability. Against this backdrop, intelligent traffic optimization and dynamic QoS assurance methods have been proposed, aiming to intelligently select the optimal satellite orbits and network slices by monitoring user needs and network status in real time, ensuring users receive the required quality of service in different scenarios. This technology not only improves the efficiency of network resource utilization but also enhances the user experience, providing strong support for the application of 5G systems in complex environments.

[0051] However, existing 5G network architectures primarily rely on terrestrial base stations for user access, making it difficult to effectively cover remote areas or complex terrains. Furthermore, traditional network slicing and QoS management methods are typically statically configured, unable to dynamically adjust based on real-time network conditions and user needs. This results in service quality being difficult to guarantee when user demands change or network load fluctuates, impacting user experience. In addition, the single satellite access mode lacks flexibility, failing to fully utilize the advantages of satellites in different orbits, leading to resource waste and low connection efficiency.

[0052] Therefore, this application provides a network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access. In the complex environment of multi-orbit satellite access, it achieves dynamic selection of orbital satellite access based on real-time orbital satellite network conditions and user service needs. It also adjusts resource allocation in real time according to user service requirements and network load to ensure service quality. By monitoring the data transmission traffic and network status of user equipment in real time, it dynamically adjusts traffic routing to ensure efficient data transmission, significantly improving network flexibility, service quality, and resource utilization efficiency. Referring to Figure 1, this network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access includes the following steps.

[0053] S101. In response to the access request from the user equipment, obtain satellite orbit information from the network data analysis function module; the satellite orbit information is used to characterize the types and parameters of multiple satellites.

[0054] Specifically, in step S101, the user equipment's access request includes the user equipment's service requirements and location information. The service requirements include the user equipment's latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, and coverage requirements. The network data analysis module stores information on all orbiting satellites. After receiving the user equipment's access request, it collects the user equipment's service requirements and location information, and obtains satellite orbit information from the network data analysis module. This satellite orbit information includes orbital information and parameter information for multiple satellites, including satellite payload information, signal quality information, and latency information. Collecting the user equipment's location information, service requirements, and satellite orbit information is used to select the optimal orbital satellites and network resources.

[0055] Optionally, in step S101, the access request of the user equipment includes an identification code. After receiving the access request of the user equipment, the identification code is matched with the pre-stored identification code. Only if the match is successful will the access request of the user equipment be processed to ensure legitimate access.

[0056] S102. Based on the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, select the target orbit satellite from the multi-orbit satellites and connect the user equipment to the target orbit satellite.

[0057] Specifically, in step S102, based on the satellite orbit information and the location information in the access request, satellites capable of covering the current user's geographical location are selected from multiple orbit satellites. Then, based on service requirements, the satellite that best meets the user's needs is further selected as the optimal orbit satellite. After determining the optimal orbit satellite, the user equipment is connected to it. Specifically, based on the location information in the current user equipment's access request, candidate orbit satellites capable of covering the current user equipment's location are selected from multiple orbit satellites; based on the service requirements in the current user equipment's access request and in conjunction with the satellite orbit information, the target orbit satellite is selected from the candidate orbit satellites.

[0058] Optionally, in step S102, if there are multiple satellites that meet the user's requirements, the satellites are weighted and scored based on the user's requirements and satellite orbit information, and the satellite with the highest score is selected as the optimal target orbit satellite. Specifically, if the number of target orbit satellites is greater than one, a delay weight is set according to the delay sensitivity in the user equipment's access request, and a load weight and signal strength weight are set according to the satellite's load information and signal quality information, respectively; the delay weight, load weight, and signal strength weight are weighted and scored, and the optimal target orbit satellite is obtained based on the scoring result.

[0059] S103, obtaining a Qos policy based on the access request of the user equipment and the current network state of each orbiting satellite, and configuring a network slice.

[0060] Specifically, in step S103, a corresponding Qos policy is formulated according to the service requirement of the user equipment and the current network state, to ensure that the user's requirement is met. According to the generated Qos policy and the service requirement of the user equipment, a corresponding network slice is configured, that is, appropriate network slice resources are allocated to the user equipment, and on this basis, a data transmission path is established.

[0061] S104, constructing a data transmission session based on the Qos policy and the network slice to enable the user equipment to perform data transmission with a user plane function module through the target orbiting satellite.

[0062] Specifically, in step S104, a data transmission session is created according to the configured Qos policy and network slice, so that the user equipment performs data transmission through the optimal orbiting satellite connected thereto, and the data transmission session is monitored to obtain network traffic and key indicators such as delay or packet loss rate in the data transmission process, and the data transmission session is optimized and adjusted according to the monitoring result. If an abnormal report is generated in the process of data transmission, a new orbiting satellite is selected for connection for the user equipment, and a new Qos policy and network slice are generated to generate a new data transmission session for data transmission.

[0063] In summary, the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access in this application collects the user's service requirements and location information based on the user equipment's access request. This location information is obtained through GPS positioning or base station positioning. The service requirements refer to the user equipment's latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, and coverage requirements. When selecting an orbital satellite for access, the user's service requirements must be fully considered. Furthermore, the user equipment's identification code is collected to verify its identity and ensure legitimate access. When selecting the optimal orbital satellite, the current satellite orbit information is first obtained. This information includes the orbit information, load information, signal quality information, and latency information of all currently available satellites. Based on the user's service requirements and location information, and combined with this satellite orbit information, the optimal orbital satellite is selected from multiple orbital satellites to access the user equipment. After connecting the user equipment to the target orbital satellite, a suitable QoS policy is generated based on the user equipment's access request and the current network status of each orbital satellite, and an appropriate network slice is configured based on this policy. According to the QoS policy and the configured network slice, a corresponding data transmission session is generated to ensure that the user equipment transmits data through the target orbital satellite according to the QoS policy. During data transmission, network traffic and key indicators, including latency and packet loss rate, are monitored in real time. Traffic and indicator analysis is performed to optimize and adjust data transmission sessions. If an anomaly report is received, such as increased latency or higher packet loss rate, a new satellite orbit is selected for the user equipment to connect to, and a new data transmission session is established for re-transmission. In complex environments with multi-orbit satellite access, dynamic satellite orbit access selection based on real-time satellite network conditions and user service requirements is implemented. Resource allocation is adjusted in real time according to user service needs and network load to ensure service quality. By dynamically adjusting traffic routing through real-time monitoring of user equipment data transmission traffic and network status, efficient data transmission is ensured, significantly improving network flexibility, service quality, and resource utilization efficiency.

[0064] Based on the above embodiments, and in conjunction with Figures 2 and 3, a specific example will be used to illustrate the overall process of the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access in the above embodiments. The system architecture of the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access is shown in Figure 2, including: a user access module, a satellite orbit selection module, a network slice selection module, a session management module, a traffic optimization module, and a monitoring and feedback module.

[0065] The user access module is responsible for handling user equipment access requests, collecting user equipment location information and service requirements, and includes three sub-modules: access request processing, user information collection, and user authentication. Specifically, after a user equipment sends an access request, the access request processing sub-module first processes the request. Then, the user information collection sub-module collects UE identifiers (unique identifiers), latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, and location information. Finally, the user authentication sub-module verifies the user's identity based on the collected UE identifier to ensure legitimate access.

[0066] The satellite orbit selection module is primarily responsible for selecting the optimal satellite orbit from GEO, MEO, and LEO orbits based on the user equipment's location information and service requirements. It comprises three sub-modules: orbit information request, coverage area assessment, and orbit selection decision. First, the orbit information request sub-module requests real-time satellite orbit information from the NWDAF. Then, the coverage area assessment sub-module determines the available satellite orbits based on the user equipment's location information. Finally, the orbit selection decision sub-module selects the optimal satellite orbit from multiple orbits based on the user's service requirements.

[0067] The network slice selection module is responsible for selecting suitable network slices to meet QoS requirements based on user service needs and the current network status of satellite orbits. It comprises three sub-modules: slice request sending, slice status assessment, and slice selection decision. First, the slice request sending sub-module sends the user's service requirements and satellite orbit information to the SMF. Next, the slice status assessment sub-module evaluates the current network load and slice availability. Finally, the slice selection sub-module selects a suitable network slice based on the assessment results.

[0068] The session management module is responsible for establishing, managing, and maintaining user data transmission sessions, and configuring relevant QoS parameters. It includes three sub-modules: session request processing, QoS parameter configuration, and session maintenance. First, the session request processing sub-module handles user data transmission session establishment requests. Then, the QoS parameter configuration sub-module configures the session's QoS parameters according to the user's service requirements. Finally, the session maintenance sub-module manages the session state to ensure continuous service quality.

[0069] The traffic optimization module is primarily responsible for dynamically adjusting traffic routes to ensure optimal data transmission paths and performance. It comprises three sub-modules: traffic monitoring, dynamic routing decision-making, and traffic redirection. First, the traffic monitoring sub-module monitors network traffic and user experience in real time. Then, the dynamic routing decision-making sub-module adjusts traffic routes based on network conditions to optimize data transmission paths. Finally, the traffic redirection sub-module dynamically redirects traffic to appropriate links when problems are detected.

[0070] The monitoring and feedback module monitors network status and user experience in real time, making adjustments and optimizations based on feedback. It mainly includes three sub-modules: performance monitoring, data analysis, and a feedback mechanism. First, it continuously monitors key performance indicators (KPIs), such as latency and packet loss rate. Then, it analyzes the collected data to identify patterns and optimization strategies. Finally, it adjusts system parameters and optimizes the system based on monitoring results and user feedback.

[0071] The process of the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access in this example is shown in Figure 3, and includes the following steps.

[0072] The UE sends an access request to the AMF, which includes the UE identifier, service requirements (including latency sensitivity and bandwidth requirements), and location information. The AMF receives the UE's access request, requests currently available satellite orbit information from the NWDAF, and receives real-time load, signal quality, and latency information for all satellites (including GEO, MEO, and LEO) returned by the NWDAF. The AMF uses the UE's location information, which can be obtained through GPS or base station positioning, to determine which satellites can cover the user's current geographical location. Based on the user's service requirements and the satellite orbit information provided by the NWDAF, the AMF selects the optimal satellite orbit that meets the user's service needs.

[0073] Specifically, the decision-making process for selecting the optimal satellite orbit to meet user service needs is as follows: The AMF combines satellite orbit information obtained from the NWDAF with the UE's service requirements to avoid selecting satellite orbits with excessive load, thus preventing a decline in user experience. If a satellite has excessive load, it should be avoided as much as possible. For example, if the user is sensitive to latency, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are preferred because they have lower latency (typically tens of milliseconds). If the user's needs prioritize stability and a larger coverage area, geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites may be selected, despite higher latency, because they offer greater coverage. If the user has high bandwidth requirements and low latency requirements, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites can be selected, providing moderate latency and high bandwidth.

[0074] If multiple satellites meet the user's needs through this decision-making process, the satellite orbit with lower load and stronger signal is prioritized. Using the dynamic weighting algorithm below, the AMF assigns a weighted score to each orbit based on real-time conditions (load, signal strength, delay) and selects the satellite orbit with the highest score. The specific steps of the dynamic weighting algorithm are as follows:

[0075] Set the latency weight (W_latency), which is set based on the user's sensitivity to latency, ranging from [0,1]. The more important the latency, the higher the weight. Set the load weight (W_load), where lower load is better, ranging from [0,1]. The more important the load, the higher the weight. Set the signal strength weight (W_signal_strength), where stronger signal is better, ranging from [0,1]. The more important the signal quality, the higher the weight.

[0076] Each weight parameter is normalized to the range [0,1]. The delay weight is normalized to N_latency, expressed as: N_latency = (max_latency - latency) / (max_latency - min_latency), where a value closer to 1 indicates a smaller delay. The load weight is normalized to N_load, expressed as: N_load = (max_load - load) / (max_load - min_load), where a value closer to 1 indicates a lower load. The signal strength weight is normalized to N_signal_strength, expressed as: N_signal_strength = (signal_strength - min_signal_strength) / (max_signal_strength - min_signal_strength), where a value closer to 1 indicates a stronger signal. A weighted score is then applied to each orbital satellite using the formula: score = W_latency * N_latency + W_load * N_load + W_signal_strength * N_signal_strength. The AMF selects the satellite with the highest rating as the optimal orbit for connection with the user equipment. After selecting the optimal orbit, the AMF sends an access request to the target orbit satellite gateway to establish a connection between the user and the target orbit satellite. Once the target orbit satellite gateway confirms the access, the AMF sends an acknowledgment message to the user equipment (UE) and maintains the connection.

[0077] After connecting the User Equipment (UE) to the satellite in the optimal orbit, the AMF requests a suitable QoS policy (such as bandwidth and priority) from the PCF based on the UE's service requirements and receives the QoS policy configuration returned by the PCF. Subsequently, the AMF sends the UE's access request (including service requirements, UE identifier, and location information) to the NSSF and receives network slice information (e.g., low-latency slice or high-bandwidth slice) returned by the NSSF based on the UE's service requirements. The AMF creates a data transmission session request (including QoS requirements and slice ID) based on the QoS policy and slice information, and sends the slice information and data transmission session request to the SMF to request the establishment of a data transmission session. The SMF receives the data transmission session request from the AMF, sets the session parameters according to the QoS requirements, sends a session establishment request to the UPF, and allocates a data path. The UPF confirms the establishment of the data transmission session, and data transmission with the UE occurs via the target orbit satellite, with the path information being fed back to the SMF.

[0078] Optionally, the AMF and UPF encrypt data transmission sessions using the IPsec encryption protocol to ensure data security. The PCF continuously monitors the security status of the encrypted link to ensure there is no unauthorized access or security vulnerabilities. If an abnormal encrypted link is detected, the PCF initiates a security protection mechanism and notifies relevant network elements to perform repairs.

[0079] Optionally, monitoring of data transmission sessions is also included. Specifically, during data transmission, the UPF receives traffic data from user data transmission, performs data forwarding, and monitors transmission status (such as latency and packet loss rate). If a problem is detected during data transmission (such as increased latency), the UPF sends a data anomaly report to the SMF. Upon receiving the anomaly report, the SMF dynamically adjusts traffic routing, reallocates orbital satellite resources, or switches paths. The UPF also sends traffic statistics (including traffic, latency, packet loss, etc.) to the NWDAF for subsequent data analysis. Based on the analysis results, QoS policies are dynamically adjusted and traffic optimization is performed. Specifically, the SMF sends user data transmission session and traffic information (including traffic status, QoS implementation status, etc.) to the PCF. The PCF evaluates the effectiveness of the current policy based on the received data and determines whether policy optimization is needed. If unsatisfactory policy implementation is detected, the PCF sends policy adjustment suggestions to the SMF and UPF to optimize the QoS policy (such as adjusting bandwidth and priority). The SMF receives the policy adjustments and performs traffic reallocation and session adjustments. The UPF sends traffic statistics and the SMF sends session data to the NWDAF. NWDAF collects and analyzes network performance data, including traffic load, latency, and satellite signal quality. NWDAF generates analysis reports that predict future load changes and satellite resource usage. NWDAF sends optimization recommendations to the PCF and SMF, providing data support for QoS policy adjustments and traffic optimization.

[0080] Optionally, fault handling for data transmission sessions is also included. Specifically, the entire system status is monitored through real-time data collected by the AMF, SMF, and UPF, including satellite connectivity, traffic status, and QoS execution. If a satellite connection to a certain orbit is interrupted or signal quality degrades, the AMF automatically triggers a redundancy mechanism to switch the connection to another satellite orbit. If QoS requirements are not met, the PCF automatically triggers policy adjustments and notifies the SMF to reconfigure the traffic path. If data traffic transmission is unsuccessful, the UPF switches the data transmission path and generates a fault report. If a satellite signal is lost in a certain orbit, the UPF automatically triggers redundancy switching and uses a backup satellite orbit to transmit data. The SMF dynamically adjusts session routing, redirecting sessions and traffic to other satellite resources to ensure service continuity. The AMF automatically establishes new connections when the mobile base station switches to a satellite, ensuring uninterrupted user access.

[0081] Optional features include subscription management and consistency checks. Specifically, the SMF sends subscription and QoS information to the UDM, which checks the consistency between the subscription information and the QoS policy. If an inconsistency is found, the UDM sends a notification to the PCF, requesting policy correction or subscription information updates. Upon receiving the notification, the PCF adjusts its policy and feeds the results back to the SMF and UDM, automatically generating network operation logs and fault reports.

[0082] In summary, the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access described in this example can achieve dynamic selection of orbital satellite access based on real-time orbital satellite network conditions and user service needs in complex environments with multi-orbit satellite access. It can also adjust resource allocation in real time according to user service needs and network load to ensure service quality. By monitoring the data transmission traffic and network status of user equipment in real time, it can dynamically adjust traffic routing to ensure efficient data transmission, thereby significantly improving network flexibility, service quality, and resource utilization efficiency.

[0083] This application also provides a network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0084] This application provides a network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access provided in this application. The device includes:

[0085] The acquisition module 401 is used to acquire satellite orbit information from the network data analysis function module in response to the access request of the user equipment; the satellite orbit information is used to characterize the type and parameters of multiple orbital satellites;

[0086] The satellite selection module 402 is used to select a target orbit satellite from multiple orbit satellites according to the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, and to connect the user equipment to the target orbit satellite.

[0087] The policy generation module 403 is used to obtain the QoS policy based on the access request of the user equipment and the current network status of each orbital satellite, and configure network slicing.

[0088] The session management module 404 is used to construct a data transmission session based on the QoS policy and the network slice so that the user equipment can transmit data with the user plane function module through the target orbit satellite.

[0089] In an optional embodiment, the network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access further includes: a monitoring module 405, used to monitor the data transmission session, obtain network traffic and key indicators during the data transmission process; the key indicators include latency and packet loss rate; and optimize and adjust the data transmission session based on the monitoring results.

[0090] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring module 405 is further configured to: if the data transmission session generates an anomaly report, select a new orbital satellite for the user equipment to connect to and establish a new data transmission session; the anomaly report includes increased latency or higher packet loss rate.

[0091] In an optional embodiment, the satellite selection module 402 is specifically configured to: select candidate orbital satellites that can cover the current user equipment location from multiple orbital satellites based on the location information in the current user equipment's access request; and select a target orbital satellite from the candidate orbital satellites based on the service requirements in the current user equipment's access request and in conjunction with the satellite orbital information.

[0092] In an optional embodiment, the satellite selection module 402 is further configured to: if the number of target orbit satellites is greater than 1, set a delay weight according to the delay sensitivity in the access request of the user equipment, and set a load weight and a signal strength weight according to the load information and signal quality information of the satellites respectively; weight the delay weight, load weight and signal strength weight, and obtain the optimal target orbit satellite according to the scoring result.

[0093] Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] In this embodiment, the network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access is presented in the form of functional units. Here, a unit refers to an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) circuit, a processor and memory that execute one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0095] This application also provides a computer device having the network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access shown in FIG4 above.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an optional embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the computer device includes: one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting the various components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The various components communicate with each other using different buses and can be installed on a common motherboard or otherwise as needed. The processor can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information in a graphical user interface on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories and multiple memory modules, if desired. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, each providing some of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system). Figure 5 uses one processor 10 as an example.

[0097] Processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device (CAMP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (GDA), or any combination thereof.

[0098] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10 to cause the at least one processor 10 to perform the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0099] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the computer device. Furthermore, the memory 20 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0100] The memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0101] The computer device also includes a communication interface 30 for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

[0102] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as recordable on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded over a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and subsequently stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the methods shown in the above embodiments are implemented.

[0103] A portion of this application can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to this application through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0104] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access, characterized in that, include: In response to access requests from user equipment, satellite orbit information is obtained from the network data analysis function module; The satellite orbit information is used to characterize the types and parameters of multiple satellites; Based on the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, a target orbit satellite is selected from multiple orbit satellites, and the user equipment is connected to the target orbit satellite. Based on the access requests of the user equipment and the current network status of each orbiting satellite, a QoS policy is obtained and network slicing is configured. Based on the QoS policy and the network slice, a data transmission session is constructed to enable the user equipment to transmit data with the user plane function module through the target orbit satellite.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of the multiple satellites include satellite orbit information; the parameters of the multiple satellites include satellite payload information, signal quality information, and delay information.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters required in the access request include service requirements and location information; the service requirements include latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, and coverage requirements.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The step of selecting a target orbit satellite from multiple orbit satellites based on the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information includes: Based on the location information in the current user equipment's access request, select candidate orbital satellites from the multi-orbit satellites that can cover the current user equipment's location; Based on the service requirements in the current user equipment's access request and in conjunction with the satellite orbit information, a target orbit satellite is selected from the candidate orbit satellites.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of selecting a target orbit satellite from the candidate orbit satellites based on the service requirements in the current user equipment's access request and in conjunction with satellite orbit information further includes: If the number of target orbit satellites is greater than 1, then a delay weight is set according to the delay sensitivity in the user equipment's access request, and a load weight and a signal strength weight are set according to the satellite's load information and signal quality information, respectively. The delay weight, load weight, and signal strength weight are weighted and scored, and the optimal target orbit satellite is obtained based on the scoring results.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The data transmission session is monitored to obtain network traffic and key indicators during the data transmission process; the key indicators include latency and packet loss rate. Based on the monitoring results, the data transmission session was optimized and adjusted.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the data transmission session generates an anomaly report, a new orbital satellite is selected for the user equipment to connect to, and a new data transmission session is established; the anomaly report includes increased latency or a higher packet loss rate.

8. A network optimization device based on multi-orbit satellite access, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to obtain satellite orbit information from the network data analysis function module in response to the access request from the user equipment; The satellite orbit information is used to characterize the type and parameters of multiple orbital satellites; The satellite selection module is used to select a target orbit satellite from multiple orbit satellites according to the parameter requirements in the access request and the satellite orbit information, and to connect the user equipment to the target orbit satellite. The policy generation module is used to obtain QoS policies and configure network slices based on the access requests of the user equipment and the current network status of each orbital satellite. The session management module is used to construct a data transmission session based on the QoS policy and the network slice, so that the user equipment can transmit data with the user plane function module through the target orbit satellite.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor are communicatively connected, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the network optimization method based on multi-orbit satellite access as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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