Method of 3D printing a geometrically complex construction product

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction materials industry, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing hollow geometrically complex construction products, the surface of which may be inclined at an angle of up to 180° relative to the vertical axis, which is performed by layered extrusion (3D printing). The technical result of the invention is that of preventing the buckling of a construction product. A method of 3D printing a hollow geometrically complex construction product in an open container comprises the following steps: a) applying a layer of a concrete mixture in a 3D printing process for forming a wall of a final product; b) filling with a ground plastic material the cavity formed by the inner surfaces of the concrete mixture layer, and / or the cavity formed between the outer surface of the concrete mixture layer and the inner surface of the open container; c) repeating steps a)-b) until the final product reaches the desired height; d) removing the ground plastic material from the cavities once the concrete mixture has hardened.

Description

[0001] A method for 3D printing of a building product with a complex geometric shape

[0002] AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0003] The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to a method for producing hollow building products of complex geometric shapes, the surface of which can be inclined at an angle of up to 180° relative to the vertical axis, using the layer-by-layer extrusion (3O-printing) method.

[0004] LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

[0005] The applicant has not identified the closest analogue to the claimed invention from the prior art.

[0006] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for manufacturing hollow building products of complex geometric shapes, the surface of which can be inclined at an angle of up to 180° relative to the vertical axis, using the layer-by-layer extrusion method (3D printing).

[0008] The technical result of the invention is the elimination of warping of the building product.

[0009] The said technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of 3D printing of a hollow construction product of complex geometric shape in an open container includes the following stages: a) Application of a layer of concrete mixture during 3D printing to form the wall of the finished product; b) Filling with crushed plastic material the cavity formed by the inner surfaces of the layer of concrete mixture and / or the cavity formed between the outer surface of the layer of concrete mixture and the inner surface of the open container; c) Repeating stages a)-b) until the required height of the finished product is achieved; d) Removing the crushed plastic material from the said cavities after the concrete mixture has hardened.

[0010] Cut or granulated plastic material is used.

[0011] Crushed plastic material of 2-25 mm fraction is used.

[0012] Primarily manufactured plastic (plastic sheets, various plastic products) or plastic waste are used as plastic material.

[0013] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] The invention will be better understood from the description, which is not limiting in nature and is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show: Fig. 1 - Photograph of the future finished product with the first layer of concrete mixture applied and with cavities filled with crushed plastic material.

[0015] Fig. 2 - Photograph of the future finished product with several layers applied and cavities filled with crushed plastic material.

[0016] Fig. 3 - Photograph of the finished product obtained by the claimed method.

[0017] IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The claimed method of 3D printing of a hollow building product of complex geometric shape in an open container using plastic waste is carried out as follows.

[0019] In the first stage, a layer of concrete mix is ​​applied to the bottom of the open container using 3D printing, creating the initial height of the future wall of the finished product. An open container can be any configuration with an open top surface, including a specially cut one, the size of which allows the future finished product to be placed inside, such as a bathtub, reservoir, cistern, formwork, and other similar containers.

[0020] Then, depending on the slope of the wall of the future product, formed by the next layer of concrete mix, the cavity formed by the inner surfaces of the concrete mix layer is filled with crushed plastic waste (5 mm granules) if the wall of the product needs to be tilted inward, or the cavity formed between the outer surface of the concrete mix layer and the inner surface of the open container is filled with crushed plastic waste if the wall of the product needs to be tilted outward; or both of the above cavities are filled if the wall is to be positioned vertically.

[0021] Next, the next wall height is formed by the next layer of concrete mix. To do this, the subsequent layer of concrete mix is ​​applied using 3D printing onto the previous layer to form a vertical wall, or the subsequent layer of concrete mix is ​​applied using 3D printing with an offset onto the previous layer, away from the inner wall to form an inward-sloping wall of the future product, or away from the outer wall to form an outward-sloping wall. In the case of forming an inclined wall of the product, the next layer of concrete mix is ​​partially or completely applied onto the surface formed by the crushed plastic waste of the cavity, depending on the angle of the future wall of the finished product.

[0022] The process of applying plastic waste and forming a layer of concrete mix using 3D printing is then repeated until the desired height of the finished product is reached. The plastic waste is then removed from the cavities after the concrete mix has hardened.

[0023] The use of crushed plastic material with a 2-25 mm particle size as a support for the applied concrete layer in the claimed invention provides a surface of sufficient density for concrete placement. This support is relatively lightweight, preventing deformation of the printed walls of the three-dimensional structures. It also prevents warping of the building product, as the layer of crushed plastic material maintains the required configuration of the future product. The invention has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment. Other embodiments of the invention may be obvious to those skilled in the art, without altering its essence as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the invention should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A method for 3D printing of a hollow building product of complex geometric shape in an open container, comprising the following steps: a) Applying a layer of concrete mix during 3D printing to form the wall of the finished product; b) Filling the cavity formed by the inner surfaces of the layer of concrete mix and / or the cavity formed between the outer surface of the layer of concrete mix and the inner surface of the open container with crushed plastic material; c) Repeating steps a)-b) until the required height of the finished product is achieved; d) Removing the crushed plastic material from the said cavities after the concrete mix has hardened.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that cut or granulated plastic material is used.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that crushed plastic material of fraction 2-25 mm is used.

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