Process for the preparation of a contaminated water sample and subsequent treatment of said contaminated water, and use of a kit

Abstract

The present disclosure falls within the technical scope of chemical samples obtained synthetically, the present disclosure having the purpose of preparing contaminated waters, more particularly, substances prepared together and suitable for the contamination of a volume of water, with a view to its subsequent treatment in a miniaturised water treatment system. This disclosure includes obtaining and treating synthetically contaminated waters, using different chemical reagents in order to control the preparation of contaminated waters that resemble contaminated natural or waste water in a real context and which may be treated by chemical and mechanical processes, for example in miniaturised treatment plants. The present disclosure comprises a process for preparing a contaminated water sample and subsequently treating said contaminated water. It also includes the use of a kit to prepare a sample of contaminated water for subsequent treatment.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SAMPLE OF CONTAMINATED WATER AND SUBSEQUENTLY TREATING THIS CONTAMINATED WATER, AND USING A KIT

[0003] DISSEMINATION AREA

[0004] This disclosure falls within the technical area of ​​synthetically obtained chemical samples, specifically concerning the preparation of contaminated water, with the aim of using substances prepared together and suitable for contaminating a volume of water, for subsequent treatment in a miniaturized water treatment system.

[0005] STATE OF THE ART

[0006] A water treatment plant (WTP) is a facility designed to purify contaminated water, making it suitable for human consumption or other uses, such as in industrial processes. The dimensions of a water treatment plant (WTP) can vary significantly depending on the treatment capacity and the needs of the area served, but they are generally large-scale facilities. A typical WTP can occupy several tens of thousands of square meters, with different areas dedicated to each stage of the treatment process.A water treatment plant (WTP) includes several water treatment processes, including the intake of raw water from natural sources, such as rivers or reservoirs, which goes through stages such as coagulation-flocculation, where suspended particles aggregate and are removed; sedimentation, to separate settleable solids; filtration, where the water passes through layers of sand, anthracite, or activated carbon to remove smaller particles; and disinfection, usually with chlorine or ozone, to eliminate microorganisms. After this treatment, the treated water can be stored and distributed for public supply.

[0007] In contrast, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a facility designed to remove contaminants from wastewater, ensuring that the treated effluent can be returned to the environment or reused. The dimensions of a WWTP vary according to treatment capacity and the needs of the community served, but, like water treatment plants, they are generally large and complex. A typical WWTP can occupy extensive areas, including different sectors dedicated to each phase of wastewater treatment. The treatment process involves several fundamental steps, such as wastewater intake, removal of large solids through screening and grit removal, chemical and biological water treatment, filtration, and water disinfection. Finally, after treatment, the water can be released into water bodies, meeting environmental standards, or reused for irrigation, industrial processes, and other applications.

[0008] Although the technology for these treatment plants is widely known and developed, there are no small-scale water treatment plants (WTPs) or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) – occupying a portion of a room, for example, treating quantities up to about 50 liters of water – that have adequate functional and laboratory performance.

[0009] In the state of the art, solutions are known that seek to simulate the operation of water treatment plants for educational purposes.

[0010] These solutions simulate the operation of treatment plants by including elements that, for example, are intended to represent contaminants, but which are not contaminants, consisting only of fictitious elements - such as small plastic spheres - with which they seek to demonstrate and simulate how treatment plants generally work in a basic learning context.

[0011] These systems are not functional and do not allow for effective water treatment, at least not beyond removing these fictitious elements from the water or demonstrating by other means how a water treatment plant would function. These plants do not allow for the framing of laboratory development, research, and development in the segmented reuse of sludge.

[0012] Therefore, they never come into contact with actually contaminated water, at least not beyond the simple filtration of water containing said fictitious elements, such as small plastic spheres with a diameter of around 5 mm.

[0013] Consequently, there are also no known solutions for preparing contaminated water in a laboratory or training environment that would allow for the preparation of a quantity of contaminated water to be treated in the aforementioned functional miniaturized treatment plants.

[0014] The solutions presented here enable the treatment of contaminated water using synthetic samples. This contaminated water can be treated in miniaturized and functional wastewater treatment plants, which in turn allow for the efficient treatment, testing, and control of innovative new models for contaminated water treatment within an environment of scientific development, research, learning, and reuse solutions.

[0015] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0016] This disclosure describes a process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water. The process comprises placing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water in a reservoir, mixing a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant into the volume of demineralized water, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of demineralized water, thus obtaining contaminated water, mixing a second mass of a reagent that is capable of reacting with the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or precipitation, and the second mass being such that i) the reagent reacts with all of the contaminant by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, resulting in a gravity-depositable product, and ii) is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of demineralized water.

[0017] The process may involve training individuals in the treatment of contaminated water.

[0018] Demineralized water can alternatively be distilled water, this distilled or demineralized water forming an initial water source.

[0019] The second mass can be such that it is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of initial water, thus obtaining treated water with respect to said contaminant.

[0020] The treated water can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, which include one or more oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, chemical precipitation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration processes.

[0021] The treated water can be sent to subsequent treatment stages in an automated manner, under the control of a human operator.

[0022] Treated water can be directed to subsequent treatment stages by opening a valve associated with the reservoir where the treated water is located, allowing the treated water to drain or be pumped to a second reservoir for further treatment in that second reservoir.

[0023] The process may involve the contaminant being disposed of in a container adjusted to the first mass, and each reagent being disposed of in a container adjusted to the second mass, the container adjusted to the first mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the first mass, and the container adjusted to the second mass being a unit-dose volume container adjusted to the second mass.

[0024] The process may comprise adding a third mass of at least one additional soluble contaminant to the treated water, the third mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of treated water, thus obtaining re-contaminated water; mixing in a fourth mass of an additional reagent capable of reacting with the additional contaminant in water, the reaction of the additional reagent with the additional contaminant being by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or precipitation; and the fourth mass being such that i) the additional reagent reacts with the entirety of the additional contaminant by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or chemical precipitation, resulting in a gravity-depositing product, and ii) is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of initial water, thus obtaining re-treated water with respect to said additional contaminant, wherein the re-treated water is directed to subsequent treatment steps, wherein the subsequent treatment steps include one or more oxidation, coagulation-flocculation,Chemical precipitation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration.

[0025] The process can be such that the contaminant and the reagent react by oxidation, the first mass of contaminant being between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 0.3 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water; the contaminant and the reagent react by coagulation-flocculation, the first mass of contaminant being between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 0.003 and 200 mg per liter of initial water; the contaminant and the reagent react by chemical precipitation, the first mass of contaminant being between 5 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 10 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water.The process may further comprise placing the first mass of at least one soluble contaminant and the volume of demineralized water in a reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a first predefined period of time, placing the second mass of a reagent that is capable of reacting with the contaminant in water in the reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a second predefined period of time, and waiting for the sedimentation of the reaction product between the contaminant and the reagent in the reservoir, by the action of gravity, for a predefined period.

[0026] The predefined sedimentation period can correspond to the time it takes for a contaminant in a first mass and a reagent in a second mass for the reaction between the two to be complete and result in the sedimentation of the product.

[0027] The activation of the rotating mixing media during a first predefined time period and / or the activation of the rotating mixing media during a second predefined time period may include rapid agitation between 100 and 250 rpm, moderate agitation between 30 and 99 rpm and / or slow agitation between 10 and 29 rpm.

[0028] The contaminant may consist of a metal, non-metal, silicate, and / or organic matter.

[0029] The reagent may be such that it reacts with the metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter contaminant by oxidation, chemical precipitation or coagulation-flocculation.

[0030] Additionally, the contaminant may consist of an iron compound or a manganese compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by oxidation; the contaminant may consist of a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, a zinc compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by chemical precipitation; or the contaminant may consist of a natural or synthetic dye, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by coagulation-flocculation.

[0031] Additionally,

[0032] - The contaminant may be an iron compound, optionally iron(II) sulfate, and the initial mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of

[0033] H2O2 between 3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0034] KMnCu between 9 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0035] Chlorine or its derivatives between 6 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0036] - The contaminant may be a manganese compound, optionally manganese(II) sulfate, and the initial mass may be between 1 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of

[0037] H2O2 between 0.3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0038] O2 between 2 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0039] Chlorine or its derivatives between 1 and 4,500 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0040] - the contaminant may be a phosphorus compound, optionally potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the first mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of a calcium compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 10 and 1,300 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water,

[0041] - the contaminant may be a copper compound, optionally copper(II) sulfate, and the first mass may be between 5 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the copper compound in the water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide,

[0042] - the contaminant may be a zinc compound, optionally zinc(II) sulfate, and the first mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the zinc compound in the water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, or

[0043] - The contaminant may be a natural or synthetic dye, and the first mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of a calcium compound between 0.003 and 0.3 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 0.4 and 50 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 2 and 200 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0044] This disclosure further includes a sludge resulting from the sedimentation of the reaction product of the process described in this disclosure.

[0045] This disclosure further includes the use of a kit in the preparation of a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment, the kit comprising a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of demineralized water, and a second mass of a reagent that is capable of reacting with all of the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, and the second mass being between 0.3 and 4.500 mg per liter of demineralized water, wherein the use of the kit includes the preparation of a contaminated water sample by mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water with the first mass of a contaminant soluble in the volume of demineralized water, and the treatment of the contaminated water sample by mixing a second corresponding mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in demineralized water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation.

[0046] According to the use of this disclosure, each contaminant may be disposed of in a container suitable for the first mass and each reagent is disposed of in a container suitable for the second mass, optionally the container suitable for the first mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the first mass and the container suitable for the second mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the second mass.

[0047] The use of the kit may include the preparation of a contaminated water sample by mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water with the first mass of a contaminant soluble in the volume of demineralized water, mixing the entirety of the first mass contained in the container with the demineralized water, and the treatment of the contaminated water sample by mixing a corresponding second mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in demineralized water, reacting completely with the first mass contained in the container with the contaminated water.

[0048] According to the use of this disclosure, the contaminant may consist of a metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter, optionally the reagent being such that it reacts with the metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter contaminant by oxidation, chemical precipitation or coagulation-flocculation.

[0049] Additionally, the contaminant may consist of an iron compound or a manganese compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by oxidation; the contaminant may consist of a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, a zinc compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by chemical precipitation; or the contaminant may consist of a natural or synthetic dye, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by coagulation-flocculation. According to the use of this disclosure, the contaminant may be an iron compound, optionally iron(II) sulfate, and the first mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of...

[0050] H2O2 between 3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0051] KMnCu between 9 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0052] Chlorine or its derivatives between 6 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water; the contaminant may be a manganese compound, optionally manganese(II) sulfate, and the first mass may be between 1 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of

[0053] H2O2 between 0.3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0054] O2 between 2 mg and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0055] Chlorine or its derivatives between 1 and 4,500 mg per liter of demineralized water; the contaminant may be a phosphorus compound, optionally potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the first mass may be between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of a calcium compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 10 and 1,300 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water; the contaminant may be a copper compound, optionally copper(II) sulfate, and the first mass may be between 5 and 1.000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent may consist of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the copper compound in the water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the contaminant is a zinc compound, optionally zinc(II) sulfate, and the first mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent consists of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the zinc compound in the water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the contaminant is a natural or synthetic dye, and the first mass is between 10 and 1.000 mg per liter of demineralized water, and the corresponding reagent consists of a calcium compound between 0.003 and 0.3 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 0.4 and 50 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 2 and 200 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0056] This disclosure further includes a kit for preparing a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment, the kit comprising a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water, a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of demineralized water, and a second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with all of the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, and the second mass being between 0.3 and 4,500 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0057] According to the kit of this disclosure, each contaminant may be disposed of in a container adjustable to the first mass and each reagent is disposed of in a container adjustable to the second mass, optionally the container adjustable to the first mass being a single-dose volume container suitable for the first mass and the container adjustable to the second mass being a single-dose volume container suitable for the second mass.

[0058] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0059] Figure 1 - representation of the method of the present disclosure. Demineralized water (50) is provided in a reservoir (10) and then a soluble contaminant (51) is mixed with the demineralized water (20). A reagent (52) capable of reacting with the contaminant (51) in water by chemical oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation is then mixed in (30), creating a precipitate that settles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] This disclosure covers the production and treatment of synthetically contaminated water using different chemical reagents, in order to control the preparation of contaminated water that resembles contaminated natural or wastewater in a real-world context, and which can be treated by chemical and mechanical processes, for example in miniaturized treatment plants.

[0061] This disclosure covers a process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water.

[0062] It also includes the use of a kit in the preparation of a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment.

[0063] For the preparation of contaminated water, a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized or distilled water is placed in a reservoir. The use of initial demineralized or distilled water allows the treatment reaction to be known and thus controllable, since the amount of contaminant to be added is known, consisting exclusively of the soluble contaminant to be added. The use of non-demineralized or non-distilled water would result in the need for prior measurement of chemical parameters of the non-demineralized or non-distilled water, which is thus dispensed with. Additionally, and since the process of this disclosure is for educational purposes, i.e., the water is contaminated for subsequent treatment, it is important to know which contaminant is present and its quantity. This knowledge allows the use of single-dose containers containing the amount of contaminant and the corresponding amount of reagent to be used.

[0064] The volume of demineralized water can be found between 5 and 10 L, optionally 5-7 L.

[0065] The first mass of at least one soluble contaminant is thus mixed into the volume of demineralized water, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of demineralized water, thus obtaining contaminated water.

[0066] The contaminant may consist of a metal (e.g., manganese), non-metal (e.g., phosphorus), silicate (e.g., diatomaceous earth), and / or organic matter (e.g., tannic acid). Some initial parameters of the contaminant mixture with demineralized water can be quantified before treatment begins, such as pH, conductivity, color, turbidity, and the analytical quantity of contaminants added to the water.

[0067] Considering the scientific, research, and learning applications of this disclosure, the contaminated water is then treated by reacting it with a reagent corresponding to the contaminant. A second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with the contaminant in water is thus added. The reaction of the reagent with the contaminant is oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or chemical precipitation, and the second mass is such that i) the reagent reacts with all of the contaminant by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or chemical precipitation, resulting in a product that can be deposited by gravity, and ii) it is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of demineralized water.

[0068] The reaction of the reagent with the entirety of the contaminant through oxidation, chemical precipitation, or coagulation-flocculation is such that substantially the entire mass of contaminant present in the water reacts with substantially the entire mass of reagent added, resulting in a complete reaction. Both the contaminant and the reagent are consumed in the reaction.

[0069] In the context of this disclosure, the reference to the contaminant reacting "entirely" or substantially "entirely" with the reagent should be understood as indicating that the contaminant reacts substantially completely with the reagent under the specified reaction conditions. It is important to note that this terminology does not necessarily imply that absolutely all of the contaminant or reagent is consumed in the reaction. Small residual amounts of one or both of the contaminant and reagent may remain unreacted due to, for example, equilibrium effects, side reactions, or practical limitations of the reaction conditions. The expression "reacts entirely" should therefore be interpreted as encompassing reactions in which the contaminant is converted to the intended reaction product to a degree that is complete or substantially complete for the purposes of this disclosure.

[0070] The contaminant can react with one or more reagents through oxidation, chemical precipitation, or coagulation-flocculation. To consume all the contaminant present in the water in a complete reaction—treating the water for that contaminant—one reagent, two reagents, or more than two reagents may be added.

[0071] The reaction of the reagent with the contaminant in the context of this disclosure may, as mentioned, be a chemical oxidation reaction, a chemical precipitation reaction, or a coagulation-flocculation reaction.

[0072] Chemical oxidation and chemical precipitation reactions involve chemical reactions between a contaminant and a reactant, which react completely to generate a product. This product, as described, settles, thus making it possible to separate the contaminant from the treated water.

[0073] The coagulation-flocculation reaction involves a process widely used in water treatment to remove colloidal particles, that is, particles too small to settle, promoting the agglomeration of these colloidal particles, giving rise to microflocs and the subsequent union of these microflocs, forming larger flocs that are already heavy enough to settle in water.

[0074] The process described in this disclosure may comprise placing the first mass of at least one soluble contaminant and the volume of demineralized water in a reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a first predefined period of time, placing the second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with the contaminant in water in the reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a second predefined period of time, and waiting for the sedimentation of the reaction product between the contaminant and the reagent in the reservoir, by the action of gravity, for a predefined period.

[0075] The activation of the rotating mixing media during a first predefined time period and / or the activation of the rotating mixing media during a second predefined time period may include rapid agitation between 100 and 250 rpm, moderate agitation between 30 and 99 rpm and / or slow agitation between 10 and 29 rpm.

[0076] Agitation can therefore be rapid, moderate or slow, to i) in the case of preparing contaminated water, uniformly mix the contaminant in the demineralized water, and / or ii) in the case of treating contaminated water in order to promote the formation and growth of flocs resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and a corresponding reagent.

[0077] These steps last for periods ranging from 1 to 60 minutes.

[0078] Other compounds that aid in floc growth, such as flocculants, may be added.

[0079] When agitation is turned off, the flocs settle to the bottom of the tank as sludge, which can then be removed and reused for another purpose.

[0080] The sedimentation time can be longer than 15 minutes. The predefined sedimentation period can correspond to the time it takes for a contaminant in a first mass and a reagent in a second mass for the reaction between the two to be complete and result in the sedimentation of the product.

[0081] This disclosure includes the use of a kit for preparing a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment. The kit comprises a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of demineralized water, and a second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with all of the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or chemical precipitation, and the second mass being between 0.3 and 4,500 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0082] The kit presented here allows for the preparation of a contaminated water sample by mixing the contaminant with a demineralized water sample, and the subsequent treatment of this contaminated water by mixing it with a reagent. This solution allows for the rapid and controllable creation of contaminated water, as well as the control of its treatment, enabling the performance of scientific, research, learning, or reuse experiments.

[0083] The use of the kit includes the preparation of a contaminated water sample by: mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water with the first mass of a contaminant soluble in the volume of demineralized water, and the treatment of the contaminated water sample by: mixing a corresponding second mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in demineralized water, reacting completely with the first mass contained in the demineralized water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation.

[0084] Each contaminant is placed in a container adjustable to the first mass, and each reagent is placed in a container adjustable to the second mass; optionally, the container adjustable to the first mass is a single-dose volume container suitable for the first mass, and the container adjustable to the second mass is a single-dose volume container suitable for the second mass.

[0085] For the purposes of this disclosure, the mixture is transferred from each single-dose container to either demineralized water or contaminated water. That is, the use of the kit includes preparing a contaminated water sample by mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized water with the first mass of a contaminant soluble in that volume of demineralized water, mixing the entirety of the first mass contained in the container with the demineralized water, and treating the contaminated water sample by mixing a corresponding second mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in demineralized water, the second mass reacting completely with the first mass contained in the container with the contaminated water.

[0086] Each oxidation, chemical precipitation, or coagulation-flocculation reaction between a contaminant and a reagent, as described in this disclosure, results in treated water – if each contaminant added to the water has reacted with a reagent in a complete reaction – or pre-treated water – if some of the added contaminants remain in the water, but another of the added contaminants has already reacted with a reagent in a complete reaction. In addition to pre-treated or treated water, sludge is produced, the product resulting from the reaction after sedimentation.

[0087] Pre-treated / treated water is sent for reuse in accordance with the parameters and standards for its intended purpose. Sludge is thus separated from pre-treated / treated water, and can be reused, individually or in combination, for multiple purposes in a context of use and experimentation without compromising safety in the learning, development and research environment.

[0088] This disclosure also includes a sludge resulting from the sedimentation of the reaction product of the process described herein. As it results from a controllable reaction – as defined in this disclosure – that is, the reaction of a well-identified contaminant in a known mass with a well-identified reagent in a similarly known mass, in complete reaction, the sludge resulting from the process described herein exhibits superior purity and quality compared to sludge obtained from wastewater treatment processes, offering additional advantageous uses, namely the aforementioned multiple applications.

[0089] After separation, the sludges can be filtered and dried individually. Some examples of reuse include their use as chemical reagents in laboratories and the preparation of water for irrigation, depending on the composition of the sludges.

[0090] Sludges formed according to the present disclosure, when mixed in a specific proportion, allow the preparation of an aqueous solution that can be used in the water systems of major irrigation projects, presenting clear benefits in some circumstances for both the agricultural system and the environment. For this purpose, each sludge sample must be individually filtered using fast filter paper and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, each sludge sample should be stored in an appropriate container.

[0091] As a mere example, consider the procedure for preparing 10 L of a suitable aqueous solution for irrigation. Each of the stored sludge samples should be weighed in the quantity indicated below:

[0092] - 0.10 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 1 containing iron

[0093] - 0.16 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 2 containing manganese

[0094] - 0.20 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 3 containing phosphorus and calcium - 0.14 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 3 containing phosphorus and iron

[0095] - 0.90 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 3 containing phosphorus and aluminum

[0096] - 0.08 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 4 containing copper

[0097] - 0.15 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 5 containing zinc

[0098] - 0.03 g of sludge resulting from contaminated water 6 containing a natural or synthetic dye.

[0099] After adding all the compounds to the water, the pH must be adjusted with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). This way, the water is ready to be used for irrigation.

[0100] With the reuse of sludge as described in this disclosure, instead of producing compounds for a specific activity (for example, producing fertilizer from raw materials, which consumes energy, oxygen, and natural resources), reuse allows, in addition to directing the sludge to these additional functions (such as fertilizers), the production of O2, which is beneficial to the environment, and associated with renewable energies, the consumption of O2 is almost zero, that is, it favors the reduction of CO2.

[0101] The sludge obtained according to this disclosure can also be reused for research and development, including studies of water treatment itself, in addition to being highly beneficial for many measurable or non-measurable industrial activities.

[0102] CHEMICAL OXIDATION

[0103] The contaminant may be such that it is removable from the contaminated water by chemical oxidation. In this case, the reagent is such that it reacts with the contaminant by chemical oxidation. In the case of a contaminant removable from water by chemical oxidation, this may include an iron compound or a manganese compound.

[0104] In the case of a water contaminant removable by chemical oxidation that may include an iron compound or a manganese compound, the reagent may include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), oxygen (O2), or a chlorine compound (Cl) or its derivatives. Sample 1

[0105] The contaminant may specifically include an iron compound. The iron compound is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 10 to 1000 mg / L of the iron compound in demineralized water, optionally 20 to 80 mg / L.

[0106] The iron compound may include or consist of iron(II) sulfate.

[0107] Mixing iron(II) sulfate with demineralized water results in contaminated water. The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of an iron compound with demineralized water can be called Sample 1.

[0108] Water treatment for the removal of iron compounds is carried out by chemical oxidation. Therefore, the reagent used consists of one or more reagents that react by chemical oxidation with the iron compound in water. One or more oxidizing chemical reagents may be used, individually or simultaneously.

[0109] The reagent may include

[0110] H2O2 between 3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0111] KMnCu between 9 and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0112] Chlorine or its derivatives between 6 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0113] Table 1 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of iron(II) sulfate contaminant with different reagents.

[0114] The treated water resulting from this process can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, just as in large-scale water treatment plants. The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge.

[0115] The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 1 may be composed of Fe(OH)3. This sludge can be reused for other purposes. To do so, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse, as it is a compound that can be used in chemical reactions in laboratories in a didactic context.

[0116] Some examples of reuse:

[0117] Example 1: Study of acid-base reactions. Fe(OH)3 is a weak base and reacts with acid to form water and a salt. For example, HCl can be added to this solid to observe the dissolution of the precipitate and the formation of FeCu (salt).

[0118] Example 2: heating the dried mud in an oven between 200 and 400 gC to give rise to FejOs, a catalyst used in various chemical reactions, such as the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). As a catalyst, Fe2Ü3 will not be consumed by H2O2, but will accelerate its decomposition and the formation of oxygen, observed by the formation of bubbles.

[0119] Example 3: Fe2O3 is commonly used in the manufacture of ceramic materials and glass. In a didactic context, it can be used in experiments that demonstrate the manufacturing process of colored ceramics and glass.

[0120] Sample 2

[0121] The contaminant could specifically include a manganese compound. The manganese compound is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 1 to 1000 mg / L of the manganese compound in demineralized water, optionally 10 to 50 mg / L.

[0122] The manganese compound may include or consist of manganese(II) sulfate.

[0123] Mixing manganese(II) sulfate with demineralized water results in contaminated water.

[0124] The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of a manganese compound with demineralized water can be called Sample 2. The water treatment for removing the manganese compound is carried out by chemical oxidation. Thus, the reagent to be used consists of one or more reagents that react by chemical oxidation with the manganese compound in water. One or more oxidizing chemical reagents can be used, individually or simultaneously.

[0125] The reagent may include

[0126] H2O2 between 0.3 and 600 mg per liter of demineralized water

[0127] O2 between 2 mg and 1,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, or

[0128] Chlorine or its derivatives between 1 and 4,500 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0129] For the removal of manganese by chemical oxidation, one or more oxidizing chemical reagents can be added, individually or simultaneously, such as H2O2 (range between 0.3 and 600 mg H2O2 / L), O2 (range between 2 mg / L and 1 g / L O2), chlorine and its derivatives (range between 1 mg / L and 4.5 g / L Cl2).

[0130] Table 2 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of manganese(II) sulfate contaminant with different reagents.

[0131] The treated water resulting from this process can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, just as in large-scale wastewater treatment plants.

[0132] The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge. The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 2 may be composed of MnO. z This sludge can be reused for other purposes. To do so, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper and then dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse, as it is a compound that can be used in chemical reactions in laboratories in the context of learning, research and development.

[0133] An example of reuse:

[0134] Example: MnO z MnO can be used in ceramic and glass production processes as a pigment, especially to generate shades of brown and black. In a didactic context for the study of materials, MnO zIt can be added to ceramic clay and heated to high temperatures, above 1000 °C, in a suitable casting furnace. Different proportions of MnO z result in color variations.

[0135] The contaminant may be such that it is removable from contaminated water by chemical precipitation. In this case, the reagent is such that it reacts with the contaminant by chemical precipitation. In the case of a contaminant removable from water by chemical precipitation, this may include a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, or a zinc compound.

[0136] In the case of a water contaminant removable by chemical precipitation that may include a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, or a zinc compound, the reagent may include a calcium, aluminum, or iron compound, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) z ) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

[0137] Sample 3

[0138] The contaminant may specifically include a phosphorus compound. The phosphorus compound is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 10 to 1000 mg / L of the phosphorus compound in demineralized water, optionally 20 to 80 mg / L.

[0139] The phosphorus compound may include or consist of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Mixing dipotassium hydrogen phosphate with demineralized water results in contaminated water. The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of a phosphorus compound with demineralized water can be called Sample 3.

[0140] Water treatment for the removal of phosphorus compounds is carried out by chemical precipitation. Therefore, the reagent used consists of one or more reagents that react by chemical precipitation with the phosphorus compound in water. One or more chemical reagents that cause chemical precipitation may be used, individually or simultaneously, and / or process adjuvants.

[0141] The reagent may include a calcium compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 10 and 1,300 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0142] Table 3 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate contaminant with different reagents.

[0143] The treated water resulting from this process can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as coagulation-flocculation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, just as in large-scale wastewater treatment plants.

[0144] The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge. The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 3 can be composed of hydroxyapatite (CasOHIPCUh), iron phosphate (FePCU), or aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), depending on the precipitating agent used to treat the water. This sludge can be reused for other purposes. To do so, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse, as it is a compound that can be used in chemical reactions in laboratories in the context of learning, research, and development.

[0145] An example of reuse:

[0146] Example: Hydroxyapatite (CasOHIPO^s) is a material that can be used in adsorption studies, such as in the removal of heavy metals like Pb. 2+(lead), in water. In this type of study, tests can be carried out with different quantities of the material and different contact times, to determine the difference in the efficiency of lead adsorption.

[0147] Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) and iron phosphate (FePCU) precipitates can be used to perform solubility experiments and determine the Ksp (solubility product). For this, in addition to the precipitates, acids and bases are needed, as well as a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of the metals. The precipitates should be mixed with distilled water, and the concentration of dissolved metals should be evaluated at different pH values.

[0148] Sample 4

[0149] The contaminant may specifically include a copper compound. The copper compound is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 5 to 1000 mg / L of the copper compound in demineralized water, optionally 100 to 300 mg / L.

[0150] The copper compound may include or consist of copper(II) sulfate.

[0151] Mixing copper(II) sulfate with demineralized water results in contaminated water. The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of a copper compound with demineralized water can be called Sample 4.

[0152] Water treatment to remove the copper compound is carried out by chemical precipitation.

[0153] Thus, the reagent to be used consists of one or more reagents that react by chemical precipitation with the copper compound in water. One or more chemical reagents that cause chemical precipitation may be used, individually or simultaneously, and / or as adjuvants in the process.

[0154] The reagent may include an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the copper compound—such as copper(II) sulfate—in water, it raises the overall pH to 7 to 13.

[0155] The reagent may include or consist of calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

[0156] Table 4 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of copper(II) sulfate contaminant with different reagents.

[0157] The treated water resulting from this process can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, just as in large-scale wastewater treatment plants.

[0158] The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge.

[0159] The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 4 may be composed of Cu(OH)2. To do this, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse, as it is a compound that can be used in chemical reactions in laboratories in the context of learning, research, and development.

[0160] An example of reuse: Example: Cu(OH) z It can be used to synthesize and study the formation of complexes. The addition of a concentrated ammonia (NH3) solution to the Cu(OH) precipitate z This causes it to dissolve, forming the soluble tetraamminecopper(II) complex.

[0161] Sample 5

[0162] The contaminant may specifically include a zinc compound. The zinc compound is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 5 to 1000 mg / L of the copper compound in demineralized water, optionally 100 to 300 mg / L.

[0163] The copper compound may include or consist of zinc(II) sulfate.

[0164] Mixing zinc(II) sulfate with demineralized water results in contaminated water. The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of a zinc compound with demineralized water can be called Sample 5.

[0165] Water treatment for the removal of zinc compounds is carried out by chemical precipitation. Therefore, the reagent used consists of one or more reagents that react by chemical precipitation with the zinc compound in water. One or more chemical reagents that cause chemical precipitation may be used, individually or simultaneously, and / or process adjuvants.

[0166] The reagent may include an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the zinc compound—such as zinc(II) sulfate—in water, it raises the overall pH to 7 to 13.

[0167] The reagent may include or consist of calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

[0168] Table 5 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of zinc(II) sulfate contaminant with different reagents. The treated water resulting from this treatment can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as coagulation-flocculation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, as in large-scale wastewater treatment plants.

[0169] The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge.

[0170] The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 5 can be composed of Zn(OH)2. For this, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper, and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse, as it is a compound that can be used in chemical reactions in laboratories in the context of learning, research and development.

[0171] An example of reuse:

[0172] Example: Zn(OH) z It can be used to synthesize and study the formation of complexes. The addition of a concentrated ammonia (NH3) solution to the Zn(OH)2 precipitate causes it to dissolve, forming the soluble tetraamminezinc(II) complex. These precipitates can also be redissolved in an acidic medium and reused to perform the same experiments that gave rise to the initial slurries.

[0173] The contaminant may be such that it is removable from the contaminated water by coagulation-flocculation. In this case, the reagent is such that it reacts with the contaminant by coagulation-flocculation. In the case of a contaminant removable from water by coagulation-flocculation, this may include a natural or synthetic dye.

[0174] Sample 6

[0175] The contaminant may specifically include a natural dye. The natural dye is present in an amount corresponding to the volume of water, defining a concentration of 10 to 1000 mg / L of the compound in demineralized water, optionally 100 to 300 mg / L. - TI -

[0176] Mixing natural dye with demineralized water results in contaminated water. The mixture can be made using rapid agitation. A mixture of a natural dye with demineralized water can be called Sample 6.

[0177] Water treatment for the removal of natural dye is carried out by coagulation-flocculation. Therefore, the reagent to be used consists of one or more reagents that, through coagulation-flocculation, can remove the natural dye from water. One or more chemical reagents that cause coagulation-flocculation may be used, i.e., coagulants or flocculants, individually or simultaneously, and / or flocculation aids.

[0178] The reagent may include a calcium compound between 0.003 and 0.3 mg per liter of demineralized water, an aluminum compound between 0.4 and 50 mg per liter of demineralized water, or an iron compound between 2 and 200 mg per liter of demineralized water.

[0179] Chemical reagents that act as flocculants, e.g., natural or synthetic polyelectrolytes, and / or flocculation aids, such as clays, can be added to the mixture of the reagent with the contaminant in water.

[0180] Table 6 - Examples of water volumes and contaminant and reagent masses for the reaction of the natural dye contaminant with different reagents.

[0181] The treated water resulting from this process can be sent to subsequent treatment stages, such as chemical oxidation, chemical precipitation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration. It is also possible to measure again the same physicochemical parameters quantified before treatment and evaluate the improvement in water quality, just as in large-scale water treatment plants. The product resulting from the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent, after sedimentation, is a sludge.

[0182] The sludge produced through the treatment of contaminated water 6 can be composed of natural dye. To do this, the sludge must be filtered using fast filter paper, and subsequently dried in an oven at 105 °C for at least 4 hours. After drying, the sludge should be stored in an appropriate container for future reuse; it can be used in learning, research, and development contexts.

[0183] This mud, being a natural compound whose exact formulas and chemical composition are not fully understood, requires research, testing, and development that differs from the other samples presented in this publication, yielding scattered results. Due to the nature of the process, it is not possible to present all of them.

[0184] As is clear to an expert in the field, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details contained herein, and various changes are possible, such changes remaining within the terms of this disclosure and the attached claims.

[0185] Naturally, the specific details of this disclosure can be combined in various possible ways, avoiding the repetition of all such combinations.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating this contaminated water to form individuals in the treatment of contaminated water, the process comprising placing a volume of 4 to 50 L of demineralized or distilled water in a reservoir, forming an initial water, mixing a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant in the initial water volume, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of initial water, thus obtaining contaminated water, mixing a second mass of a reagent that is capable of reacting with the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or precipitation, and the second mass being such that i) the reagent reacts with the entirety of the contaminant by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, resulting in a product that is depositable by gravity, and ii) is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of initial water.thus obtaining treated water with respect to said contaminant, wherein the treated water is sent to subsequent treatment stages, in which the subsequent treatment stages include one or more oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, chemical precipitation, granular filtration and membrane filtration.

2. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to claim 1, wherein the treated water is sent to subsequent treatment stages in an automated manner, under the control of a human operator.

3. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to claim 2, wherein the treated water is directed to subsequent treatment stages by opening a valve associated with the reservoir in which the treated water is located, and allowing the treated water to drain or be pumped to a second reservoir for further treatment in that second reservoir.

4. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any of the preceding claims, the process comprising that the contaminant is placed in a container fitted to the first mass and Each reagent is arranged in a container fitted to the second mass, the container fitted to the first mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the first mass, and the container fitted to the second mass being a unit-dose volume container fitted to the second mass.

5. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any of the preceding claims, the process comprising adding a third mass of at least one additional soluble contaminant to the treated water, the third mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of treated water, thus obtaining water that is again contaminated, mixing in a fourth mass of an additional reagent that is capable of reacting with the additional contaminant in water, the reaction of the additional reagent with the additional contaminant being by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or precipitation, and the fourth mass being such that i) the additional reagent reacts with the entirety of the additional contaminant by oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, resulting in a gravity-depositable product, and ii) is between 0.003 mg and 4.5 g per liter of initial water, thus obtaining water that is again treated with respect to said additional contaminant.where the retreated water is sent to subsequent treatment stages, which include one or more oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, chemical precipitation, granular filtration, and membrane filtration.

6. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any of the preceding claims, the process further comprising placing the first mass of at least one soluble contaminant and the initial volume of water in a reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a first predefined period of time, placing the second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with the contaminant in water in the reservoir, activating rotating mixing means arranged inside the reservoir for a second predefined period of time, and allowing the product of the reaction between the contaminant and the reagent to settle in the reservoir, by gravity, for a predefined period.

7. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to the previous claim, wherein a predefined sedimentation period may correspond to the time that, for a contaminant in a first mass and a reagent in a second mass, the reaction between the two is complete and results in the sedimentation of the product.

8. Process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any one of claims 5-7 wherein the activation of the rotating mixing media during a first predefined time period and / or the activation of the rotating mixing media during a second predefined time period includes rapid agitation between 100 and 250 rpm, moderate agitation between 30 and 99 rpm and / or slow agitation between 10 and 29 rpm.

9. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the contaminant consists of a metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter.

10. Process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to the previous claim, wherein the reagent is such that it reacts with the metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter contaminant by oxidation, chemical precipitation or coagulation-flocculation.

11. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the contaminant and the reagent react by oxidation, the first mass of contaminant being between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 0.3 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water; or the contaminant and the reagent react by coagulation-flocculation, the first mass of contaminant being between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 0.003 and 200 mg per liter of initial water. The contaminant and the reagent react by chemical precipitation, with the first mass of contaminant being between 5 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water and the corresponding second mass of reagent being between 10 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water.

12. Process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water according to the preceding claim wherein the contaminant consists of an iron compound or a manganese compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by oxidation, the contaminant consists of a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, a zinc compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by chemical precipitation, or the contaminant consists of a natural or synthetic dye, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by coagulation-flocculation.

13. A process for preparing a sample of contaminated water and subsequently treating that contaminated water in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein The contaminant is an iron compound, optionally iron(II) sulfate, and the initial mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of... H2O2 between 3 and 600 mg per liter of initial water, KMnCu between 9 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, or Chlorine or its derivatives between 6 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water. The contaminant is a manganese compound, optionally manganese(II) sulfate, and the initial mass is between 1 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of... H2O2 between 0.3 and 600 mg per liter of initial water, O2 between 2 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, or Chlorine or its derivatives between 1 and 4,500 mg per liter of initial water. - the contaminant is a phosphorus compound, optionally potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the initial mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of a calcium compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water or an aluminum compound between 10 and 1,300 mg per liter of initial water, or an iron compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water, - the contaminant is a copper compound, optionally copper(II) sulfate, and the initial mass is between 5 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the copper compound in water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, - the contaminant is a zinc compound, optionally zinc(II) sulfate, and the initial mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the zinc compound in water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, or - the contaminant is a natural or synthetic dye, and the first mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of a calcium compound between 0.003 and 0.3 mg per liter of initial water, an aluminum compound between 0.4 and 50 mg per liter of initial water, or an iron compound between 2 and 200 mg per liter of initial water.

14. Use of a kit in the preparation of a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment, the kit comprising a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of initial water, the initial water consisting of demineralized or distilled water, and a second mass of a reagent capable of reacting with all of the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, and the second mass being between 0.3 and 4,500 mg per liter of initial water, wherein the use of the kit includes the preparation of a contaminated water sample by mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of initial water with the first mass of a soluble contaminant in the initial water volume, and the treatment of the contaminated water sample by... Mixing a corresponding second mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in initial water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, or chemical precipitation.

15. Use according to the preceding claim wherein each contaminant is disposed in a container adjustable to the first mass and each reagent is disposed in a container adjustable to the second mass, optionally the container adjustable to the first mass being a single-dose volume container suitable for the first mass and the container adjustable to the second mass being a single-dose volume container suitable for the second mass, and wherein the use of the kit includes the preparation of a contaminated water sample by mixing a volume of 4 to 50 L of initial water with the first mass of a soluble contaminant, the entirety of the first mass contained in the container with the initial water, and the treatment of the contaminated water sample by mixing a corresponding second mass of a reagent that reacts with the contaminant in the initial water, reacting in its entirety with the first mass contained in the container with the contaminated water.

16. Use according to any of claims 14-15 wherein the contaminant consists of a metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter, optionally the reagent being such that it reacts with the metal, non-metal, silicate and / or organic matter contaminant by oxidation, chemical precipitation or coagulation-flocculation and, optionally, the contaminant consists of an iron compound or a manganese compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by oxidation, the contaminant consists of a phosphorus compound, a copper compound, a zinc compound, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by chemical precipitation, or the contaminant consists of a natural or synthetic dye, the corresponding reagent reacting with the contaminant by coagulation-flocculation.

17. Use in accordance with the preceding claim wherein The contaminant is an iron compound, optionally iron(II) sulfate, and the initial mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of H2O2 between 3 and 600 mg per liter of initial water KMnCu between 9 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, or Chlorine or its derivatives between 6 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water, the contaminant is a manganese compound, optionally manganese(II) sulfate, and the first mass is between 1 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of H2O2 between 0.3 and 600 mg per liter of initial water O2 between 2 mg and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, or Chlorine or its derivatives between 1 and 4,500 mg per liter of initial water; the contaminant is a phosphorus compound, optionally potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the first mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of a calcium compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water, an aluminum compound between 10 and 1,300 mg per liter of initial water, or an iron compound between 20 and 2,000 mg per liter of initial water; the contaminant is a copper compound, optionally copper(II) sulfate, and the first mass is between 5 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the copper compound in the water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide; the contaminant is a compound of zinc, optionally zinc(II) sulfate, and the first mass is between 10 and 1.000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of an alkaline substance with a mass such that, when mixed with the zinc compound in water, it raises the total pH to 7 to 13, wherein the alkaline substance optionally consists of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the contaminant is a natural or synthetic dye, and the first mass is between 10 and 1,000 mg per liter of initial water, and the corresponding reagent consists of a calcium compound between 0.003 and 0.3 mg per liter of initial water, an aluminum compound between 0.4 and 50 mg per liter of initial water, or an iron compound between 2 and 200 mg per liter of initial water.

18. Kit for preparing a contaminated water sample for subsequent treatment, the kit comprising a volume of 4 to 50 L of initial water, the initial water consisting of demineralized or distilled water, a first mass of at least one soluble contaminant, the first mass being between 1 mg and 1 g per liter of initial water, and a second mass of a reagent that is capable of reacting with all of the contaminant in water, the reaction of the reagent with the contaminant being oxidation, coagulation-flocculation or chemical precipitation, and the second mass being between 0.3 and 4,500 mg per liter of initial water.

19. Kit according to the preceding claim wherein each contaminant is disposed in a container adjustable to the first mass and each reagent is disposed in a container adjustable to the second mass, optionally the container adjustable to the first mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the first mass and the container adjustable to the second mass being a unit-dose volume container suitable for the second mass.

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