Methods and devices for managing resource for ambient IoT devices
The method addresses battery-powered IoT challenges and resource interference by managing AIoT device resources, enhancing efficiency and reliability in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZTE CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing IoT devices powered by batteries face challenges with regular replacement or recharging, leading to high maintenance costs, environmental issues, and safety hazards, while ambient IoT devices share radio resources with traditional 5G services, causing interference and performance degradation.
A method for managing resources in wireless communication systems that involves receiving AIoT resource assistance information from a core network, allocating and managing radio resources for ambient IoT devices, and coordinating with traditional 5G services to prevent interference.
Enhances resource utilization efficiency, coverage, and throughput for ambient IoT devices, improving wireless transmission reliability and reducing maintenance costs.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024129812_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR MANAGING RESOURCE FOR AMBIENT IOT DEVICESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure is directed generally to wireless communications. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods and devices for managing resource for ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication technologies are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. In recent years, internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More ‘things’ are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices may enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain. However, it is quite challenging to power all the IoT devices by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged regularly and / or manually, which leads to high maintenance cost, serious environmental issues, and even safety hazards for some use cases (e.g., wireless sensor in electric power and petroleum industry) .
[0003] Some ambient power-enabled IoT (AIoT) devices (or referred as AIoT user equipments (UEs) ) may be batteryless devices with no energy storage capability or devices with limited energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged regularly and / or manually. There are some issues / problems associated with wireless communication with ambient IoT devices. One issue / problem may include how to efficiently allocating radio resources for AIoT services without causing interference or degradation in the quality of other wireless services.
[0004] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices, addressing at least one of issues / problems discussed above, coordinating network resource allocation between AIoT services and other wireless services, providing improvement in the technology field of wireless communication and increasing its efficiency and performance.SUMMARY
[0005] This document relates to methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication, and more specifically, for managing resource for ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices / user equipments (UEs) . The various embodiments in the present disclosure may increase the resource utilization efficiency, enhance coverage, and / or improve throughput and / or reliability of wireless transmission.
[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. The method includes receiving, by a base station from a core network, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information; and performing, by the base station, AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0007] In another embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. The method includes transmitting, by a core network to a base station, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information, so that the base station is configured to perform AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0008] In some other embodiments, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and at least one processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the at least one processing circuitry executes the instructions, the at least one processing circuitry is configured to carry out any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure.
[0009] In some other embodiments, a device for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and at least one processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the at least one processing circuitry executes the instructions, the at least one processing circuitry is configured to carry out any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure.
[0010] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the methods above and / or in the present disclosure. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
[0011] In some other embodiments, a computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the computer-readable program medium code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure. The computer program product may be a non-transitory computer program product. The computer-readable program medium code may be a non-transitory computer-readable program medium code.
[0012] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1A shows an example of a wireless communication system.
[0014] FIG. 1B shows an example of a central-distributed separated structure in a network node.
[0015] FIG. 1C shows an example of a typology 1 of ambient internet of things (AIoT) radio network.
[0016] FIG. 1D shows an example of a typology 2 of ambient internet of things (AIoT) radio network.
[0017] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network node.
[0018] FIG. 3 shows an example of a user equipment.
[0019] FIG. 4A shows a flow diagram of an exemplary method for wireless communication.
[0020] FIG. 4B shows a flow diagram of another exemplary method for wireless communication.
[0021] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 6 shows another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 7A shows another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 7B shows another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 8 shows another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 9 shows another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The present disclosure will now be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanied drawings, which form a part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific examples of embodiments. Please note that the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments to be set forth below.
[0028] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment” or “in other embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. The phrase “in one implementation” or “in some implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same implementation and the phrase “in another implementation” or “in other implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different implementation. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of exemplary embodiments or implementations in whole or in part.
[0029] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part upon the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” or “at least one” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a” , “an” , or “the” , again, may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” or “determined by” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0030] The present disclosure describes methods and devices for managing resource for ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices (or referred as AIoT user equipments (AIoT UEs) ) .
[0031] In recent years, internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More ‘things’ are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices may enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain.
[0032] In some implementations, most of the existing IoT (Internet of Things) devices are powered by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting batteryless devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The form factor of such devices must be reasonably small to convey the validity of target use cases. However, it is quite challenging to power all the IoT devices by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged regularly and / or manually, which leads to high maintenance cost, serious environmental issues, and even safety hazards for some use cases (e.g., wireless sensor in electric power and petroleum industry) .
[0033] Ambient IoT (ambient power-enabled Internet of Things) network, also known as AIoT network, may refer to an ecosystem of numerous AIoT devices, each connected to a wireless network using low-cost, self-powered sensor. Ambient IoT devices, also known as ambient intelligence or ambient computing devices, operate in the background. They utilize sensors, data analytics, and connectivity to create intelligent and adaptive environments.
[0034] In some implementations, AIoT services may share same physical radio resources (such as spectrum and radio channels) within the Radio Access Network (RAN) as traditional 5G services. This introduces a significant challenge in allocating radio resources for AIoT services without causing interference or degradation in the quality of other 5G services. Additionally, the usage of 5G radio resources for traditional 5G services can also negative impact AIoT services. For example, if the 5G network is heavily loaded with traditional 5G services, it may reduce the efficiency or decrease the performance of AIoT operations. To address these problems, a solution is needed to coordinate network resources allocation between AIoT services and traditional 5G services.
[0035] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices, addressing at least one of issues / problems discussed above, coordinating network resource allocation between AIoT services and other wireless services, providing improvement in the technology field of wireless communication and increasing its efficiency and performance.
[0036] FIG. 1A show a wireless communication system 100 including a core network (CN) 110, at least one radio access network (RAN) 130, one or more user equipment (UE) (152 and 154) and one or more AIoT devices (156 and 158) . The RAN 130 may include one or more wireless network base station, or a NG radio access network (NG-RAN) base station or node, which may include one or more nodeB (NB, e.g., a gNB) in a mobile telecommunications context. In one implementation, the core network 110 may include a 5G or 6G core network (5GC or 6GC) , and the interface 125 may include a NG interface. In some implementations, the UE may be AIoT devices / UEs.
[0037] In some implementations, a first UE 152 may wirelessly receive from the RAN 130 via a downlink channel 142 and wirelessly send communication to the RAN 130 via a uplink channel 141. Likewise, a second UE 154 may wirelessly receive communicate from the RAN 130 via a downlink channel 144 and wirelessly send communication to the RAN 130 via a uplink channel 143. In some implementations, when the RAN serves as “reader” to AIoT devices, one or more AIoT device / UE 156 may wirelessly receive communicate from the RAN 130 via a downlink channel 146 and wirelessly send communication to the RAN 130 via a uplink channel 145. In some implementations, when a UE (e.g., a first UE 152) serves as “reader” to AIoT devices, one or more AIoT device / UE 158 may wirelessly receive communicate from the UE via a downlink channel and wirelessly send communication to the UE via a uplink channel.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 1B, a base station (e.g., a gNB) (using 160 as non-limiting example) may have a central-distributed separated structure, which may include a central unit (CU) 165 and one or more distributed unit (DU) 171 and / or 172. The core network (e.g., 5GC) may communicate with the base station via a NG interface. The base station and another base station may communicate via a Xn-C interface. The CU may communicate with the one or more DU via a F1 interface. This separation enables more flexible deployment and efficient utilization of network resources.
[0039] In some implementations, there may be two types of AIoT network deployments: typology 1 and typology 2. FIG. 1C, describes an example of typology 1, wherein AIoT devices may directly send their AIoT information / data to the base station and directly receive AIoT information / data from the base station. The base station is known as the "AIoT reader" . FIG. 1D describes an example of typology 2, wherein considering the limited coverage area (e.g., transmission and / or reception range) of the AIoT device, an intermediate node between the base station and the AIoT device may be used to extend the coverage area for AIoT device. Usually, a 5G User Equipment (UE) , or 5G relay, may be used as the intermediate node. An AIoT device can send its AIoT information / data to the base station via an AIoT-capable UE and receive AIoT information / data from the base station via an AIoT-capable UE. Here, the UE is known as the "AIoT reader" .
[0040] In some implementations, a hybrid topology1 and topology2 might be implemented. The base station can directly communicate with AIoT devices. In addition, the base station can deploy some AIoT capable UEs, these UEs can act as intermediate nodes to assist the base station and AIoT devices in communication.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows an example of electronic device 200 to implement a network base station. The example electronic device 200 may include radio transmitting / receiving (Tx / Rx) circuitry 208 to transmit / receive communication with UEs and / or other base stations. The electronic device 200 may also include network interface circuitry 209 to communicate the base station with other base stations and / or a core network, e.g., optical or wireline interconnects, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission mediums / protocols. The electronic device 200 may optionally include an input / output (I / O) interface 206 to communicate with an operator or the like.
[0042] The electronic device 200 may also include system circuitry 204. System circuitry 204 may include processor (s) 221 and / or memory 222. Memory 222 may include an operating system 224, instructions 226, and parameters 228. Instructions 226 may be configured for the one or more of the processors 124 to perform the functions of the network node. The parameters 228 may include parameters to support execution of the instructions 226. For example, parameters may include network protocol settings, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping assignments, and / or other parameters.
[0043] FIG. 3 shows an example of an electronic device to implement a terminal device 300 (for example, user equipment (UE) ) . The UE 300 may be a mobile device, for example, an AIoT UE. The UE 300 may include a portion or all of the following: communication interfaces 302, a system circuitry 304, an input / output interfaces (I / O) 306, a display circuitry 308, and a storage 309. The display circuitry may include a user interface 310. The system circuitry 304 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic / circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be implemented, for example, with one or more systems on a chip (SoC) , application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be a part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 300. In that regard, the system circuitry 304 may include logic that facilitates a portion or all of the following: decoding and playing music and video, e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback; running applications; accepting user inputs; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections for, as one example, internet connectivity; establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and / or displaying relevant information on the user interface 310. The user interface 310 and the inputs / output (I / O) interfaces 306 may include a graphical user interface, touch sensitive display, haptic feedback or other haptic output, voice or facial recognition inputs, buttons, switches, speakers and other user interface elements. Additional examples of the I / O interfaces 306 may include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headset and microphone input / output jacks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR sensors) , and other types of inputs.
[0044] Referring to FIG. 3, the communication interfaces 302 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) circuitry 316 which handles transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 314. The communication interface 302 may include one or more transceivers. The transceivers may be wireless transceivers that include modulation / demodulation circuitry, digital to analog converters (DACs) , shaping tables, analog to digital converters (ADCs) , filters, waveform shapers, filters, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers and / or other logic for transmitting and receiving through one or more antennas, or (for some devices) through a physical (e.g., wireline) medium. The transmitted and received signals may adhere to any of a diverse array of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, ASK , PSK etc) , frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As one specific example, the communication interfaces 302 may include transceivers that support transmission and reception under the 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) +, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) , 5G standards, 6G standards, or any other telecommunication standards. The techniques described below, however, are applicable to other wireless communications technologies whether arising from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partnerships or standards bodies.
[0045] Referring to FIG. 3, the system circuitry 304 may include one or more processors 321 and memories 322. The memory 322 stores, for example, an operating system 324, instructions 326, and parameters 328. The processor 321 is configured to execute the instructions 326 to carry out desired functionality for the UE 300. The parameters 328 may provide and specify configuration and operating options for the instructions 326. The memory 322 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or other data that the UE 300 will send, or has received, through the communication interfaces 302. In various implementations, a system power for the UE 300 may be supplied by a power storage device, such as a battery or a transformer.
[0046] The present disclosure describes various embodiment for managing resource for AIoT devices, which may be implemented, partly or totally, on the network base station and / or the user equipment described above in FIGs. 2-3.
[0047] Referring to FIG. 4A, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a method 400 for wireless communication. The method 400 may include a portion or all of the following steps: step 410, receiving, by a base station from a core network, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information; and / or step 420, performing, by the base station, AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 4B, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a method 450 for wireless communication. The method 450 may include step 460, transmitting, by a core network to a base station, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information, so that the base station is configured to perform AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0049] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the first message comprises an AIoT resource request message for requesting AIoT radio resource, and the base station allocates radio resource for AIoT service; or the first message comprises an AIoT resource modification message for modifying AIoT radio resource, and the base station updates the radio resource that is allocated for the AIoT service.
[0050] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, in downlink, the base station receives at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices from the core network, and / or communicates with the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service; and / or
[0051] in uplink, the base station receives subsequent uplink operation results or data sent by the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, and / or transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the core network.
[0052] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, in response to determining to use a user equipment (UE) to communicate with the AIoT devices: the base station transmits a first RRC message to the UE, wherein the first RRC message comprises the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service; and / or in downlink, the base station receives at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices from the core network, the base station sends the at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices to the UE, and the UE communicates with the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, and / or in uplink, the UE receives subsequent uplink operation results or data sent by the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, the UE transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the base station, and the base station transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the core network.
[0053] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the base station comprises at least one central unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (CU) ; the CU receives the first message comprises the first AIoT resource assistance information from the core network; the CU determines to allocate AIoT resource to the at least one DU based on the first AIoT resource assistance information; and / or the CU sends a F1AP message for managing the AIoT resource to the at least one DU, wherein the F1AP message comprises second AIoT resource assistance information.
[0054] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the DU sends a F1AP response message to the CU, wherein the F1AP response message comprises information of admitted AIoT resource or rejected AIoT resource.
[0055] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the second AIoT resource assistance information has a narrower scope than the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0056] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the core network sends a second message to the base station for releasing the allocated AIoT resource; and / or upon receiving the second message, the base station releases the allocated AIoT resource.
[0057] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the base station comprises at least one central unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (CU) ; the CU receives the second message sent from the core network; the CU sends a second F1AP message to the at least one DU to request releasing the allocated AIoT resource; and / or upon receiving the second F1AP message, the DU releases the allocated AIoT resource.
[0058] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the base station sends a second RRC message to the UE, wherein the second RRC message indicates the allocated AIoT resource is successfully released.
[0059] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the base station sends a third message to a second base station for requesting AIoT resource coordination, wherein the third message comprises third AIoT resource assistance information; and / or upon receiving the third message, the second base station performs the AIoT resource coordination based on the third AIoT resource assistance information.
[0060] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the second base station sends a third response message to the base station.
[0061] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, the third AIoT resource assistance information has a narrower scope than the first AIoT resource assistance information.
[0062] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of other implementation (s) and / or embodiment (s) described in the present disclosure, each of the first, second, and third AIoT resource assistance information comprises at least one of the following: a frequency list indicating at least one frequency bands or channels for AIoT operation, an amount of resource information, an amount of bandwidth required for the AIoT operation, a transmission time interval (TTI) number or a time slot number, indicating a duration of a transmission slot or interval for AIoT services over a specific period, a number of simultaneous connections or AIoT devices to support, a required data volume for the AIoT operation for each AIoT device or for all AIoT devices over a specific period, a required data rate or throughput for the AIoT operation for each AIoT device or for all AIoT devices, a resource usage period indicating an expected duration or time window for the AIoT resources, a number of resource blocks (RBs) requested by the core network depending on the AIoT traffic, an energy requirement for transmitting or maintaining the connection for the AIoT operation, a latency indicating a maximum delay allowed for the AIoT operation, a quality of service (QoS) level indicating a priority or service class for requested AIoT resource, a set of area parameters comprising at least one of the following: a cell list, or a geographical area, indicating where AIoT resources are needed, a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) list for at least one cell, one or more AIoT Reader Identifiers (IDs) indicating the AIoT reader (s) responsible for operating AIoT devices, an AIoT operation type indicating at least one of the following: an operation type or a command type, and / or one or more AIoT identifiers (IDs) of the AIoT device during a registration procedure.
[0063] The present disclosure describes various exemplary embodiments on how to manage resource for AIoT devices / UEs, which merely serve as examples and do not pose limitations. Any steps and / or operations in one same embodiment / implementation or more than one different embodiments / implementation in the present disclosure may be combined or arranged in any amount or order, as desired. Two or more of the steps and / or operations may be performed in parallel. Embodiments and implementations in the disclosure may be used separately or combined in any order. Further, each of the methods (or embodiments) may be implemented by processing circuitry (e.g., one or more processors or one or more integrated circuits) .
[0064] Embodiment Set I
[0065] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs, particularly related to RAN pre-allocation of AIoT resources based on core network (CN) Request.
[0066] In some implementations, referring to FIG. 5, when a UE serves as a reader, an AIoT system may include a CN, a base station / RAN, a UE, and an AIoT device; and / or when a base station / RAN serves as an reader, an AIoT system may include a CN, a base station / RAN, and an AIoT device. Before the CN initiates an AIoT operation (such as inventory or command) , it can first initiate an AIoT resource request procedure at the CN-RAN interface for the subsequent AIoT operation (s) . Subsequently, the RAN may allocate or reserve the corresponding AIoT radio resources as requested for the subsequent AIoT operation (s) . Furthermore, after the RAN AIoT resource is allocated, the CN may initiate AIoT radio resource update procedure, to add or decrease AIoT resource at RAN. In this way, the wireless network (e.g., 5G network) may adjust other 5G services in advance to prevent the relevant 5G service resources from being affected during AIoT operations. Additionally, by reserving resources, it ensures that there are enough AIoT resources to guarantee the quality of AIoT service during subsequent communications with AIoT devices.
[0067] In some implementations, a method for managing resource for AIoT devices may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0068] For step 510, the CN sends an AIoT resource request or modify message to the RAN node (e.g., gNB) , requesting AIoT radio resources at the RAN, or updating the allocated AIoT radio resources at the RAN. The message includes the AIoT Resource Assistance Information for requesting or updating.
[0069] In some implementations, the AIoT Resource Assistance Information may include at least one of the following for uplink, downlink, or both directions: Frequency List indicating specific frequency bands or channels for the AIoT operation. The CN can decide the frequency list to help the RAN allocate precise radio resources without causing interference or based on the RF capability of the specific AIoT devices; and Amount of Resources Information, including at least one of the following.
[0070] The amount of bandwidth required for the operation.
[0071] Transmission Time Interval (TTI) number or Time Slot number, indicating the duration of a transmission slot or interval for AIoT services over a specific period.
[0072] The number of devices, indicating the number of simultaneous connections or AIoT devices the resources need to support. This is crucial when a large number of AIoT devices operate in a certain area.
[0073] The required data volume for AIoT operation for each device or for all devices over a specific period.
[0074] The required data rate / throughput for AIoT operation for each device or for all devices.
[0075] Resource Usage Period: Specifying the expected duration or time window (e.g., start time, stop time) during which the AIoT resources will be required. This helps ensure that resources are allocated efficiently and do not overlap with other 5G services. Additionally, this parameter can implicitly indicate that once the period expires, the RAN may release the allocated AIoT resources.
[0076] Number of Resource Blocks (RBs) : Specifying the number of resource blocks requested by the CN depending on the AIoT traffic. This could be expressed as "Number of RBs per subframe" or "Number of RBs over a time period. "
[0077] Energy Requirement: Indicating AIoT reader (base station, or UE) power requirements for transmitting the AIoT requested data / command or maintaining the connection with AIoT. For example, powerless AIoT devices may harvest and store energy from the RF transmissions they receive from a reader.
[0078] Latency: Indicating the maximum delay allowed for AIoT operation, ensuring the allocated resource is sufficient for AIoT data transmission within the acceptable time frame.
[0079] Quality of Service (QoS) Level: Indicating the priority or service class the requested resources should support.
[0080] Area Parameters: such as cell list and / or geographical area, indicating the areas or zones where resources are needed, optimizing resource allocation by location.
[0081] Suggested SSB list: For stationary devices, they may only be located within the coverage of certain SSBs of the base station. This parameter indicates that the RAN only needs to use specific beams from the base station acting as a reader to communicate with the devices, or that the base station only needs to use UE readers within the coverage of certain SSBs to communicate with the devices.
[0082] AIoT Operation Type: Indicates the operation type (e.g., inventory) or command type (read, write, kill, etc. ) . Different operations require different amounts of radio resources. For example, if the command is "kill, " it requires the least resources.
[0083] AIoT Device Identifier (ID) List: indicates the AIoT devices required for operation, with each ID assigned to an AIoT device during the registration procedure.
[0084] AIoT Reader Identifier (ID) List: identifies the AIoT reader (s) responsible for operating AIoT devices. When a gNB functions as a reader, its reader ID corresponds to the RAN node ID of the gNB. When a gNB's TRP (Transmission Reception Point) , which is a physical node on the base station capable of transmitting and receiving signals, acts as a reader for AIoT device communication, the reader ID is the TRP ID. A single base station may have multiple TRPs, each of which may be capable of functioning as a reader. When a UE serves as a reader, the reader ID corresponds to the UE ID.
[0085] For step 520, the RAN receives the AIoT Resource Assistance Information Configuration and allocates or updates the radio resources reserved for AIoT services accordingly. In some implementations, the RAN then sends a response message to the CN, which may include information about the admitted or rejected resources. In some implementations, when the RAN is overloaded, it may send a reject message directly, declining the AIoT operation without allocating any radio resources for AIoT services.
[0086] For step 530, once the AIoT resources at the RAN are allocated or updated, when the gNB decides to use certain UE readers to communicate with AIoT devices, it may send an RRC message to the UE to configure or update the AIoT resources at the UE. This message may include the allocated physical radio resources for the UE. In some implementations, these resources should be part of the AIoT resources allocated in Step 520.
[0087] For step 540, after the AIoT resource is successfully allocated / reserved at RAN: in the downlink, subsequent operation commands and data related to AIoT devices are received from the core network, and the reader on the RAN side (which could be the base station or a UE involved ) communicates with the AIoT devices using resources from the pre-allocated downlink resource pool; and / or in the uplink, the reader (either the base station or UE) uses the resource from the pre-allocated uplink resources to receive the subsequent uplink operation results or data sent by the AIoT devices.
[0088] Embodiment Set II
[0089] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs, particularly related to RAN pre-allocation of AIoT resources based on core network (CN) Request under CU / DU split architecture. The embodiment set II may be a supplement to the resource allocation procedure based on Embodiment set I, considering the case where the base station is under a CU / DU split architecture, referring to FIG. 6. An exemplary method for managing resource for AIoT devices may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0090] For step 600, the CU of the base station receives the AIoT Resource Assistance Information Configuration in an AIoT resource request or modify message sent by CN. This step may include step 510 of the embodiment set I.
[0091] For step 610, the CU decides to allocate AIoT resources at at least one DU among the one or more DUs with the base station based on the received AIoT Resource Assistance Information Configuration. The CU sends an AIoT resource request or modification message to the DU, requesting new AIoT radio resources or updating the previously allocated resources at the DU. This message includes AIoT Resource Assistance Information for either requesting or updating the AIoT resources at the DU. In some implementations, the definition of AIoT Resource Assistance Information in step 610 may be the same as in Embodiment set I, but its content may differ from the AIoT Resource Assistance Information received from the Core Network, as the CU can further restrict the scope of resource allocation. In some implementations, the scope of the AIoT Resource Assistance Information in step 610 may be smaller / narrower than the AIoT Resource Assistance information from the CN.
[0092] For step 620, the DU receives the AIoT Resource Assistance Information Configuration and allocates or updates the radio resources reserved for AIoT services accordingly. In some implementations, the DU sends a response message to the CU, which may include information about the admitted or rejected resources. In some implementations, when the DU is overloaded, it may send a reject message directly, declining the AIoT operation without allocating any radio resources for AIoT services. Then, the CU can respond to the CN based on the responses received from one or more DUs.
[0093] Embodiment Set III
[0094] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs, particularly related to CN initiate releasing of RAN pre-allocated AIoT resources.
[0095] FIG. 7A shows a non-limiting exemplary method for managing resource for AIoT devices. The method may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0096] For step 700, the base station / RAN allocates or reserves the corresponding AIoT radio resources based on the CN request for subsequent AIoT operations.
[0097] For step 710, after certain AIoT operations have been completed, the CN decides to release the allocated AIoT resources at the RAN and sends an AIoT resource release message to the base station.
[0098] For step 720, upon receives the AIoT resource release message sent by the CN, the base station releases the allocated AIoT resource for readers (base station, and / or UEs) . In some implementations, the base station may send a response message to the CN.
[0099] For step 730, the base station sends a RRC message to the UE, to indicate the AIoT resource is successfully released.
[0100] FIG. 7B shows another non-limiting exemplary method for managing resource for AIoT devices, wherein the base station includes a CU-DU architecture. The method may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0101] For step 701, the base station / RAN allocates or reserves the corresponding AIoT radio resources based on the CN request for subsequent AIoT operations.
[0102] For step 711, after certain AIoT operations have been completed, the CN decides to release the allocated AIoT resources at the RAN and sends an AIoT resource release message to the CU in the base station.
[0103] For step 715, the CU sends a second F1AP message to the at least one DU in the base station to request releasing the allocated AIoT resource.
[0104] For step 721, upon receives the AIoT resource release message sent by the CN, the CU may send a response message to the CN. In some implementations, step 721 may be performed before step 715; and in some other implementations, step 721 may be performed after step 715.
[0105] For step 731, the DU sends a RRC message to the UE, to indicate the AIoT resource is successfully released.
[0106] Embodiment Set IV
[0107] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs, particularly related to RAN resources coordination between RAN nodes.
[0108] In some implementations, referring to FIG. 8, the wireless network includes more than one base station: a first base station (BS1) and a second base station (BS2) . A method for managing resource for AIoT devices may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0109] For step 800, the RAN (base station 1) allocates or reserves the corresponding AIoT radio resources based on the CN request for subsequent AIoT operations.
[0110] For step 810, the base station 1 sends a message to other base station (e.g., base station 2) , requesting resources coordination within RAN. This message includes AIoT Resource Assistance Information of the allocated AIoT resources at the base station 1. In some implementations, the definition of AIoT Resource Assistance Information in step 810 may be the same as in Embodiment set I, but its content may differ from the AIoT Resource Assistance Information received from the Core Network, as the base station 1 can further restrict its scope of resource allocation.
[0111] For step 820, after receiving the AIoT Resource Assistance Information sent from other base stations, the base station 2 can perform resource coordination based on the received AIoT Resource Assistance Information. For example, by knowing which frequencies or time slots neighboring base stations are using for AIoT services, the base station 2 can avoid allocating the same resources to nearby users, minimizing interference between them.
[0112] For step 830, the BS2 sends a response message to BS1. This step may be optional in some of the embodiments.
[0113] Embodiment Set V
[0114] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs, particularly related to utilizing the AIoT resource allocation triggering mechanism described in embodiments described in the present disclosure. In some scenario, resource requests for AIoT are initiated by the CN, with the RAN managing resource allocation. Alternatively in some implementations, some embodiments can also function independently of prior methods, wherein the RAN may allocate resources based on operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) configurations. For example, when the OAM already contains information about device deployments within the network, such as within a non-public network (NPN) for a vertical network services, the RAN can autonomously initiate AIoT resource allocation.
[0115] Some embodiments may differ significantly from previous ones and can be considered a self-contained approach. Here, the primary focus is on potential privacy aspects of AIoT operations, where the CN may communicate directly with the UE reader (via the RAN) to execute AIoT-related operations without RAN awareness of specific device operations or associated data. In such cases, if the RAN were to pre-assign AIoT resources to the UE, the CN might not actually utilize that UE for AIoT activities. These embodiments, therefore, describe some alternative methods where the CN directly notifies the UE of the relevant AIoT resources.
[0116] FIG. 9 shows a non-limiting example of a method, which may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0117] In step 900, the RAN node (base station) allocates or reserves the corresponding AIoT radio resources for some UE reader (s) for subsequent AIoT operations.
[0118] In step 910, the RAN sends a message to the CN containing Allocated AIoT Resource Information for one or more UEs (acting as readers) . This information includes at least one of the following elements: one or more UE identifiers (IDs) ; for certain indicated UE (s) , information about dedicated radio resources assigned to each UE; for certain indicated UEs, information about a shared radio resource allocated for this group of UEs; and / or a resource usage period for each dedicated / shared radio resource, or for all resource, which indicates an expected duration or time window for the radio resources. In some implementations, these resources become invalid outside the specified time window.
[0119] In some implementations, these radio resources may be specified within particular resources of time, frequency, and spatial domains.
[0120] In step 920, the CN receives the Allocated AIoT Resource Information for one or more UEs (acting as readers) from the base station and stores this information. When the CN decides to operate AIoT devices via certain UEs, it sends the corresponding encapsulated AIoT operation message (e.g., encapsulated as non-access stratum (NAS) signaling protocol data unit (s) (PDU (s) ) , or encapsulated as AIoT user plane packet (s) ) to the relevant UE (via the BS) . The BS is unable to decode the specific AIoT operation / data encapsulated within the message by the CN.
[0121] In some implementations, the message further includes information on dedicated and / or shared radio resources available for this UE to perform AIoT operations, optionally along with a list of device identifiers (IDs) for the operated devices. In some implementations, information on dedicated and / or shared radio resources can be encapsulated in one or more NAS PDU (s) or AIoT user plane packet (s) .
[0122] In step 930, upon receiving the AIoT operation message from the CN, the UE decodes the information on dedicated and / or shared radio resources within the message and then performs the specified AIoT operation on the certain AIoT devices using the indicated radio resources.
[0123] In some implementations, when the resource includes a usage period, when the CN sends subsequent AIoT operation messages to the UE within this period or time window, it may not need to include the radio resource information in these messages. The UE will use the previously stored resources within the valid time window. Only when this time window has expired will the UE receive updated resource information in subsequent messages from the core network.
[0124] The present disclosure describes methods, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for wireless communication. The present disclosure addressed the issues with managing resource for AIoT devices / UEs. The methods, devices, and computer-readable medium described in the present disclosure may facilitate the performance of wireless communication, thus improving efficiency and overall performance. The methods, devices, and computer-readable medium described in the present disclosure may improves the overall efficiency of the wireless communication systems.
[0125] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the above methods. The computer-readable medium may be referred as non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) that stores data for extended periods such as a flash drive or compact disk (CD) , or for short periods in the presence of power such as a memory device or random access memory (RAM) . In some embodiments, computer-readable instructions may be included in a software, which is embodied in one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media. Such non-transitory computer-readable media can be media associated with user-accessible mass storage as well as certain short-duration storage that are of non-transitory nature, such as internal mass storage or ROM. The software implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure can be stored in such devices and executed by a processor (or processing circuitry) . A computer-readable medium can include one or more memory devices or chips, according to particular needs. The software can cause the processor (including CPU, GPU, FPGA, and the like) to execute particular processes or particular parts of particular processes described herein, including defining data structures stored in RAM and modifying such data structures according to the processes defined by the software.
[0126] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0127] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, for non-limiting examples, a portion from one or more embodiment may be combined with another portion of other embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
Claims
1.A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a base station from a core network, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information; andperforming, by the base station, AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.2.A method for wireless communication, comprising:transmitting, by a core network to a base station, a first message for managing ambient internet of things (AIoT) resource, wherein the first message comprises first AIoT resource assistance information, so that the base station is configured to perform AIoT resource management based on the first AIoT resource assistance information.3.The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein:the first message comprises an AIoT resource request message for requesting AIoT radio resource, and the base station allocates radio resource for AIoT service; orthe first message comprises an AIoT resource modification message for modifying AIoT radio resource, and the base station updates the radio resource that is allocated for the AIoT service.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein:in downlink, the base station receives at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices from the core network, and communicates with the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service; orin uplink, the base station receives subsequent uplink operation results or data sent by the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, and transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the core network.5.The method according to claim 3, wherein:in response to determining to use a user equipment (UE) to communicate with the AIoT devices: the base station transmits a first RRC message to the UE, wherein the first RRC message comprises the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service; andin downlink, the base station receives at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices from the core network, the base station sends the at least one operation command or data related to the AIoT devices to the UE, and the UE communicates with the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, orin uplink, the UE receives subsequent uplink operation results or data sent by the AIoT devices using the allocated radio resource for the AIoT service, the UE transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the base station, and the base station transmits the subsequent uplink operation results or data to the core network.6.The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein:the base station comprises at least one central unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (CU) ;the CU receives the first message comprises the first AIoT resource assistance information from the core network;the CU determines to allocate AIoT resource to the at least one DU based on the first AIoT resource assistance information; andthe CU sends a F1AP message for managing the AIoT resource to the at least one DU, wherein the F1AP message comprises second AIoT resource assistance information.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein:the DU sends a F1AP response message to the CU, wherein the F1AP response message comprises information of admitted AIoT resource or rejected AIoT resource.8.The method according to claim 6, wherein:the second AIoT resource assistance information has a narrower scope than the first AIoT resource assistance information.9.The method according to any of claims 1 to 8, whereinthe core network sends a second message to the base station for releasing the allocated AIoT resource; andupon receiving the second message, the base station releases the allocated AIoT resource.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein:the base station comprises at least one central unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (CU) ;the CU receives the second message sent from the core network;the CU sends a second F1AP message to the at least one DU to request releasing the allocated AIoT resource; andupon receiving the second F1AP message, the DU releases the allocated AIoT resource.11.The method according to claim 9, wherein:the base station sends a second RRC message to the UE, wherein the second RRC message indicates the allocated AIoT resource is successfully released.12.The method according to any of claims 1 to 11, whereinthe base station sends a third message to a second base station for requesting AIoT resource coordination, wherein the third message comprises third AIoT resource assistance information; andupon receiving the third message, the second base station performs the AIoT resource coordination based on the third AIoT resource assistance information.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein:the second base station sends a third response message to the base station.14.The method according to claim 12, wherein:the third AIoT resource assistance information has a narrower scope than the first AIoT resource assistance information.15.The method according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein:each of the first, second, and third AIoT resource assistance information comprises at least one of the following:a frequency list indicating at least one frequency bands or channels for AIoT operation,an amount of resource information,an amount of bandwidth required for the AIoT operation,a transmission time interval (TTI) number or a time slot number, indicating a duration of a transmission slot or interval for AIoT services over a specific period,a number of simultaneous connections or AIoT devices to support,a required data volume for the AIoT operation for each AIoT device or for all AIoT devices over a specific period,a required data rate or throughput for the AIoT operation for each AIoT device or for all AIoT devices,a resource usage period indicating an expected duration or time window for the AIoT resources,a number of resource blocks (RBs) requested by the core network depending on the AIoT traffic,an energy requirement for transmitting or maintaining the connection for the AIoT operation,a latency indicating a maximum delay allowed for the AIoT operation,a quality of service (QoS) level indicating a priority or service class for requested AIoT resource,a set of area parameters comprising at least one of the following: a cell list, or a geographical area, indicating where AIoT resources are needed,a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB) list for at least one cell,one or more reader identifiers (IDs) used for AIoT operation,an AIoT operation type indicating at least one of the following: an operation type or a command type, orone or more AIoT identifiers (IDs) of the AIoT device during a registration procedure.16.A wireless communications apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read instructions from the memory and implement the method recited in any one of claims 1 to 15.17.A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to carry out the method recited in any one of claims 1 to 15.