Network nodes and methods therein for facilitating session control
By enabling session control methods to exclude specific sessions from restoration, the network nodes address misalignment and resource wastage issues, optimizing network performance and resource utilization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing network technologies face issues with misalignment and resource wastage during session restoration due to the restoration of unsuitable PFCP sessions between Network Functions (NFs), leading to performance loss and unnecessary network resource consumption.
Network nodes and methods are introduced to send and receive indications that certain sessions are excluded from restoration due to failure, allowing control over session restoration based on operator policies, thereby avoiding misalignment and resource waste.
This approach prevents unnecessary session restoration, aligns NFs correctly, and optimizes resource usage by ensuring only necessary sessions are restored, thus reducing performance loss and resource wastage.
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Figure CN2025133333_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NETWORK NODES AND METHODS THEREIN FOR FACILITATING SESSION CONTROLTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to communication technology, and more particularly, to network nodes and methods therein for facilitating session control.BACKGROUND
[0002] When a Network Function (NF) set feature is provided for an NF in a network, upon detecting failure of the NF, a peer NF can restore an affected session with the NF towards an alternative NF pertaining to a same NF set as the NF.
[0003] For example, according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 29.244, v18.7.0, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) session may be controlled by different Session Management Functions (SMFs) of an SMF set using either one PFCP association per SMF Set and User Plane Function (UPF) , referred to as SSET feature, or with each SMF of the SMF set establishing its own PFCP association with the UPF, referred to as MPAS feature.
[0004] When a UPF supports that a PFCP session can be successively controlled by different SMFs in the same SMF set, one SMF in the SMF set shall establish one single PFCP Association with the UPF for the SMF set, and the Node Identifier (ID) in the PFCP Association Setup Request shall be set to a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) representing the SMF set. The SMF shall indicate that it supports the SSET feature in the Control Plane (CP) Function Features Information Element (IE) . This indicates to the UPF that the PFCP sessions established with this PFCP association can be successively controlled by different SMFs of an SMF set.
[0005] If multiple PFCP associations are setup between an UPF and the SMFs in an SMF set, each SMF in the SMF set shall establish its own PFCP association with the UPF and shall provide the Node ID IE set to an FQDN or Internet Protocol (IP) address of the SMF and the SMF Set ID IE set to an FQDN representing the SMF set. All SMFs of an SMF set shall indicate the same SMF Set ID. Alternatively, ifPFCP Association Setup is initiated by UPF, each SMF in the SMF set shall provide this information in PFCP Association Setup Response message. The SMF shall indicate that it supports the MPAS feature in the CP Function Features IE. This indicates to the UPF that the PFCP sessions established with this PFCP association can be successively controlled by different SMFs of the same SMF set.
[0006] When either the SSET feature or the MAPS feature is provided for an SMF, upon detecting failure of the SMF, the UPF may restore an affected PFCP session towards an alternative SMF pertaining to the same SMF set.SUMMARY
[0007] Not all PFCP sessions are suitable for such restoration, however. Fig. 1 shows different types of PFCP sessions between an SMF and a UPF. As shown, in addition to PFCP sessions tied to Packet Data Unit (PDU) sessions for User Equipments (UEs) , PFCP sessions are established for transporting packets containing signaling messages between the SMF and a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) server, signaling messages between the SMF and a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages to detect liveness of Proxy -Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF) , and so on. These PFCP sessions, other than the PFCP sessions tied to PDU sessions, are SMF specific, i.e., each SMF establishes these PFCP sessions on its own. Therefore it makes no sense to restore such PFCP sessions established by one SMF (e.g., SMF1) towards another (e.g., SMF2) since SMF2 has already established PFCP sessions between SMF2 and the UPF for the same purposes. Some function errors and performance loss may be caused due to such misalignment between the SMF and the UPF with respect to session restoration. For example, the UPF may still keep PFCP sessions that does not support or need SMF set when some failure between the SMF and the UPF occurs, or upon detecting some failure of a PFCP association in an SMF set, the UPF may frequently send notifications to the SMF to trigger restoration or switchover between SMFs, which would be unnecessary and result in a waste of network resources.
[0008] On the other hand, based on e.g., operator policies, some low priority PFCP sessions may be established without storing their relevant contexts in a shared memory, therefore restoring those PFCP sessions at an alternative SMF is not possible.
[0009] While PFCP sessions are taken as an example in the above description, there may be same or similar problems for other sessions between other NFs.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide network nodes and methods therein for facilitating session control, capable of solving at least one of the above problems.
[0011] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method in a first NF is provided. The method includes sending a request for establishing a session to a second NF. The request includes an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.
[0012] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method in a second NF is provided. The method includes receiving, from a first NF, a request for establishing a session. The request includes an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.
[0013] In an embodiment, the first NF may include an SMF, the second NF may include a UPF, and the session may include a PFCP session.
[0014] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when a feature of SSET or a feature of MPAS is supported by the SMF and the UPF.
[0015] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a network node is provided. The network node includes a communication interface, a processing circuitry, and a memory. The network node is configured to, when implementing a first NF, perform the method according to the first aspect, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0016] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry of a network node, configure the network node to, when implementing a first NF, perform the method according to the first aspect, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0017] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry of a network node, configure the network node to, when implementing a first NF, perform the method according to the first aspect, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0018] With certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a first NF may notify, when sending a request for establishing a session to a second NF, the second NF that the session is to be excluded from restoration due to failure of the first NF. This avoids misalignment between the NFs with respect to session restoration, which in turn avoids unnecessary waste of resources for the second NF's attempt to restore the session. In addition, it enables the first NF to control whether the second NF shall initiate session restoration based on e.g., operator policies.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages will be more apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the figures, in which:
[0020] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing different types of PFCP sessions between an SMF and a UPF;
[0021] Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method in a first NF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method in a second NF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 4 is a sequence diagram of an example of a session control process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0025] Figs. 6 and 7 are figures used in Appendixes.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] As used herein, the term “network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as NR, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , LTE, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network node in the network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 1G (the first generation) , 2G (the second generation) , 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G (the third generation) , 4G (the fourth generation) , 4.5G, 5G (the fifth generation) communication protocols, wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, and / or ZigBee standards, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0027] In the present disclosure, a network function, or NF, can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure. The term “network node” refers to any physical or virtual node configured to implement a network function.
[0028] References in the specification to "one embodiment, " "an embodiment, " "an example embodiment, " and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0029] It shall be understood that although the terms "first" and "second" etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a" , "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" , "comprising" , "has" , "having" , "includes" and / or "including" , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0032] Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 200 can be performed by a first NF, e.g., an SMF.
[0033] At block 210, the first NF sends a request for establishing a session (e.g., PFCP session) to a second NF (e.g., UPF) . The request includes an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions (e.g., PFCP sessions) affected by failure of the first NF.
[0034] In an example, the indication may be included when the SSET or MPAS feature is supported by the SMF and the UPF.
[0035] For example, the request may be a PFCP Session Establishment Request and the indication may be a flag, referred to herein as EUPRI (Excluding from UPF initiated PFCP session Restoration Indication) flag as a non-limiting example, as shown in Table 1 below.
[0036] Table 1: Information Elements in a PFCP Session Establishment Request
[0037] For further details of the PFCP Session Establishment Request, reference can be made to the 3GPP TS 29.244, v18.7.0.
[0038] In an example, the indication may be included when the PFCP session does not support an SMF set or does not need to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF, such that the PFCP session is to be deleted at the UPF when failure of the SMF is detected. The PFCP session not supporting or not needing to be restored may mean that such restoration would be deemed failed. For example, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is not tied to a PDU session and / or when the PFCP session is established to enable forwarding of packets between the SMF and a Data Network (DN) . In particular, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is used for forwarding RADIUS, Diameter, or DHCP signaling between the SMF and the DN, or for forwarding End Marker packets from the SMF to a downstream UPF or Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) .
[0039] In another example, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is determined not to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF. For example, the PFCP session may be determined not to be restored when the PFCP session is a low priority session, e.g., based on operator policies.
[0040] Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 300 can be performed by a second NF, e.g., a UPF.
[0041] At block 310, the second NF (e.g., UPF) receives, from a first NF (e.g., SMF) , a request for establishing a session (e.g., PFCP session) . The request includes an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions (e.g., PFCP sessions) affected by failure of the first NF.
[0042] In an example, the indication may be included when the SSET or MPAS feature is supported by the SMF and the UPF.
[0043] For example, the request may be a PFCP Session Establishment Request and the indication may be a EUPRI as shown in Table 1.
[0044] In an example, the UPF may handle, based on failure of the SMF being detected, the PFCP session as if no SMF set feature is provided for the SMF, according to the indication. For example, the UPF may delete the PFCP session without restoration using an SMF set associated with the SMF.
[0045] In the following, the above methods 200 and 300 will be further explained with reference to Fig. 4.
[0046] Fig. 4 shows an example of a session control process. It is assumed here that an SMF set includes three SMFs: SMF1, SMF2, and SMF3. The process includes the following steps.
[0047] Step 1. SMF1 sends a PFCP association setup request to UPF to setup an association supporting SMF set. The request contains an SMF Set ID (smfsetl) of the SMF set, an indication of support of MPAS feature, and a Node ID (IP1 or FQDN1) of SMF1.
[0048] Step 2. UPF sends a PFCP association setup response to SMF1. The response contains a Node ID of UPF and an indication of support of MPAS feature.
[0049] Step 3. SMF1 sends a PFCP session establishment request with an EUPRI flag (see Table 1) to UPF to create PFCP Session 1 that does not support or need SMF set.
[0050] Step 4. UPF sends a PFCP session establishment response to SMF1.
[0051] Step 5. Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request to SMF to create a PDU session.
[0052] Step 6. SMF1 sends a PFCP session establishment request without EUPRI flag to UPF to create PFCP Session 2 that supports or needs SMF set.
[0053] Step 7. UPF sends a PFCP session establishment response to SMF1.
[0054] Step 8. SMF 1 returns an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response to AMF.
[0055] In this example, upon detecting failure of SMF1, the UPF may restore PFCP Session 2 at an alternative SMF (e.g., SMF2 or SMF3) pertaining to the SMF set, and may delete PFCP Session 1 without restoring it using the SMF set.
[0056] Fig. 5 is a block diagram or a network node 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0057] The network node 500 includes a communication interface 510, a processing circuitry 520, and a memory 530. The memory 530 may contain instructions executable by the processing circuitry 520 whereby the network node 500 is operative to, when implementing a first NF, perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 2, or when implementing a second NF, perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 3.
[0058] Particularly, the network node 500 may be configured to, when implementing a first NF, send a request for establishing a session to a second NF. The request includes an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.
[0059] In an embodiment, the first NF may include an SMF, the second NF may include a UPF, and the session may include a PFCP session.
[0060] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when a feature of SSET or a feature of MPAS is supported by the SMF and the UPF.
[0061] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when the PFCP session does not support an SMF set or does not need to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF.
[0062] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is not tied to a PDU session and / or when the PFCP session is established to enable forwarding of packets between the SMF and a DN.
[0063] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is used for forwarding RADIUS, Diameter, or DHCP signaling between the SMF and the DN, or for forwarding End Marker packets from the SMF to a downstream UPF or NG-RAN.
[0064] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when the PFCP session is determined not to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF.
[0065] In an embodiment, the PFCP session may be determined not to be restored when the PFCP session is a low priority session.
[0066] Alternatively, the network node 500 may be configured to, when implementing a second NF, receive, from a first NF, a request for establishing a session, the request including an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.
[0067] In an embodiment, the first NF may include an SMF, the second NF may include a UPF, and the session may include a PFCP session.
[0068] In an embodiment, the indication may be included when a feature of SSET or a feature of MPAS is supported by the SMF and the UPF.
[0069] In an embodiment, the network node 500 is further configured to handle, based on failure of the SMF being detected, the PFCP session as if no SMF set feature is provided for the SMF.
[0070] In an embodiment, the operation of handling may include deleting the PFCP session without restoration using an SMF set associated with the SMF.
[0071] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and a hard drive. The computer program product includes a computer program. The computer program includes: code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing circuitry 520, configure the network node 500 to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 2 or 3.
[0072] The computer program product may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules. The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 2 or 3.
[0073] The processing circuitry may be a single CPU (Central Processing Unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processing circuitry may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and / or related chips sets and / or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) . The processing circuitry may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried in a computer program product connected to the processing circuitry. The computer program product may comprise a non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random Access Memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories.
[0074] The disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that various modifications, alternations and additions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirits and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure is not limited to the above particular embodiments but only defined by the claims as attached.
[0075] The present disclosure may further include possible changes to the current 3GPP TS 23.527, V19.0.0, as described below in the Appendix A, and possible changes to the current 3GPP TS 29.244, V18.7.0, as described below in the Appendix B, where strikethroughs indicate deleted text and underlines indicate added text.
[0076] Appendix A
[0077] 4.4.3.2 Failure of an SMF in a SMF set
[0078] When the MPAS or SSET procedure specified for SMF set in clause 5.22 of 3GPP TS 29.244 [4] ) is used, when the UPF detects that a peer PFCP entity in an SMF is not responsive for a preconfigured time, or upon being instructed by SMF (s) of the SMF set to move PFCP sessions, the UPF shall move the PFCP sessions that were served by the failed PFCP entity to another PFCP entity in the same SMF or another SMF, as specified in clause 5.22 of 3GPP TS 29.244 [4] and clause 4.7.3.
[0079] Figure 4.4.3.2-1 depicts an example call flow for a failure (without restart) of an SMF in an SMF set using the MPAS or SSET feature.
[0080] Figure 4.4.3.2-1: Failure (without restart) of an SMF in an SMF set using the MPAS or SSET feature (See Fig. 6)
[0081] 0. When using the MPAS feature, the SMFs of the SMF set establish PFCP associations with the UPF, including the SMF Set ID IE set to an FQDN representing the SMF Set and optionally Alternative SMF IP Address IE (s) of alternative PFCP entities in the same SMF or different SMFs of the SMF set.
[0082] When using the SSET feature, one SMF of the SMF set establishes one PFCP association with the UPF for the SMF set, optionally including Alternative SMF IP Address IE (s) of alternative PFCP entities in the same SMF or different SMFs of the SMF set. In this case, the UPF considers that the SMF1, SMF2 and SMF3 represent different PFCP entities.
[0083] The SMFs of the SMF set establish PFCP sessions in the UPF, optionally providing a FQ-CSID and / or a Group ID as described in clause 4.7.2. The SMF may also indicate to the UPF if the PFCP session shall be excluded from the restoration procedure as specified below, e.g. for a PFCP session established for transport Radius signaling between the SMF and the Radius server via the UPF.
[0084] 1. The SMF1 fails without restart.
[0085] 2. The SMFs of the SMF set may request the UPF to move group (s) of PFCP sessions, each identified by a FQ-CSID, Group ID or CP IP Address, to alternative SMF (s) of the SMF set.
[0086] 3. Upon being instructed by the SMFs to move PFCP sessions, or upon detecting that the SMF1 is not responsive, the UPF sends subsequent PFCP Session Report Request messages to the alternative SMFs of the SMF set, as specified in clause 5.22 of 3GPP TS 29.244 [4] and clause 4.7.3. The UPF sets the SEID field to zero in the PFCP header of the PFCP Session Report Request and includes the old CP F-SEID that was assigned by the previous SMF in the request.
[0087] Upon receiving such requests, the SMF takes over the control of the PFCP sessions from the previous SMF and sends PFCP Session Report Response messages including, for each PFCP session, the CP F-SEID IE with the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the new PFCP entity and the same or a modified SEID, and optionally including the N4-u F-TEID that the UPF shall use for sending data towards the new entity.
[0088] Alternatively (not depicted in the figure) , the SMF may redirect a PFCP Session Report Request to a different SMF of the same SMF set, either by rejecting the request with the cause "Redirection Requested" and with the IP address of the new entity to contact, or by forwarding the request to another PFCP entity pertaining to the same SMF or another SMF in the SMF set. In the former case, the UPF resends a PFCP Session Report Request to the new PFCP entity to contact. In the latter case, the new PFCP entity sends a PFCP Session Report Response including the CP F-SEID IE with the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the new PFCP entity and the same or a modified SEID, and optionally including the N4-u F-TEID that the UPF shall use for sending data towards the new entity.
[0089] When a UPF detects that none of the SMF of the SMF set is responsive for a preconfigured time, the UPF shall delete all the session contexts established by any SMF of the SMF set that it may have stored.
[0090] Appendix B
[0091] 7.5.2.1 General
[0092] The PFCP Session Establishment Request shall be sent over the Sxa, Sxb, Sxc, N4 and N4mb interface by the CP function to establish a new PFCP session context in the UP function.
[0093] Table 7.5.2.1-1: Information Elements in a PFCP Session Establishment Request
[0094] ******skipped for clarity******
[0095] 8.2.136 PFCPSEReq-Flags
[0096] The PFCPSEReq-Flags IE indicates flags applicable to the PFCP Session Establishment Request message. It is coded as depicted in Figure 8.2.136-1.
[0097] Figure 8.2.136-1: PFCPSEReq-Flags (See Fig. 7)
[0098] The following bits within Octet 5 shall indicate:
[0099] Bit 1 -RESTI (Restoration Indication) : if this bit is set to "1" , it indicates to the UP function that the PFCP session to be established is to restore an existing PFCP session.
[0100] Bit 2 -SUMPC (Stop of Usage Measurement to Pause Charging) : if this bit is set to "1" , it indicates that the UP function shall stop the usage measurement for all URRs with the "ASPOC" flag set to "1" .
[0101] Bit 3 -HRSBOM (HR-SBO Mode) : if this bit is set to "1" at the V-UPF acting as Local PSA in the VPLMN, it indicates that the PDU session is working in HR-SBO mode.
[0102] Bit 4 -EUPRI (Excluding from UPF initiated the PFCP session Restoration Indication) : if this bit is set to "1" , it indicates to the UPF that the PFCP session is excluded from the restoration for those PFCP sessions affected by an SMF failure if detected. i.e. the UPF shall delete the PFCP session as if the SMF set feature is not deployed. (See also clause 4.4.3 of 3GPP TS 23.527
[0040] . )
[0103] Bit 5 to 8 -Spare, for future use, shall be set to"0" by the sender and discarded by the receiver.
Claims
1.A method (200) in a first Network Function, NF, comprising:sending (210) a request for establishing a session to a second NF, the request including an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.2.The method (200) of claim 1, wherein the first NF comprises a Session Management Function, SMF, the second NF comprises a User Plane Function, UPF, and the session comprises a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol, PFCP, session.3.The method (200) of claim 2, wherein the indication is included when a feature of one PFCP association per SMF Set and UPF, SSET, or a feature of Multiple PFCP Associations to SMFs in SMF set, MPAS, is supported by the SMF and the UPF.4.The method (200) of claim 2 or 3, wherein the indication is included when the PFCP session does not support an SMF set or does not need to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF.5.The method (200) of claim 4, wherein the indication is included when the PFCP session is not tied to a Packet Data Unit, PDU, session and / or when the PFCP session is established to enable forwarding of packets between the SMF and a Data Network, DN.6.The method (200) of claim 5, wherein the indication is included when the PFCP session is used for forwarding Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RADIUS, Diameter, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP, signaling between the SMF and the DN, or for forwarding End Marker packets from the SMF to a downstream UPF or Next Generation Radio Access Network, NG-RAN.7.The method (200) of claim 2 or 3, wherein the indication is included when the PFCP session is determined not to be restored at an alternative SMF pertaining to a same SMF set as the SMF.8.The method (200) of claim 7, wherein the PFCP session is determined not to be restored when the PFCP session is a low priority session.9.A method (300) in a second Network Function, NF, comprising:receiving (310) , from a first NF, a request for establishing a session, the request including an indication that the session is to be excluded from restoration of sessions affected by failure of the first NF.10.The method (300) of claim 9, wherein the first NF comprises a Session Management Function, SMF, the second NF comprises a User Plane Function, UPF, and the session comprises a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol, PFCP, session.11.The method (300) of claim 10, wherein the indication is included when a feature of one PFCP association per SMF Set and UPF, SSET, or a feature of Multiple PFCP Associations to SMFs in SMF set, MPAS, is supported by the SMF and the UPF.12.The method (300) of claim 9 or 10, further comprising:handling, based on failure of the SMF being detected, the PFCP session as ifno SMF set feature is provided for the SMF.13.The method (300) of claim 12, wherein said handling comprises: deleting the PFCP session without restoration using an SMF set associated with the SMF.14.A network node (500) , comprising a communication interface (510) , a processing circuitry (520) , and a memory (530) , the network node (500) configured to, when implementing a first Network Function, NF, perform the method according to any of claims 1-8, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to any of claims 9-13.15.A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry of a network node, configure the network node to, when implementing a first Network Function, NF, perform the method according to any of claims 1-8, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to any of claims 9-13.16.A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry of a network node, configure the network node to, when implementing a first Network Function, NF, perform the method according to any of claims 1-8, or when implementing a second NF, perform the method according to any of claims 9-13.