Method, apparatus, and system for power control
The method and apparatus for power control in NTN systems address the challenge of unreliable power control by using ACK/NACK messages and channel state to determine downlink transmit power, enhancing transmission quality and power allocation efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
The complex and changeable communication environment in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) requires a reliable power control mechanism that traditional terrestrial power control mechanisms cannot provide.
A method and apparatus for power control in NTN systems, where network nodes (NT-TRP) transmit signals, receive reception results, and determine downlink transmit power based on acknowledgment (ACK) and negative acknowledgment (NACK) messages, channel state, and beam sets to ensure reliable power allocation.
The solution provides a reliable power control mechanism by determining downlink transmit power based on real-time reception results, improving transmission quality and power allocation efficiency in NTN systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024141395_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR POWER CONTROL
[0001] The present application claims priority to US patent application No. 63 / 720,023, entitled "method, apparatus, and system for power control" , filed on November 13, 2024 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and system for power control.BACKGROUND
[0003] With the development of communication system, various types of network nodes are applied. For example, a non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRP) , in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) communication system, can communicate with user equipment (UE) . These network nodes are different from a traditional terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRP) . The communication environment between NT-TRP and UE is more complex and changeable. The traditional power control mechanism for the T-TRP may not be applicable.
[0004] Therefore, how to provide a reliable power control mechanism becomes an urgent problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus and system for power control, which provides a reliable power control mechanism.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method may be applied to a network side, for example, a location server (e.g., a NT-TRP) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. For example, the method is applied to a NT-TRP. In the method, the NT-TRP transmits one or more signals associated with a first beam; the NT-TRP receives information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals; and the NT-TRP determines first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result.
[0007] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core responsible for a communication function) in a terminal on a terminal side. For example, the method is applied to a UE. In the method, UE receives one or more signals associated with a first beam; and UE transmits first information, wherein the first information indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, and the first information is used to determine first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam.
[0008] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, first downlink transmit power can be determined based on a reception result of one or more signals. The determined first downlink transmit power is accordance with the real transmission situation, which provides a reliable power control mechanism.
[0009] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals.
[0010] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the number of unsuccessful received signals could reflect transmission quality of the one or more signals. The first downlink transmit power determined based on the number of unsuccessful received signals is more reliable.
[0011] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, receiving information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, comprises: receiving one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment messages (NACK) corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of negative acknowledgment messages.
[0012] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, transmitting information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, comprises: transmitting one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment messages (NACK) corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of negative acknowledgment messages.
[0013] According to the above solution, in a possible design, UE may feedback an ACK message or NACK message corresponding to each signal, so that NT-TRP may count the number of ACK message or NACK message to determine the first downlink transmit power.
[0014] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals.
[0015] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the channel state could reflect transmission quality of the one or more signals. The first downlink transmit power determined based on the channel state is more reliable.
[0016] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the channel state comprises one or more of:reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0017] According to the above solution, in a possible design, there may be various types of parameters included in the channel state, to make the channel state more reliable.
[0018] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the first downlink transmit power is further based on downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams that comprises the first beam.
[0019] For example, the set of beams include or more active beams. For example, the one or more active beams may be transmitted simultaneously.
[0020] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink power based on the reception result and the total downlink transmit power of the set of beams, to make the allocation of the transmit power more reliable.
[0021] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: determining second downlink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the second downlink transmit power is associated with a second beam, and the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam.
[0022] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the reception result is further used to determine second downlink transmit power associated with a second beam.
[0023] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the NT-TRP may further determine second downlink transmit power associated with the second beam. For example, when the NT-TRP may determine to increase transmit power associated with the first beam, the NT-TRP may decrease transmit power associated with the second beam, to make the total transmit power in a reasonable range.
[0024] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, the second downlink transmit power offset is based on the first downlink transmit power.
[0025] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, the second downlink transmit power offset is based on the first downlink transmit power.
[0026] In some implementations, the indication information may indicate the first downlink transmit power.
[0027] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used for determining uplink transmit power.
[0028] According to the above solution, in a possible design, UE could know the newly determined first downlink transmit power based on the indication information, so that the UE could determine uplink transmit power based on the newly determined first downlink transmit power. For example, UE could determine the path loss based on the first downlink transmit power and measured power and determine the uplink transmit power based on the path loss, which makes the determination of uplink transmit power more reliable.
[0029] According to the first aspect and the second aspect, in a possible design, the first downlink transmit power is associated with a non-terrestrial network node.
[0030] According to a third aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core responsible for a communication function) in a terminal on a terminal side. For example, the method is applied to a UE. In the method, UE receives indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset; and determines first uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset.
[0031] According to a fourth aspect, a method may be applied to a network side, for example, a location server (e.g., a NT-TRP) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. For example, the method is applied to a NT-TRP. In the method, the NT-TRP transmits indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, wherein the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used to determine first uplink transmit power.
[0032] According to the above solution, in a possible design, UE could determine the uplink transmit power based on more than one downlink transmit power offsets, to make the determination of the uplink transmit power more reliable.
[0033] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the first uplink transmit power is associated with a first beam, and the second downlink power offset is associated with the first beam.
[0034] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: UE receives one or more signals associated with the first beam; and the UE transmits information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, wherein the reception result is used to determine the second downlink transmit power offset.
[0035] According to the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: NT-TPR transmits one or more signals associated with the first beam; and the NT-TPR receives information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals; and the NT-TRP determines the second downlink transmit power offset based on the reception result.
[0036] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the second downlink transmit power offset can be determined based on a reception result of one or more signals. The determined second downlink transmit power offset is accordance with the real transmission situation, which provides a reliable power control mechanism.
[0037] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals.
[0038] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the number of unsuccessful received signals could reflect transmission quality of the one or more signals. The first downlink transmit power determined based on the number of unsuccessful received signals is more reliable.
[0039] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting information that indicates the reception result of the one or more signals, comprises: transmitting one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment messages (NACK) corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of negative acknowledgment messages.
[0040] According to the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving information that indicates the reception result of the one or more signals, comprises: receiving one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment messages (NACK) corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of negative acknowledgment messages.
[0041] According to the above solution, in a possible design, UE may feedback an ACK message or NACK message corresponding to each signal, so that NT-TRP may count the number of ACK message or NACK message to determine the first downlink transmit power.
[0042] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals.
[0043] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the channel state could reflect transmission quality of the one or more signals. The first downlink transmit power determined based on the channel state is more reliable.
[0044] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the channel state comprises one or more of:reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0045] According to the above solution, in a possible design, there may be various types of parameters included in the channel state, to make the channel state more reliable.
[0046] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the second downlink transmit power offset is determined based on the reception result and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams that comprises the first beam.
[0047] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink power based on the reception result and the total downlink transmit power of the set of beams, to make the allocation of the transmit power more reliable.
[0048] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further comprises: determining second uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and a third downlink transmit power offset, the second uplink transmit power and the third downlink transmit power offset are associated with a second beam, the third downlink transmit power offset is determined based on the second downlink transmit power offset and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam, and the indication information further indicates the third transmit power offset.
[0049] According to the above solution, in a possible design, the NT-TRP may further indicate a third transmit power offset associated with a second beam, so that the UE may further determine the second uplink transmit power associated with the second beam.
[0050] According to the third aspect and the fourth aspect, in a possible design, the second downlink transmit power offset is associated with a non-terrestrial network node.
[0051] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0052] According to a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0053] According to a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0054] According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0055] According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fifth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fifth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0056] According to a tenth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect or the fourth aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect or the fourth aspect.
[0057] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0058] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0059] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0060] According to an eleventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect, the third aspect or the fifth aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0061] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0062] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0063] The communication apparatus may be a location server, a module in a location server, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a location server, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0064] According to a twelfth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0065] According to a thirteenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fifth aspect.
[0066] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, or the fifth aspect.
[0067] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, or the fifth aspect.
[0068] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0069] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0070] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0071] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100;
[0073] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station;
[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device;
[0075] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410;
[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a communication system according to implementations of this application;
[0077] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of beam footprints according to implementations of this application;
[0078] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application;
[0079] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of active beam’s footprints according to implementations of this application;
[0080] FIG. 10 illustrates a first schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application;
[0081] FIG. 11 illustrates a second schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application;
[0082] FIG. 12 illustrates a third schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application;
[0083] FIG. 13 illustrates schematic diagram of a first information format according to implementations of this application;
[0084] FIG. 14 illustrates schematic diagram of a second information format according to implementations of this application;
[0085] FIG. 15 illustrates schematic diagram of a third information format according to implementations of this application;
[0086] FIG. 16 illustrates schematic diagram of a fourth information format according to implementations of this application; and
[0087] FIG. 17 illustrates a flow chart of schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0088] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0089] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0090] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 may comprise a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a future generation radio access network, or a legacy (such as 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network, the RAN 120 may be a network using another radio access technology. In some implementations, radio access refers to a future generation air interface of standards which may comprise both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be described below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0091] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0092] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0093] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0094] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for communication system 100. As described earlier, the communication system 100 may include EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , RAN 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0095] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0096] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, the at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (i.e., referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device to communicate with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0097] A base station (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. Base station 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0098] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is an example only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0099] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0100] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0101] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0102] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0103] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0104] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110a, 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0105] An air interface (such as 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0106] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0107] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) .
[0108] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0109] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172) .
[0110] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 in a communication system (such as the communication system 100) . The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (such as network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although there is only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170 (or more than one NT-TRP 172) . One ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0111] Apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, such as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0112] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0113] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0114] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0115] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0116] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0117] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated to in the figure) . The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0118] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one or more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of ORAN system as described above in the application.
[0119] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, such as to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The apparatus 320 may further comprise scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0120] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0121] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0122] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0123] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0124] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a-b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0125] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0126] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as ED 110 or TRPs 170a-170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in ED 110, or apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172, or apparatus 320.
[0127] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors (or processor cores) , a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0128] Apparatus 410 may be processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or included in processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. Apparatus 410 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0129] FIG. 5 illustrates example of apparatus 510. Apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0130] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 is the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0131] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be memory 258.
[0132] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0133] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0134] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0135] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0136] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0137] A processor, a processor system, a application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (NPU) .
[0138] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0139] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of communication links of an NT-TRP. As aforementioned, an NT-TRP and an NTN gateway may communicate using a wireless link, and the NT-TRP and an ED may communicate using a wireless link. The communication link between the NT-TRP and the NTN gateway may be referred to as a feeder link, and the communication link between the NT-TRP and the ED may be referred to as a service link. In some implementations, the T-TRP (e.g., the base-station) is located behind a NTN gateway on the ground, the NTN gateway sends a transmission towards the satellite through the feeder link, and the satellite transmits the transmission towards EDs on the ground through the service link. Both the NTN gateway and the T-TRP connect to the core network via wired or wireless link. This scenario is referred to as bent-pipe scenario.
[0140] Notably, a single NT-TRP can serve one or more EDs. For example, there may be a coverage area on the ground and some devices (e.g., EDs) are within the coverage area of the NT-TRP. An NT-TRP (e.g., satellite) may transmit multiple beams towards the ground and each beam may be associated with a given physical cell identity (PCI) . In addition, the satellites may transmit beams in a manner where the satellite isn’ t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams may slide on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be moving from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0141] In order to connect with an NT-TRP (e.g. a satellite) , an ED may steer its beams towards the sky. However, there may be lots of NT-TRPs (e.g., satellites that are in line-of-sight of the ED) and therefore: there may be potentially lots of NT-TRPs the ED could establish an RRC connection with.
[0142] 5G NR Rel-17 supports so-called “bent-pipe” scenarios, i.e. the base-station is located behind a NTN gateway on the ground, the NTN gateway sends a transmission towards the satellite (this link is called the “feeder” link) and the satellite transmits the transmission towards UEs on the ground (this link is called the “service” link) . In such a scenario, the satellite may be considered as a “mirror” in the sky or a “reflector” in the sky, reflecting physical layer signals and / or channels from the NTN gateway back to UEs located on the ground.
[0143] In traditional cellular systems such as 5G NR, the UE can receive, detect and measure reference signals such as synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks and non-zero power-channel state information-reference signals (NZP-CSI-RS) . Such reference signals are based on pseudo random noise (PRN) binary sequences such as Gold sequences and those sequences may be initialized using common or UE-specific scrambling identities. As an example, PSS and SSS sequences are initialized using the physical cell identity (PCI) value, which is a common scrambling identity. NZP-CSI-RS sequences are initialized using UE-specific scrambling identities, which are configured by the network to the UE.
[0144] In 5G NR Rel-17, NTN support was introduced allowing UEs to support DL / UL communication with satellites using the so-called "bent-pipe" scenario, where a ground station transmits signals towards satellites in space, and satellites reflect signals back to UEs on the ground. Dedicating signaling related to NTN was introduced in order to assist UEs with NTN operation. Higher-layer signaling such as RRC introduces signaling satellite ephemeris, satellite position, satellite signal polarization, timing advance offsets, satellite system information block (SIB) , satellite epochs in order to support NTN operation.
[0145] A UE acquires the timing reference for radio frames transmitted by a satellite based on the higher-layer parameter epochTime signaled in the NTN SIB (for example, SIB19) , where the higher-layer parameter epochTime corresponds to the starting time of a downlink sub-frame (or equivalently a downlink radio frame) . Other features that were introduced were the extension of HARQ processes to 32 in order to accommodate for large propagation delay scenarios and the disabling of HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0146] In 5G NR Rel-18, NTN support was further enhanced to introduce Coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified UE location, as well as support TN to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios.
[0147] 5G NR Rel-17 introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the Timing Advance, the reference timing for CSI resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of random access response carried by a PDSCH, the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK on a PUCCH.
[0148] 5G NR Rel-17 also introduces a solution combining closed-loop and open-loop timing advance compensation, where the closed-loop part is controlled by the network and the open-loop part is carried out by the UE. The compensation from the UE may be based on the knowledge of the satellite’s ephemeris (e.g. parameters such as the satellite’s orbital angles) .
[0149] This disclosure discloses methods for outer-loop downlink power control in NTN systems. NT-TRPs such as e.g. satellites operating as part of a constellation transmit physical layer signals and channels towards UEs on the ground. Such NT-TRPs have to transmit beams towards UEs on the ground by respecting power flux density (PFD) requirements, which may be determined by countries based on their local regulations.
[0150] Before introducing the communications method provided by this application, additional concepts and terms are described in combination with FIG. 7.
[0151] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of beam footprints according to the implementations of this application.
[0152] Beam can also be expressed as a “spatial filter” or “spatial parameters” . A beam is formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port, or by using other methods such as, for example, adjusting a related antenna parameter. The beam may include a transmit (Tx) beam and / or a receive (Rx) beam. A beam used to transmit a signal, referred to as a transmit beam (Tx beam) , can also be expressed as a spatial domain transmit filter, or spatial transmit parameters. The transmit beam indicates the distribution of signal strength formed in different spatial directions after a Tx beam signal is transmitted through an antenna. Similarly, a beam used to receive a signal, referred to as a receive beam (Rx beam) , can also be expressed as a spatial domain receive filter, or spatial receive parameters. The receive beam indicates the distribution of signal strength of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different spatial directions.
[0153] Satellites transmit multiple beams towards the ground and it is assumed that each beam is associated with a given “physical cell identity” . It is also assumed that satellites transmit beams in a “fixed” manner, where “fixed” means that the satellite isn’ t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams “slide” on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be “moving” from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0154] Each beam may be assigned / associated with an identifier (ID) . Notably, in some implementations, the term “identifier (ID) ” and the term “index” may be used interchangeably. In some instances, an index of a beam (or expressed as beam index) may be pre-defined or pre-configured.
[0155] The NT-TRP’s footprint may be different from the NT-TRP beam’s footprint. The NT-TRP may transmit one or more beams towards the ground and each beam may have a corresponding “footprint” which may be defined as the area which is “illuminated” by the beam. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be defined as the aggregation of all the beams the NT-TRP may transmit to the ground. The beams transmitted by the NT-TRP may be such that their tilt angles and / or scan angles are within a given threshold.
[0156] Because NT-TRP is far from the ground and may be constantly moving relative to the ground, the communication environment between the NT-TRP and UE is complex and changeable. The conventional power control mechanism may not be applied to this communication environment. Therefore, this application provides a reliable power control method.
[0157] The method can be applied to various types of communication systems (e.g., any one of communication system described in FIGs. 1 to 6) . For a terminal side, the method can be applied to a terminal (e.g., UE) or a module in a UE, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core responsible for a communication function) in a UE. In the examples set forth below, the method can be applied to a UE on terminal side. For a network side, a location server (e.g., a NT-TRP) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. In the examples set forth below, a NT-TRP is taken as an example.
[0158] In this method, the NT-TRP could determine first downlink transmit power based on a reception result of one or more signals. The determination of the first downlink transmit power is accordance with the real transmission situation, which provides a reliable power control mechanism. Details of this method will be given in combination with FIGs. 8-16.
[0159] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application.
[0160] At step 810, NT-TRP transmits one or more signals associated with a first beam to a UE.
[0161] In some implementations, the first beam may be Tx beam. The one or more signals are associated with the first beam, in other words, the one or more signals are transmitted using the first beam.
[0162] The one or more signals may be various of signals. In some implementations, the one or more signals may be named as one or more channels interchangeably. For example, the one or more signals may include one or more of: reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS) , SS / PBCH block, PDSCH (or PDSCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ) , and PDCCH (or PDCCH DMRS) . This is not limited to this application.
[0163] At step 820, UE transmits information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals to the NT-TRP.
[0164] Correspondingly, NT-TRP receives information that indicates the reception result of the one or more signals from the UE.
[0165] The reception result can be used to reflect the transmission quality of the one or more signals. The UE can evaluate the transmission quality in a variety of ways.
[0166] In some implementations, the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals.
[0167] For example, the UE may receive each of the one or more signals, and determine whether each signal is received successfully. When the UE fails to receive a signal, the UE can determine that the corresponding signal is not received successfully. As an example, the UE receives a signal and performs error detection using the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) . When the CRC fails, the signal is not received successfully.
[0168] Notably, in some implementations of this application, the terms “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may be used interchangeably.
[0169] In some implementations, the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals.
[0170] For example, the UE may perform channel estimation on the one or more signals, and obtain the channel state of the one or more signals.
[0171] In some instances, the channel state comprises one or more of: reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0172] In some implementations, the reception result may indicate a level of transmission quality of the one or more signals. For example, level 0 may represent high transmission quality and level 1 may represent low transmission quality. UE receives the one or more signals and determines whether the transmission quality is level 0 or level 1. Notably, the determination method (to determine level 0 or level 1) may be pre-defined or pre-configured. This is not limited to this application.
[0173] Notably, this application does not exclude other transmission quality evaluation methods. In some implementations, the unsuccessful reception number and the channel state may be used to evaluate the transmission quality in a combination.
[0174] The UE can report the reception result in a variety of ways. In other words, the information can indicate the reception result in a variety of ways, for example, explicitly or implicitly.
[0175] In some implementations, each time UE receives a signal, it feedbacks a message that indicates whether the signal is received successfully; or each time UE successfully receives a signal, it feedbacks a message that indicates the signal is received successfully; or each time UE unsuccessfully receives a signal, it feedbacks a message that indicates the signal is received unsuccessfully. Thus, the NT-TRP can count the number of the received messages to determine the unsuccessful reception number and / or successful reception number.
[0176] In some instances, a message that indicates a signal is received successfully may be an acknowledgment (ACK) message. A message that indicates a signal is received unsuccessfully may be a negative acknowledgment (NACK) message.
[0177] For example, receiving information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, comprises: receiving one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment (NACK) messages corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of NACK messages.
[0178] In some implementations, UE may count the unsuccessful reception number and / or successful reception number, and the information may indicate the unsuccessful reception number and / or successful reception number.
[0179] In some implementations, when the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals, the information may be channel state information (CSI) . For example, the CSI may indicate one or more of: RSRP, SINR, RSSI, RSRQ, and etc. In some instances, the CSI may include one or more of: channel quality information (CQI) , precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) , SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) , layer indicator (LI) , rank indicator (RI) and etc. This is not limited to this application.
[0180] In some implementations, the information may indicate the transmission quality. For example, the information carries a level indication, when the level indication is set to 0, it indicates high transmission quality; when the level indication is set to 1, it indicates low transmission quality.
[0181] In some implementations, the information may be transmitted via physical channels such as PUCCH, PUSCH, or via MAC layer signaling.
[0182] At step 830, NT-TRP determines first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result.
[0183] As aforementioned, the reception result can reflect the transmission quality of the one or more signals in a variety of ways. The NT-TRP could determine (or update) downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result in a variety of ways.
[0184] In some implementations, when the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals, the NT-TRP could determine the first downlink transmit power based on the number of signals that were not received successfully (e.g., the number of NACK messages) .
[0185] For example, when the number of signals that were not received successfully is greater than or equal to threshold#1, the NT-TRP may determine to increase the downlink transmit power (which is the downlink transmit power used in step 810, and will be referred to as original downlink transmit power hereinafter) associated with the first beam. When the number of signals that were not received successfully is not greater than threshold#1, the NT-TRP may maintain or decrease the original downlink transmit power.
[0186] For another example, when the proportion of the number of unsuccessfully received signals to the total number is greater than or equal to threshold#2, the NT-TRP may determine to increase the original downlink transmit power associated with the first beam. When the proportion of the number of unsuccessfully received signals to the total number is not greater than threshold#2, the NT-TRP may determine to decrease or maintain the original downlink transmit power.
[0187] Notably, the examples above are only for illustrative purposes. The NT-TRP may also use other methods to determine the first downlink transmit power based on the number of unsuccessfully received signals. This is not limited to this application.
[0188] Notably, the threshold (e.g., threshold#1, threshold#2, and others) in implementations of this application may be pre-defined, or pre-configured, or determined based on application scenario. This is not limited to this application.
[0189] In some implementations, when the reception result indicates a channel state, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink transmit power based on the channel state.
[0190] For example, the NT-TRP may obtain a quality value corresponding the channel state. Exemplary, the quality value may be an average value of the RSRP values of the one or more signals. Alternatively, the quality value may be a value of function operation of multiple types of parameters (e.g., RSRP, SINR, etc. ) . This is not limited to this application. When the quality value is less than or equal to threshold#3, the NT-TRP may determine to increase the original downlink transmit power. When the quality value is not less than threshold#3, the NT-TRP may determine to decrease or maintain the original downlink transmit power.
[0191] In some implementations, when the reception result indicates a level of transmission quality, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink transmit power based on the level of the transmit quality. For example, when the reception result indicates a low transmission quality, the NT-TRP may determine to increase the original downlink transmit power. When the reception result indicates a high transmission quality, the NT-TRP may determine to maintain or decrease the original downlink transmit power. This is not limited to this application.
[0192] As aforementioned, the NT-TRP could determine the first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result of one or more signals, which are also transmitted with the first beam. In some cases, the NT-TRP could determine the first downlink transmit power based on the reception result and some other factors, for example, transmission power capability of the NT-TRP, downlink transmit power associated with other beams, etc. In some instances, the transmission power capability may be referred to as the maximum power used to send signals. For example, the transmission power capability may be represented by effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the NT-TRP.
[0193] The EIRP of the NT-TRP may be shared between two or more beams. In other words, the NT-TRP may use a set of beams (which includes one or more beams) to transmit signals simultaneously, and the two or more beams share the NT-TRP’s EIRP.
[0194] In some implementations, the set of beams is a set of active beams.
[0195] In some implementations, there may be e.g. a low-earth orbit (LEO) constellation operating at a given altitude e.g. 600 km above Earth. NT-TRPs such as satellites may be moving along their orbit and occupy different positions at different times. We assume that NT-TRPs may have the capability to steer their Tx (i.e. Transmit) beams at specific locations that we call “reference points (RPs) ” or “Anchors” , such that as NT-TRPs are moving along their orbit the Tx beams are directed towards those RPs (or Anchors) . We may assume that NT-TRPs have an aggregate EIRP which is shared among its Tx beams for the purpose of transmitting physical layer signals and / or channels towards UEs on the ground.
[0196] Starting from 5G NR Rel-19, 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) is studying aspects related to downlink coverage enhancements, which may include defining new features that assume power sharing among a satellite’s beams or different satellite beam patterns and / or beam sizes. This is due to the fact that a satellite’s EIRP needs to be shared across simultaneously active beams, therefore the actual transmit power of an active beam is lower than the satellite’s EIRP. The number of simultaneously active beams a satellite may be able to transmit may have to do with the on-board RF hardware capability of the satellite.
[0197] For example, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink power based on the reception result, the downlink transmit power associated with the set of beams (e.g., the set of active beams) and NT-TRP’s EIRP.
[0198] In some implementations, the first downlink transmit power is further based on downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams that comprises the first beam.
[0199] For example, the NT-TRP may determine the first downlink power based on the reception result first (as aforementioned implementations) . When the NT-TRP determines to increase the original downlink transmit power of the first beam based on the reception result, the NT-TRP could further determine the difference between the NT-TRP’s EIRP and total downlink transmit power associated with the set of beams. Then the NT-TRP could determine the increased value based on the difference, avoiding exceeding NT-TRP’s EIRP.
[0200] Notably, when the NT-TRP determines to increase the original downlink transmit power of the first beam based on the reception result, but the NT-TRP has no or enough downlink transmit power to increase the original downlink transmit power, it may decrease the downlink transmit power associated with another active beam. That is, the method may further include step 840.
[0201] In some implementations, the first downlink transmit power is associated with a type of signal. For example, the first downlink transmit power is used to transmit any one of: CSI-RS, PDCCH, PDSCH, and etc. The NT-TRP may determine the downlink transmit power of CSI-RS based on the reception result and requirements for CSI-RS (optional) . Notably, NT-TRP may further determine the downlink transmit power of PDCCH and / or PDSCH based on the reception result and the requirements for PDCCH and / or PDSCH (optional) . This is not limited to this application.
[0202] Optionally, at step 840, NT-TRP determines second downlink transmit power.
[0203] In some implementations, NT-TRP determines second downlink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the second downlink transmit power is associated with a second beam, and the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam.
[0204] For example, the NT-TRP may manage the downlink transmit power of the active beams as a whole. Each active beam may be associated with a pre-defined or pre-configured downlink transmit power, for example, the minimum downlink transmit power to transmit a signal. The NT-TRP may allocate its EIRP to each active beam, to make the allocated downlink transmit power greater than or equal to the pre-defined or pre-configured downlink transmit power. When the NT-TRP knows that the transmission quality of the first beam is not good based on the reception result (e.g., as illustrated in step 830) , it may increase the downlink transmit power of the first beam and decrease the downlink transmit power of one or more beams whose allocated downlink transmit power greater than the pre-defined or pre-configured downlink transmit power.
[0205] For example, the NT-TRP may obtain the transmission quality of two or more active beams and adjust the downlink transmit power of each active beam. Exemplary, as aforementioned in steps 810-830, the NT-TRP may obtain the reception results of each active beam and determine the downlink transmit power of each active beam based on the overall reception results and NT-TRP’ EIRP. This is not limited to this application.
[0206] For illustrative purposes, some power control mechanisms based on the NT-TRP’s EIRP is described in a combination with FIGs. 9-12.
[0207] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of active beam’s footprints according to implementations of this application.
[0208] The area inside each circle line may correspond to the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP beam, where the circle line may be seen as a threshold for e.g., RSRP or SINR, for instance the circle line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB. The area inside of the line along the outer edge may correspond to the NT-TRP’s footprint. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be much larger than the footprints of the NT-TRP’s active beams due to the fact that the NT-TRP may support only a few simultaneously active beams N (e.g., N=6) at any given time. The NT-TRP may select which N beams are to transmit simultaneously based on e.g., scheduling decisions. We may assume that NT-TRPs have an on-board MAC scheduler which may make scheduling decisions which may result in the NT-TRP transmitting up to N simultaneously active beams.
[0209] The areas inside solid lines depict the footprints of active beams whereas the areas inside dashed lines depict the footprints of inactive beams. We may assume that UEs located in areas inside the solid lines are able to receive, detect and decode physical layer signals and / or channels. We may also assume that UEs located in the areas inside dashed lines aren’ t able to receive, detect or decode any physical layer signals and / or channels. The NT-TRP may set a transmit power for a given Tx beam i, denoted as Ptx, i, for each of the active beams based on the following formula (1) :
[0210] Ptx, i=min {Pmax; Ptarget, i+α. PLi} (1)
[0211] In the formula above, Pmax may denote the maximum transmit power a given beam may have, which may be e.g. the NT-TRP’s EIRP. Ptarget, i may denote the target transmit power the NT-TRP needs to transmit at for beam i. The pathloss PLi may be derived from the energy per resource element (EPRE) that the NT-TRP used to transmit a given physical layer reference signal (e.g., a SS / PBCH block) , for instance the pathloss PLi may be derived as follows:
[0212] PLi=RSPTx, i-RSRPRx (2)
[0213] In the formula above, RSPTx, i may be the average EPRE that the NT-TRP used to transmit a physical layer reference signal (e.g. a SS / PBCH block) and RSRPRx may be the RSRP that’s measured by the UE. It should be noted that RSRPRx may be reported by the UE or it may be derived by the NT-TRP using other modules or functions. The UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter providing a value for RSPTx, i such that the UE may be able to measure the RSRP and report the measured RSRP back to the NT-TRP. RSPTx, i may also be called the reference signal power (RSP) for Tx beam i.
[0214] The transmit power Ptx, i may be subject to multiple constraints, such as e.g. :
[0215] 1) The transmit power of all Tx beams must not exceed the NT-TRP’s EIRP
[0216] 2) The required SNR or CNR for the services required by the UEs on the ground.
[0217] 3) The maximum allowed power flux density (PFD) on the ground.
[0218] The above mechanism may be performed as part of what we may call “outer-loop downlink power control” . outer-loop downlink power control (OLDPC) may use e.g., the ACK / NACK feedback from the UEs on the ground in order to update the transmit power of a Tx beam (as an example of unsuccessful reception number described in step 820 and step 830) . This mechanism may allow the NT-TRP to correct inherent variations of channel conditions and select a transmit power which is suitable for all UEs on the ground while respecting various operational constraints that may affect the transmit power of a Tx beam. The flow-chart in the FIG. 10 below may be representative of the OLDPC module. In this disclosure, NAK and NACK refer to same term, that is negative acknowledgement.
[0219] FIG. 10 illustrates a first schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application.
[0220] In the above flow-chart, the NT-TRP may first aggregate all of the ACK / NAK feedback bits from the UEs being served using Tx beam i. There may be e.g., N ACK feedback bits and M NAK feedback bits. If the number of NAK feedback bits M is positive, the NT-TRP may compare it against some threshold value. If M is higher than the threshold value, then the NT-TRP may increase the transmit power for Tx beam i. If M is lower than the threshold value, then the NT-TRP may decrease the transmit power for Tx beam i (details can be found in step 830) . After the NT-TRP has updated the transmit power for Tx beam i, then the NT-TRP may also update the transmit power for the remaining Tx beams such that the sum of the transmit powers of all Tx beams doesn’ t exceed the NT-TRP’s EIRP.
[0221] The NT-TRP may aggregate all the ACK / NAK feedback from UEs being served using a given beam i. Different physical layer signals and / or channels may be transmitted under beam i, therefore after the NT-TRP updates the transmit power of a Tx beam, this may affect the quality of a physical layer signal and / or channel.
[0222] In some implementations, the OLDPC module may use CSI reporting from UEs in order to update the transmit power of a given Tx beam. The NT-TRP may use a certain threshold in terms of e.g., SINR in order to continuously update its transmit power such that UEs are able to experience SINRs that are close to the target SINR set by the threshold. The flow-chart in the FIG. 11 may be representative of the updated OLDPC module:
[0223] FIG. 11 illustrates a second schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application.
[0224] In FIG. 11, the NT-TRP may first aggregate all of the channel state information (CSI) feedback bits from the UEs being served using Tx beam i. If the CSI feedback from the UEs being served using Tx beam i is lower than the threshold value, then the NT-TRP may increase the transmit power for Tx beam i (details can be found in step 830) . After the NT-TRP has updated the transmit power for Tx beam i, then the NT-TRP may also update the transmit power for the remaining Tx beams such that the sum of the transmit powers of all Tx beams doesn’ t exceed the NT-TRP’s EIRP.
[0225] The NT-TRP may also combine the CSI feedback bits with the ACK / NAK bits in order to update the transmit power of a given Tx beam. It should be noted that the NT-TRP may use different transmit power targets for different physical layer reference signals and / or channels. As an example, the NT-TRP may use a certain transmit power for e.g. physical layer reference signals such as CSI-RS and another transmit power for physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH. This results in different REs having different transmit powers depending on what signals and / or channels are mapped on them, this is shown in the formulas below:
[0226] Ptx, CSI-RS, i=min {Pmax; Ptarget, CSI-RS, i+α. PLi} (3)
[0227] Ptx, PDCCH, i=min {Pmax; Ptarget, PDCCH, i+α. PLi} (4)
[0228] Ptx, PDSCH, i=min {Pmax; Ptarget, PDSCH, i+α. PLi} (5)
[0229] From the formulas (3-5) above, the NT-TRP may use different transmit power targets for different physical layer signals and / or channels. Unlike in the first implementation where the same transmit power is assumed for all physical layer signals and / or channels, in this implementation the NT-TRP may use different transmit power targets which may result in different REs having different transmit powers. The transmit power of the Tx beam, denoted as P, over a given slot may be calculated as the average EPRE across all OFDM symbols and subcarriers in that given slot, as shown in the formula below:
[0230]
[0231] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may determine / update the downlink transmit power of active beams using an algorithm, for example, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, machine learning (ML) algorithm, etc. For illustrative purposes, a dynamic beam muting algorithm is described in combination with FIG. 12.
[0232] FIG. 12 illustrates a third schematic diagram of a power control method according to implementations of this application.
[0233] DL power control based on dynamic beam muting, which may include the following steps:
[0234] 1. NT-TRP runs dynamic beam muting algorithm, subject to UE data traffic.
[0235] For example, the NT-TRP may continuously monitor the UE data traffic, input the UE data traffic in a dynamic beam muting algorithm and output quality parameters (utility metric) of each beam.
[0236] 2. Dynamic beam muting algorithm ranks beams based on utility metric.
[0237] For example, the NT-TRP may rank the beams based on the quality parameters.
[0238] 3. N beams with highest utility metric, Schedule UEs under those beams.
[0239] For example, the NT-TRP may determine whether there are N (a positive integer) beams with highest utility metric. If there are N beams with highest utility metric, the NT-TRP schedules beam transmission; If not, the NT-TRP does not schedule the beam transmission.
[0240] 4. Divide EIRP of the satellite among the N scheduled beams.
[0241] For example, the NT-TRP may divide its EIRP among the N scheduled beams.
[0242] 5. Further Tx power adjustments may be performed subject to e.g. ACK / NAK feedback, CSI feedback.
[0243] In above implementations, the NT-TRP has at least determined the first downlink transmit power, and the newly determined first downlink transmit power is more accordance with the real transmission situation.
[0244] Still referring to FIG. 8, the NT-TRP may indicate the updated downlink transmit power to the UE. In other words, the method may further include step 850.
[0245] Optionally, at step 850, NT-TRP transmits indication information to the UE.
[0246] Correspondingly, the UE receives the indication information from the NT-TRP.
[0247] The indication information may indicate the first downlink transmit power, so that the UE can use the first downlink transmit power to determine path loss and the uplink transmit power.
[0248] The indication information could indicate the first downlink transmit power in a variety of ways, for example, explicitly or implicitly. The UE may determine the first downlink transmit power based on the indication information directly; or the UE may determine the first downlink transmit power based on the indication information and some known information.
[0249] In some implementations, the indication information indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, the second downlink transmit power offset is based on the first downlink transmit power.
[0250] In some implementations, the first downlink transmit power offset is based on a reference downlink transmit power.
[0251] For example, the UE may have obtained a reference downlink transmit power, which may be considered as fundamental transmit power used for every case. As an example, the UE may be provided with the reference downlink transmit power by common signaling. The first downlink transmit power offset may be an offset of downlink transmit power (which will be referred to as intermediate downlink transmit power hereinafter) relative to the reference downlink transmit power. The second downlink transmit power offset may be an offset of the first downlink transmit power relative to the intermediate downlink transmit power. Thus, the UE could determine the first downlink transmit power based on the reference downlink transmit power, the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset.
[0252] Notably, the first downlink transmit power offset may be a general offset, for example, an offset of CSI-RS transmit power relative to SS / PBCH block transmitted power. However, the second downlink transmit power offset is based on newly determined first downlink transmit power, which is based on a reception result. Thus, the power control can be more accurate.
[0253] The indication information may be transmitted in a variety of ways. For example, the indication information may be carried in one or more messages. In some instances, the indication information may be carried in dynamic signaling, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as DCI; or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in the medium access control (MAC) layer; or a combination thereof.
[0254] In some implementations, the first downlink power offset is indicated by information#1.
[0255] In some implementations, the second downlink power offset is indicated by information#2.
[0256] In some implementations, the information#2 is carried in a dynamic signaling.
[0257] For example, the indication information includes information#1 and information#2, information#1 may be carried in an RRC signaling, and information#2 may be carried in DCI. For another example, information#1 may be carried in an RRC signaling, and information#2 may be carried in the RRC signaling or another RRC signaling. This is not limited to this application. For illustrative purposes, detailed examples of indication information (or information#1 of the indication information, or information#2 of the indication information) are given in combination with FIGs. 13-16.
[0258] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameters related to the transmit power that a NT-TRP used to transmit a given Tx beam. In some implementations, the NW may use dedicated RRC parameters in order to inform UEs that are in e.g., RRC_CONNECTED mode with the transmit power that the UE may assume the NT-TRP is using when transmitting a given physical layer reference signals and / or channels. This may allow UEs to measure the path loss for the purpose of uplink power control. As an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power which may indicate to the UE the average EPRE for the corresponding NZP CSI-RS as illustrated in FIG. 13.
[0259] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameters such as nzp-CSI-RS-Power using common signaling messages such as e.g., System Information Blocks (SIBs) . NT-TRPs may use such common signaling messages in order to reduce its complexity in terms of signaling overhead that would be incurred by sending dedicated RRC configuration messages to individual UEs on the ground. As an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power in a SIB e.g., SIB1 as illustrated in FIG. 14.
[0260] Based on the above example, the UE may be configured to monitor for common signaling messages such as SIB1, and SIB1 may include higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power set to the value “-90” which the UE may interpret as the average EPRE for the corresponding NZP CSI-RS. It should be noted that the unit of nzp-CSI-RS-Power may be dB, dBm, Watts, milli-Watts, and so on.
[0261] In some other implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameters such as nzp-CSI-RS-Power and / or nzp-CSI-RS-PowerTarget using common signaling messages such as e.g., Paging messages. NT-TRPs may use such common signaling messages in order to reduce its complexity in terms of signaling overhead that would be incurred by sending dedicated RRC configuration messages to individual UEs on the ground. As an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power in a Paging record as illustrated in FIG. 15.
[0262] Based on the above example, the UE may be configured to monitor for common signaling messages such as Paging messages, and a Paging record may include higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power set to the value “-90” which the UE may interpret as the average EPRE for the corresponding NZP CSI-RS. It should be noted that the unit of nzp-CSI-RS-Power may be dB, dBm, Watts, milli-Watts, and so on.
[0263] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameters related to the transmit power that a NT-TRP used to transmit a given Tx beam. In some implementations, the NW may use dedicated RRC parameters in order to inform UEs that are in e.g., RRC_CONNECTED mode with the transmit power that the UE may assume the NT-TRP is using when transmitting a given physical layer reference signals and / or channels. This may allow UEs to measure the path loss for the purpose of Uplink Power Control. As an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceSet which may be further provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power which may indicate to the UE the average EPRE for the NZP CSI-RSs that belong to the NZP CSI-RS Resource set as illustrated in FIG. 16.
[0264] Based on the above example, the UE may be configured with a NZP CSI-RS resource set which may comprise one or more NZP CSI-RSs. The UE may assume that each of the NZP CSI-RSs that belong to the corresponding NZP CSI-RS resource set may all have the average EPRE that is indicated by higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power.
[0265] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with dynamic indications related to the transmit power that a NT-TRP used to transmit a given Tx beam. In some implementations, the NW may include dynamic indications as part of e.g., a DCI format so that UEs on the ground may update their assumption regarding the transmit power used for e.g. physical layer reference signals and thus determine the appropriate path loss. As an example, the DCI format may include a n-bit field called nzpCsirsPowerUpdate where n is a positive integer value. The value indicated by nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be a transmit power difference in units of dB. As an example, the following table may be used to quantify different transmit power difference values:
[0266] Table 1:
[0267] In the table above, up to sixteen different codeword values are described, covering a range of as low as 0.5 (i.e. the transmit power has been halved) and up to 2.0 (i.e. the transmit power has been doubled) . Other ranges may be contemplated, however this may result in greater overhead if a fine granularity is needed for OLDPC. If at the current time, the NT-TRP is using a power of P1, and at the next time, the NT-TRP is intending to use a power of P2, then there may be a scaling factor difference between P1 and P2 which may be expressed as follows:
[0268] P1=αP2 (7)
[0269] Therefore the transmit power difference may be expressed in the dB domain as follows:
[0270] 10log P1=10 logα+10log P2 (8)
[0271] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter which provides a given codeword value which may correspond to some Transmit Power adjustment value α (as an example of second downlink transmit power offset) , which may take values within the interval [-3 dB; …; 3 dB] . In some implementations, the Transmit Power adjustment value α may take values within a larger interval e.g. [-6 dB; …; 6 dB] . Other interval (s) may be envisioned or implemented.
[0272] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter which provides a Transmit Power adjustment value α (as an example of second downlink transmit power offset) , which may take values within a given interval in the logarithmic domain (i.e., in the dB domain) .
[0273] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter which provides a Transmit Power adjustment value α (as an example of second downlink transmit power offset) , which may take values within a given interval in the linear domain (i.e., in the power domain using e.g. Watts) .
[0274] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter nzpCsirsPowerUpdateCodebook which may comprise entries associating a given codeword value with a given Transmit Power adjustment value, as shown in e.g., Table 1.
[0275] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter nzpCsirsPowerUpdateCodebookQuantization, which may indicate the bit-width of a codeword mapping to a Transmit Power adjustment value.
[0276] In some implementations, the UE may indicate the maximum bit-width it supports for codewords mapping to a Transmit Power adjustment value as part of its UE Capability message.
[0277] As an example, if the NT-TRP is intending to reduce the transmit power by half, then the NT-TRP may send a DCI format with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate set to the value “0000” . Upon decoding the DCI format, if the UE was provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-power, the UE may then update its assumption for the downlink transmit power based on the codeword value provided by nzpCsirsPowerUpdate.
[0278] In some implementations, if the UE has been provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power and the UE received a DCI format with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate, then the UE may update the assumption of the average EPRE of the NZP CSI-RS (provided by nzp-CSI-RS-Power) in accordance to the value provided by nzpCsirsPowerUpdate.
[0279] In some implementations, if the UE has been provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power and the UE received a DCI format with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate, then the UE may update the value of higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power in accordance to the value provided by nzpCsirsPowerUpdate.
[0280] Notably, as aforementioned, when UE further determines / updates second downlink transmit power associated with a second beam, the indication information may further indicate the second downlink transmit power. For example, the indication information may further indicate a third downlink transmit power offset, where the third downlink transmit power offset may be an offset of the second downlink transmit power relative to intermediate downlink transmit power.
[0281] As aforementioned, the first downlink transmit power can be used for uplink power control. Referring back to FIG. 8, the method may further include step 860 and step 870 optionally.
[0282] Optionally, at step 860, UE determines first uplink transmit power.
[0283] In some implementations, the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used for determining the first uplink transmit power.
[0284] As aforementioned, the first downlink power offset and the second downlink power offset may be associated with the first beam. In some implementations, the first uplink transmit power may be associated with the first beam.
[0285] Optionally, at step 870, UE determines second uplink transmit power.
[0286] As aforementioned in step 840, the UE may further determine second downlink transmit power associated with a second beam. The indication information may indicate the second downlink transmit power (e.g., indicate a third downlink transmit power offset) associated with the second beam. UE may further update uplink transmit power associated with the second beam.
[0287] In some implementations, UE determines second uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and a third downlink transmit power offset, the second uplink transmit power and the third downlink transmit power offset are associated with a second beam, the third downlink transmit power offset is determined based on the second downlink transmit power offset and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam, and the indication information further indicates the third transmit power offset.
[0288] Notably, UE may further update the uplink transmit power of one or more other beams based on application scenario. This is not limited to this application. The determination of the uplink transmit power associated with the first beam is described in detail below.
[0289] For example, UE may determine path loss (also named as path loss factor interchangeably) based on the first downlink transmit power. Then UE may determine the uplink transmit power based on the path loss factor. As an example, the path loss factor may be obtained by taking the difference between the first downlink transmit power and the measured power for the signals by UE side. This is not limited to this application.
[0290] Notably, the UE may determine the uplink transmit power based on the path loss factor and one or more other factors, for example, MCS factor, RB factor, etc.
[0291] In some implementations, the UE’s uplink power control may comprise a compensation term which may be called e.g., an “MCS factor” , whose purpose is to adjust the UL transmission power based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of the transport block (TB) of the corresponding UL transmission. This term may be expressed as ΔTF, b, f, c (i) and may be calculated as follows:
[0292]
[0293] The term BPRE may reflect the number of bits per resource element, Ks may reflect a delta MCS value and typical values used in 5G NR are {0; 1.25} . If Ks is equal to 0, then the MCS factor ΔTF, b, f, c (i) may be equal to 0. If Ks is equal to 1.25, then the MCS factor may be calculated as per the above formula.
[0294] The MCS factor ΔTF, b, f, c (i) compensation term may be used for the purpose of adjusting the UL transmission power for a given physical layer channel (such as e.g. PUCCH, PUSCH) on the basis of the MCS used to generate e.g. a Transport Block (for a PUSCH transmission) or a UCI payload (for a PUCCH transmission) . In some implementations, the MCS factor term may not be used to perform transmit power adjustments as the MCS factor term is not be related to the downlink transmit beam being used to transmit physical layer signals and / or channels to the UE. The MCS factor may be a term related to the MCS being used on a given UL physical layer channel (e.g. PUCCH / PUSCH) .
[0295] The Transmit Power adjustment term provided by higher-layer parameter nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be different from existing adjustment terms such as e.g., the MCS factor ΔTF, b, f, c (i) in the sense that the Transmit Power adjustment term nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be based on the changing transmit power used by the NT-TRP at a given time, subject to the scheduling algorithm at the NT-TRP which may update the Transmit Power of its Transmit beams subject to its EIRP constraints.
[0296] The transmit power adjustment term provided by higher-layer parameter nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be different from existing adjustment terms such as e.g., the MCS factor ΔTF, b, f, c (i) in the sense that the Transmit Power adjustment term nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be applied to all UL physical layer signals (such as e.g. SRS) and / or channels (such as e.g. PUCCH / PUSCH) . This may be understood as the Transmit Power adjustment term provided by higher-layer parameter nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be the same for all UL physical layer signals (such as e.g. SRS) and / or channels (such as e.g. PUCCH / PUSCH) .
[0297] In some implementations, if the UE has been provided with higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-Power, then the UE may receive a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) command with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate. Upon decoding the MAC-CE command with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate, the UE may update the assumption of the average EPRE of the NZP CSI-RS (provided by nzp-CSI-RS-Power) in accordance to the value provided by nzpCsirsPowerUpdate.
[0298] In some implementations, the DCI format with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be a DCI format with CRC scrambled with a broadcast or multicast radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) such as e.g., System Information RNTI (SI-RNTI) , paging RNTI (P-RNTI) , paging early indication RNTI (PEI-RNTI) , multicast / broadcast services control channel RNTI (MCCH-RNTI) , groupcast configured scheduling RNTI (G-CS-RNTI) , etc.
[0299] In some implementations, the DCI format with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be a DCI format with CRC scrambled with a unicast radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) such as e.g., Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) , cancellation indication RNTI (CI-RNTI) , configured scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI) , interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI) , power saving RNTI (PS-RNTI) , slot format indication (SFI-RNTI) , sidelink RNTI (SL-RNTI) , etc.
[0300] In some implementations, the MAC-CE command with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be received in a PDSCH transmission scheduled by a corresponding PDCCH transmission carrying a DCI format with CRC scrambled with a broadcast or multicast Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) such as e.g. System Information RNTI (SI-RNTI) , Paging RNTI (P-RNTI) , Paging Early Indication RNTI (PEI-RNTI) , Multicast / Broadcast Services Control Channel RNTI (MCCH-RNTI) , Groupcast Configured Scheduling RNTI (G-CS-RNTI) , etc.
[0301] In some implementations, the MAC-CE command with nzpCsirsPowerUpdate may be received in a PDSCH transmission scheduled by a corresponding PDCCH transmission carrying a DCI format with CRC scrambled with a unicast Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) such as e.g., Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) , Cancellation Indication RNTI (CI-RNTI) , Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI) , Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI) , Power Saving RNTI (PS-RNTI) , Slot Format Indication (SFI-RNTI) , Sidelink RNTI (SL-RNTI) , etc.
[0302] This disclosure introduces methods for NT-TRPs to regulate the transmit power of individual Tx beams such that the aggregate effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is shared among the individual beams and where each individual beam’s transmit power meets certain thresholds such that UE’s on the ground would experience a given level of e.g. SNR, CNR, RSSI. The primary purpose of Outer-Loop Downlink Power Control is to control the Tx power such that the NT-TRP respects PFD constraints while providing UEs on the ground with a e.g., SNR that meets the required level for the service requested by UEs.
[0303] A downlink power control method and an optional uplink power control method are introduced in combination with FIGs. 7-16. The first downlink transmit power can be determined based on a reception result of one or more signals. The determined first downlink transmit power is accordance with the real transmission situation, which provides a reliable power control mechanism.
[0304] This application further provides an uplink power control method. The UE could determine the uplink transmit power based on more than one downlink transmit power offsets, to make the determination of the uplink transmit power more reliable. This method will be introduced in combination with FIG. 17.
[0305] FIG. 17 illustrates a flow chart of schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application.
[0306] At step 1710, NT-TRP transmits indication information to the UE.
[0307] Correspondingly, the UE receives the indication information from the NT-TRP.
[0308] In some implementations, the indication information may indicate a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset.
[0309] Notably, details of the step 1710 could be referred to description in step 850 in FIG. 8 and omitted here.
[0310] As aforementioned, in some implementations, the second downlink transmit power offset may be determined based on a reception result of one or more signals. In some other implementations, the second downlink transmit power offset may be determined by the NT-TRP based on real-time communication parameters. For example, the NT-TRP may obtain (determine or be indicated) the transmission quality with existing parameters, predicted parameters (e.g., using AI technology) , etc. This is not limited to this application.
[0311] At step 1720, UE determines uplink transmit power.
[0312] UE may determine uplink transmit power based on the indication information (e.g., the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset) , where the second downlink transmit power offset is newly determined by the NT-TRP. In some implementations, the uplink transmit power determined based on the indication information is associated with a first beam, the UE may further determine uplink transmit power associated with one or more other beams. Detailed description can be found in step 860 and step 870 in FIG. 8 and omitted here.
[0313] In some implementations, the UE may receive indication information that may indicate a first downlink transmit power offset, where the first downlink transmit power offset may be the path loss factor term (which may be equivalently called the downlink pathloss estimate) given by the following relation: PLi=RSPTx, i-RSRPRx.
[0314] In some implementations, the UE may receive indication information that may indicate a second downlink transmit power offset, where the second downlink transmit power offset may be the downlink transmit power adjustment term due to OLDPC and this indication may be provided by the nzpCsirsPowerUpdate field in a DCI format.
[0315] In some implementations, the UE may receive indication information that may indicate a second downlink transmit power offset, where the second downlink transmit power offset may be the downlink transmit power adjustment term due to OLDPC and this indication may be different from the MCS factor term given by the following relation:
[0316] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGs. 6-17. The apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 6-17. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0317] As aforementioned in FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the UE in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the UE or a component that can be configured in the UE.
[0318] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the UE in FIGs. 6-17 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the UE in FIGs. 6-17. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 6-17.
[0319] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the network side (network node) or a component that can be configured in the network side (network node) .
[0320] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the network side (network node) in FIGs. 6-17 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the network side (network node) in FIGs. 6-17. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-17.
[0321] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the third device or a component that can be configured in the third device.
[0322] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-17 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-17. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-17.
[0323] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0324] As aforementioned in FIG. 5, the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed by the apparatus 510.
[0325] In some embodiments, the apparatus 510 may be a UE or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the UE; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a network side (network node) or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the network side (network node) ; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a third device or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the third device.
[0326] In a solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the UE in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0327] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the UE in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the UE in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0328] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0329] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0330] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0331] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0332] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the UE, or the method performed by the network side (network node) or the method performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0333] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the UE, or the method performed by the network side (network node) , or the method performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0334] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the UE, or the method performed by the network side (network node) , or the method performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0335] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the UE and the network side (network node) in the foregoing embodiments. Optionally, the communication system further includes the third device in the foregoing embodiments.
[0336] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0337] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0338] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0339] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0340] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0341] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0342] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0343] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0344] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0345] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0346] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0347] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0348] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0349] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0350] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0351] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0352] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0353] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0354] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0355] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
A communication method, comprising:transmitting one or more signals associated with a first beam;receiving information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals; anddetermining first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result.The method according to claim 1, wherein the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals.The method according to claim 2, wherein the receiving information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, comprises:receiving one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment (NACK) messages corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of NACK messages.The method according to claim 1, wherein the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals.The method according to claim 4, wherein the channel state comprises one or more of: reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first downlink transmit power is further based on downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams that comprises the first beam.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method further comprises:determining second downlink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the second downlink transmit power is associated with a second beam, and the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, the second downlink transmit power offset is based on the first downlink transmit power.The method according to claim 8, wherein the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used for determining uplink transmit power.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first downlink transmit power is associated with a non-terrestrial network node.A communication method, comprising:receiving indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset; anddetermining first uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset.The method according to claim 11, wherein the first uplink transmit power is associated with a first beam, and the second downlink power offset is associated with the first beam.The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the method further comprises:receiving one or more signals associated with the first beam; andtransmitting information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, wherein the reception result is used to determine the second downlink transmit power offset.The method according to claim 13, wherein the reception result indicates the number of signals that were not received successfully in the one or more signals.The method according to claim 14, wherein transmitting information that indicates the reception result of the one or more signals, comprises:transmitting one or more acknowledgment (ACK) messages and / or negative acknowledgment (NACK) messages corresponding to the one or more signals, and the reception result indicates the number of NACK messages.The method according to claim 13, wherein the reception result indicates a channel state associated with the one or more signals.The method according to claim 16, wherein the channel state comprises one or more of: reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the second downlink transmit power offset is determined based on the reception result and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams that comprises the first beam.The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the method further comprises:determining second uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and a third downlink transmit power offset, the second uplink transmit power and the third downlink transmit power offset are associated with a second beam, the third downlink transmit power offset is determined based on the second downlink transmit power offset and downlink transmit power associated with a set of beams, the set of beams comprises the first beam and the second beam, and the indication information further indicates the third transmit power offset.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the second downlink transmit power offset is associated with a non-terrestrial network node.A communication method, comprising:receiving one or more signals associated with a first beam; andtransmitting first information, wherein the first information indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, and the first information is used to determine first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam.A communication method, comprising:transmitting indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, wherein the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used to determine first uplink power.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22.The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein comprising:transmitting unit, configured to transmit one or more signals associated with a first beam;receiving unit, configured to receive information that indicates a reception result of the one or more signals; anddetermining unit, configured to determine first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam based on the reception result.The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein comprising:receiving unit, configured to receive indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset; anddetermining unit, configured to determine first uplink transmit power based on the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset.The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein comprising:receiving unit, configured to receive one or more signals associated with a first beam; andtransmitting unit, configured to transmit first information, wherein the first information indicates a reception result of the one or more signals, and the first information is used to determine first downlink transmit power associated with the first beam.The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein comprising:transmitting unit, configured to transmit indication information that indicates a first downlink transmit power offset and a second downlink transmit power offset, wherein the first downlink transmit power offset and the second downlink transmit power offset are used to determine first uplink power.The communication apparatus of claim 23, comprising:one or more processors, configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22;an interface circuit, configure to perform transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22.The communication apparatus of claim 28, the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22.A computer program product having instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, or 11 to 20, or 21, or 22.