Module including active material and manufacturing method therefor

Abstract

The present invention provides: a module including a sealed housing and an active material containing alcohol, magnesium oxide, and vanadium oxide; and a manufacturing method therefor. In addition, the module according to the present invention can obtain high heat even with low energy, and thus is economical and eco-friendly, and can be applied to various industrial fields such as heating, space heating, drying, heat exchangers, and medical care.

Description

Module containing an active substance and method for manufacturing the same

[0001] The present invention relates to a module comprising a sealed housing and an active material containing magnesium oxide and vanadium oxide, specifically wherein the ratio of vanadium oxide to magnesium oxide is 1 to 5, a heat source is attached to the outside of the module, and the module is interconnectable so that the system can be expanded by changing the configuration or adding additional modules as needed.

[0002] To obtain thermal energy, methods such as burning wood, coal, oil, LPG, or LNG, or utilizing electricity are used. When fossil fuels are burned, they generate CO2 gas, the main culprit behind global warming, and cause severe air pollution due to soot; on the other hand, while electricity can provide relatively clean thermal energy, it has the problem of high production costs.

[0003] In particular, electric pipe heaters that utilize the electrical resistance of nichrome wire consume a large amount of electricity, and if the nichrome wire inside the pipe is severed, the electric pipe heater becomes unusable; similarly, expensive quartz tube vacuum heaters that use carbon fiber as heating elements have the problem of becoming unusable if the heating element is severed.

[0004] In addition, kerosene or gas heaters used for heating have the problem of causing indoor oxygen deficiency and generating large amounts of CO2, the main culprit of global warming.

[0005] Accordingly, the inventors intend to present a method and module for obtaining economical and clean thermal energy with low energy consumption, based on the results of their research.

[0006] As a result of research to solve the problems of the prior art, the inventors discovered a module that emits economical and clean thermal energy with low energy consumption and a method for manufacturing the same, thereby completing the present invention.

[0007] Accordingly, the objective of the present invention is to provide a sealed housing with excellent thermal conductivity and an active material containing magnesium oxide and vanadium oxide, which can be utilized in various industries such as heating, cooking appliance heaters, radiators, dryers, automobiles, ships, aviation, plant cultivation, livestock farming, and waste heat recycling, with the goal of a heating module having a fast heat transfer rate of 1.33 m / min, a low heat reduction rate of 10% or less, and a long duration.

[0008] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0009] Various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for a complete understanding of the present invention, various specific details, such as specific forms, compositions, and processes, are described. However, specific embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or in combination with other known methods and forms. In other examples, known processes and manufacturing techniques are not described as specific details so as not to make the present invention unnecessary or obscure. Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment implies that the particular features, forms, compositions, or characteristics described in association with the embodiment are included in one or more embodiments of the present invention. Accordingly, the circumstances of the embodiments expressed at various locations throughout this specification do not necessarily represent the same embodiment of the present invention. Additionally, particular features, forms, compositions, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable way in one or more embodiments. Unless otherwise defined in the specification, all scientific and technical terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0010] The term “housing” in the present invention refers to a structure having an internal space, stably stores an active material contained therein, and may include a portion composed of a conductor to provide electrical or thermal conductivity characteristics.

[0011] In addition, the housing may be a sealed structure used to protect the internal components of the module and isolate them from the external environment.

[0012] Although not limited thereto, the above housing may be a straight cylindrical, curved cylindrical, square pipe, lamp-shaped, plate-shaped structure, etc.

[0013] For example, the housing may be a cylindrical structure, one part of the housing may be one end of the cylindrical structure, another part of the housing (other part) may be the other end of the cylindrical structure, and the outer surface of the housing may be the outer circumference of the cylindrical structure (Fig. 1).

[0014] The term “iron” in this invention refers to a metal with high strength and good ductility, the chemical symbol of which is Fe and atomic number which is 26. Iron is one of the most widely used metals by humankind and is used in many fields, such as vehicles, ships, aircraft, houses, artificial frames, and various household goods.

[0015] The term “stainless” in this invention, also known as stainless steel or stainless steel, refers to a steel alloy containing chromium with iron as the main component. Because chromium forms an oxide film on the surface to protect the interior of the metal, stainless steel is less susceptible to rust and corrosion compared to ordinary steel and possesses superior durability, making it widely used in kitchenware, medical devices, and construction materials.

[0016] The term “copper” in this invention refers to a metal with the chemical element symbol Cu and atomic number 29, which has very high thermal and electrical conductivity and is used as a medium for transmitting heat or electricity, and is used as a raw material for building materials or various alloys.

[0017] The term “aluminum” in the present invention refers to a metal with the chemical element symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminum is a soft, silvery-white metal with abundant malleability and ductility, so it can be made into foils such as silver foil or wires, and has the characteristic of conducting electricity well.

[0018] The term “Titanium” in this invention refers to a metal with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22, which has high durability and excellent corrosion resistance, and is used in various applications requiring biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and heat resistance.

[0019] The term “ceramic” in this invention refers to a solid material of non-metallic inorganic material that is fired at high temperatures and possesses heat resistance, wear resistance, and insulation properties.

[0020] The term “Magnesium” in this invention refers to a metal with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12, which is a chemical element belonging to the alkaline earth metals. It is a lightweight metal with good corrosion resistance and is mainly used in structures, automotive parts, etc.

[0021] The term “Module” in this invention refers to a component or assembly designed to perform a specific function, which can be connected or assembled sequentially while performing independent functions. Such modules are characterized by being combined in various ways while maintaining their respective functional units, thereby enhancing the scalability and flexibility of the overall system. The modules of this invention are designed for easy assembly and disassembly and are interconnectible, allowing for configuration changes or system expansion by adding additional modules as needed. Through this, users can adjust the number and arrangement of modules to suit desired functions or applications, and the design facilitates easy maintenance and upgrades.

[0022] The term “Active Material” in this invention refers to a substance that induces a reaction or change to achieve the purpose of this invention. In this invention, the active material may exist in a liquid or solid state and is mixed with a solvent such as water or alcohol.

[0023] The term “magnesium oxide” in the present invention is a compound composed of magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O), which has properties such as heat resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and is used as a material for various industries.

[0024] The magnesium oxides mentioned above may include, but are not limited to, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), magnesium peroxide (MgO₂), magnesite (MgCO₃), and magnesium nitrite (Mg(NO₂)₂).

[0025] The term “vanadium oxide” in the present invention refers to a compound in various oxidation states composed of vanadium (V) and oxygen (O). Vanadium oxide has different electrical and thermal properties depending on each oxidation state and is mainly used as a catalyst, energy storage and electrically conductive material.

[0026] Although not limited thereto, the vanadium oxide may include vanadium pentoxide (V₂O), vanadium tetroxide (VO₂), vanadium trioxide (V₂O₃), vanadium dioxide (VO₂), and vanadium monoxide (VO).

[0027] The term “Alcohol” in the present invention refers to an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to a primary carbon atom, and signifies a substance that can be used as a solvent or reactant in the present invention; however, it is not limited thereto, but includes ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl acetate, ethyl cellolve, and methyl cellolve. In particular, “ethyl alcohol” refers to an alcohol represented by the chemical formula C₂HOH, which is a substance widely used as a disinfectant or solvent; “methyl alcohol” refers to an alcohol represented by the chemical formula CH₃OH, which is a solvent mainly used for industrial purposes; “isopropyl alcohol” refers to an alcohol represented by the chemical formula C₃HO, which is mainly used as a disinfectant and solvent; and “butyl acetate (Butyl “Acetate” refers to an ester compound, mainly used as a solvent, “Ethyl Cellosolve” refers to ethylene glycol ethyl ether, mainly used as a solvent or cleaning agent, and “Methyl Cellosolve” refers to ethylene glycol methyl ether, mainly used as a solvent.

[0028] The term “lithium” in this invention refers to a chemical element belonging to the alkali metals, with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is soft, silvery-white, and corrosive, and can be used in alloys for heat transfer or batteries. Furthermore, although lithium has the lowest reactivity among alkali metals, it still reacts very readily and forms compounds with various other elements while releasing heat.

[0029] The term “Yttria” in this invention refers to yttrium oxide, with the chemical formula Y₂O₃. Yttrium oxide is stable at high temperatures and possesses chemical resistance, making it widely used in ceramics, optical materials, lasers, and electronic devices.

[0030] The term “conductor” in this invention refers to a material capable of effectively transmitting electricity or heat, and includes free electrons or heat-transmitting particles within it. Conductors have low resistance, allowing for the efficient transmission of electrical or thermal energy, and examples include metals or alloys such as copper, aluminum, and gold.

[0031] The term “coating” in this invention refers to the process of forming a thin film on the surface of a substrate for purposes such as protection, decoration, or performance improvement.

[0032] The term “Ceramic Coating” in this invention refers to the process of coating a ceramic material onto the surface of a substrate to enhance heat resistance and wear resistance.

[0033] The term “Silica Sol” in this invention refers to a sol-state solution in which silica particles are dispersed, and signifies a material used in coatings, adhesives, etc.

[0034] The term “Alumina Sol” in this invention refers to a sol-state solution in which alumina particles are dispersed, and means a material used to impart heat resistance and wear resistance.

[0035] The term “Silane” in this invention refers to an organosilane compound, meaning a substance primarily used for improving adhesion or surface modification.

[0036] The term “curing agent” in this invention refers to a reactive agent used to cure materials such as coatings and adhesives.

[0037] The term “Sol-Gel Method” of the present invention refers to a manufacturing method for forming ceramic or glass structures through a chemical process in which a sol state is converted into a gel.

[0038] The term “Heat Source Inlet” in this invention refers to an inlet through which heat is supplied to equipment or a system.

[0039] The term “heating stick” in this invention refers to a rod-shaped component designed to generate or transfer heat, and can be used to heat a specific space or material by converting electrical or chemical energy into heat. In this invention, the heating stick is manufactured with consideration for portability, durability, and energy efficiency, and can provide a continuous or adjustable heat supply in specific situations. The heating stick may be included in heating products, hair styling devices, kitchenware, automotive products, etc.

[0040] The term “hair heat transfer device” of the present invention refers to a device designed to transfer heat to hair to assist in styling or care, and such a device generates heat in an electrical or chemical manner and transfers it to hair to facilitate maintaining the shape of the hair or grooming. The hair heat transfer device may include, but is not limited to, hair irons, curling irons, hair dryers, hot rollers, hair brush stylers, and hair steamers.

[0041] The term “heating device” in the present invention refers to a device used to raise the temperature by supplying heat to an indoor or localized space. The heating device includes a module described in the present invention to generate or transfer heat, and may use heat sources of electrical, chemical, or mechanical types. Furthermore, the heating device may be of a fixed or mobile structure and includes, but is not limited to, indoor heaters, radiators, hot air heaters, hot water circulation heaters, heating panels, floor heating systems, greenhouse heating devices, etc. Since the module of the present invention efficiently performs heat transfer of active substances using an external heat source, the heating device is capable of providing continuous heat with relatively low energy consumption and is applicable in various spaces and industrial environments.

[0042] The term “vacuum” in the present invention refers to a state in which the density of gas molecules is extremely low and has a pressure much lower than normal atmospheric pressure. Although vacuum refers to a state in which all air is completely removed, even at very low pressure, if there are almost no gas molecules, it can be considered a quasi-vacuum state and called a vacuum.

[0043]

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first aspect provides a module comprising a sealed housing and an active material containing alcohol, magnesium oxide, and vanadium oxide.

[0045] In the first embodiment, the second embodiment provides a module in which the ratio of alcohol to magnesium oxide is 1 to 10 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 5 based on magnesium oxide.

[0046] In the first or second embodiment, the third embodiment provides a module in which the ratio of alcohol is 3.5 to 7 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 2.5 based on magnesium oxide of the active material.

[0047] In any one of the first to third embodiments, the fourth embodiment provides a module in which the magnesium oxide is selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium peroxide, magnesite, and magnesium nitrite.

[0048] In any one of the first to fourth embodiments, the fifth embodiment provides a module in which the magnesium oxide is magnesium oxide.

[0049] A module in any one of the first to fifth embodiments, wherein the sixth embodiment is any one selected from the group consisting of vanadium monoxide, vanadium dioxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium tetroxide, and vanadium pentoxide.

[0050] In any one of the first to sixth embodiments, the seventh embodiment provides a module in which the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

[0051] In any one of the first to seventh embodiments, the eighth embodiment provides a module in which the active material further comprises one or more of lithium and yttria.

[0052] In any one of the first to eighth embodiments, the ninth embodiment provides a module in which the sealed housing comprises a portion that is a conductor.

[0053] In any one of the first to ninth embodiments, the tenth embodiment provides a module in which the material of the outer surface of the sealed housing is one or more selected from the group consisting of iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, ceramic, and magnesium alloy.

[0054] In any one of the first to ten embodiments, the eleventh embodiment provides a module in which the sealed housing comprises a coated outer surface.

[0055] In any one of the first to eleventh embodiments, the twelfth embodiment provides a module in which the coated outer surface is a ceramic coating of the jul-gel method using a silica sol or alumina sol with silane as a curing agent.

[0056] In any one of the first to twelfth embodiments, the twelfth embodiment provides a heating stick comprising a module described in the embodiment.

[0057] In any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments, the fourth embodiment provides a heat transfer device for hair comprising a module described in the above embodiment.

[0058] In any one of the first to fourth embodiments, the fifth embodiment provides a device in which the heat transfer device for hair is one or more selected from the group consisting of a hair iron, a curling iron, a hair dryer, a hot roller, a hair brush styler, and a hair steamer.

[0059] In any one of the first to fifteen embodiments, the 16th embodiment provides a heating device comprising a module described in the embodiment.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the 17th aspect provides a method for manufacturing a module comprising: welding and closing a portion of a housing; injecting an active substance containing alcohol, magnesium oxide, and vanadium oxide into the housing; and welding and closing another portion of the housing into which the active substance has been injected.

[0061] In the 17th embodiment, the 18th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the ratio of alcohol to magnesium oxide is 1 to 10 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 5 based on magnesium oxide.

[0062] In the 17th or 18th embodiment, the 19th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the magnesium oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium peroxide, magnesite and magnesium nitrite.

[0063] In any one of the 17th to 19th embodiments, the 20th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the magnesium oxide is magnesium oxide.

[0064] In any one of the 17th to 20th embodiments, the 21st embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the vanadium oxide is selected from the group consisting of vanadium monoxide, vanadium dioxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium tetroxide, and vanadium pentoxide.

[0065] In any one of the 17th to 21st embodiments, the 22nd embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

[0066] In any one of the 17th to 22nd embodiments, the 23rd embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the active material further comprises one or more of lithium and yttria.

[0067] In any one of the 17th to 23rd embodiments, the 24th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the housing comprises a portion that is a conductor.

[0068] In any one of the 17th to 24th embodiments, the 25th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the material of the outer surface of the housing is one or more selected from the group consisting of iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, ceramic, and magnesium alloy.

[0069] In any one of the 17th to 25th embodiments, the 26th embodiment further comprises the step of coating the outer surface of the housing, thereby providing a method for manufacturing a module.

[0070] In any one of the 17th to 26th embodiments, the 27th embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a module in which the coating is a ceramic coating of the jul-gel method using a silica sol or alumina sol with silane as a curing agent.

[0071] The module of the present invention, comprising a sealed housing and an active material containing magnesium oxide and vanadium oxide, can achieve the same heating effect while reducing electricity consumption by 20 to 60% compared to a conventional electric pipe heater, and since the heat source is attached to the outside of the module, it is easy to repair in case of failure, and the module itself can be used semi-permanently.

[0072] In addition, the ceramic coating on the exterior of the module converts heat into radiant heat and radiates it, allowing heat to be transferred from high-temperature areas to low-temperature areas. Furthermore, the far-infrared effect helps create a comfortable indoor environment, making it useful for plant cultivation in greenhouses.

[0073] The module of the present invention, comprising a sealed housing and an active material containing magnesium oxide and vanadium oxide, has excellent thermal conductivity and can be used as a heat exchanger utilizing waste heat.

[0074] Furthermore, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and should be understood to include all effects that can be inferred from the configuration of the invention described in the detailed description or claims of the present invention.

[0075] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module, where 100 is a heat source injection part into which a heat source is injected, which is a part of the greenhouse and is one end of a cylindrical pipe, 200 is a wing, 300 is an outer surface, and 400 is another part of the greenhouse, which is also called a cap and represents the other end of a cylindrical pipe.

[0076] Figure 2 is a figure showing the temperature change over time in other parts when 80℃, 100℃, an electric heater of 100W, and an electric heater of 300W are used as heat sources.

[0077] The present invention will be described in more detail below through examples. These examples are intended solely to explain the present invention more specifically, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples according to the gist of the invention.

[0078]

[0079] Example 1. Manufacturing of a module

[0080] The module of the present invention was manufactured in the following manner.

[0081] A part of a stainless steel housing with a thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 15 mm, and a length of 400 mm was closed by electric welding a disc of titanium metal with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a diameter of 15 mm.

[0082] An active substance was prepared by adding 0.5g of magnesium oxide (MgO) and 1g of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) with a size of 300nm to 2.5g of methyl alcohol and mixing.

[0083] After injecting an active substance into a housing with a closed part, the air inside the housing was removed to create a near-vacuum state, and the other part was closed by electric welding with a 0.5mm thick metallic titanium material.

[0084] Subsequently, a module utilizing the active material was completed by coating the outer surface of the housing with a ceramic coating agent containing iron oxide.

[0085] Example 2. Experiment to verify the heat transfer rate and heat loss of the module

[0086] A portion of the 400mm long stainless steel module of Example 1 was immersed in hot water at 80°C and 100°C to a height of about 5cm to heat the entire module uniformly. Additionally, electric energy from an electric heater of 100W and 500W was supplied to a portion of the module. After heating, the temperature of the portion furthest from the heat source supplied (another portion) was measured at intervals of 20 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes.

[0087] Time (min) 00.3 135 10 Decrease Rate (%) Water 80 ℃ 55 ℃ 65 ℃ 68 ℃ 68 ℃ 68 ℃ 15 Water 100 ℃ 75 ℃ 82 ℃ 85 ℃ 86 ℃ 86 ℃ 14 Electric Heater 100W 135 ℃ 105 ℃ 110 ℃ 120 ℃ 121 ℃ 121 ℃ 10 Electric Heater 300W 230 ℃ 180 ℃ 215 ℃ 220 ℃ 222 ℃ 222 ℃ 3

[0088] Due to thermal or electrical energy, the active material vaporizes from a liquid or solid state into a gaseous state, generating kinetic energy, and said kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy to heat the entire module.

[0089] Table 1 above shows the initial temperature of the heat source injection section and the resulting temperature changes in other parts over time. In the table, the rate of decrease refers to the ratio of the decrease from the initial temperature of the heat source to the final measured temperature. It can be seen that the module's heat transfer rate is fast at 1.33 m / min, and it exhibits a low heat loss rate of approximately 10% or less after heat transfer and a long duration. When the heat source is water, additional temperature reduction occurred simply because the temperature of the heat source decreases over time; however, when the temperature of the heat source is continuously maintained, such as with an electric heater, a rate of decrease of less than 10% was observed. In particular, the active material was not fully activated within the initial 30 seconds but became activated over time, thereby increasing the heat transfer of the module and extending the heat duration.

[0090] Foregoing, specific parts of the present invention have been described in detail. It is evident to those skilled in the art that such specific descriptions are merely preferred embodiments and do not limit the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the actual scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Sealed housing and A module comprising an active material containing alcohol, magnesium oxide, and vanadium oxide.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above active material is a module in which the ratio of alcohol is 1 to 10 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 5, based on magnesium oxide.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above active substance is a module in which the ratio of alcohol is 3.5 to 7 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 2.5 based on magnesium oxide.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above magnesium oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium peroxide, magnesite, and magnesium nitrite, a module.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above magnesium oxide is a module that is magnesium oxide.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above vanadium oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of vanadium monoxide, vanadium dioxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium tetroxide, and vanadium pentoxide, a module.

7. In Paragraph 1, The above vanadium oxide is a module, which is vanadium pentoxide.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above active material is a module further comprising one or more of lithium and yttria.

9. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned sealed housing is a module comprising a portion that is a conductor.

10. In Paragraph 1, A module in which the material of the outer surface of the above-mentioned sealed housing is one or more selected from the group consisting of iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, ceramic, and magnesium alloy.

11. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned sealed housing is a module comprising a coated outer surface.

12. In Paragraph 11, The above-mentioned coated outer surface is a module, which is a ceramic coating of the jul-gel method using silane as a curing agent in silica sol or alumina sol.

13. A heating stick comprising the module described in claim 1.

14. A heat transfer device for hair comprising the module described in claim 1.

15. In Paragraph 14, The above-mentioned heat transfer device for hair is a device comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of a hair iron, a curling iron, a hair dryer, a hot roller, a hair brush styler, and a hair steamer.

16. A heating device comprising the module described in claim 1.

17. A step of closing a part of the housing by welding; A step of injecting an active substance containing alcohol, magnesium oxide, and vanadium oxide into the above housing; A method for manufacturing a module comprising the step of welding and sealing another part of the housing into which the above active material has been injected.

18. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module in which the ratio of alcohol to magnesium oxide is 1 to 10 and the ratio of vanadium oxide is 1 to 5, based on the active material.

19. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module, wherein the magnesium oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium peroxide, magnesite, and magnesium nitrite.

20. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module in which the above magnesium oxide is magnesium oxide.

21. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module, wherein the vanadium oxide is any one selected from the group consisting of vanadium monoxide, vanadium dioxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium tetroxide, and vanadium pentoxide.

22. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module in which the above vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

23. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module, wherein the above active material further comprises one or more of lithium and yttria.

24. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module in which the above housing includes a portion that is a conductor.

25. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module, wherein the material of the outer surface of the above housing is one or more selected from the group consisting of iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, ceramic, and magnesium alloy.

26. In Paragraph 17, A method for manufacturing a module, further comprising the step of coating the outer surface of the housing.

27. In Paragraph 26, A method for manufacturing a module, wherein the above coating is a ceramic coating of the gel method using a silica sol or alumina sol with silane as a curing agent.

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