The invention relates to a production and transportation cooperative scheduling method and a production and transportation cooperative scheduling system based on improved harmony search. The production and transportation cooperative dispatching method comprises the steps of: 1, performing group batching on work pieces; 2, setting algorithm parameters; 3, generating an initial harmony library; 4, calculating an adaption degree value; 5, acquiring a negative ideal solution of the harmony library; 6, generating a new harmony; 7, performing harmony library searching operation on the new harmony, and updating the new harmony; 8, comparing the new harmony with the negative ideal solution, if the new harmony is superior to the negative ideal solution, substituting the negative ideal solution and updating the harmony library; 9, updating a global optimal solution; 10, and judging whether a termination condition is satisfied, if so, outputting the global optimal solution, otherwise, returning to the step 4. The production and transportation cooperative scheduling method and the production and transportation cooperative scheduling system can realize the optimization of overall efficiency of the supply chain, thereby reducing cost of the supply chain, and enhancing customer satisfaction level.