Thyroid hormone receptor beta modulator alone or in combination with a modulator of GLP-1r, GIPR or GCGR, for use in the treatment of obesity or overweight or for treating alopecia areata
A combination therapy with a THR-β modulator, potentially with GLP-1R or GCGR, addresses the inadequacies of existing treatments for obesity and alopecia areata by effectively managing weight and promoting hair growth through targeted metabolic and hair follicle modulation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ASCLETIS PHARMA (CHINA) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for obesity and alopecia areata are inadequate in efficacy and safety, and there is a need for novel therapies that can effectively manage weight and promote hair growth.
A combination therapy involving a thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) modulator, optionally combined with a GLP-1R, GIPR, or GCGR modulator, is administered to subjects to treat obesity and alopecia areata, utilizing specific chemical structures and formulations to target metabolic and hair follicle functions.
The therapy effectively manages weight and promotes hair growth by modulating thyroid hormone receptors and glucose regulation, providing robust efficacy and long-term safety.
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Figure PCTCN2025131235-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025131235-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025131235-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR BETA MODULATOR ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH A MODULATOR OF GLP-1R, GIPR OR GCGR, FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR OVERWEIGHT OR FOR TREATING ALOPECIA AREATA
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present disclosure claims the benefits of the PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 128511 entitled “A compound or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases and alopecia areata diseases” filed October 30, 2024, and the PCT application No. PCT / CN2024 / 130171 entitled “A compound or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases and alopecia areata diseases” filed November 6, 2024, which are incorporated herein by their entireties.Field
[0003] The present invention is related to a combination therapy or a method for the treatment of metabolic diseases or alopecia areata diseases (AGA) . And the metabolic diseases is including obesity, chronic weight management, weight management and overweight.Background
[0004] Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development and for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (Paul M. Yen Physiological Review, Vol. 81 (3) : pp. 1097-1126 (2001) ) . Circulating levels of thyroid hormones are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus / pituitary / thyroid (HPT) axis. Thyroid dysfunction leading to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism clearly demonstrates that thyroid hormones exert profound effects on cardiac function, body weight, metabolism, metabolic rate, body temperature, cholesterol, bone, muscle and behavior. The thyroid hormone receptors are derived from two separate genes, αandβ. These distinct gene products produce multiple forms of their respective receptors through differential RNA processing. The major thyroid receptor isoforms areαl, α2, βl and β2. Thyroid hormone receptorsαl, βl andβ2 bind thyroid hormone. It has been shown that the thyroid hormone receptor subtypes can differ in their contribution to particular biological responses. Recent studies suggest that TRβl plays an important role in regulating TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) and on regulating thyroid hormone actions in the liver. TRβ2 plays an important role in the regulation of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) . TRβl plays an important role in regulating heart rate.
[0005] GIP (Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) , GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) , and GCGR (Glucagon Receptor) are hormones and receptors closely related to the regulation of blood glucose levels. These three hormones and receptors in the body is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis and regulating energy balance. GIP and GLP-1 are typically secreted in increased amounts after meals, working synergistically on pancreaticβ-cells to promote insulin secretion, while GCGR promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis through the action of glucagon when blood glucose levels are low, to maintain blood glucose levels. Research on these receptors and hormones provides important targets and strategies for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
[0006] Obesity, chronic weight management, weight management or over weight is a common metabolic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat to the extent that it becomes detrimental to health. Obesity is typically associated with a variety of health issues, including but not limited to: cardiovascular diseases: such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, etc. Metabolic syndrome: acluster of symptoms that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol levels, and abdominal obesity. Type 2 diabetes: obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Respiratory problems: such as sleep apnea. Certain cancers: including breast, colon, and endometrial cancers. Musculoskeletal and joint problems: such as osteoarthritis. Psychological impacts: such as depression and anxiety.
[0007] Given the significant health risks associated with obesity, patients with weight imbalance require chronic weight management strategies. Although various methods for weight management exist, they often fail to fully meet clinical needs. This shortfall highlights the necessity for new and effective therapies that can prevent, treat, or ameliorate obesity, chronic weight management, weight management and overweight.
[0008] Androgenetic alopecia, also known male pattern baldness, occurs not only in men but also in women. Current treatments such as minoxidil and finasteride are only efficacious in a small percentage of subjects. Novel mechanisms with robust efficacy and long-term safety are still needed for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Thyroid hormone receptor agonists (thyromimetics) are closely associated with hair growth. Topical triiodo-thyronine (T3) stimulates epidermal proliferation, dermal thickening, and hair growth in both mice and rats. Some human subjects given with thyroxine (T4) to treat thyroid hormone deficiency reported hair growth as a side effect. Thyroid hormones are also found to directly alter human hair follicle functions including anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation.Summary
[0009] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity, overweight or alopecia areata disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having formula I,
[0010] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0011] wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4are independently selected from the group consisting of C or N;
[0012] G is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (O)2-, -Se-, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CHF-, -C (O) -, -CH (OH) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkyl) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkoxy) -, -C (=CH2) -, -NH-, and -N (C1-C4 alkyl) -;
[0013] G and R1 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form C3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0014] T is selected from the group consisting of - (CRa2)k-, -CRb=CRb- (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)n-CRb=CRb-, - (CRa2) -CRb=CRb- (CRa2) -, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -S (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rc) (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rb) C (O) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2)mC (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) -, and -C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;
[0015] k is an integer from 1-4;
[0016] m is an integer from 0-3;
[0017] n is an integer from 0-2;
[0018] p is an integer from 0-1;
[0019] each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, halogen, -OH, optionally substituted -O-C1-C4 alkyl, -OCF3, optionally substituted -S-C1-C4 alkyl, -NRbRc, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, and optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl; with the proviso that when one Ra is attached to C through an O, S, or N atom, then the other Ra attached to the same C is a hydrogen, or attached via a carbon atom;
[0020] each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl;
[0021] each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -C (O) -C1-C4 alkyl, and -C (O) H;
[0022] R1, and R2 are each halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted-O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano; or
[0023] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted -C C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted-O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano;
[0024] or R6 and T are taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring of 5 to 6 atoms including 0 to 2 heteroatoms independently selected from -NRi-, -O-, and -S-, with the proviso that when there are 2 heteroatoms in the ring and both heteroatoms are different than nitrogen then both heteroatoms have to be separated by at least one carbon atom; and X is attached to this ring by a direct bond to a ring carbon, or by - (CRa2) - or -C (O) -bonded to a ring carbon or a ring nitrogen;
[0025] Ri is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -C (O) C1-C4 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -C1-C4- aryl;
[0026] R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, -SRd, -S (═O) Re, -S (═O)2Re, -S (═O)2NRfRg, -C (O) ORh, -C (O) Re, -N (Rb) C (O) NRfRg, -N (Rb) S (═O)2Re, -N (Rb) S (═O)2NRfRg, and -NRfRg;
[0027] each Rd is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, and -C (O) NRfRg;
[0028] each Re is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C22 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C22 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C22 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRa2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRa2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRa2)n heterocycloalkyl;
[0029] Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, or Rf and Rg may together form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, which may contain a second heterogroup selected from the group consisting of O, NRC, and S, wherein said optionally substituted heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-4 substituents selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, -ORb, oxo, cyano, -CF3, optionally substituted phenyl, and -C (O) ORh;
[0030] each Rh is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl;
[0031] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, optionally substituted -OC1-C6 alkyl, OC (O) Re, -OC (O) ORh, -F, -NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O) Re, -NHS (═O)2Re, -NHC (═S) NH (Rh) , and -NHC (O) NH (Rh) ;
[0032] X is P (O) YR11Y′R11;
[0033] Y and Y′are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′are -O-, R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted -alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy;
[0034] when Y and Y′are -NRv-, then R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORY, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0035] when Y is -O- and Y′is NRv, then R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted -alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy; and R11attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORy, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0036] or when Y and Y′are independently selected from -O- and NRv, then together R11 and R11 are -alkyl-S-S-alkyl- to form a cyclic group, or together R11 and R11 are the group:
[0037] wherein:
[0038] V, W, and W′are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted 1-alkenyl, and optionally substituted 1-alkynyl;
[0039] or together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group containing 5-7 atoms, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, substituted with hydroxy, acyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, or aryloxycarbonyloxy attached to a carbonate atom that is three atoms from both Y groups attached to the phosphorus; or
[0040] or together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, that is fused to an aryl group at the beta and gamma position to the Y attached to the phosphorus;
[0041] or together V and W are connected via an additional 3 carbon atoms to form an optionally substituted cyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms and substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy, attached to one of said carbon atoms that is three atoms from a Y attached to the phosphorus;
[0042] or together Z and W are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
[0043] or together W and W′are connected via an additional 2-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-2 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
[0044] Z is selected from the group consisting of -CHRzOH, -CHRzOC (O) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) ORy, -CHRzOC (O) SRy, -CHRzOCO2Ry, -ORz, -SRz, -CHRzN3, -CH2aryl, -CH (aryl) OH, -CH (CH═CRz2) OH, -CH (C≡CRz) OH, -Rz, -NRz2, -OCORy, -OCO2Ry, -SCORy, -SCO2Ry, -NHCORz, -NHCO2Ry, -CH2NHaryl, - (CH2)q-ORz, and - (CH2)q-SRz;
[0045] q is an integer 2 or 3;
[0046] each Rz is selected from the group consisting of Ry and -H;
[0047] each Ry is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, and aralkyl;
[0048] each Rx is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, and alkyl, or together Rx and Rx form a cyclic alkyl group;
[0049] each Rv is selected from the group consisting of -H, lower alkyl, acyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, and lower acyl;
[0050] with the provisos that:
[0051] a) when G is -O-, T is -CH2-, R1 and R2 are each bromo, R3is iso-propyl, R4 is hydrogen, and R5 is -OH, then X is not P (O) (OH)2 or P (O) (OCH2CH3)2;
[0052] b) V, Z, W, W′are not all-H; and
[0053] c) when Z is -Rz, then at least one of V, W, and W′is not -H, alkyl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;
[0054] d) when G is -O-, T is - (CH2)1-4-, R1 and R2 are independently halogen, alkyl, and cycloalkyl, R3 is alkyl, R4is hydrogen, and R5 is -OH, then X is not -P (O) (OH)2 or -P (O) (O lower alkyl)2; and
[0055] e) when G is -O-, R5 is -NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O)1-2Re, -NHC (S) NH (Rb) , or -NHC (O) NH (Rh) , T is - (CH2)m-, -CH═CH-, -O (CH2)1-2-, or -NH (CH2)1-2-, then X is not -P (O) (OH)2 or -P (O) (OH) NH2.
[0056] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0057] Still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity, alopecia areata disease, or overweight.
[0058] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in the preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.
[0059] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0060] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0061] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity or overweight.
[0062] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.
[0063] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, a THR-βmodulator, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.Brief Description of Drawings
[0064] Fig. 1 shows in vivo body weight reduction of compound A.Detailed Description
[0065] Definition
[0066] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0067] As used herein, the following terms are defined with the following meanings, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
[0068] T groups that have more than one atom are read from left to right wherein the left atom of the T group is connected to the phenyl group bearing the R1 and R2 groups, and the right atom of the T group is linked to the carbon, phosphorus, or other atom in X or E. For example, when T is -O-CH2- or -N (H) C (O) - it means -phenyl-O-CH2-X and -phenyl-N (H) C (O) -X.
[0069] The term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched or cyclic chain hydrocarbon radical with only single carbon-carbon bonds. Representative examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-bntyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, and cyclohexyl, all of which maybe optionally substituted. Alkyl groups are C1-C20.
[0070] The term "aryl" refers to aromatic groups which have 5-14 ring atoms and at least one ring having a conjugated pi electron system and includes carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted.
[0071] Carbocyclic aryl groups are groups which have 6-14 ring atoms wherein the ring atoms on the aromatic ring are carbon atoms. Carbocyclic aryl groups include monocyclic carbocyclic aryl groups and polycyclic or fused compounds such as optionally substituted naphthyl groups.
[0072] Heterocyclic aryl or heteroaryl groups are groups which have 5-14 ring atoms wherein 1 to 4 heteroatoms are ring atoms in the aromatic ring and the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon atoms. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and selenium. Suitable heteroaryl groups include furanyl, thienyl. pyridyl, pyrrolyl, N-lower alkyl pyrrolyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, and the like, all optionally substituted.
[0073] The term "biaryl" represents aryl groups which have 5-14 atoms containing more than one aromatic ring including both fused ring systems and aryl groups substituted with other aryl groups. Such groups may be optionally substituted. Suitable biaryl groups include naphthyl and biphenyl.
[0074] The term "optionally substituted" or "substituted" includes groups substituted by one, two, three, four, five, or six substituents, independently selected from lower alkyl, lower aryl, lower aralkyl, lower cyclic alkyl, lower heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower aryloxy, perhaloalkoxy, aralkoxy, lower heteroaryl, lower heteroaryloxy, lower heteroarylalkyl, lower heteroaralkoxy, azido, amino, halo, lower alkylthio, oxo, lower acylalkyl, lower carboxy esters, carboxyl, -carboxamido, nitro, lower acyloxy, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylaminoaryl, lower alkylaryl, lower alkylaminoalkyl, lower alkoxyaryl, lower arylamino, lower aralkylamino, sulfonyl, lower -carboxamidoalkylaryl, lower -carboxamidoaryl, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower alkylaminoalkylcarboxy-, lower aminocarboxamidoalkyl-, cyano, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower perhaloalkyl, and lower arylalkyloxyalkyl.
[0075] "Substituted aryl" and "substituted heteroaryl" refers to aryl and heteroaryl groups substituted with 1-3 substituents. These substituents are selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower perhaloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, and amino.
[0076] The term "-aralkyl" refers to an alkylene group substituted with an aryl group. Suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl, picolyl, and the like, and may be optionally substituted. "Heteroarylalkyl" refers to an alkylene group substituted with a heteroaryl group.
[0077] The term "alkylaryl-" refers to an aryl group substituted with an alkyl group. "Lower alkylaryl-" refers to such groups where alkyl is lower alkyl.
[0078] The term "lower" referred to herein in connection with organic radicals or compounds respectively refers to 6 carbon atoms or less. Such groups may be straight chain, branched, or cyclic.
[0079] The term "higher" referred to herein in connection with organic radicals or compounds respectively refers to 7 or more carbon atoms. Such groups maybe straight chain, branched, or cyclic.
[0080] The term "cyclic alkyl" or "cycloalkyl" refers to alkyl groups that are cyclic of3 to 10 carbon atoms, and in one aspect are 3 to 6 carbon atoms Suitable cyclic groups include norbornyl and cyclopropyl. Such groups may be substituted.
[0081] The term "heterocyclic, " "heterocyclic alkyl" or "heterocycloalkyl" refer to cyclic groups of 3 to 10 atoms, and in one aspect are 3 to 6 atoms, containing at least one heteroatom, in a further aspect are 1 to 3 heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Heterocyclic groups may be attached through a nitrogen or through a carbon atom in the ring. The heterocyclic alkyl groups include unsaturated cyclic, fused cyclic and spirocycHc groups. Suitable heterocyclic groups include pyrrolidinyl, morpholino, morpholinoethyl, and pyridyl.
[0082] The terms "arylamino" (a) , and "aralkylamino" (b) , respectively, refer to the group-NRR'wherein respectively, (a) R is aryl and R'is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or aryl, and (b) R is aralkyl and R'is hydrogen, aralkyl, aryl, alkyl or heterocycloalkyl.
[0083] The term "acyl" refers to -C (O) R where R is alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or aryl.
[0084] The term "carboxy esters" refers to -C (O) OR where R is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyclic alkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, all optionally substituted.
[0085] The term "carboxyl" refers to -C (O) OH.
[0086] The term "oxo" refers to=0 in an alkyl or heterocycloalkyl group.
[0087] The term "amino" refers to -NRR'where R and R'a re independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and heterocycloalkyl, all except H are optionally substituted; and R and R'can form a cyclic ring system.
[0088] The term "-carboxylamido" refers to -CONR2 where each R is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
[0089] The term "-sulphonylatnido" or "-sulfonylamido" refers to
[0090] -S (=O)2NR2 where each R is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
[0091] The term "halogen" or "halo" refers to -F, -Cl, -Br and -I.
[0092] The term "alkylaminoalkylcarboxy" refers to the group alkyl-NR-alk-C (O) -O-where "alk" is an alkylene group, and R is a H or lower alkyl.
[0093] The term "sulphonyl" or "sulfonyl" refers to -SO2R, where R is H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl.
[0094] The term "sulphonate" or "sulfonate" refers to -SO2OR, where R is -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl.
[0095] The term "alkenyl" refers to unsaturated groups which have 2 to 12 atoms and contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond and includes straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic groups. Alkenyl groups may be optionally substituted. Suitable alkenyl groups include allyi. "1-Alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups where the double bond is between the first and second carbon atom. If the 1-alkenyl group is attached to another group, e.g., it is a W substituent attached to the cyclic phosphonate, it is attached at the first carbon.
[0096] The term "alkynyl" refers to unsaturated groups which have 2 to 12 atoms and contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and includes straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic groups. Alkynyl groups may be optionally substituted. Suitable alkynyl groups include ethynyl. "1-Alkynyl" refers to alkynyl groups where the triple bond is between the first and second carbon atom. If the 1-alkynyl group is attached to another group, e.g., it is a W substituent attached to the cyclic phosphonate, it is attached at the first carbon.
[0097] The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent straight chain, branched chain or cyclic saturated aliphatic group. In one aspect the alkylene group contains up to and including 10 atoms. In another aspect the alkylene group contains up to and including 6 atoms. In a further aspect the alkylene group contains up to and including 4 atoms. The alkylene group can be either straight, branched or cyclic.
[0098] The term "acyloxy" refers to the ester group-0-C (O) R, where R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl.
[0099] The term "aminoalkyl-" refers to the group NR2-alk-wherein "alk" is an alkylene group and R is selected from -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl.
[0100] The term "alkylaminoalkyl-" refers to the group alkyl-NR-alk-wherein each "alk" is an independently selected alkylene, and R is H or lower alkyl. "Lower alkylaminoalkyl-" refers to groups where the alkyl and the alkylene group is lower alkyl and alkylene, respectively.
[0101] The term "arylaminoalkyl-" refers to the group aryl-NR-alk-wherein
[0102] "alk" is an alkylene group and R is -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl. In "lower arylaminoalkyl-, " the alkylene group is lower alkylene.
[0103] The term "alkylaminoaryl-" refers to the group alkyl-NR-aryl-wherein
[0104] "aryl" is a divalent group and R is -H, alkyl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl. In "lower alkylaminoaryl-, " the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
[0105] The term "alkoxyaryl-" refers to an aryl group substituted with an alkyloxy group. In "lower alkyloxyaryl-, " the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
[0106] The term "aryloxyalkyl-" refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryloxy group.
[0107] The term "aralkyloxyalkyl-" refers to the group aryl-alk-O-alk-wherein "alk" is an alkylene group. "Lower aralkyloxyalkyl-" refers to such groups where the alkylene groups are lower alkylene.
[0108] The term "alkoxy-" or "alkyloxy-" refers to the group alkyl-O-.
[0109] The term "alkoxyalkyl-" or "alkyloxyalkyl-" refer to the group alkyl-O-alk-wherein "alk" is an alkylene group. In "lower alkoxyalkyl-, " each alkyl and alkylene is lower alkyl and alkylene, respectively.
[0110] The term "alkylthio-" refers to the group alkyl-S-.
[0111] The term "alkylthioalkyl-" refers to the group alkyl-S-alk-wherein
[0112] "alk" is an alkylene group. In "lower alkylthioalkyl-, " each alkyl and alkylene is lower alkyl and alkylene, respectively.
[0113] The term "alkoxycarbonyloxy-" refers to alkyl-O-C (O) -O-.
[0114] The term "aryloxycarbonyloxy-" refers to aryl-O-C (O) -O-.
[0115] The term "alkylthiocarbonyloxy-" refers to alkyl-S-C (O) -O-.
[0116] The term "amido" refers to the NR2 group next to an acyl or sulfonyl group as in NR2-C (O) -, RC (O) -NR1-, NR2-S (=O)2- and RS (=O)2-NR1-, where
[0117] R and R1 include -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl.
[0118] The term "carboxamido" refer to NR2-C (O) - and RC (O) -NR1-, where
[0119] R and R1 include -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl. The term does not include urea, -NR-C (O) -NR-.
[0120] The terms "sulphonamido" or "sulfonamido" refer to NR2-S (=O)2- and
[0121] RS (=O)2-NR1-, where R and R1 include -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl. The term does not include sulfonylurea, -NR-S (=O)2-NR-.
[0122] The term "carboxamidoalkylaryl" and "carboxamidoaryl" refers to an aryl-alk-NR1- (C=O) , and ar-NR1- (C=O) -, respectively where "ar" is aryl,
[0123] "alk" is alkylene, R1 and R include H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl.
[0124] The term "sulfonamidoalkylaryl" and "sulfonamidoaryl" refers to an aryl-alk-NR1-S (=O)2-, and ar-NR1-S (=O)2-, respectively where "ar" is aryl,
[0125] "alk" is alkylene, R1 and R include -H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocycloalkyl.
[0126] The term "hydroxyalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with one -OH.
[0127] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted with halo.
[0128] The term "cyano" refers to -C≡N.
[0129] The term "nitro" refers to -NO2.
[0130] The term "acylalkyl" refers to an alkyl-C (O) -alk-, where "alk" is alkylene.
[0131] The term "aminocarboxamidoalkyl-" refers to the group
[0132] NR2-C (O) -N (R) -alk-wherein R is an alkyl group or H and "alk" is an alkylene group. "Lower aminocarboxamidoalkyl-" refers to such groups wherein "alk" is lower alkylene.
[0133] The term "heteroarylalkyl" refers to an alkylene group substituted with a heteroaryl group.
[0134] The term "perhalo" refers to groups wherein every C-H bond has been replaced with a C-halo bond on an aliphatic or aryl group. Suitable perhaloalkyl groups include -CF3 and -CFCI2.
[0135] The term "co-crystal" as used herein means a crystalline material comprised of two or more unique solids at room temperature, each containing distinctive physical characteristics, such as structure, melting point and heats of fusion. The co-crystals of the present invention comprise a co-crystal former H-bonded to a compound of the present invention. The co-crystal former may be H-bonded directly to the compound of the present invention or may be H-bonded to an additional molecule which is bound to the compound of the present invention. The additional molecule may be H-bonded to the compound of the present invention or bound ionically to the compound of the present invention. The additional molecule could also be a second API. Solvates of compounds of the present invention that do not further comprise a co-crystal former are not "co-crystals" according to the present invention. The co-crystals may however, include one or more solvate molecules in the crystalline lattice. That is, solvates of co-crystals, or a co-crystal further comprising a solvent or compound that is a liquid at room temperature, is included in the present invention as a co-crystal.
[0136] The co-crystals may also be a co-crystal between a co-crystal former and a salt of a compound of the present invention, but the compound of the present invention and the co-crystal former are constructed or bonded together through hydrogen bonds. Other modes of molecular recognition may also be present including, pi-stacking, guest-host complexation and van der Waals interactions. Of the interactions listed above, hydrogen-bonding is the dominant interaction in the formation of the co-crystal, (and a required interaction according to the present invention) whereby a non-covalent bond is formed between a hydrogen bond donor of one of the moieties and a hydrogen bond acceptor of the other.
[0137] Crystalline material comprised of solid compound of the present invention and one or more liquid solvents (at room temperature) are included in the present invention as "solvates. " A "hydrate" is where the solvent is water. Other forms of the present invention include, but are not limited to, anhydrous forms and de-solvated solvates.
[0138] The ratio of the compound of the present invention to co-crystal former or solvent may be specified as stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric. 1: 1, 1.5: 1, 1: 1.5, 2: 1, 1: 2, and 1: 3 ratios ofAPLco-crystal former / solvent are examples of stoichiometric ratios.
[0139] The term "binding" means the specific association of the compound of interest to the thyroid hormone receptor. One method of measuring binding in this invention is the ability of the compound to inhibit the association of125I-T3 with a mixture of thyroid hormone receptors using nuclear extracts or purified or partially purified thyroid hormone receptor (for example, alpha or beta) in a heterologous assay.
[0140] The term "energy expenditure" means basal or resting metabolic rate as defined by Schoeller et al, JAppl Physiol. 53 (4) : 955-9 (1982) . Increases in the resting metabolic rate can also be measured using increases in O2 consumption and / or CO2 efflux and / or increases in organ or body temperature.
[0141] The phrase "effective amount" means an amount of a compound or a combination of compounds that ameliorates, attenuates or eliminates one or more of the symptoms of a particular disease or condition or prevents, modifies, or delays the onset of one or more of the symptoms of a particular disease or condition, or has the effect of weight management or chronic weight management.
[0142] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" includes salts of compounds of Formula I and its prodrugs derived from the combination of a compound of this invention and an organic or inorganic acid or base. Suitable acids include acetic acid, adipic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, (+) -7, 7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-l-methanesulfonic acid, citric acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, dodecyl sulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, hippuric acid, hydrochloride hemiethanolic acid, HBr, HCl, HI, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, methylbromide acid, methyl sulfuric acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, oleic acid, 4, 4'-methylenebis [3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid] , phosphoric acid, polygalacturonic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfosalicylic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, terphthalic acid, andj9-toluenesulfonic acid.
[0143] The term "subject" means an animal.
[0144] The term "animal" includes birds and mammals. In one embodiment a mammal includes a dog, cat, cow, horse, goat, sheep, pig or human. In one embodiment the animal is a human. In another embodiment the animal is a male. In another embodiment the animal is a female.
[0145] The term "prodrug" as used herein refers to any compound that when administered to a biological system generates a biologically active compound as a result of spontaneous chemical reaction (s) , enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction (s) , and / or metabolic chemical reaction (s) , or a combination of each. Standard prodrugs are formed using groups attached to functionality, e.g., HO-, HS-, HOOC-, R2N-, associated with the drug, that cleave in vivo. Standard prodrugs include but are not limited to carboxylate esters where the group is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl as well as esters of hydroxyl, thiol and amines where the group attached is an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, phosphate or sulfate. The groups illustrated are exemplary, not exhaustive, and one skilled in the art could prepare other known varieties of prodrugs. Such prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention fall within this scope. Prodrugs must undergo some form of a chemical transformation to produce the compound that is biologically active or is a precursor of the biologically active compound. In some cases, the prodrug is biologically active, usually less than the drug itself, and serves to improve drug efficacy or safety through improved oral bioavailability, and / or pharmacodynamic half-life, etc. Prodrug forms of compounds may be utilized, for example, to improve bioavailability, improve subject acceptability such as by masking or reducing unpleasant characteristics such as bitter taste or gastrointestinal irritability, alter solubility such as for intravenous use, provide for prolonged or sustained release or delivery, improve ease of formulation, or provide site-specific delivery of the compound. Prodrugs are described in The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, by Richard B. Silverman, Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. Chapter 8: "Prodrugs and Drug delivery Systems" pp. 352-401; Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1985; Design of Biopharmaceutical Properties through Prodrugs and Analogs, Ed. by E.B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1977; and Drug Delivery Systems, ed. by R.L. Juliano, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1980.
[0146] Prodrugs of carboxylic acid-containing thyromimetics are convertible by solvolysis or under physiological conditions to the free carboxylic acids. Examples of prodrugs include carboxylic acid esters, and are preferably lower alkyl esters, cycloalkyl esters, lower alkenyl esters, benzyl esters, aryl esters, mono- or di-substituted lower alkyl esters, e.g., theω- (amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl) -lower alkyl esters, and theα- (lower alkanoyloxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl or di-lower alkylaminocarbonyl) -lower alkyl esters, such as the pivaloyloxy-methyl ester.
[0147] Prodrugs of phosphorus-containing thyromimetics breakdown chemically or enzymatically to a phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid group or a monoester thereof in vivo. As employed herein the term includes, but is not limited to, the following groups and combinations of these groups:
[0148] Acyloxyalkyl esters which are well described in the literature
[0149] (Farquhar et al., J. Pharm. ScL 72: 324-325 (1983)) .
[0150] Other acyloxyalkyl esters are possible in which a cyclic alkyl ring is formed. These esters have been shown to generate phosphorus-containing nucleotides inside cells through a postulated sequence of reactions beginning with deesterification and followed by a series of elimination reactions (e.g., Freed et al, Biochem. Pharm, 35:3193-3198 (1989)) .
[0151] Another class of these double esters known as alkyloxycarbonyloxymethyl esters, as shown in formula A, where R is alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylamino, and arylamino; R', and R"are independently -H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and heterocycloalkyl have been studied in the area ofβ-lactam antibiotics (Nishimura et al., J. Antibiotics 40 (l) : 8l-90 (1987) ; for a review see Ferres, H., Drugs of Today, 19: 499 (1983) ) . More recently Cathy, M. S. et al. (Abstract from AAPS Western Regional Meeting, April, 1997) showed that these alkyloxycarbonyloxymethyl ester prodrugs on (9- [ (R) -2-phosphonomethoxy) propyl] adenine (PMPA) are bioavailable up to 30%in dogs.
[0152] The term "phosphorus-containing compounds" refers to compounds that contain PO3H2, PO32", PO2HR, PO2R", and monoesters and phosphamic acid derivatives thereof.
[0153] The term "surrogates of carboxylic acid" refers to groups that possess near equal molecular shapes and volumes as carboxylic acid and which exhibit similar physical and biological properties. Examples of surrogates of carboxylic acid include, but are not limited to, tetrazole, 6-azauracil, acylsulphonamides, sulfonic acids, thiazolidinedione, hydroxamic acid, oxamic acid, malonamic acid, and carboxylic acid amides. Because phosphorus-containing thyromimetics (e.g., phosphoric acid-, phosphonic acid monoester-, and phosphinic acid-containing compounds) have a markedly different biological activity as compared to carboxylic acid-containing thyromimetics, phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid monoester, and phosphinic acid are not considered to be surrogates of carboxylic acid in these compounds.
[0154] The term "enhanced oral bioavailability" refers to an increase of at least 50%of the absorption of the dose of the parent drug, unless otherwise specified. In an additional aspect the increase in oral bioavailability of the prodrug (compared to the parent drug) is at least 100%, that is a doubling of the absorption. Measurement of oral bioavailability usually refers to measurements of the prodrug, drug, or drug metabolite in blood, plasma, tissues, or urine following oral administration compared to measurements following systemic administration of the compound administered orally.
[0155] The terms "treating" or "treatment" of a disease includes a slowing of the progress or development of a disease after onset or actually reversing some or all of the disease effects. Treatment also includes palliative treatment.
[0156] The term "preventing" includes a slowing of the progress or development of a disease before onset or precluding onset of a disease.
[0157] The term “thyroid hormone receptors” (TR or THR) refers to intracellular proteins located in cell nuclei that, following the binding of thyroid hormone, stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to DNA sequences called thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) . In this manner TR regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in metabolic processes (e.g., cholesterol homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation) and growth and development in many tissues, including liver, muscle and heart. There are at least two forms of TR; TR alpha (on chromosome 17) and TR beta (on chromosome 3) . Each of these isoforms also has two main isoforms: TR alpha-1 and TR alpha-2; and TR beta-1 and TR beta-2, respectively. TRs are high affinity receptors for thyroid hormones, especially triiodothyronine.
[0158] Provided are pharmaceutical compositions a compound useful in the present invention. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention having an oral bioavailability of least 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%or at least 80%.
[0159] “GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GIPR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0160] “GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0161] “GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GIPR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0162] “GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0163] “GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of agonism of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0164] “GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist” refers to a compound with activity at each of the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR, especially a compound having a balanced and sufficient activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of antagonist of that receptor while avoiding unwanted side effects associated with too much activity of that receptor.
[0165] “GLP-1R agonist / GIPR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism and GIPR antagonism.
[0166] “GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0167] “GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GCGR agonism.
[0168] “GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GIPR agonism.
[0169] “GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GIPR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GIPR antagonism.
[0170] “GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R antagonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0171] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR antagonism and GCGR agonism.
[0172] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR antagonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0173] “GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist” refers to a compound that has activity at the GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR receptors, particularly a compound that possesses a balanced and adequate level of activity at each receptor to provide the benefits of GLP-1R agonism, GIPR agonism and GCGR antagonism.
[0174] “obesity” means, with regard to an individual, one having a BMI≥30 kg / m2.
[0175] “Overweight” refers to a person's weight exceeding the healthy weight range, and having a 27 kg / m2≤BMI<30 kg / m2.
[0176] “Chronic weight management” refers to the long-term and continuous control and management of weight for subject who are overweight or obese, in order to reduce health risks associated with obesity and to improve the quality of life. And when the subject is mice, the “long-term” refers to a period of six weeks; when the subject is human, the “long-term” refers to a period ranging from 52 weeks to 104 weeks.
[0177] “Weight management” refers to the intentional regulation and control of a subject weight to maintain a healthy weight range. It allows subject to keep their weight within the optional range for their health, reduce the risk of diseases, and improve overall quality of life, when the subject is human, the duration for weight management ranging from 26 weeks to 51 weeks.
[0178] “Alopecia areata diseases (AGA) ” is a hereditary hair loss condition associated with changes in androgen levels. It is a progressive type of hair loss that typically begins in adolescence or just after puberty. AGA is known as male pattern baldness in men and female pattern hair loss in women. This type of hair loss is characterized by a gradual miniaturization of the hair follicles, leading to finer hairs and eventual shedding.
[0179] “synergistic effect” refers to the situation where the combined use of two or more agents results in an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects when used alone.
[0180] Methods of treatment
[0181] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity, overweight or alopecia areata disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having formula I,
[0182] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0183] wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4are independently selected from the group consisting of C or N;
[0184] G is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (O)2-, -Se-, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CHF-, -C (O) -, -CH (OH) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkyl) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkoxy) -, -C (=CH2) -, -NH-, and -N (C1-C4 alkyl) -;
[0185] G and R1 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form C3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0186] T is selected from the group consisting of - (CRa2)k-, -CRb=CRb- (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)n-CRb=CRb-, - (CRa2) -CRb=CRb- (CRa2) -, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -S (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rc) (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rb) C (O) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2)mC (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) -, and -C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;
[0187] k is an integer from 1-4;
[0188] m is an integer from 0-3;
[0189] n is an integer from 0-2;
[0190] p is an integer from 0-1;
[0191] each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, halogen, -OH, optionally substituted -O-C1-C4 alkyl, -OCF3, optionally substituted -S-C1-C4 alkyl, -NRbRc, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, and optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl; with the proviso that when one Ra is attached to C through an O, S, or N atom, then the other Ra attached to the same C is a hydrogen, or attached via a carbon atom;
[0192] each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl;
[0193] each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -C (O) -C1-C4 alkyl, and -C (O) H;
[0194] R1, and R2 are each halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted -O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano; or
[0195] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted -C C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted-O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano;
[0196] or R6 and T are taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring of 5 to 6 atoms including 0 to 2 heteroatoms independently selected from -NRi-, -O-, and -S-, with the proviso that when there are 2 heteroatoms in the ring and both heteroatoms are different than nitrogen then both heteroatoms have to be separated by at least one carbon atom; and X is attached to this ring by a direct bond to a ring carbon, or by - (CRa2) - or -C (O) - bonded to a ring carbon or a ring nitrogen;
[0197] Ri is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -C (O) C1-C4 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -C1-C4- aryl;
[0198] R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, -SRd, -S (═O) Re, -S (═O)2Re, -S (═O)2NRfRg, -C (O) ORh, -C (O) Re, -N (Rb) C (O) NRfRg, -N (Rb) S (═O)2Re, -N (Rb) S (═O)2NRfRg, and -NRfRg;
[0199] each Rd is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, and -C (O) NRfRg;
[0200] each Re is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C22 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C22 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C22 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRa2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRa2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRa2)n heterocycloalkyl;
[0201] Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, or Rf and Rg may together form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, which may contain a second heterogroup selected from the group consisting of O, NRC, and S, wherein said optionally substituted heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-4 substituents selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, -ORb, oxo, cyano, -CF3, optionally substituted phenyl, and -C (O) ORh;
[0202] each Rh is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted - (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl;
[0203] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, optionally substituted -OC1-C6 alkyl, OC (O) Re, -OC (O) ORh, -F, -NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O) Re, -NHS (═O)2Re, -NHC (═S) NH (Rh) , and -NHC (O) NH (Rh) ;
[0204] X is P (O) YR11Y′R11;
[0205] Y and Y′are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′are -O-, R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted -alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy;
[0206] when Y and Y′are -NRv-, then R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORY, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0207] when Y is -O- and Y′is NRv, then R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted -alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy; and R11attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORy, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0208] or when Y and Y′are independently selected from -O- and NRv, then together R11 and R11 are -alkyl-S-S-alkyl- to form a cyclic group, or together R11 and R11 are the group:
[0209] wherein:
[0210] V, W, and W′are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted 1-alkenyl, and optionally substituted 1-alkynyl;
[0211] or together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group containing 5-7 atoms, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, substituted with hydroxy, acyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, or aryloxycarbonyloxy attached to a carbonate atom that is three atoms from both Y groups attached to the phosphorus; or
[0212] or together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, that is fused to an aryl group at the beta and gamma position to the Y attached to the phosphorus;
[0213] or together V and W are connected via an additional 3 carbon atoms to form an optionally substituted cyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms and substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy, attached to one of said carbon atoms that is three atoms from a Y attached to the phosphorus;
[0214] or together Z and W are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
[0215] or together W and W′are connected via an additional 2-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-2 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
[0216] Z is selected from the group consisting of -CHRzOH, -CHRzOC (O) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) ORy, -CHRzOC (O) SRy, -CHRzOCO2Ry, -ORz, -SRz, -CHRzN3, -CH2aryl, -CH (aryl) OH, -CH (CH═CRz2) OH, -CH (C≡CRz) OH, -Rz, -NRz2, -OCORy, -OCO2Ry, -SCORy, -SCO2Ry, -NHCORz, -NHCO2Ry, -CH2NHaryl, - (CH2)q-ORz, and - (CH2)q-SRz;
[0217] q is an integer 2 or 3;
[0218] each Rz is selected from the group consisting of Ry and -H;
[0219] each Ry is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, and aralkyl;
[0220] each Rx is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, and alkyl, or together Rx and Rx form a cyclic alkyl group;
[0221] each Rv is selected from the group consisting of -H, lower alkyl, acyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, and lower acyl;
[0222] with the provisos that:
[0223] a) when G is -O-, T is -CH2-, R1 and R2 are each bromo, R3is iso-propyl, R4 is hydrogen, and R5 is -OH, then X is not P (O) (OH)2 or P (O) (OCH2CH3)2;
[0224] b) V, Z, W, W′are not all-H; and
[0225] c) when Z is -Rz, then at least one of V, W, and W′is not -H, alkyl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;
[0226] d) when G is -O-, T is - (CH2)1-4-, R1 and R2 are independently halogen, alkyl, and cycloalkyl, R3 is alkyl, R4is hydrogen, and R5 is -OH, then X is not -P (O) (OH)2 or -P (O) (O lower alkyl)2; and
[0227] e) when G is -O-, R5 is -NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O)1-2Re, -NHC (S) NH (Rb) , or -NHC (O) NH (Rh) , T is - (CH2)m-, -CH═CH-, -O (CH2)1-2-, or -NH (CH2)1-2-, then X is not -P (O) (OH)2 or -P (O) (OH) NH2.
[0228] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0229] Still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity, alopecia areata disease, or overweight.
[0230] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in the preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.
[0231] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0232] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-βmodulator having Formula I.
[0233] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity or overweight.
[0234] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-βmodulator having Formula I in preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.
[0235] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CH2; R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and R6 and T may not be taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring.
[0236] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CH2-; R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano; R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.
[0237] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CH2-;
[0238] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;
[0239] R3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, and optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl,
[0240] R4 is hydrogen;
[0241] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and
[0242] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.
[0243] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CH2-;
[0244] T is selected from the group consisting of - (CRa2)k-, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2) C (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa)n, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) - and -C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;
[0245] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;
[0246] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;
[0247] R3 is an optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl;
[0248] R4 is hydrogen;
[0249] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F;
[0250] Y and Y′are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′are -O-, R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, and -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;
[0251] when Y and Y′are -NRv-, then R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0252] when Y is -O- and Y′is NRv, then R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0253] or when Y and Y′are independently selected from -O- and -NRv-, then together R11 and R11 are the group:
[0254] wherein:
[0255] V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and
[0256] W, W′and Z are H.
[0257] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is -CH2-;
[0258] T is selected from the group consisting of CH2, CH2CH2, OCH2, C (O) CH2, and CH2C (O) ;
[0259] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;
[0260] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;
[0261] R3 is an optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl;
[0262] R4 is hydrogen;
[0263] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F;
[0264] Y and Y′are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′are -O-, R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (R2)2-OC (O) Ry, and -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;
[0265] when Y and Y′are -NRv-, then R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0266] when Y is -O- and Y′is NRv, then R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORY, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0267] or when Y and Y′are independently selected from -O- and -NRv-, then together R11 and R11 are the group:
[0268] wherein:
[0269] V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and
[0270] W,W′and Z are H.
[0271] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is -CH2; R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and R6 and T may not be taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring.
[0272] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is -CH2-; R1 and R2are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4alkyl, and cyano; R5is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are hydrogen.
[0273] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is -CH2-;
[0274] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4alkyl, and cyano;
[0275] R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkenyl, and optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl;
[0276] R4 is hydrogen;
[0277] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F; and
[0278] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.
[0279] In some embodiments, in the formula I, G is -CH2-;
[0280] T is selected from the group consisting of - (CRa2)k-, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2)mC (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa2)n, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) - and -C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;
[0281] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;
[0282] R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;
[0283] R3 is an optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl;
[0284] R4 is hydrogen;
[0285] R5 is selected from the group consisting of -OH or -F;
[0286] Y and Y′are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′are -O-, R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, and -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;
[0287] when Y and Y′are -NRv-, then R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0288] when Y is -O- and Y′is NRv, then R11 attached to -O- is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11 attached to -NRv- is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;
[0289] or when Y and Y′are independently selected from -O- and -NRv-, then together R11and R11are the group:
[0290] wherein:
[0291] V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and
[0292] W, W′and Z are H.
[0293] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is a compound having formula VIII, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,
[0294] wherein:
[0295] G is -CH2-;
[0296] T is -OCH2-;
[0297] R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of -Cl, -Br, -I, -CH3, -CF3, and CN;
[0298] R4, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;
[0299] R6 is hydrogen or -CH3;
[0300] R3 is selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkyl, -C3-C6 cycloalkyl and -CH2-phenyl optionally substituted on phenyl by halogen;
[0301] R5 is -OH;
[0302] X is P (O) YR11Y′R11;
[0303] Y and Y′are -O-, and together R11 and R11 are the group:
[0304] wherein:
[0305] V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and
[0306] W, W′and Z are H;
[0307] or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said prodrugs.
[0308] In some embodiments, in the formula VIII, R1 and R2 are each-CH3.
[0309] In some embodiments, in the formula VIII, V is phenyl substituted by one or two groups selected from fluoro and chloro.
[0310] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consist of
[0311] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0312] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consist of
[0313] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0314] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and THR-βmodulator are co-formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, a THR-βmodulator, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0315] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, the THR-βmodulator is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a THR-βmodulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0316] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is one to three modulators selected from three groups consisting of
[0317] (1) a GLP-1R agonist,
[0318] (2) a GLP-1R antagonist,
[0319] (3) a GIPR agonist,
[0320] (4) a GIPR antagonist,
[0321] (5) a GCGR agonist,
[0322] (6) a GCGR antagonist,
[0323] (7) a GLP-1\GIPR dual agonist,
[0324] (8) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist
[0325] (9) a GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist,
[0326] (10) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist,
[0327] (11) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist,
[0328] (12) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist,
[0329] (13) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist,
[0330] (14) a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist,
[0331] (15) a GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist,
[0332] (16) a GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist,
[0333] (17) GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist,
[0334] (18) GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist,
[0335] (19) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist,
[0336] (20) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and
[0337] (21) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.
[0338] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of a GLP-1R agonist, a GIPR agonist, a GIPR antagonist, a GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist, a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist, a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.
[0339] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535, CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531, NA-931, RGT-075, NN-9541, GMA106, HDM1002, Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010, Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225, ZT002, SAL0112, CT-388, Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735, AMG133, CT-868, Aleniglipron, AZD-9550, AZD5004, PB-718, HM-15275, HDM-1005, NN-6177, LY3493269, RAY002, XW-014, XW-015, Utreglutide, PF-06954522, BI3006337, Bamadutide, DR10627, KN056, TERN-601, CT-996, GS-4571, ID110521156, LY3437943, LY-3537031, HS-10501 (From Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ) , and
[0340] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0341] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, VK2735, AMG133 and Retatrutide, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0342] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron and CT-996 or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the THR-βmodulator is selected from the group consist of
[0343] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0344] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is
[0345] orstereoisomersthereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron and CT-996, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0346] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is orstereoisomersthereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0347] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0348] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is
[0349] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of
[0350] or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.
[0351] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-βmodulator are administered together, simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.
[0352] In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from obesity.
[0353] In some embodiments, the subject need chronic weight management.
[0354] In some embodiments, the subject need weight management.
[0355] In some embodiments, combination therapy, the method, or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject is overweight.
[0356] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once monthly, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.
[0357] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once monthly, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.
[0358] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily or once weekly, and the THR-βmodulator is administered once weekly.
[0359] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.
[0360] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.
[0361] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is administered subcutaneously, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously.
[0362] In some embodiments, the subject is human.
[0363] In some embodiments, the subject has one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition (such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes or high cholesterol) , unhealthy behaviors, stress, medications, genes, and people’s environment.
[0364] In some embodiments, the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031 (From the company: Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd) , Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535 (From the company: Shandong Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd, CN114805336A) , CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531 (From the company: Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd) , NA-931 (From the company: Biomed Industries, Inc. ) , RGT-075 (From the patent: WO2022031994 A1) , NN-9541 (From the company: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. ) , GMA106 (From the patent: US11780916B2) , HDM1002 (From the company: Hangzhou Zhongmeihuadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) , Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010 (From the company: Rose Pharma) , Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225 (From the company: Guangdong Zhongsheng Ruichuang Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ) , ZT002 (From the patent: US20240181016A1) , SAL0112 (From the patent: WO2022068772A1) , CT-388 (From the patent: US20230151074A1) , Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735 (From the patent: WO2023141044A1) , AMG133 (From the reference: Nat Metab. 2024 Feb; 6 (2) : 290-303) , CT-868 (From the patent: US20230151074A1) , Aleniglipron, AZD-9550 (From the company: AstraZeneca) , AZD5004 (From the patent: US11584751B1) , PB-718 (From the company: PegBio Co., Ltd. ) , HM-15275 (From the company: Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) , HDM-1005 (From the company: Hangzhou Zhongmeihuadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) , NN-6177 (From the patent: WO2022018185A1) , LY3493269 (From the company: Eli Lilly&Co. ) , RAY002 (From the company: Guangdong Zhongsheng Ruichuang Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ) , XW-014 (From the patent: WO2021244645A1) , XW-015 and XW-015 (From the company: Hangzhou Sciwind Biosciences Co., Ltd. ) Utreglutide, PF-06954522 (From the company: Pfizer Inc. ) , BI3006337 (From the company: Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH) , Bamadutide, DR10627 (From the company: Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd. ) , KN056 (From the patent: WO2022143515A1) , TERN-601 (From the patent: WO2022040600A1) , CT-996 (From the patent: WO2024026338A1) , GS-4571 (From the patent: WO2021081207A1 and WO2022109182A1) , ID110521156 (From the company: Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) , and LY-3537031 (From the company: Eli Lilly&Co. ) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0365] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is a compound derived from disclosed patents and literature.
[0366] In some embodiments, the THR-βmodulator is selected from the disclosed patents including but not limit to, WO2005051298A2, WO2006128056A3, WO2011038207A1, WO2017184811A1, CN112300211A, WO2021032218A1, WO2021129827A1, WO2024141076A1, WO2024167961A2, CN114763363A, CN114907401A, CN116199717A, CN115974925A, CN118290483A,
[0367] In some embodiments, the effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered at a dose of about 0.1 mg to about 3 g, or about 1 mg to about 50 mg, or about 50 to about 250 mg, or about 150 to about 500 mg, or about 150 to about 250 mg, or about 250 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 300 mg, about 5 mg to about 25 mg, about 20 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 500 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 100 mg to about 200 mg, about 100 mg to about 500 mg, or about 5 mg to about 50 mg;
[0368] In some embodiments, the effective amount of a THR-βmodulator is administered at a dose of about 0.1 mg to about 3 g, or about 1 mg to about 50 mg, or about 50 to about 250 mg, or about 150 to about 500 mg, or about 150 to about 250 mg, or about 250 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 2 g, or about 500 mg to about 1 g, or about 100 mg to about 300 mg, about 5 mg to about 25 mg, about 20 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 500 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 100 mg to about 200 mg, about 100 mg to about 500 mg, or about 5 mg to about 50 mg.
[0369] Pharmaceutical composition
[0370] Yet still another aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, the THR-βmodulator of the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0371] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, the stereoisomer, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the deuterated compound thereof of the present disclosure may be prepared with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, the excipients may be selected in accordance with conventional practice. Tablets may contain excipients, including flow aids, fillers, binders, and the like. Aqueous compositions may be prepared in a sterile form and may generally be isotonic when intended to be delivered by means other than oral administration.
[0372] In some embodiments, the compositions may comprise excipients, such as those set forth in Rowe et al, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th edition, American Pharmacists Association, 2009. Excipients may include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants, chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, carbohydrates such as dextrin, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid, and the like. In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in solid dosage forms, including solid oral dosage forms.
[0373] The pharmaceutical composition may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy, including oral administration. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient (e.g., a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical salt thereof) with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by unifor mly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid excipients or finely divided solid excipients or both, and then, if desired, shaping the product. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 2006.
[0374] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are presented in unit dosage form, including but not limited to capsules, sachets, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet.
[0375] The pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein comprises one or more of the compound, the stereoisomer, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the deuterated compound thereof of the present disclosure, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and, optionally, other therapeutic agents. The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may be in any form suitable for the intended method of administration. When intended for oral use, for example, tablets, lozenges, ingots, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups, or elixirs may be prepared. Compositions for oral use may be prepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may contain one or more excipients, including sweeteners, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preservatives, to provide palatable formulations. Tablets containing the active ingredient with a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient are acceptable and said excipient is suitable for the production of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.
[0376] The amount of active ingredients that may be combined with the inactive ingredients to produce a dosage form may vary depending upon the intended treatment subject and the mode of administration. For example, in some embodiments, a dosage form for oral administration to humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material formulated with an appropriate and convenient amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient varies from about 5%to about 95%of the total compositions (weight: weight) .
[0377] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure does not contain an agent that affects the rate at which the active ingredient is metabolized. Thus, it is understood that pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present disclosure in one aspect do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g., slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of the present disclosure or any other active ingredient administered separately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of the present disclosure. It is also understood that any of the methods, kits, articles of manufacture, and the like detailed herein in one aspect do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g., slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of the present disclosure or any other active ingredient administered separately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of the present disclosure.
[0378] In some embodiments, the above-described pharmaceutical compositions are for use in humans or animals.
[0379] The present disclosure also includes compounds of the present disclosure which are administered as a single active ingredient of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition that may be prepared by conventional methods known in the art, for example, by combining the active ingredient to a pharmaceutically acceptable, therapeutically inert organic and / or inorganic carrier or excipient, or by mixing therewith.
[0380] The present disclosure provided herein are uses of the compounds of the present disclosure as a second or other active ingredient, said second or other active ingredient being synergistic with other active ingredients in known drugs, or the compounds of the present disclosure being administered with such drugs.
[0381] The compounds of the present disclosure may also be used in the form of a prodrug or other suitably modified form that releases the active ingredient in vivo.
[0382] Compounds
[0383] The synthesis of some compounds of THR-β modulator refers to the patents: WO2005051298A2, WO2006128056A3, WO2011038207A1, WO2017184811A1, CN112300211A, WO2021032218A1, WO2021129827A1, WO2024141076A1, WO2024167961A2, CN114763363A, CN114907401A, CN116199717A, CN115974925A and CN118290483A,
[0384] The GLP-1R\GIP\GCGR modulators can be purchased commercially or synthesized refers to the patents: WO2022017338, US11492365B2, WO2018056453A1, WO2022040600, WO2021242817, WO2022031994, WO2021018023, WO2021154796, WO2021081207, WO2021197464, WO2021254470, WO2022007979, WO2023141044A1 and WO2022199458.
[0385] Biological Examples
[0386] Example 1. In vivo body weight reduction of a THR-βmodulator in mice NASH model
[0387] Compound A:
[0388] Mice and modeling:
[0389] Male C57BL / 6 mice (6- to 7-week age, N=50) were used in this study. Mice were supplied by Shanghai Jihui Laboratory Animal Co. Ltd. Animals were bred in SPF barrier system of KCI Biotech (Suzhou) Inc, under international standards for temperature, humidity and light control system. The animal experimental scheme has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of KCI (Suzhou) Biotech Inc. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines. Modeling groups were fed with special pure diet (HFD-CHOL diet) composed of 60KCal%Fat+1.25%Cholestrol+0.5%cholate for 8 weeks to build NASH model. 50 male mice were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight and blood glucose. 10 non HDF feeding animals selected as normal control animals (N=10) and started feeding with normal diet at beginning of experiment.
[0390] Study design
[0391] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided into 5 groups including normal control animals (N=10) , model group (N=10) , 1 mg / kg Compound A (N=10) , 3 mg / kg Compound A (N=10) , and 10 mg / kg Compound A (N=10) . Oral gavage administration of Compound A was started 8 weeks after HFD-CHOL feeding, once per day. Animal body weight was continually recorded twice per week after HFD feeding to the endpoint. The baseline of body weight measurement was established on the first day of compound administration.
[0392] Results
[0393] The body weight of mice in the model group increased gradually. Compared to the model group, similar body weight changes were observed in the low-dose Compound A treatment (1 mg / kg) . In contrast, there was a reduction in body weight at the study endpoint for the medium-dose (3 mg / kg Compound A) and high-dose groups (10 mg / kg Compound A) , with decreases of -4.5%and -3.6%respectively, from baseline (Fig 1) .
[0394] Example 2. In vivo tissue distribution and efficacy of the compounds of the present disclosure in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model
[0395] Compound A:
[0396] Mice and modeling: Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) [Gem Pharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (20-24℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 15-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 45.0-53.2 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0397] Study design
[0398] Base on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (N=10 in each group) , Vehicle; the compounds of the present disclosure (15 mg / kg, QW, s.c) ; and the compounds of the present disclosure (45 mg / kg, QW, s.c) . The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0399] Note: s.c.: subcutaneous; QW: once weekly; ROA: Route of administration
[0400] The concentrations of the compound A e was analyzed in white adipose tissues and blood plasma.
[0401] Results of tissue distribution and efficacy
[0402] After subcutaneous injections into diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, the results indicated that the compounds A in white adipose tissues were significantly higher than in the blood plasma.
[0403] After subcutaneous injections into diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, the results indicated that the compound A had a prolonged half-life.
[0404] After subcutaneous injections into diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, the results indicated that the compound A reduced total fat mass.
[0405] After subcutaneous injections into diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, the results indicated that the compound A reduced total body weight.
[0406] Example 3. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists in group A monotherapy and combined with Compound A in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model
[0407] THR-βmodulator: Compound A:
[0408] GLP-1R agonists in group A:
[0409] Mice and modeling:
[0410] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0411] Study design
[0412] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0413] Note:
[0414] 1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;
[0415] 2. ROA: Route of administration;
[0416] 3. SC: subcutaneously; PO: orally;
[0417] 4. QD: Every day;
[0418] Body weight and food intake detection
[0419] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0420] Results:
[0421] The results indicated that Compound A when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compound A alone.
[0422] Example 4. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists in group A monotherapy and combined with Compound A in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model
[0423] THR-βmodulator: Compound A
[0424] GLP-1R agonists in group A:
[0425] Mice and modeling:
[0426] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0427] Study design
[0428] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0429] Note:
[0430] 1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;
[0431] 2. ROA: Route of administration;
[0432] 3. SC: subcutaneously;
[0433] Body weight and food intake detection
[0434] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0435] Results:
[0436] The results indicated that Compound A when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group A, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group A or Compound A alone.
[0437] Example 5. In vivo body weight reduction of GLP-1R agonists monotherapy and combined with Compound A in humanized GLP-1R DIO (Diet-induced-obesity) mice model
[0438] THR-βmodulator: Compound A;
[0439] GLP-1R agonists in group B:
[0440] Mice and modeling:
[0441] Five-week-old male humanized GLP-1R mice [GemPharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%–70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 14-16 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity. Mice were grouped according to body weight and body composition before the DIO studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0442] Study design
[0443] Base on body weight, animals were randomly divided (N=7 in each group) including lean hGLP-1R mice group, hGLP-1R DIO model group and hGLP-1R DIO mice with different treatments. The details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0444] Note:
[0445] 1. DIO: Diet induced obesity;
[0446] 2. ROA: Route of administration;
[0447] 3. SC: subcutaneously; PO: orally;
[0448] 4. QD: Every day;
[0449] Body weight and food intake detection
[0450] During the treatment period (14 days) in DIO studies, animals’ body weight and food intake were recorded daily in the morning.
[0451] Results:
[0452] The results indicated that Compound A when combined with GLP-1R agonists in group B, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of GLP-1R agonists in group B or Compound A alone.
[0453] Example 6: In vivo metabolic indicators of the THR-β modulator (9 mg / kg, Q2W*4W, s.c) in combination with semaglutide in mice DIO model
[0454] THR-βmodulator: Compound A;
[0455] Mice and model:
[0456] Five-week-old male mice (C57BL / 6J) [Gem Pharmatech] were fed a high-fat diet (D12492 [Research Diets, Inc. ] ) with ad libitum fresh water and housed three to four mice per cage in a controlled environment (21-25℃, 30%-70%relative humidity) with a 12-h dark / light cycle. After 16-17 weeks of feeding, the mice had obesity (mean starting weight about 49 g [range 44.6-53.1 g] ) . Mice were grouped according to body weight and body fat percentage before the DIO (diet-induced obesity) studies. All operations and managements were carried out in strict accordance with the SOP institutional guidelines.
[0457] Study design
[0458] Base on body weight and fat percentage, animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (N=5-10 in each group) , the details of dosing information were shown as below.
[0459] Note:
[0460] a. ROA: route of administration; s.c.: subcutaneous; Q2W: once every two weeks;
[0461] QD: once daily
[0462] Body weight measurement
[0463] During the treatment period in DIO studies, animals’ body weight were recorded daily in the morning before afternoon dosing.
[0464] Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol measurement
[0465] On Day 29, 4 weeks after administration, mice were fasted for 5~6h and sacrificed. heart blood were collected and plasma were isolated, Cholesterol (Chol) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) were detected by biochemical analyzer (Hitachi, 3500) .
[0466] Body fat weight and lean body weight measurement.
[0467] On Day29, Body fat weight and lean body weight were measured.
[0468] Results: The results indicated that Compound A when combined with semaglutide, could significantly reduce body weight, showing a better effect compared to the use of semaglutide or Compound A alone.
Claims
1.A method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity, overweight or alopecia areata disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-β modulator having formula I, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof,wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4are independently selected from the group consisting of C or N;G is selected from the group consisting of-O-, -S-, -S (=O) -, -S (O)2-, -Se-, -CH2-, -CF2-, -CHF-, -C (O) -, -CH (OH) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkyl) -, -CH (C1-C4 alkoxy) -, -C (=CH2) -, -NH-, and-N (C1-C4 alkyl) -;G and R1 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form C3-6 cycloalkyl;T is selected from the group consisting of- (CRa2)k-, -CRb=CRb- (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)n-CRb=CRb-, - (CRa2) -CRb=CRb- (CRa2) -, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -S (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rc) (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -N (Rb) C (O) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2)mC (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa2)n-, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) -, and-C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;k is an integer from 1-4;m is an integer from 0-3;n is an integer from 0-2;p is an integer from 0-1;each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, halogen, -OH, optionally substituted-O-C1-C4 alkyl, -OCF3, optionally substituted-S-C1-C4 alkyl, -NRbRc, optionally substituted -C2-C4 alkenyl, and optionally substituted-C2-C4 alkynyl; with the proviso that when one Ra is attached to C through an O, S, or N atom, then the other Ra attached to the same C is a hydrogen, or attached via a carbon atom;each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl;each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted-C (O) -C1-C4 alkyl, and -C (O) H;R1, and R2 are each halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted-S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted-O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano; orR6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted-C C1-C4 alkyl, optionally substituted -S-C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C4 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C4 alkynyl, -CF3, -OCF3, optionally substituted-O-C1-C3 alkyl, and cyano;or R6 and T are taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring of 5 to 6 atoms including 0 to 2 heteroatoms independently selected from-NRi-, -O-, and-S-, with the proviso that when there are 2 heteroatoms in the ring and both heteroatoms are different than nitrogen then both heteroatoms have to be separated by at least one carbon atom; and X is attached to this ring by a direct bond to a ring carbon, or by- (CRa2) -or-C (O) -bonded to a ring carbon or a ring nitrogen;Ri is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -C (O) C1-C4 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkyl, and-C1-C4-aryl;R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, cyano, optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, -SRd, -S (═O) Re, -S (═O)2Re, -S (═O)2NRfRg, -C (O) ORh, -C (O) Re, -N (Rb) C (O) NRfRg, -N (Rb) S (═O)2Re, -N (Rb) S (═O)2NRfRg, and-NRfRg;each Rd is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, and-C (O) NRfRg;each Re is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted-C1-C22 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C22 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C22 alkynyl, optionally substituted- (CRa2)n aryl, optionally substituted- (CRa2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted- (CRa2)n heterocycloalkyl;Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted - (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted- (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl, or Rf and Rg may together form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, which may contain a second heterogroup selected from the group consisting of O, NRC, and S, wherein said optionally substituted heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-4 substituents selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, -ORb, oxo, cyano, -CF3, optionally substituted phenyl, and-C (O) ORh;each Rh is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n aryl, optionally substituted- (CRb2)n cycloalkyl, and optionally substituted- (CRb2)n heterocycloalkyl;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH, optionally substituted-OC1-C6 alkyl, OC (O) Re, -OC (O) ORh, -F, -NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O) Re, -NHS (═O)2Re, -NHC (═S) NH (Rh) , and-NHC (O) NH (Rh) ;X is P (O) YR11Y′R11;Y and Y′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of-O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′ are-O-, R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted-alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy;when Y and Y′ are-NRv-, then R11 attached to-NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORY, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and-cycloalkylene-COORy;when Y is-O-and Y′ is NRv, then R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted CH2-heterocycloakyl wherein the cyclic moiety contains a carbonate or thiocarbonate, optionally substituted-alkylaryl, -C (Rz)2OC (O) NRz2, -NRz-C (O) -Ry, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, -C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy, -C (Rz)2OC (O) SRy, -alkyl-S-C (O) Ry, -alkyl-S-S-alkylhydroxy, and -alkyl-S-S-S-alkylhydroxy; and R11attached to-NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of H, - [C (Rz)2]q-COORy, -C (Rx)2COORy, - [C (Rz)2]q-C (O) SRy, and-cycloalkylene-COORy;or when Y and Y′ are independently selected from-O-and NRv, then together R11 and R11 are-alkyl-S-S-alkyl-to form a cyclic group, or together R11 and R11 are the group:wherein:V, W, and W′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted 1-alkenyl, and optionally substituted 1-alkynyl;or together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group containing 5-7 atoms, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, substituted with hydroxy, acyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, or aryloxycarbonyloxy attached to a carbonate atom that is three atoms from both Y groups attached to the phosphorus; oror together V and Z are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbonate, that is fused to an aryl group at the beta and gamma position to the Y attached to the phosphorus;or together V and W are connected via an additional 3 carbon atoms to form an optionally substituted cyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms and substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylthiocarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy, attached to one of said carbon atoms that is three atoms from a Y attached to the phosphorus;or together Z and W are connected via an additional 3-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-1 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;or together W and W′ are connected via an additional 2-5 atoms to form a cyclic group, wherein 0-2 atoms are heteroatoms and the remaining atoms are carbon, and V must be aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;Z is selected from the group consisting of-CHRzOH, -CHRzOC (O) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) Ry, -CHRzOC (S) ORy, -CHRzOC (O) SRy, -CHRzOCO2Ry, -ORz, -SRz, -CHRzN3, -CH2aryl, -CH (aryl) OH, -CH (CH═CRz2) OH, -CH (C≡CRz) OH, -Rz, -NRz2, -OCORy, -OCO2Ry, -SCORy, -SCO2Ry, -NHCORz, -NHCO2Ry, -CH2NHaryl, - (CH2)q-ORz, and- (CH2)q-SRz;q is an integer 2 or 3;each Rz is selected from the group consisting of Ry and-H;each Ry is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, and aralkyl;each Rx is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, and alkyl, or together Rx and Rx form a cyclic alkyl group;each Rv is selected from the group consisting of-H, lower alkyl, acyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, and lower acyl;with the provisos that:a) when G is-O-, T is-CH2-, R1 and R2 are each bromo, R3is iso-propyl, R4 is hydrogen, and R5 is-OH, then X is not P (O) (OH)2 or P (O) (OCH2CH3)2;b) V, Z, W, W′ are not all-H; andc) when Z is-Rz, then at least one of V, W, and W′ is not-H, alkyl, aralkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;d) when G is-O-, T is- (CH2)1-4-, R1 and R2 are independently halogen, alkyl, and cycloalkyl, R3 is alkyl, R4is hydrogen, and R5 is-OH, then X is not-P (O) (OH)2 or -P (O) (O lower alkyl)2; ande) when G is-O-, R5 is-NHC (O) Re, -NHS (═O)1-2Re, -NHC (S) NH (Rb) , or -NHC (O) NH (Rh) , T is- (CH2)m-, -CH═CH-, -O (CH2)1-2-, or-NH (CH2)1-2-, then X is not-P (O) (OH)2 or-P (O) (OH) NH2.2.A method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1.3.Use of a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1 in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity, alopecia areata disease, or overweight.4.Use of a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1 in the preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.5.A method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating obesity or overweight, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1.6.A method for weight management or chronic weight management, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with an effective amount of a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1.7.Use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1 in preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity or overweight.8.Use of a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, in combination with a THR-β modulator having Formula I of claim 1 in preparation of a medicament for weight management or chronic weight management.9.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein G is selected from the group consisting of-O-and-CH2; R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F; and R6 and T may not be taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring.10.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein G is selected from the group consisting of-O-and-CH2-; R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano; R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F; and R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.11.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein:G is selected from the group consisting of-O-and-CH2-;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;R3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, and optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkynyl,R4 is hydrogen;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F; andR6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.12.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, whereinG is selected from the group consisting of-O-and-CH2-;T is selected from the group consisting of- (CRa2)k-, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2) C (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa)n, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) -and-C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;R3 is an optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl;R4 is hydrogen;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F;Y and Y′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of-O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′ are-O-, R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, and-C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;when Y and Y′ are-NRv-, then R11 attached to-NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and-cycloalkylene-COORy;when Y is-O-and Y′ is NRv, then R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11attached to -NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;or when Y and Y′ are independently selected from-O-and-NRv-, then together R11 and R11 are the group:wherein:V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; andW, W′ and Z are H.13.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, whereinG is-CH2-;T is selected from the group consisting of CH2, CH2CH2, OCH2, C (O) CH2, and CH2C (O) ;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;R3 is an optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl;R4 is hydrogen;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F;Y and Y′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of-O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′ are-O-, R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (R2)2-OC (O) Ry, and-C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;when Y and Y′ are-NRv-, then R11 attached to-NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and-cycloalkylene-COORy;when Y is-O-and Y′ is NRv, then R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11 attached to -NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORY, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;or when Y and Y′ are independently selected from-O-and-NRv-, then together R11 and R11 are the group:wherein:V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; andW, W′ and Z are H.14.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein G is-CH2; R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F; and R6 and T may not be taken together along with the carbons they are attached to form a ring.15.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein G is-CH2-; R1 and R2are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4alkyl, and cyano; R5is selected from the group consisting of -OH or-F; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are hydrogen.16.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, whereinG is-CH2-;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4alkyl, and cyano;R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted -C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted-C2-C12 alkenyl, and optionally substituted -C2-C12 alkynyl;R4 is hydrogen;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F; andR6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen.17.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, whereinG is-CH2-;T is selected from the group consisting of- (CRa2)k-, -O (CRb2) (CRa2)n-, -C (O) (CRa2)m-, - (CRa2)mC (O) -, - (CRa2) C (O) (CRa2)n, - (CRa2)nC (O) (CRa2) -and-C (O) NH (CRb2) (CRa2)p-;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted-C1-C4 alkyl, and cyano;R6, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;R3 is an optionally substituted-C1-C12 alkyl;R4 is hydrogen;R5 is selected from the group consisting of-OH or-F;Y and Y′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of-O-, and -NRv-; when Y and Y′ are-O-, R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (Rz)2-OC (O) Ry, and-C (Rz)2-O-C (O) ORy;when Y and Y′ are-NRv-, then R11 attached to-NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and-cycloalkylene-COORy;when Y is-O-and Y′ is NRv, then R11 attached to-O-is independently selected from the group consisting of-H, and optionally substituted aryl; and R11 attached to -NRv-is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C (Rx)2COORy, and -cycloalkylene-COORy;or when Y and Y′ are independently selected from-O-and-NRv-, then together R11and R11are the group:wherein:V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; andW, W′ and Z are H.18.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the THR-β modulator is a compound having formula VIII, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, wherein:G is-CH2-;T is-OCH2-;R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of-Cl, -Br, -I,-CH3, -CF3, and CN;R4, R7, R8, and R9 are hydrogen;R6 is hydrogen or-CH3;R3 is selected from the group consisting of-C1-C6 alkyl, -C3-C6 cycloalkyl and -CH2-phenyl optionally substituted on phenyl by halogen;R5 is-OH;X is P (O) YR11Y′R11;Y and Y′ are-O-, and together R11 and R11 are the group:wherein:V is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; andW, W′ and Z are H;or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said prodrugs.19.The method or the use of claim 18, wherein R1 and R2 are each-CH3.20.The method or the use of any one of claims 18-19, wherein V is phenyl substituted by one or two groups selected from fluoro and chloro.21.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consist of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.22.The method or the use of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consist of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.23.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and THR-β modulator are co-formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator, a THR-β modulator, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.24.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, the THR-β modulator is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising a THR-β modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.25.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is one to three modulators selected from three groups consisting of(1) a GLP-1R agonist,(2) a GLP-1R antagonist,(3) a GIPR agonist,(4) a GIPR antagonist,(5) a GCGR agonist,(6) a GCGR antagonist,(7) a GLP-1\GIPR dual agonist,(8) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist(9) a GLP-1R\GIPR dual antagonist,(10) a GLP-1R\GCGR dual antagonist,(11) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist,(12) a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe antagonist,(13) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist,(14) a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist,(15) a GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR agonist,(16) a GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR agonist,(17) GLP-1R antagonist\GIPR antagonist,(18) GLP-1R antagonist\GCGR antagonist,(19) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist,(20) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and(21) a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.26.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of a GLP-1R agonist, a GIPR agonist, a GIPR antagonist, a GLP-1R\GIPR dual agonist, a GLP-1R\GCGR dual agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GCGR antagonist, a GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR tripe agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR agonist, a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR antagonist\GCGR antagonist, and a GLP-1R agonist\GIPR agonist\GCGR antagonist.27.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, Orforglipron, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, HRS-7535, CagriSema, Exendin-4, HRS-9531, NA-931, RGT-075, NN-9541, GMA106, HDM1002, Efocipegtrutide, ROSE-010, Noiiglutide, Cotadutide, Froniglutide, Amycretin, RAY1225, ZT002, SAL0112, CT-388, Efinopegdutide, Dapiglutide, Pemvidutide, Bofanglutide, Olatorepatide, VK2735, AMG133, CT-868, Aleniglipron, AZD-9550, AZD5004, PB-718, HM-15275, HDM-1005, NN-6177, LY3493269, RAY002, XW-014, XW-015, Utreglutide, PF-06954522, BI3006337, Bamadutide, DR10627, KN056, TERN-601, CT-996, GS-4571, ID110521156, LY3437943, LY-3537031, HS-10501, and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.28.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, VK2735, AMG133 and Retatrutide, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron, CT-996 and or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.29.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron and CT-996 or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the THR-β modulator is selected from the group consist of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.30.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of Tirzepatide, PEG-Loxenatide, Semaglutide, Beinaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide, Supaglutide, Mazdutide, Albenatide, Visepegenatide, HR-17031, Retatrutide, Ecnoglutide, Survodutide, Efpeglenatide, Glutazumab, VK2735, AMG133, Orforglipron, Aleniglipron, AZD5004, Danuglipron, Lotiglipron and CT-996, or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.31.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of orstereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.32.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is selected from the group consisting of or stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, deuterium substitutes thereof, isomers thereof, prodrugs thereof, or metabolites thereof.33.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-β modulator are administered together, simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.34.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject is suffering from obesity.35.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject need chronic weight management.36.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject need weight management.37.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, The combination therapy, the method, or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject is overweight.38.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once monthly, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.39.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily, twice daily, once weekly, once monthly, once every three months, once every six months, or once annually.40.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered once daily or once weekly, and the THR-β modulator is administered once weekly.41.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.42.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, orally, or via inhalation.43.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the THR-β modulator is administered subcutaneously, and the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator is administered subcutaneously.44.The method or the use of any one of the proceeding claims, wherein the subject is human.45.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the GLP-1R\GIPR\GCGR modulator and the THR-β modulator of any one of the proceeding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient thereof.
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