Aquaculture feed with toxin binder

Abstract

An aquaculture feed includes a base feed and an additive pack. The base feed includes a source of protein, a source of fat, and a source of carbohydrates. The additive pack includes a toxin binder, an antioxidant, a prebiotic, and a nucleotide. Methods of making aquaculture feed and methods of feeding aquatic animals are also provided.

Description

PT-2143-WO-PCTAQUACULTURE FEED WITH TOXIN BINDERCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 720.818, filed November 15, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.SUMMARY

[0002] In general, the present disclosure provides various aspects of an aquaculture feed composition including a base feed component and an additive pack. The base feed composition further includes a source of protein, a source of fat, and a source of carbohydrates. The additive pack includes a toxin binder; an antioxidant, a prebiotic, and a nucleotide.

[0003] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition has a protein concentration in a range of about 30 wt-% to 50 wt-%. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition has a digestible protein content of about 300 g / kg to 500 g / kg.

[0004] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition has a fat concentration in a range of about 15 wt-% to 45 wt-%. In some aspects, the fat has a digestible fat content of about 90 % to 98 %.

[0005] In some aspects, the base feed component comprises fish meal at a concentration of 12 wt-% to 40 wt-%, based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the base feed component comprises animal by-products at a concentration of 34 wt-% or less based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0006] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includes methionine in a range of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includes choline in a range of 1500 mg / kg to 3500 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the additive pack includes arginine in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includes vitamin E in a range of about 200 mg / kg to 800 mg / kg based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includes vitamin C in a range of about 600 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0007] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includes combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of 1.0 wt-% to 5 wt-%-% based on total amount of fatty acids. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition includesPT-2143-WO-PCTcombined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 6 wt-% to 12 wt-% based on total amount of fatty acids.

[0008] In some aspects, the additive pack includes prebiotics in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the prebiotics includes one of more of yeast cell walls, beta-glucans, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), galactomannanoligosaccharides (GMOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, chitin, chitosan, peptidoglycans, arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), or combinations of two or more thereof.

[0009] In some aspects, the additive pack includes nucleotides in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the additive pack includes antioxidants in a range of about 0.02 wt-% to 0.1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the antioxidants includes one or more of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a carotenoid, a flavonoid phenolic acid, a vitamin, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0010] In some aspects, the toxin binder is present in the aquaculture feed composition in a range of 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition. In some aspects, the toxin binder includes one or more of zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, leonardite, yeast, yeast cell wall, diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activated mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite, montmorillonite, or a combination of two or more thereof. In some aspects, the toxin binder includes one or more minerals, wherein the minerals are present at a total concentration of 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0011] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition is free of blood meal.

[0012] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for salmon. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for fish having a body mass of 50 g to 500 g, 500 g to 1000 g, or 1000 g to 3000 g.

[0013] In some aspects the present disclosure provides various methods of feeding fish in an aquaculture system. The method includes administering to the fish an amount of the aquaculture feed composition of any one of the preceding claims. The method further includes reducing mortality of the fish at a given point in the fish's lifecycle by 30 % or more compared to feeding the fish the base feed component only. In some aspects, the method further includes feeding fish in an aquaculture system where the aquaculture feed composition is a primary food source of the fish.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0014] The above summary is not intended to describe each embodiment or every implementation. Rather, a more complete understanding of illustrative embodiments will become apparent and appreciated by reference to the following Detailed Description and claims.DEFINITIONS

[0015] All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified. The definitions provided herein are to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0016] The term “about’7is used here in conjunction with numeric values to include normal variations in measurements as expected by persons skilled in the art, and is understood to have the same meaning as “approximately” and to cover a typical margin of error, such as ±5 % of the stated value.

[0017] Terms such as “a,” “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration.

[0018] The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are used interchangeably with the term “at least one.” The phrases “at least one of’ and “comprises at least one of’ followed by a list refers to any one of the items in the list and any combination of two or more items in the list.

[0019] As used here, the term “or” is generally employed in its usual sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The term “and / or” means one or all of the listed elements or a combination of any two or more of the listed elements.

[0020] Values expressed in a range format should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range were explicitly recited. For example, a range of “about 0.1 % to about 5 %” or “about 0.1 % to 5 %” should be interpreted to include not just about 0.1 % to about 5 %, but also the individual values (e.g., 1 %, 2 %, 3 %. and 4 %) and the sub-ranges (e.g., 0.1 % to 0.5 %. 1.1 % to 2.2 %, 3.3 % to 4.4 %) within the indicated range. The statement “about X to Y” has the same meaning as “about X to about Y,” unless indicated otherwise. Likewise, the statement “about X, Y, or about Z” has the same meaning as “about X, about Y, or about Z,” unless indicated otherwise.

[0021] Unless expressly stated, percentage, and ratios are on a weight basis. Percentage on a weight basis is also referred to as wt-%.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0022] The term “substantially” as used here has the same meaning as “nearly completely,” and can be understood to modify the term that follows by at least about 90 %, at least about 95 %, or at least about 98 %.

[0023] The term “substantially free” as used here has the same meaning as “nearly completely free.” The term “substantially free” maybe interpreted in the context of the substance that is being discussed and can be understood to refer to an amount that is at least about 99 %less than atypical amount of the substance. For example, in reference to a substance that may typically be present at a level of about 100 ppm, substantially free may be understood to refer to less than 1 ppm of the substance.

[0024] As used here, “have,” “having,” “include,” “including,” “comprise,” “comprising,” or the like are used in their open-ended sense, and means “including, but not limited to.” It will be understood that “consisting essentially of,” “consisting of,” and the like are subsumed in “comprising” and the like. As used herein, “consisting essentially of,” as it relates to a composition, product, method, or the like, means that the components of the composition, product, method, or the like are limited to the enumerated components and any other components that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the composition, product, method, or the like.

[0025] The words “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the disclosure, including the claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present disclosure relates to aquaculture feeds that contain a base feed and an additive pack. In particular, the present disclosure relates to aquaculture feeds that provide a holistic approach to improving fish health and reducing fish mortality.

[0027] Increases in certain negative health effects have been observed in fish in aquaculture systems in recent years. In particular, increased mortality has been observed in cultured salmon. Many of such negative health effects may be interconnected, leading to a cycle of poor organ function, compromised immune response, slow growth, reduced feed intake, lowered resistance to stress factors, and increased mortality. Without wishing to be bound by theory, at least some of the negative effects on the health of fish are believed to be caused or exacerbated by environmentalPT-2143-WO-PCTchanges, including climate change, and warming of sea water. Further, it is thought that some of the negative health effects may be caused by the presence or increase in the amount and / or types of mycotoxins in aquaculture feeds. Some of the negative health effects may also be caused by the presence or increase in the amount other toxins and / or pollution in the environment. It would be desirable to provide a feed composition that can reduce or prevent such negative health effects. It would be desirable to provide a feed composition that can reduce the mortality of fish in aquaculture systems. It would be desirable to provide a feed composition that can improve the immune system and the ability to respond to stress factors. It would be desirable to provide a feed composition that can increase feed intake and growth. According to embodiments, the aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure are capable of reducing and / or preventing the negative health effects. According to embodiments, the aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure are capable of reducing the mortality7of fish in aquaculture systems. According to embodiments, the aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure are capable of improving the immune system and the ability to respond to stress factors. According to embodiments, the aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure are capable of increasing feed intake and growth.

[0028] The aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure provide a holistic response to the negative health effects recently observed in aquaculture systems. For example, the aquaculture feeds of the present disclosure combine several or all of the following: balanced nutrition, liver function support, blood circulation support, high digestibility, high digestible energy, high digestible protein, high levels of beneficial vitamins, high levels of beneficial minerals, broad spectrum toxin binder, components to support and enhance immunity, and components to reduce oxidative stress.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present technology, the aquaculture feed includes a base feed and an additive pack. The base feed includes compounded mixtures containing various nutritional sources such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.Protein Source

[0030] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the aquaculture feed includes protein. The protein may be provided from any suitable protein source. A protein source may include one or more suitable protein sources for mixing into aquaculture feed. Examples of suitable protein sources include meat meal, or a product produced from soy. pea, beans, com. pork, poultry, guar, fish, or any combination of two or more thereof. In some aspects, the protein source is free or substantially free of blood meal. In another aspect, the protein source may include fish meal. InPT-2143-WO-PCTanother aspect, the protein source includes animal by-products. In some aspects, the protein source may include protein and additionally fat and / or carbohydrates.

[0031] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may be modified depending on the grow th stages of the target fish. For example, it may be beneficial for a fish at an early stage of growth to consume more protein and less fat compared to a fish at a later stage of growth. In one aspect, “early stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 50 to 500 grams in weight. In another aspect, “middle stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 1000 to 3000 grams in weight. In another aspect, “late stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 50 to 500 grams in weight. The stages of growth may be variable depending on the species, age, and other factors.

[0032] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may be modified depending on the species of the target fish. While there may be overlap in the ranges, it may be beneficial to include a higher or low er amount of some nutrients for specific species. For example, as a general comparison, a feed for salmon may include higher fat but lower protein content than a feed for sea bass when comparing the same fish size.Fish Meal

[0033] The protein source present in the aquaculture feed may include fish meal. The protein source may include one or more types of fish meal. In some aspects, the fish meal present may include fat, protein, carbohydrates, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0034] In some aspects, the amount of fish meal is not particularly limited, for example, the fish meal may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0 wt-% or greater, about 5 wt-% or greater, about 10 wt-% or greater, about 15 wt-% or greater, about 20 wt-% or greater, about 25 wt-% or greater, about 30 wt-% or greater, about 35 wt-% or greater, about 40 wt-% or greater, about 50 wt-% or greater, about 60 wt-% or greater, about 70 wt-% or greater, about 80 wt-% or greater, or about 90 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the amount of fish meal is not particularly limited, for example, the fish meal may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 95 wt-% or lower, about 90 wt-% or lower, about 80 wt-% or lower, about 70 wt-% or lower, about 60 wt-% or lower, about 50 wt-% or lower, about 40 wt-% or lower, about 35 wt-% or low er, about 30 wt-% or low er, about 25 wt-% or low er, about 20 wt-% or lower, about 15 wt-% or low er, about 10 wt-% or lower, or about 5 wt-% or lower. In some representative aspects, the fish meal may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% to 95 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 80 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 10 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 10 wt-% to 30 wt-%, or about 12 wt-% to 40 wt-%. In a preferred aspect, the fish meal may bePT-2143-WO-PCTpresent in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 30 wt-% or greater. In another preferred aspect, the fish meal may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 20 wt-% or greater. In a preferred aspect, the fish meal may be present in the aquaculture feed for a late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 15 wt-% or greater.Animal By-product

[0035] The protein source may include a suitable animal by-product. The protein source may include one or more suitable animal by-products. A suitable animal by-product may include byproducts from the slaughter and processing of animals, tallow, gelatin, casein, bone meal, blood meal, guanine, glycerol, meat meal, feather meal, plasma, or any combination of two or more thereof. In some aspects, the animal by-product free or substantially free of blood meal.

[0036] In some aspects, the animal by-product may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0 wt-% or greater, about 5 wt-% or greater, about 10 wt-% or greater, about 20 wt-% or greater, or about 25 wt-% or greater. In some representative aspects, the animal byproducts may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 30 wt-% or lower, about 25 wt-% or lower, about 20 wt-% or lower, about 15 wt-% or lower, about 10 wt-% or lower, or about 5 wt-% or lower. In a another aspect, the animal by-product may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 34 wt-% or less. In another preferred aspect, the animal by-products may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0 wt-% to 30 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 30 wt-%, about 10 wt-% to 30 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 30 wt-%, 20 wt-% to 30 wt-%, or 25 wt-% to 30 wt-%. In a some aspects, the animal by-product present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish is about 25 wt-% or lower. In another preferred aspect, the animal by-product present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish is about 30 wt-% or lower. In another preferred aspect, the animal by-product present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish is about 30 wt-% or lower.

[0037] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the amount of various protein sources is selected to arrive at a desired protein content of the aquaculture feed. The amount of various protein sources may also be selected based on other desired nutritional factors and macro and micronutrients, such as desired amino acid profile, fat content, iron content, or the like. The amount of protein may be expressed either as crude protein or as digestible protein.PT-2143-WO-PCTCrude Protein

[0038] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of a protein source. The relative amount of the protein source in the aquaculture feed depends on the protein content of the protein source and on the desired protein content of the feed. In some aspects, the protein source present in the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to achieve a desirable amount of protein (expressed either as crude protein or as digestible protein). In some aspects, the protein source acts as a source of both protein and fat.

[0039] The crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 30 wt-% or greater, about 35 wt-% or greater, about 40 wt-% or greater, about 45 wt-% or greater, or about 50 wt-% or greater. The crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 50 wt-% or lower, about 45 wt-% or lower, about 40 wt-% or lower, or about 35 wt-% or lower. The crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 30 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 35 wt-% to 45 wt-%, or about 40 wt-% to 45 wt-%. In a preferred aspect, crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 44 wt-% or greater. In another preferred aspect, crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 42 wt-% or greater. In a preferred aspect, crude protein may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration about 40 wt-% or greater. Crude protein present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the species, age, size, and target fish.

[0040] Crude protein is generally measured by measuring the nitrogen content of a material and multiplying it by a factor of 6.25. The crude protein content of the aquaculture feed may be measured by the AO AC Official Method of Analysis 990.03for determining crude protein in animal feed.Digestible Protein

[0041] The aquaculture feed may include any desired amount of protein. In some aspects, the protein present in the aquaculture feed may be expressed as a digestible protein. In some aspects, the protein source acts as a source of digestible protein and digestible fat. In some aspects, the protein source present in the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to achieve a desirable amount of digestible protein.

[0042] Digestible protein refers to the portion of protein that a target animal is capable of digesting. Generally, digestible protein may be measured by measuring the amount proteinPT-2143-WO-PCTconsumed by the animal and comparing it to the amount of undigested protein (protein present) in its feces. The digestible protein content of the aquaculture feed may be measured by in vivo or in vitro trial, by laboratory analysis, NIR (near infrared analysis), or using reference materials (e.g., digestible protein values of raw materials used in the feed).

[0043] The amount of digestible protein may be expressed as the amount of digestible protein (in grams) in a kilogram of aquaculture feed. In some aspects, the digestible protein may be present at a concentration about 300 g / kg or greater, about 350 g / kg or greater, about 400 g / kg or greater, or about 450 g / kg or greater. In some aspects, the digestible protein may be present at a concentration about 500 g / kg or lower, about 450 g / kg or lower, about 400 g / kg or lower, about 350 g / kg or lower, or about 310 g / kg or lower. In some aspects, the digestible protein may be present at a concentration about 300 g / kg to 500 g / kg, about 350 g / kg to 450 g / kg, or about 370 g / kg to 400 g / kg.

[0044] In some aspects, the digestible protein for an early stage growth fish may be present at a concentration of about 400 g / kg. In some aspects, the digestible protein for a middle stage growth fish may be present at a concentration of about 385 g / kg. In some aspects, the digestible protein for late stage grow th fish may be present at a concentration of about 370 g / kg.Iron

[0045] Typical aquaculture feeds include iron. Iron sources may include fish meal, blood meal, animal by-products, and the like. However, it may be desirable to limit the amount of iron present in the aquaculture feed compared to ty pical aquaculture feeds. Certain parasites (e.g., certain bacteria) may use iron that is present on the skin of the fish to proliferate. The growth of such parasites in an aquaculture depends on the supplementation of iron. Several pathways for iron acquisition have been described for P. salmonis. It has been reported that iron deprivation is an innate immunity mechanism through which resistant families of Atlantic salmon, but not susceptible families, can limit the iron available for P. salmonis, inhibiting its proliferation. To control the availability’ of iron may be used to combat infection in fish that are not naturally resistant. Thus, it may be desirable to reduce the available iron by reducing the amount of iron in the aquaculture feed. The amount of iron may be reduced by limiting or excluding sources of iron, in particular blood meal. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed is free or substantially free of blood meal.

[0046] The amount of available iron may also be reduced by including one or more iron chelators in the aquaculture feed. Iron chelators may deprive the bacterium of this nutrient, yvhichPT-2143-WO-PCTcould help prevent its proliferation and the resulting disease. Examples of suitable iron chelators include proanthocyanidins, epicatechins, flavonols, anthocyanin, and any combination of two or more thereof.Fat Source

[0047] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the aquaculture feed includes fat. The fat may include one or more suitable fat sources. Examples of suitable fat sources include fish oil, poultry oil, canola oil, algae oil, or any combination of two or more thereof.

[0048] In some aspects, the amount of fat may be modified depending on the different growth stages of a fish. For example, it may be beneficial for a fish at an early stage of growth to consume more protein and less fat compared to a fish at a later stage of growth. In one aspect, “early stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 50 to 500 grams in weight. In one another aspect, “middle stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 1000 to 3000 grams in weight. In another aspect, “late stage growth” may be described as a fish measuring 50 to 500 grams in weight. The stages of growth may be variable depending on the species, age, and other factors.Crude Fat

[0049] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the amount of various fat sources is selected to arrive at a desired fat content of the aquaculture feed. The amount of various fat sources may also be selected based on other desired nutritional factors and macro and micronutrients, such as a desired fatty' acid profile. The amount of fat may be expressed either as crude fat or as digestible fat.

[0050] The crude fat content of the aquaculture feed may be measured by AO AC Official Method of Analysis 954.02 for determining crude fat in animal feed.

[0051] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of a fat source. In some aspects, the amount of fat present in the aquaculture feed may be expressed as a crude fat concentration. In some aspects, the amount of fat source present in the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to achieve a desirable amount of crude fat. In some aspects, the crude fat may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 15 wt-% or greater, about 20 wt-% or greater, about 25 wt-% or greater, about 30 wt-% or greater, about 35 wt-% or greater, about 40 wt-% or greater, or about 45 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the crude fat may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 50 wt-% or lower, about 45 wt-% or lower, about 40 wt-% or lower, about 35 wt-% or lower, about 30 wt-% or lower, about 25 wt-% or lower, or about 20 wt-% orPT-2143-WO-PCTlower. In some aspects, the crude fat may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 15 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 45 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 35 wt-%, or about 20 wt-% to 30 wt-%. In some aspects ,the crude fat present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 23 wt-% or greater. In another preferred aspect, the crude fat present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 25 wt-% or greater. In another preferred aspect, the crude fat present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 28 wt-% or greater.Digestible Fat

[0052] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of a fat source. In some aspects, the fat source present in the aquaculture feed may be expressed as a digestible fat. In some aspects, the fat source acts as a source of digestible protein and digestible fat. In some aspects, the fat source present in the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to achieve a desirable amount of digestible fat.

[0053] Digestible fat refers to the portion of fat that a target animal is capable of digesting. Generally, digestible fat may be measured by measuring the amount fat consumed by the animal and comparing it to the amount of undigested fat (fat present) in its feces. The digestible fat content of the aquaculture feed may be measured by in vivo or in vitro trial, by laboratory analysis, NIR, or using reference materials (e.g., digestible fat values of raw- materials used in the feed). The amount of digestible fat may be expressed as a portion of the total fat, e g., as the percentage of digestible fat present in the fat.

[0054] In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat may be about 90 % or greater, about 92 % or greater, about 94 % or greater, about 96 % or greater, or about 97 % or greater. In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat may be about 98 % or less, 96 % or less, 94 % or less, 92 % or less, or about 91 % or less. In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat may be about 90 % to 98 %, about 92 % to 98 %, about 94 % to 98 %, about 96 % to 98 %, or about 97 % to 98 %.

[0055] In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat for an early stage grow th fish may be about 98 %. In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat for a middle stage growth fish may be about 98 %. In some aspects, the digestible fat present in the fat for late stage growth fish may be about 98 %.PT-2143-WO-PCTOmega-3 Fatty Acids

[0056] According to an aspect, the aquaculture feed includes one or more omega-3 fatty acids. Examples of suitable omega-3 fatty' acids include EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), or any combination of two of more thereof.

[0057] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of omega-3 fatty acids. In some aspects, the suitable omega-3 fatty acid amount may be expressed as a concentration of the total aquaculture feed. In another aspect, specific fatty' acids (e.g., EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)) may be expressed as a concentration of the total aquaculture feed. In another aspect, specific fatty acids (e.g., EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)) may be expressed as a percentage relative to the total fatty' acids present in the aquaculture feed.

[0058] In some aspects, the omega-3 fatty acids are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or lower, about 4 wt-% or lower, about 3 wt-% or lower, about 2 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or lower, or about 0.5 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, the omega-3 fatty acids are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.4 wt-% or greater, about 0.6 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 2 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, about 4 wt-% or greater, or about 4.5 wt-% or greater. In another aspect, the omega-3 fatty' acids are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.4 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 1.5 wt-% to 2.5 wt-%, or about 2 wt-%.

[0059] In some aspects, specific fatty acids (e.g., EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)) may be expressed as a concentration of the total aquaculture feed. In some aspects, the omega-3 fatty’ acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or lower, about 4 wt-% or lower, about 3 wt-% or lower, about 2 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or lower, or about 0.5 wt-% or low er. In some aspects, the fatty acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.4 wt-% or greater, about 0.6 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 2 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, about 4 wt-% or greater, or about 4.5 wt-% or greater. In another aspect, the fatty acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.4 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 1.5 wt-% to 2.5 wt-%, or about 2 wt-%. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the fatty' acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2 wt-% or greater. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the fatty acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2 wt-% or greater. In some aspects of the present disclosure,PT-2143-WO-PCTthe fatty acids EPA and DHA are present in the aquaculture feed for a late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2 wt-% or greater.

[0060] In another aspect, specific fatty7acids (e.g., EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)) may be expressed as a percentage relative to the total fatty7acids present in the aquaculture feed. The term “EPA / DHA of total fatty acids’7refers to the combined amount of EPA and DHA present relative to the total amount of fatty acids in the aquaculture feed. Tn some aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty7acids may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 2 wt-% or greater, about 4 wt-% or greater, about 6 wt-% or greater, about 8 wt-% or greater, about 10 wt-% or greater, about 11 wt-% or greater. In some representative aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty acids are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 12 wt-% or lower, about 11 wt-% or lower, about 10 wt-% or low er, about 8 wt-% or low er, about 6 wt-% or lower, or about 4 wt-% or lower. In some representative aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty acids are present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 6 wt-% to 12 wt-%. In some representative aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty acids may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 9 wt-% or greater. In some representative aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty7acids may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 8 wt-% or greater. In some representative aspects, the EPA / DHA of total fatty acids may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 9 wt-% or greater.Carbohydrate Source

[0061] According to an aspect, the aquaculture feed includes a carbohydrate source. The carbohydrate source may include one or more of any suitable carbohydrate sources. Examples of a carbohydrate source may include various grains, grain components, and grain-based byproducts, such as raw wheat, wheat flour, wheat gluten, com, com gluten meal, soybean, peas, pea starch, rice, millet, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, DDG (distillers dried grains), DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles), or any combination of two or more thereof. Examples of suitable carriers include wheat, barley, soybean meal, dehulled fava bean, pea starch, dehulled pea, and the like, or combinations of two or more thereof. Furthermore, the carbohydrate present in the aquaculture feed may be modified depending on the different growth stages of a fish.PT-2143-WO-PCTFiber

[0062] One or more of the sources or protein, fat, and carbohydrates may also include fiber. While some amount of fiber may be included in the aquaculture feed, it may be desirable to limit the amount of fiber. Furthermore, the amount fiber present in the aquaculture feed may be modified depending on the different growth stages of a fish. The amount of fiber may be expressed as crude fiber. Crude fiber content may be measured by AOAC Official Method of Analysis 962.09 for determining crude fiber in animal feed.

[0063] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of fiber. In some aspects, the crude fiber may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, or about 4.9 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the crude fiber may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or lower, about 3 wt-% or lower, or about 1 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, the crude fiber may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 2 wt-% to 4 wt-%, or about 2.5 wt-% to 3.5 wt-%.

[0064] In some aspects, the crude fiber present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 3 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the crude fiber present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 3 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the crude fiber present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 3 wt-% or greater.Digestible Energy

[0065] The total energy content of the aquaculture feed may be expressed as a digestible energy. In some aspects, the composition of the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to achieve a desirable amount of digestible energy. For example, in some aspects, the amount of digestible energy may be modified depending on the growth stages of a fish.

[0066] A suitable method for determining the digestible energy present is measuring by in vivo or in vitro trial, or by measured by in vivo or in vitro trial, by laboratory analysis. NIR. or using reference materials (e.g., digestible energy values of raw materials used in the feed).

[0067] In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may have a digestible energy' content about 10 MJ / kg or greater, about 20 MJ / kg or greater, or about 29 MJ / kg or greater. In some aspects, aquaculture feed may have a digestible energy’ content of about 30 MJ / kg lower, about 20 MJ / kg or lower, or about 11 MJ / kg or lower. In some aspects, aquaculture feed may have a digestible energy content of about 10 MJ / kg to 30 MJ / kg, about 15 MJ / kg to 25 MJ / kg, or about 20 MJ / kgPT-2143-WO-PCTto 22 MJ / kg. In some aspects, an aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish may have a digestible energy content of about 20.2 MJ / kg based on the total weight of the fish. In some aspects, an aquaculture feed for a middle stage grow th fish may have a digestible energy’ content of about 20.7 MJ / kg based on the total weight of the fish. In some aspects, an aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish may have a digestible energy content of about 21 MJ / kg.Additive Pack

[0068] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the aquaculture feed includes an additive pack. The additive pack includes one or more of the following: a toxin binder, an antioxidant component, a prebiotic, and a nucleotide. In some aspects, the additive pack includes at least two of a toxin binder, an antioxidant component, a prebiotic, and a nucleotide. In some aspects, the additive pack includes at least a toxin binder and an antioxidant component. In some aspects, the additive pack includes at least a toxin binder, an antioxidant component, and a prebiotic. In some aspects, the additive pack includes a toxin binder, an antioxidant component, a prebiotic, and a nucleotide. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may be modified depending on the growth stages or other needs (e.g., observed disease states or mortality ) of a fish population. For example, in some aspects, the composition of the additive pack or the amounts of specific additives may be modified depending on the growth stages or other needs (e.g., observed disease states or mortality) of a fish population.Toxin binder

[0069] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the additive pack includes a toxin binder. The toxin binder may include any suitable toxin binder or combination of suitable toxin binders. In some cases, the toxin binders may provide other beneficial functions, such as supporting immunity7, supporting liver health, and the like. Examples of suitable toxin binders may include zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, leonardite, yeast, yeast cell wall, diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activated mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite, montmorillonite, and combinations of two or more thereof. The amount of the toxin binders may be adjusted based on the intended inclusion rate of the additive pack in the feed such that the desired concentration is achieved in the resulting aquaculture feed. The toxin binder concentration present in the aquaculture feed may7be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0070] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of toxin binder(s). In some aspects, the total amount of toxin binders present in the aquaculture feed may be about 0.05 wt-% or greater, about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.2 wt-% or greater, about 0.3 wt-% or greater, about 0.4 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 0.7 wt-% or greater, or about 0.9 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the total amount of toxin binders present in the aquaculture feed may be about 1 wt-% or lower, about 0.9 wt-% or lower, about 0.7 wt-% or lower, about 0.5 wt-% or lower, about 0.4 wt-% or lower, about 0.3 wt-% or lower, about 0.2 wt-% or lower, or about 0.1 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, the total amount of toxin binders present in the aquaculture feed may be about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.8 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.7 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.6 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.3, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt-%.

[0071] In some aspects, the total amount of toxin binder present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish may be about 0.1 wt-% or greater. In another aspect, the total amount of toxin binders present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish may be about 0.1 wt-% or greater. In another aspect, the total amount of toxin binder present in the aquaculture feed for late stage grow th fish may be about 0.1 wt-% or greater.

[0072] In some aspects, the toxin binder may include a mineral source. A mineral source may include one or more suitable mineral sources. Examples of suitable minerals sources include diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activate mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite, montmorillonite, and combinations of tw o or more thereof. In some aspects, the toxin binder may include a bentonite clay based toxin binder, such as NOTOX® available from Cargill, Incorporated in Wayzata, MN. NOTOX® includes both aluminosilicates and organosilicates, and is formulated to target a broad spectrum of mycotoxins. In some aspects, the toxin binder may include organophilic clay available under trade name AMADEITE, as described, for example, in W02006 / 030075 to Demais et al. The amount of the mineral sources may be adjusted based on the intended inclusion rate of the additive pack in the feed such that the desired concentration is achieved in the resulting aquaculture feed. The mineral concentration present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.

[0073] The minerals in the aquaculture feed may be present at any suitable amount. In some aspects, the minerals may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, or about 4.9 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the minerals may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% orPT-2143-WO-PCTlower, about 3 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or lower, or about 0.5 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, the minerals may be present in aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.2 wt-% to 0.3 wt-%, or about 0.25 wt-%.

[0074] In some aspects, the minerals are present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.25 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the minerals are present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.25 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the minerals are present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.25 wt-% or greater.

[0075] In some aspects, the toxin binder includes one or more of bentonite, zeolite, and activated carbon. In some aspects, the toxin binder includes one or more of aluminosilicate, organosilicate, and activated carbon. In some aspects, the toxin binder includes bentonite, zeolite, and activated carbon. In some aspects, the toxin binder includes aluminosilicate, organosilicate, and activated carbon. The toxin binder may be present at a concentration of 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on the total weight of the aquaculture feed. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed includes one or more of bentonite, zeolite, and activated carbon at a total concentration of 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on the total w eight of the aquaculture feed. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed includes one or more of aluminosilicate, organosilicate, and activated carbon at a total concentration of 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on the total weight of the aquaculture feed.Antioxidants

[0076] The additive pack may include an antioxidant. The antioxidant may include any suitable antioxidant. Suitable antioxidant sources may include one or more antioxidants. Examples of suitable antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butyl ated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a carotenoid (for example, beta carotene, canthaxanthin, or the like), a flavonoid (for example, theaflavin, quercetin, or the like), phenolic acid (for example, carnosic acid, gallic acid, or the like), a vitamin (for example, tocopherol, tocotrienol. or the like), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and combinations of two or more thereof. The amount of the antioxidant(s) may be adjusted based on the intended inclusion rate of the additive pack in the feed such that the desired concentration is achieved in the resulting aquaculture feed. The antioxidant(s) concentration present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0077] The anti oxi dant(s) present in the aquaculture feed may be any suitable amount. In some representative aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.02 wt-% or greater, about 0.05 wt-% or greater, about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, or about 0.9 wt-% or greater. In some representative aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or lower, about 0.9 wt-% or lower, about 0.5 wt-% or lower, about 0.1 wt-% or lower, about 0.05 vA-° / o or lower. Tn some representative aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.02 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.05 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%. In a preferred aspect, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.05 wt-% or greater.

[0078] In some aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.05 wt-%. In some aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.05 wt-%. In some aspects, the antioxidant(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.05 wt-%.Amino acids

[0079] In addition to the protein source, the additive pack may include one or more additional amino acids. The amino acid(s) may include any suitable amino acid source. Suitable amino acid sources may include one or more amino acids. Examples of suitable amino acids may include, methionine, choline, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phosphate, or any combination of two or more thereof. The amount of the amino acid(s) may be adjusted based on the intended inclusion rate of the additive pack in the aquaculture feed such that the desired concentration is achieved in the resulting feed. The amino acid(s) present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.

[0080] The additive pack present in the aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of amino acids. In some representative aspects, the amino acid is or includes methionine. Methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.3 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 1.5 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 2 wt-% or lower, about 1.5 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or lower, about 0.5 wt-% or low er. In some aspects, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% toPT-2143-WO-PCT1.5 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1 wt-%, or about 0.3 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%. In another aspect, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%.

[0081] In some aspects, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1 wt-%. In some aspects, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1 wt-%. In some aspects, methionine may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1 wt-%.

[0082] In some representative aspects, the amino acid is or includes arginine. Arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.3 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 0.8 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or low er, about 0.8 wt-% or lower, about 0.5 wt-% or lower, about 0.3 wt-% or lower, or about 0.2 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1.5 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1 wt-%, or about 0.3 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%. In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%. In another aspect, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%.

[0083] In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In some aspects, arginine may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%.

[0084] In some aspects, the amino acid is or includes choline. In some aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1500 mg / kg or greater, about 2000 mg / kg or greater, about 2500 mg / kg or greater, or about 3000 mg / kg or greater. In some aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 3500 mg / kg or lower, about 3000 mg / kg or lower, about 2500 mg / kg or low er, or about 2000 mg / kg or lower. In some aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1500 mg / kg to 3500 mg / kg, or about 2000 mg / kg to 3000 mg / kg. In a preferred aspect, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 2500 mg / kg.

[0085] In some aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2500 mg / kg. In some aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2500 mg / kg. InPT-2143-WO-PCTsome aspects, choline may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 2500 mg / kg.

[0086] In some aspects, the additive pack includes methionine, arginine, and choline. The concentrations of the individual amino acids may be as described above.Vitamins

[0087] The additive pack present in the aquaculture feed may include one or more vitamins. The additive pack may include any suitable vitamin source. Suitable vitamin sources may include one or more vitamins. Examples of suitable vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, choline, and combinations of two thereof. The type, amount, or combination of vitamins included in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed. The concentration of vitamins present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age. and intended use of the aquaculture feed.

[0088] The aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of vitamins. In some aspects, the vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1 wt-% or less, about 0.5 wt-% or less, about 0.1 wt-% or less. In a preferred aspect, the vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%. In another preferred aspect, the vitamin source present in the aquaculture feed may be a concentration of about 0.5 wt-%.

[0089] In some aspects, the total vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.5 wt-%. In some aspects, the vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.5 wt-%. In some aspects, the vitamin(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage grow th fish at a concentration of about 0.5 wt-%.

[0090] In some other aspects, the vitamin is or includes vitamin E. Vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 200 mg / kg or greater, about 400 mg / kg or greater, about 600 mg / kg or greater, about 700 mg / kg or greater. In some aspects, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 800 mg / kg or low er, about 600 mg / kg or lower, about 400 mg / kg or lower, or about 300 mg / kg or lower. In some aspects, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 200 mg / kg to 800 mg / kg, orPT-2143-WO-PCTabout 300 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg. In a preferred aspect of the present disclosure, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 400 mg / kg.

[0091] In some aspects, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 400 mg / kg. In some aspects, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 400 mg / kg. In some aspects, vitamin E may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 400 mg / kg.

[0092] In some other representative aspects, the vitamin is or includes vitamin C. Vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 600 mg / kg or greater, about 800 mg / kg or greater, about 1000 mg / kg or greater, about 1200 mg / kg or greater, or about 1400 mg / kg or greater. In some aspects, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1500 mg / kg or lower, about 1400 mg / kg or lower, about 1200 mg / kg or lower, about 1000 mg / kg or lower, about 800 mg / kg or lower, or about 700 mg / kg or lower. In some aspects, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 600 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg, about 800 mg / kg to 1200 mg / kg, or about 900 mg / kg to 1100 mg / kg. In a preferred aspect, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 1000 mg / kg.

[0093] In some aspects, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1000 mg / kg. In some aspects, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1000 mg / kg. In some aspects, vitamin C may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 1000 mg / kg.

[0094] In some aspects, the additive pack includes at least vitamins E and C. In some aspects, the additive pack includes vitamins E, C, and optionally one or more of vitamins A, D, and K. The concentrations of the individual vitamins and total vitamin content may be as described above.Prebiotic

[0095] The additive pack present in the aquaculture feed may include one or more prebiotics. The prebiotics may be provided by any suitable prebiotic source. Suitable prebiotic sources may include one or more prebiotics. Examples of suitable prebiotics may include yeast cell w alls, betaglucans, mannooligosaccharides (MOS), galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, chitin, chitosan, peptidoglycans, arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), xylo oligosaccharides (XOS), andPT-2143-WO-PCTcombinations of two or more thereof. The type of prebiotics included in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed. The concentration of prebiotics present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.

[0096] The additive pack present in the aquaculture feed may include any suitable amount of a prebiotic. In some aspects, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, or about 4 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or lower, about 4 wt-% or lower, about 3 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or greater, or about 0.5 wt-% or. In some aspects, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt. In a preferred aspect, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%.

[0097] In some aspects, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In another aspect, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In another aspect, the prebiotic(s) may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%.Nucleotide

[0098] The additive pack present in the aquaculture feed may include one or more nucleotides or nucleosides. The nucleotides or nucleosides may include any suitable nucleotide(s) or nucleoside(s). Suitable nucleotides and nucleosides may provide enhanced resistance to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Suitable nucleotide or nucleoside sources may include one or more nucleotide or nucleoside. The nucleotides or nucleosides may be modified to prevent or reduce degradation. Modifications may include non-natural bases, non-natural sugars, and / or nonnatural phosphate-type groups. Examples of suitable nucleotides include adenosine mono phosphate (AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP) and adenosine monophosphate (ADP), and any combination of two or more thereof. Examples of suitable nucleosides include adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, and any combination of two or more thereof. Suitable nucleotides for use in the aquaculture feed are available under the trade name OPTIFIN, available from Chemoforma AG in Augst, Switzerland. The types of nucleotides orPT-2143-WO-PCTnucleosides present in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed. The nucleotide and nucleoside concentration in the aquaculture feed may be variable depending on the formulation, species, age, and intended use of the aquaculture feed.

[0099] In some aspects, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% or greater, about 0.5 wt-% or greater, about 1 wt-% or greater, about 3 wt-% or greater, or about 4 wt-% or greater. In some aspects, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or lower, about 4 wt-% or lower, about 3 wt-% or lower, about 1 wt-% or lower, or about 0.5 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt. In a preferred aspect, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 0.2 wt%.

[0100] In some aspects, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed for an early stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In another aspect, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed for a middle stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%. In another aspect, the nucleotides and / or nucleosides may be present in the aquaculture feed for late stage growth fish at a concentration of about 0.2 wt-%.Additional Ingredients

[0101] The aquaculture feed may also include additional ingredients. Additional ingredients may include astaxanthin, additional minerals, or any combination of tw o or more thereof.

[0102] Astaxanthin is a carotenoid compound included in fish feed, particularly for salmon, to improve the appearance (e.g., color) of the muscle tissue. Decrease of astaxanthin in feed ingredients and feed leads to less astaxanthin being available for the fish, resulting in sub-optimal flesh color. In some aspects, the feed additive pack includes an antioxidant component with astaxanthin.Moisture

[0103] The aquaculture feed may have any suitable moisture content. The various ingredients of the aquaculture feed include moisture. Examples of moisture sources may include water,PT-2143-WO-PCTprotein sources, fat sources, carbohydrate sources, or any combination of two or more thereof. Further, the moisture content may be adjusted by either drying the feed or by adding more water, as desired. The moisture content may be adjusted to achieve desired properties, such as hardness, resistance to swelling, resistance to mold during storage, etc. For example, after mixing of the protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source and additive pack, the aquaculture feed may be preconditioned to adjust its moisture concentration. In some aspects, moisture may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% or more, about 6 wt-% or more, about 7 wt-% or more, or about 8 wt-% or more. In some aspects, moisture may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 9 wt-% or lower, about 8 wt-% or lower, about 7 wt-% or lower, or about 6 wt-% or lower. In some aspects, moisture may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5 wt-% to about 9 wt-%. In some aspects, moisture may be present in the aquaculture feed at a concentration of about 5.5 wt-% to about 6.5 wt-%.Target Fish

[0104] It will be appreciated that the aquaculture feeds herein may be formulated for specific fish species. The aquaculture feed may be used as a component of a diet fed to the target fish. The aquaculture feed may be fed to any species belonging to the families Cyprinidae, Cichlidae, Pangasiidae. Sciaenidae, Serranidae, Carangidae. Sparidcie, Lateolabracidae, Moronidae, Mugilidae, Cypriniform.es, Latidae, Eleotridae, Tilapiini or Salmonidae. In various aspects, this disclosure provides an aquaculture feed or aquaculture feed diet for species within the family Salmonidae. The aquaculture feeds provided herein may be used to feed wild fish or farmed fish or both. Further, the aquaculture feed may be used to feed freshwater fish or salt water (e.g., marine) fish, or both.

[0105] The size of the target fish may vary depending on the species, age, and environment of the fish. It will be appreciated that the aquaculture feed may be adjusted to meet the needs of the species, age, and growth stage of the fish. The aquaculture feed of the present may be formulated for fish having a body mass of 50 grams to 500 grams. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may¬ be formulated for salmon having a body mass of 500 grams to 1000 grams. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed may be formulated for salmon having a body mass of 1000 grams to 3000 grams.Method of Making

[0106] Any typical feed manufacturing processes and practices may be used to prepare the aquaculture feed. In general, the aquaculture feed may be prepared by mixing the ingredients intoPT-2143-WO-PCTa composition and forming the feed from the composition. The aquaculture feed may be provided in any suitable form, such as nuggets, pellets, granules, flakes, or the like. The aquaculture feed may be packaged in any suitable packaging commonly used in the art.

[0107] The aquaculture feed may be prepared by mixing the ingredients. The additive pack may be mixed into the protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source to prepare the aquaculture feed composition. The protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source and / or any additional ingredients may undergo further grinding to facilitate their incorporation into the feed. In some cases, the protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source and / or any additional ingredients do not undergo additional grinding. After the additive pack is added to the protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source, the aquaculture feed may undergo mixing to distribute the additive pack throughout the aquaculture feed composition. In a preferred aspect, the additive pack is evenly distributed throughout the aquaculture feed composition.

[0108] The mixture may be then processed through extrusion to form pellets or other desired shapes, such as nuggets, steam pellets, or tablets. Extrusion may be followed by drying to remove excess moisture. The extruded feed may be cooled to ambient temperature. The extruded feed may be dried to a desired final moisture concentration to improve the stability and shelf-life of the final product.Methods of Using

[0109] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the aquaculture feed is fed to fish as part of their diet. The aquaculture feed may form the complete diet of the fish. The aquaculture feed includes a protein source, a fat source, a carbohydrate source, and an additive pack. The method of feeding may include administering a specific amount of aquaculture feed to the fish. The aquaculture feed may be formulated for different sizes of fish. The aquaculture feed may be formulated for different species of fish. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed is formulated for salmon having a body mass of 50 grams to 500 grams. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed is formulated for salmon having a body mass of 500 grams to 1000 grams. In some aspects, the aquaculture feed is formulated for salmon having a body mass of 1000 grams to 3000 grams.

[0110] According to the present disclosure, the aquaculture feed may be administered to fish as the primary source of food. The present disclosure provides methods of administering the aquaculture feed to the fish, where the mortality of the fish is reduced by 30% compared to administering the base feed component (including the protein source, fat source, and carbohydrate source) only. The aquaculture feed may address not only mortality, but concerns with general fishPT-2143-WO-PCThealth and growth. In preferred aspects, the aquaculture feed reduces mortality of fish by 30% at any point in the fish’s lifecycle compared to administering the base feed component only. The aquaculture feed may be particularly useful for administering to species within the family Salmonidae. The aquaculture feed may address several concerns experienced with cultured fish, including species within the family Salmonidae.EXEMPLARY ASPECTS

[0111] The following is a list of exemplary aspects according to the present disclosure, the numbering of which is not to be construed as designating levels of importance.

[0112] Aspect 1 is an aquaculture feed composition comprising: a base feed component comprising a source of protein, a source of fat, and a source of carbohydrates; and an additive pack comprising: a toxin binder; an antioxidant; prebiotic; and a nucleotide.

[0113] Aspect 2 is the aquaculture feed of Aspect 1 , wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a protein concentration in a range of about 30 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 35 wt-% to 45 wt-%, about 40 wt-% to 45 wt-%, or about 43 wt-% to 45 wt-%.

[0114] Aspect 3 is the aquaculture feed of Aspects 1 or 2, wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a digestible protein content of about 300 g / kg to 500 g / kg, about 350 g / kg to 450 g / kg, or about 370 g / kg to 400 g / kg.

[0115] Aspect 4 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a fat concentration in a range of about 15 wt-% to 45 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 35 wt-%, or about 20 wt-% to 30 wt-%.

[0116] Aspect 5 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the fat has a digestible fat content of about 90 % to 98 %, about 92 % to 98 %, about 94 % to 98 %, about 96 % to 98 %, or about 97 % to 98 %.

[0117] Aspect 6 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the base feed component comprises fish meal at a concentration of about 12 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 95 wt-%. about 5 wt-% to 80 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 10 wt-% to 40 wt-%, or about 1 wt-% to 30 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0118] Aspect 7 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the base feed component comprises animal by-products at a concentration of about 34 wt-% or less, about 30 wt-% or less, about 25 wt-% or less, about 20 wt-% or less, about 15 wt-% or less, about 10 wt-% or less, or about 5 wt-% or less, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0119] Aspect 8 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises methionine in a range of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1.5 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1 wt-%, or about 0.3 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0120] Aspect 9 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises choline in a range of about 1500 mg / kg to 3500 mg / kg or about 2000 mg / kg to 3000 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0121] Aspect 10 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the additive pack comprises arginine in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0122] Aspect 11 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin E in a range of about 200 mg / kg to 800 mg / kg or about 300 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0123] Aspect 12 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin C in a range of about 600 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg, about 800 mg / kg to 1200 mg / kg, or about 900 mg / kg to 1100 mg / kg, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0124] Aspect 13 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 1.0 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.4 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, or about 1.5 wt-% to 2.5 wt-%, based on total amount of fatty acids.

[0125] Aspect 14 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DEI A) in a range of about 6 wt-% to 12 wt-% based on total amount of fatty acids.

[0126] Aspect 15 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the additive pack comprises prebiotics in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0127] Aspect 16 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the prebiotics comprise one of more of yeast cell walls, beta-glucans, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), galactomannanoligosaccharides (GMOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, chitin, chitosan, peptidoglycans, arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (aXOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), or combinations of two or more thereof.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0128] Aspect 17 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein the additive pack comprises nucleotides in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0129] Aspect 18 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 17, wherein the additive pack comprises antioxidants in a range of about 0.02 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.05 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0130] Aspect 19 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the antioxidants comprise one or more of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHa), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a carotenoid, a flavonoid phenolic acid, a vitamin, tertiary butylhy droquinone (TBHQ), or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0131] Aspect 20 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 19, wherein the toxin binder is present in the aquaculture feed composition in a range of about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.8 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.7 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.6 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.3, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt-%. based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0132] Aspect 21 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 20, wherein the toxin binder comprises zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, leonardite, yeast, yeast cell wall, diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activated mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite. montmorillonite, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0133] Aspect 22 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 21, wherein the toxin binder comprises one or more minerals, wherein the minerals are present at a total concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.2 wt-% to 0.3 wt-%, or about 0.25 wt-%, based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0134] Aspect 23 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 22, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is free of blood meal.

[0135] Aspect 24 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 23, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for salmon.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0136] Aspect 25 is the aquaculture feed of any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for fish having a body mass of about 50 g to 500 g, about 500 g to 1000 g, or about 1000 g to 3000 g.

[0137] Aspect 26 is a method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system, the method comprising: administering to the fish an amount of the aquaculture feed composition of any one of the preceding Aspects.

[0138] Aspect 27 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of Aspect 26, wherein the method reduces mortality' of the fish at a given point in the fish’s lifecycle by 30 % or more compared to feeding the fish the base feed component only.

[0139] Aspect 28 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of Aspects 26 or 27, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is a primary food source of the fish.

[0140] Aspect 29 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 28, wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a protein concentration in a range of about 30 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 35 wt-% to 45 wt-%, about 40 wt-% to 45 wt-%, or about 43 wt-% to 45 wt-%.

[0141] Aspect 30 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 29, wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a digestible protein content of about 300 g / kg to 500 g / kg. about 350 g / kg to 450 g / kg, or about 370 g / kg to 400 g / kg.

[0142] Aspect 31 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 30, wherein the aquaculture feed composition has a fat concentration in a range of about 15 wt-% to 45 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 15 wt-% to 35 wt-%, or about 20 wt-% to 30 wt-%.

[0143] Aspect 32 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 31, wherein the fat has a digestible fat content of about 90 % to 98 %, about 92 % to 98 %, about 94 % to 98 %, about 96 % to 98 %, or about 97 % to 98 %.

[0144] Aspect 33 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 32, wherein the base feed component comprises fish meal at a concentration of about 12 wt-% to 40 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 95 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 80 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to 50 wt-%, about 10 wt-% to 40 wt-%, or about 10 wt-% to 30 wt-%, based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0145] Aspect 34 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 33, wherein the base feed component comprises animal by-products at a concentration of about 34 wt-% or less, about 30 wt-% or less, about 25 wt-% or less, about 20 wt-% or less, aboutPT-2143-WO-PCT15 wt-% or less, about 10 wt-% or less, or about 5 wt-% or less, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0146] Aspect 35 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 34, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises methionine in a range of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1.5 wt-%, about 0.3 wt-% to 1 wt-%, or about 0.3 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0147] Aspect 36 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 35, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises choline in a range of about 1500 mg / kg to 3500 mg / kg or about 2000 mg / kg to 3000 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0148] Aspect 37 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 36, wherein the additive pack comprises arginine in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0149] Aspect 38 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 37, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin E in a range of about 200 mg / kg to 800 mg / kg or about 300 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0150] Aspect 39 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 38, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin C in a range of about 600 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg, about 800 mg / kg to 1200 mg / kg, or about 900 mg / kg to 1100 mg / kg, based on total w eight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0151] Aspect 40 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 39, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 1.0 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.4 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, or about 1.5 wt-% to 2.5 wt-%, based on total amount of fatty acids.

[0152] Aspect 41 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 40, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 6 wt-% to 12 wt-% based on total amount of fatty acids.

[0153] Aspect 42 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 41, wherein the additive pack comprises prebiotics in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0154] Aspect 43 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 42, wherein the prebiotics comprise one of more of yeast cell walls, beta-glucans, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), galactomannanoligosaccharides (GMOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, chitin, chitosan, peptidoglycans, arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (aXOS). xylooligosaccharides (XOS). or combinations of two or more thereof.

[0155] Aspect 44 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 43, wherein the additive pack comprises nucleotides in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0156] Aspect 45 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 44, wherein the additive pack comprises antioxidants in a range of about 0.02 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.05 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, or about 0.05 wt-% to 0.1 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0157] Aspect 46 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 45, wherein the antioxidants comprise one or more of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHa), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). a carotenoid, a flavonoid phenolic acid, a vitamin, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), or a combination of tw o or more thereof.

[0158] Aspect 47 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 46, wherein the toxin binder is present in the aquaculture feed composition in a range of about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.9 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.8 wt-%. about 0.1 wt-% to 0.7 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.6 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.4 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.3, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.2 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0159] Aspect 48 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 47. wherein the toxin binder comprises zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, leonardite. yeast, yeast cell wall, diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activated mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite, montmorillonite, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0160] Aspect 49 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 48, wherein the toxin binder comprises one or more minerals, wherein the minerals are present at a total concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 4 wt-%, about 0.1PT-2143-WO-PCTwt-% to 3 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 2 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-%, about 0.1 wt-% to 0.5 wt-%, about 0.2 wt-% to 0.3 wt-%, or about 0.25 wt-%, based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

[0161] Aspect 50 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 49, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is free of blood meal.

[0162] Aspect 51 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 50, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for salmon.

[0163] Aspect 52 is the method of feeding fish in an aquaculture system of any one of Aspects 26 to 51, wherein the aquaculture feed composition is formulated for fish having a body mass of about 50 g to 500 g, about 500 g to 1000 g, or about 1000 g to 3000 g.

[0164] The aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood by reference to the following examples which are offered by way of illustration. The aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to the examples given herein.EXAMPLES

[0165] The efficacy of the health of effects of the aquaculture feed according to aspects of the present disclosure were tested in an in vivo trial. The composition of the test diet is shown in TABLE 1A below. The feed was fed to fish across 3 sites where unknown toxin(s) were known to be present during the time of planting the 2024 cohort fish at sea sites. The comparative cohort was the 2022 year class of fish in the same region across 3 sites, which were fed a conventional salmonid fish feed.TABLE 1 A. Test feed composition.PT-2143-WO-PCT

[0166] The accumulative effects of the test diet of the 2024 cohort were observed at 60-150 days and compared to the 2022 cohort that received conventional salmonid fish feed. The accumulative mortality across the three sites is shown in TABLE IB below.TABLE IB. Accumulative mortality< <<

[0167] It was observed that mortalities were reduced by over 50 % in many cases across the three sites when comparing the 2024 cohort to the 2022 cohort.

[0168] All references and publications cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety into this disclosure, except to the extent they may directly contradict this disclosure. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety' of alternate and / or equivalent implementations can be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be unduly limited by the illustrative embodiments and examples set forth herein and that such examples and embodiments are presented by way of example only with the scope of the disclosure intended to be limited only by the claims set forth here.

Claims

PT-2143-WO-PCTCLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An aquaculture feed composition comprising:a base feed component comprising a source of protein, a source of fat, and a source of carbohydrates; andan additive pack comprising:a toxin binder;an antioxidant;a prebiotic; anda nucleotide.

2. The aquaculture feed of claim 1, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises methionine in a range of about 0.3 wt-% to 2 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

3. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises choline in a range of about 1500 mg / kg to 3500 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

4. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the additive pack comprises arginine in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

5. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin E in a range of about 200 mg / kg to 800 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

6. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises vitamin C in a range of about 600 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.PT-2143-WO-PCT7. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 1.0 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total amount of fatty' acids.

8. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aquaculture feed composition comprises combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EP A) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of about 6 wt-% to 12 wt-% based on total amount of fatty acids.

9. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the additive pack comprises prebiotics in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

10. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the prebiotics comprise one of more of yeast cell walls, beta-glucans, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), galactomannanoligosaccharides (GMOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, chitin, chitosan, peptidoglycans, arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), or combinations of two or more thereof.

11. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the additive pack comprises nucleotides in a range of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

12. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the additive pack compnses antioxidants in a range of about 0.02 wt-% to 0.1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

13. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 12. wherein the antioxidants comprise one or more of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a carotenoid, a flavonoid phenolic acid, a vitamin, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), or a combination of two or more thereof.PT-2143-WO-PCT14. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the toxin binder is present in the aquaculture feed composition in a range of about 0.05 wt-% to 1 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

15. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 14. wherein the toxin binder comprises zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, leonardite, yeast, yeast cell wall, diatomaceous earth, clay, modified clay, activated clay, thermally activated mineral, silicate, aluminosilicate, organosilicate, activated montmorillonite-amadeite, montmorillonite, or a combination of two or more thereof.

16. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the toxin binder comprises one or more minerals, wherein the minerals are present at a total concentration of about 0.1 wt-% to 5 wt-% based on total weight of the aquaculture feed composition.

17. The aquaculture feed of any one of claims 1 to 16. wherein the aquaculture feed composition is free of blood meal.

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