composition

Abstract

The present disclosure provides for an explosive inhibitor composition which can be used to form explosive compositions comprising ammonium nitrate which are less susceptible to unwanted detonations due to the reaction between the ammonium nitrate and pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals. The inhibitor composition comprises at least one component which contributes to the inhibition of this unwanted reaction and improves safety in using such explosive compositions with reactive ground.

Description

COMPOSITIONTechnical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of explosives. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an inhibitor composition which can be used to obtain explosive compositions comprising ammonium nitrate which are less susceptible to unwanted detonations due to the reaction between ammonium nitrate and pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals. The present disclosure also relates to methods for preparing an explosive composition, and the use of said composition in regions which comprise reactive ground, particularly mines and quarries.Background

[0002] The mining industry refers to areas in a mine containing pyrite and / or other sulphide minerals which are capable of reacting with ammonium nitrate (AN) as reactive ground (RG). Pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals can react with ammonium nitrate present in mining explosives, leading to unwanted detonations. Over the past 60 years, this reactivity has resulted in a number of unwanted detonations in mines. A list of accidents due to this problem is shown in pages 12-14, Code of Practice elevated temperature and reactive ground, Edition 5; April 2020, AEISG, Australia.

[0003] Diverse approaches have been tested to manage the reaction of explosives with pyrite. Examples of these include powdered urea employed in an attempt to inhibit unwanted detonation, see for example US3,708,356 and WO 2021 / 258142. However, field work conducted by Proulx and Scovira in an underground mine with identified pyrite areas, showed that inhibiting the AN-pyrite reactions by dispersing solid urea in ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) explosives had limited results and was not reliable.

[0004] Various approaches to mitigate this issue have been developed including those which have in common the use of an emulsion (or watergel) explosive in the process to manage the AN-pyrite reactivity. However, emulsion and watergel explosives are considered to be blasting agents by competent authorities (regulators), and their manufacture must comply with technical safety, regulatory requirements, transport andpublic safety, security, etc. This also provides logistical challenges in transporting these explosives and servicing mines in remote locations and adds significant costs.

[0005] There remains a need to provide an alternative solution to the AN-pyrite, and / or other reactive sulphide minerals, reactivity challenge for AN-based explosives other than the described emulsion explosive approach (incorporating additives in the emulsion manufacturing process) or the urea powdered dry addition approach. In particular, there remains the need to provide an alternative approach that is simple, cost effective and minimises risk and logistical hurdles in manufacture, building emulsion plants, regulatory matters (licences), transport and onsite use.Summary

[0006] The present disclosure relates to an inhibitor composition comprising at least one inhibitor compound. The inhibitor compound can delay or inhibit the reaction between ammonium nitrate and pyrite and / or other reactive ground sulphide minerals thereby delaying or avoiding unwanted detonation. Inhibitor compositions of the present disclosure can be used in combination with a source of ammonium nitrate to form an explosive composition.

[0007] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; optionally, an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel.

[0008] In preferred embodiments, the inhibitor composition is a liquid inhibitor composition.

[0009] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; andan inhibitor composition as described herein.

[0010] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing the explosive composition as described herein, the method comprising: contacting an ammonium nitrate source with an inhibitor composition as described herein.

[0011] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an inhibitor composition as described herein when used to prepare an ammonium nitrate-based explosive composition.

[0012] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of an inhibitor composition as described herein to prepare an ammonium nitrate-based explosive composition.

[0013] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of the explosive composition as described herein as an explosive / blasting agent.

[0014] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of the explosive composition as described herein as an explosive in a region having reactive ground.

[0015] Embodiments of the composition comprising an inhibitor compound as described herein can delay or inhibit the AN-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction. Advantageously, embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein can be mixed with a source of ammonium nitrate to create an ammonium nitrate-based explosive composition which can delay or inhibit the AN- pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction. Embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein can be mixed with a high density ammonium nitrate, an ammonium nitrate porous prill, or mixture thereof, to create an ammonium nitrate based explosive which can delay or inhibit the AN-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction.

[0016] Advantageously, embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein can replace fuel in MPU / MMU / MS tanks or bowl truck tanks, so there are noadditional transport or infrastructure requirements, no significant change to blasting practices and no additional capital investment required.

[0017] Embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein provide the advantage that the inhibitor composition is not subject to regulatory approvals as it is not considered an explosive under the regulations prior to being mixed with the ammonium nitrate. Thus, embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein provide the advantage that an explosive composition can be provided or produced at a blasting site, while avoiding the transport of explosive compositions, for example the prior art emulsion explosives, on public roads. The present disclosure may provide for compositions and methods which can simplify the transportation of explosives to regions where they are to be used, particularly regions which comprise reactive ground, for example mines in which reactive ground is or may be found.

[0018] Embodiments of the inhibitor composition described herein provide the advantage that there is no large capital investment required, for example as required to build an emulsion explosive manufacturing plant in regions comprising reactive ground to make an ammonium nitrate / fuel oil emulsion explosive and / or building a storage plant at the mine site for such emulsion explosives.Brief Description of Drawings

[0019] Whilst it will be appreciated that a variety of embodiments disclosed herein may be utilised, described herein are a number of examples with reference to the following drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 : Reactive ground testing data;

[0021] Figure 2: Velocity of detonation test data;

[0022] Figure 3 : Reactive ground testing data from mine rocks;

[0023] Figure 4: Velocity of detonation test data from blastholes in a mine;

[0024] Figure 5: Graphical representation of changing pH with increasing concentrations of NaOH in water;

[0025] Figure 6: Graphical representation of changing pH of hexamine and NaOH in water and addition of water to maintain solubility;

[0026] Figure 7: Graphical representation of changing pH of urea and NaOH in water; and

[0027] Figure 8: Graphical representation of changing pH with increasing concentrations of ammonia in water.Description of EmbodimentsGeneral terms

[0028] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0029] With regards to the definitions provided herein, unless stated otherwise, or implicit from context, the defined terms and phrases include the provided meanings. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, or apparent from context, the terms and phrases below do not exclude the meaning that the term or phrase has acquired by a person skilled in the relevant art. The definitions are provided to aid in describing particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit the claimed invention as the scope is limited only by the claims. Furthermore, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0030] All publications discussed and / or referenced herein are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0031] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.

[0032] Throughout this disclosure, unless specifically stated otherwise or the context requires otherwise, reference to a single step, composition of matter, group of steps or group of compositions of matter shall be taken to encompass one and a plurality (i.e., one or more) of those steps, compositions of matter, groups of steps or groups of compositions of matter. Thus, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural aspects unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to “a” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “an” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “the” includes a single as well as two or more and so forth.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the disclosure includes all such variations and modifications. The disclosure also includes all of the examples, steps, features, methods, compositions, processes, referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations or any two or more of said steps or features.

[0034] The term “and / or”, e.g., “X and / or Y” shall be understood to mean either “X and Y” or “X or Y” and shall be taken to provide explicit support for both meanings or for either meaning.

[0035] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of’, when used with a list of items, means different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used and only one of the items in the list may be needed. The item may be a particular object, thing, or category. In other words, “at least one of’ means any combination of items or number of items may be used from the list, but not all of the items in the list may be required. In some cases, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean, for example and without limitation, two of item A, one of item B, and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or some other suitable combination.

[0036] As used herein, the term “about”, unless stated to the contrary, typically refers to + / - 10%, for example + / - 5%, of the designated value.

[0037] It is to be appreciated that certain features that are, for clarity, described herein in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in asingle embodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination.

[0038] Throughout the present specification, various aspects and components of the invention can be presented in a range format. The range format is included for convenience and should not be interpreted as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub-ranges as well as individual numerical values within that range, unless specifically indicated. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 5 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5 etc., as well as individual and partial numbers within the recited range, for example, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.2, 3, 4, 4.6, and 5, unless where integers are required or implicit from context. This applies regardless of the breadth of the disclosed range. Where specific values are required, these will be indicated in the specification.

[0039] Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[0040] Herein “weight %” may be abbreviated to “wt% or % w / w”.Inhibitor composition

[0041] The present disclosure relates to a liquid inhibitor composition comprising an inhibitor compound. The inhibitor compound can delay or inhibit the decomposition of ammonium nitrate and / or reaction between ammonium nitrate and pyrite and related sulphide-containing materials. The liquid inhibitor composition of the present disclosure contains at least one AN-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide mineral inhibiting compound. The inhibiting compound may itself be a liquid, and so may itself be the liquid inhibiting composition in combination with the fuel, or more commonly may be dissolved or otherwise carried within the liquid inhibitor composition. The inhibiting compound may itself be a liquid which is immiscible with a fuel, and thecombination of the liquid inhibiting compound and the fuel may be the liquid inhibitor composition. The liquid inhibitor composition of the present disclosure is suitable for use in regions where there are reactive ground issues, for example mines. Inhibitor compositions of the present disclosure may simplify the transportation and components thereof to regions comprising reactive ground, for example mines.

[0042] In embodiments, the liquid inhibitor composition comprises a water miscible phase comprising an inhibitor compound and a water immiscible phase comprising a fuel.

[0043] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; optionally, an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel.

[0044] In embodiments, the amphiphile is present.

[0045] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel.

[0046] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent is present.

[0047] In embodiments, there is provided a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; an amphiphile; an inhibitor compound solvent; anda fuel.

[0048] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is a non-explosive inhibitor composition. That is, it will be understood from the disclosure herein that the inhibitor composition itself, without the addition of materials such as ammonium nitrate, is not an explosive which would be suitable for commercial blasting operations at a mine site.

[0049] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is not explosive.

[0050] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition has a PH of between about 7.5 to about 14.0, or between about 8.0 to about 13.0, or between about 8.0 to about 12.0.

[0051] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition does not comprise ammonium nitrate.Composition type

[0052] Emulsions can be “oil-in-water”, or “water-in-oil”, and these terms which define an emulsion structure are well known in the art. In oil-in-water emulsions, a water-immiscible phase is dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. In water-in-oil microemulsions, an aqueous phase is dispersed in a continuous water-immiscible phase. In this specification, the terms “water” and “oil” (e.g. as used in reference to oil- in-water emulsions and water-in-oil emulsions) are understood to represent the “inhibitor compound solvent” and the “fuel” respectively.

[0053] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is an emulsion. In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is an oil-in-water emulsion. In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is a water-in-oil emulsion. It will be appreciated that the liquid inhibitor composition as an emulsion is different to a traditional ANFO emulsion explosive composition.

[0054] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is an alkaline liquid inhibitor composition. That is, the liquid inhibitor composition has an alkaline pH which may therefore be greater than pH 7, such as between pH 7.5 and pH 14, or between pH 8 and pH 13. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is postulated that the use of inhibiting compounds which result in an alkaline inhibitor composition may be particularly useful in inhibiting the AN-pyrite reaction.

[0055] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition has a pH of between greater than 7 and less than or equal to 14, between greater than 7 and less than or equal to 13, between greater than 7 and less than or equal to 12, between about 7.5 and about 14, between about 7.5 and about 13, between about 7.5 and about 12, between about 7.5 and about 11, between about 8 and about 14, between about 8 and about 13, between about 8 and about 12, between about 8 and about 11.

[0056] Preferably, the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0057] Measurement of pH may be problematic in the final inhibitor composition in instances when that composition is an emulsion. References to pH values of the inhibitor composition herein can be taken to be reference to the pH of the combination of the inhibitor compound and inhibitor compound solvent. The addition of the amphiphile and fuel is not considered to significantly affect the final pH of the inhibitor composition and so the pH of the inhibitor compound and inhibitor compound solvent blend or solution is considered a useful and accurate proxy for the pH of the final inhibitor composition.ComponentsInhibitor compound

[0058] The inhibitor compound is one or more compounds which can delay or inhibit the reaction between ammonium nitrate and reactive sulphide minerals, including pyrite. It may do so by inhibiting the decomposition of ammonium nitrate or by any other means. Compounds which perform this function are known and are commercially available. Any such commercially available inhibiting compounds may be appropriate for use with the inhibitor composition of the present disclosure.

[0059] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound is selected from the group consisting of a urea, an amine, a hydroxide salt, a carbonate salt, a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a benzenoid aromatic compound, alkaline materials, and combinations thereof.

[0060] In embodiments, the amine may be a C2 - C12 amine. That is, the amine compound has between 2 to 12 carbon atoms in total, whether they be in a singlecarbon chain or across multiple carbon chains combined. In embodiments, the amine is a C2 - C9 amine or a C2 - Ce amine. Amines within these size ranges tend to be liquids at room temperature and / or have the desired solubility profile. C2 - C12, or C2 - C9 or C2 - Ce amines which are generally considered soluble in water are particularly preferred. In embodiments, at room temperature, the amine is a water soluble liquid. By soluble in water it is intended that the solubility of the relevant amine in water would be at least about Ig / L, preferably at least about 5g / L or at least about lOg / L.

[0061] In embodiments, the amine has a molecular weight (g / mol) of about, or greater than about: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150. In embodiments, the amine has a molecular weight (g / mol) of less than about: 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, or 40. In embodiments, the amine has a molecular weight (g / mol) that may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the amine has a molecular weight (g / mol) of between about 40 to about 150, or between about 60 to about 150.

[0062] In embodiments, the amine inhibitor compound is a heterocyclic amine. Optionally, the amine inhibitor compound is a heterocyclic amine comprising between 2 to 5 nitrogen atoms, such as 4 nitrogen atoms.

[0063] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound is selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine (also known as hexamine, HMTA, methenamine or 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane), diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2) including sodium silicates, and combinations thereof.

[0064] Without wishing to be bound by theory, the use of inhibiting compounds which result in an alkaline inhibitor composition may be particularly useful in inhibiting the AN-pyrite reaction. The Examples section sets out a number of formulations in which the inhibitor compound results in an alkaline pH for the inhibitor composition and which have been shown to be effective. Where classes of inhibitor compound have been set out herein, those of the class resulting in an alkaline pH in theinhibitor composition are to be preferred. For example, of the liquid silicates, optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), those which provide for an alkaline pH when mixed with the inhibitor compound solvent are preferred. In preferred embodiments the liquid silicate is an alkaline sodium silicate, optionally selected from one or more of sodium metasilicate and sodium pyrosilicate.

[0065] In some embodiments, inhibitor compounds may be chosen which provide for an appropriately alkaline pH in the final inhibitor composition and which are low cost and so appropriate for large scale industrial use. Examples of such inhibitor compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide.

[0066] In preferred embodiments, the inhibitor compound is selected from one or more of monoethanolamine, urea, and hexamethylenetetramine.Amphiphile

[0067] In embodiments, the amphiphile is selected from a surfactant, a detergent, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the amphiphile is a surfactant. In embodiments, the surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, and combinations thereof.

[0068] In embodiments, the surfactant is an anionic surfactant having at least one head group selected from the group consisting of one or more of a sulphate, a sulfonate, a phosphate and a carboxylate. Such anionic surfactant classes are well-known in the art of formulation and a suitable one can be chosen by a person of skill in the art. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the anionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyl benzene sulfonate, an alkoxylated alkyl sulfate, an alkyl sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), sodium myreth sulfate, alkylbenzene sulphonice acd (LAB SA) or their sulfonates, docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanesulfonate, alkyl-aryl ether phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, sodium stearate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, perfluorononanoate, and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA or PFO).

[0069] In embodiments, the surfactant is a cationic surfactant such as an amine oxide, a fatty amine salt, a quaternary ammonium compound. Non-limiting cationicsurfactants may include cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic Silicone oil, and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2).

[0070] In embodiments, the surfactant is a zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of one or more of a betaine, a sultaine, an amphoacetate, a phospholipid compound, an alkyl betaine, an alkylamidobetaine, an amidazoliniumbetaine, a sulfobetaine and phosphobetaine.

[0071] In embodiments, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of one or more of a glycoside or glucoside, an alkyl polyglycoside, a cetyl or cetostearyl alcohol, a monostearate, a sorbate such as a polysorbate, a poloxamer, alcohol ethoxylates (AEO), cocamide DEA, alkyl alcohol amides, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), and alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE or OP).

[0072] In embodiments, the amphiphile of the liquid inhibitor composition is a detergent composition. The detergent composition may comprise a mix of various surfactants as are known in the art. It will be appreciated that the role of the amphiphile in the present composition is simply to reduce surface tension between the incompatible components, in terms of miscibility, and to assist in forming and maintaining an emulsion when required. Such amphiphiles are well-known in the formulation arts and while they may be individual amphiphiles, such as a surfactant, they are more often a mixture of surfactant and detergent components which each play a role in maintaining the emulsion.

[0073] In embodiments, the amphiphile of the liquid inhibitor composition is a commercially available detergent composition such as those that may be used in liquid dishwashing compositions.

[0074] In embodiments, the amphiphile of the liquid inhibitor composition is a component of a commercially available detergent composition such as those that may be used in liquid dishwashing compositions

[0075] In embodiments, the surfactant is selected from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, alpha olefin sulfonate, and combinations thereof.

[0076] In embodiments, the amphiphile is selected from a polysorbate (such as polysorbate 20) and a commercially available detergent composition such as those that may be used in liquid dishwashing compositions.Inhibitor compound solvent

[0077] While an inhibitor compound solvent may not always be required, it can provide benefits to the inhibiting composition in terms of initial formulation, ongoing stability in storage and in use when mixing with other components to form the explosive composition.

[0078] In embodiments in which the inhibitor compound is a liquid, such as a liquid amine, then it may not be necessary to have a further inhibitor compound solvent. The amine inhibitor may be contacted with the ammonium nitrate before, after or concurrently with addition of the fuel. This can form an explosive composition which comprises only ammonium nitrate, fuel and the amine inhibitor compound. It may be preferred, however, that even in such embodiments there is an inhibitor solvent compound if the desire is to first mix the inhibitor compound with the fuel for storage and transport. In such embodiments, it may assist to form an emulsion having the amine inhibitor compound, an amphiphile, at least a small amount of inhibitor compound solvent and the liquid fuel, such as fuel oil.

[0079] In embodiments, the composition comprises an inhibitor compound solvent. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent and the fuel are immiscible. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent is selected from an aqueous solvent, an alcohol, a diol including glycol, a triol including glycerol, a ketone, an ester, a formamide, a sulfoxide, a nitrile, and combinations thereof.

[0080] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent is selected from water, a Ci - C>, alcohol, acetone, acetophenone, butanone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, pentanone, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the Ci - Ce alcohol isselected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and isomers thereof including isopropranol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and the like.

[0081] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent is water.

[0082] Again, it will be appreciated that in the instances wherein the inhibitor compound itself is a liquid then the inhibitor compound solvent may not be necessary if the liquid inhibitor compound is not separated from the AN by the fuel. For example, one composition exemplified herein uses monoethanolamine as the inhibiting compound and a further inhibitor compound solvent is not required.Fuel

[0083] The fuel can be selected from any compound or mix of compounds which is suitable for use with ammonium nitrate in explosive compositions. The energy requirements from the fuel for blasting purposes are well-known and so the person of skill in the art would be well positioned to select one or more appropriate fuels. In certain embodiments, the fuel may be selected to have a lower carbon footprint or in some manner has a reduced environmental impact compared with traditional fuel oil (FO).

[0084] In embodiments, the fuel is insoluble in the inhibitor compound solvent. In embodiments, the fuel is selected from is selected from diesel, solvent neutral oils, naphthenic oils, kerosene, gasoline, plant-derived fuels, biofuels, biodiesels, vegetable oils, waste oils, tyre oils, plastics, rubber, plastic oil, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the fuel is diesel.

[0085] It will be appreciated that the use of fuel oil in explosive (e.g. ANFO) compositions is well-known and any fuel suitable for such compositions can be used with the present composition.

[0086] In embodiments, the fuel is number 2 fuel oil and / or number 2 diesel.Weight rangesInhibitor compound

[0087] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is about, or greater than about: 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is less than about: 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40 , 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 5 to about 75, between about 10 to about 55, between about 20 to about 40, between about 20 to about 30, or between about 10 to about 30.

[0088] In embodiments, the inhibitor compound content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 15 to about 35 or between about 20 to about 30, including about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35.Amphiphile

[0089] In embodiments, the amphiphile content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is about, or greater than about: 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20. In embodiments, the amphiphile content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is less than about: 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. In embodiments, the amphiphile content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the amphiphile content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is between about 0.01 to about 20, or between about 0.1 to about 5.

[0090] In embodiments, the amphiphile is a component of a detergent composition and the detergent composition is present in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) at about, or greater than about: 0.01, 0.02,0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20. In embodiments, the detergent composition content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is less than about: 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01. In embodiments, the detergent composition content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the detergent composition content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is between about 0.01 to about 20, between about 0.05 to about 10, or between about 0.1 to about 5.Inhibitor compound solvent

[0091] In embodiments wherein it is present in the inhibitor composition, the inhibitor compound solvent content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is about, or greater than about: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is less than about: 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40 , 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the inhibitor compound solvent content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is between about 5 to about 75, or between about 5 to about 60, or between about 5 to about 50, or between about 5 to about 40, or between about 15 to about 50, or between about 15 to about 55, or between about 20 to about 45, or between about 20 to about 40, or between about 25 to about 35.Fuel

[0092] In embodiments, the fuel content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) is about, or greater than about: 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75. In embodiments, the fuel content in the inhibitorcomposition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is less than about: 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40 , 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10. In embodiments, the fuel content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the inhibitor composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the fuel content in the inhibitor composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 10 to about 75, between about 20 to about 60, or between about 30 to about 50, or between about 30 to about 45, including about 40.

[0093] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof; an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition or a polysorbate; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water; and a fuel, optionally diesel or other fuel oil, optionally wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0094] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof at about 15 to about 40 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition;an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition or a polysorbate, at about 0.01 to about 20 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 15 to about 50 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel or other fuel oil, at about 20 to about 50 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition optionally wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0095] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof at about 15 to about 30 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition or a polysorbate, at about 0.1 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 20 to about 35 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel, at about 25 to about 50 or at about 25 to about 40 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition optionally wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0096] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound selected from hexamethylenetetramine and / or urea, at about 20 to about 30 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition;an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition or a polysorbate, at about 0.1 to about 5 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 30 to about 35 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel, at about 25 to about 50 or at about 25 to about 40 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition optionally wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0097] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound which is hexamethylenetetramine at about 20 to about 30 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; a washing liquid detergent composition or a polysorbate, at about 0.1 to about 5 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; water at about 30 to about 35 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and diesel at about 35 to about 45 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition optionally wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.Composition propertiesDensity

[0098] In embodiments, the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is about, or greater than about: 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25, 1.3, 1.35, 1.4, 1.45, or 1.5. In embodiments, the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is less than about: 1.5, 1.45, 1.4, 1.35, 1.3, 1.25, 1.2, 1.15, 1.1, 1.05, 1.0, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, or 0.5. In embodiments, the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values In embodiments, thedensity (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is between about 0.5 to about1.5, between about 0.65 and about 1.25, or between about 0.75 to about 0.95.Viscosity

[0099] In embodiments, the viscosity (in mPa.s at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is about, or greater than about: 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 , 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2,2.3, 2.4 , 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 , 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2,4.3, 4.4 , 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, or 10000. In embodiments, the viscosity (in mPa.s at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is less than about: 10000, 9000, 8000, 7000, 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2000, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6,3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5,1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, or 1.0. In embodiments, the viscosity (in mPa.s at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values In embodiments, the viscosity (in mPa.s at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is between about 1 to about 10000, or between about 1 and about 7000, or between about 1 and about 1000, or between about 1 and about 500, or between about 1 and about 100, or between about 1 and about 50, or between about 1 and about 20.Flash point

[0100] In embodiments, the flash point (in °C) of the inhibitor composition is about, or greater than about: 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 250. In embodiments, the flash point (in °C) of the inhibitor composition is less than about: 250, 240, 230, 220, 210, 200, 190, 180, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, or 50. In embodiments, the flash point (in °C) of the inhibitor composition may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values In embodiments, the flash point (in °C) of the inhibitor composition is between about 50 to about 250.Method of preparing the inhibitor composition

[0101] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing the inhibitor composition as described herein, the method comprising: contacting an inhibitor compound; optionally an inhibitor compound solvent; optionally an amphiphile; and a fuel, to form the inhibitor composition.

[0102] In embodiments, the method of preparing the inhibitor composition as described herein, the method comprises: optionally dissolving the inhibitor compound in the inhibitor compound solvent to obtain a first mixture; and introducing a second mixture comprising the fuel to the first mixture; to form the inhibitor composition, wherein an amphiphile is optionally added to one or both of the first mixture or the second mixture prior to combining them.

[0103] In embodiments, the first mixture is saturated with the inhibitor compound.

[0104] In embodiments, the dissolving the inhibitor compound in the inhibitor compound solvent is performed at a temperature (in °C) of between about 10 to about 50.

[0105] In embodiments, the dissolving the inhibitor compound in the inhibitor compound solvent includes agitation. In embodiments, the agitation is stirring.

[0106] In embodiments, the second mixture is introduced dropwise to the first mixture.

[0107] In embodiments, the introducing the second mixture to the first mixture includes agitation. In embodiments, the agitation is stirring.

[0108] In embodiments, the amphiphile, such as a surfactant, may be added to the first mixture and then the second mixture added and mixing is applied.

[0109] As discussed previously, if the inhibitor compound is a liquid inhibitor compound, such as a liquid amine inhibitor compound, then no further preparation ofthe liquid inhibitor composition may be required. Even with such liquid inhibitor compounds, however, it may still be desirable to formulation a composition as above to ensure better contact with the AN in the explosive composition.Use of the inhibitor composition

[0110] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquid inhibitor composition as described herein, when used to prepare an ammonium nitrate-based explosive composition.

[0111] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of the liquid inhibitor composition as described herein to prepare an ammonium nitrate-based explosive composition.

[0112] The liquid inhibitor composition may be brought into contact with the ammonium nitrate in a variety of ways, known to the skilled addressee. By way of nonlimiting example, the liquid inhibitor composition may be sprayed on to the ammonium nitrate. Alternatively the ammonium nitrate may be added to the liquid inhibitor composition and the two mixed together. Advantageously, in both these examples, traditional explosive delivery trucks (MPU, MMU, MSU, bowl trucks) can be used.

[0113] In embodiments, the liquid inhibitor composition may be sprayed onto ammonium nitrate prills just prior to placement of the explosive composition so formed.Explosive composition

[0114] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and the inhibitor composition as described herein.

[0115] In embodiments, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound;optionally, an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel.

[0116] In embodiments, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; optionally, an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel, wherein: the inhibitor compound content in the liquid inhibitor composition(% w / w) is between about 5 to about 75; and the fuel content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 10 to about 75, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0117] In embodiments, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel,optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0118] In embodiments, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and a liquid inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; an amphiphile; optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel, wherein: the inhibitor compound content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 5 to about 75. the amphiphile content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 0.01 to about 20; and the fuel content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 10 to about 75, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0119] In embodiments, the explosive composition is not, or does not comprise, an emulsion explosive. That is, the explosive composition does not include an emulsion explosive as is known in the art which employs an oxidiser solution of ammonium nitrate, surfactant and an oil phase to make a water-in-oil emulsion.

[0120] Reference to the pH of the explosive composition is effectively reference to the pH of the inhibitor composition as pH measurement of the explosive composition (with the inhibitor composition sprayed or mixed onto AN prills) is not practical.

[0121] In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source is selected from the group consisting of one or more of, an ammonium nitrate porous prill, an ammonium nitrate porous prill and a high density ammonium nitrate.

[0122] In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source is a porous ammonium nitrate source. Such porous ammonium nitrate may be referred to as porous prilled AN or PPAN, low density AN or LDAN, technical grade AN or TGAN. In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source comprises ammonium nitrate prills.

[0123] In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source consists essentially of ammonium nitrate prills.

[0124] In embodiments, in the explosive composition the liquid inhibitor composition is substantially homogeneously dispersed throughout the ammonium nitrate source.

[0125] In embodiments, the liquid inhibitor composition is a water-in-oil or, preferably, an oil-in-water composition adhering to or substantially coating the solid ammonium nitrate.

[0126] In one preferred embodiment, there is provided an explosive composition comprising: ammonium nitrate, optionally low density or high density ammonium nitrate prills; and a liquid emulsion inhibitor composition coated on the ammonium nitrate comprising: an inhibitor compound; a detergent composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water; and a fuel, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0127] In one preferred embodiment, there is provided an explosive composition comprising:ammonium nitrate, optionally ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate; and a liquid emulsion inhibitor composition coated on the ammonium nitrate comprising: an inhibitor compound; a detergent composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water; and a fuel, wherein: the inhibitor compound content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 20 to about 40. the detergent content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 0.1 to about 5; the inhibitor compound solvent content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 20 to about 40; and the fuel content in the liquid inhibitor composition (% w / w) is between about 30 to about 50, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0128] The liquid emulsion inhibitor composition may be a water-in-oil composition but is preferably an oil-in-water composition.

[0129] The detergent composition may be a detergent composition of a composition similar to that of a dishwashing detergent, an emulsion detergent (i.e. one known to be suitable for formation of emulsions), cosmetic detergent or surfactant compositions and the like.

[0130] In embodiments of the explosive composition comprising water or another polar solvent as the inhibitor compound solvent it is a surprising that such compositionswould detonate efficiently. It is generally accepted that water, and polar solvents more generally, should be avoided when using ammonium nitrate explosives but the inventor has found that this does not negatively impact upon the explosive compositions described herein.Weight rangesAmmonium nitrate source

[0131] In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is about, or greater than about: 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.5, or 99.9. In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is less than about: 99.9, 99.5, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, or 50. In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is between about 60 to about 99.9, between about 75 to about 99, between about 80 to about 98, between about 85 to about 98, between about 87 to about 98, between about 87 to about 97, between about 88 to about 97, between about 89 to about 97, between about 90 to about 97, or between about 90 to about 95.

[0132] In embodiments, the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is between about 80 to about 97 or between about 85 to about 97.Inhibitor composition

[0133] In embodiments, the liquid inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is about, or greater than about: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50. In embodiments, the inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is less than about: 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, or0.1. In embodiments, the inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is between about 0.1 to about 50, between about 2 to about 30, between about 3 to about 15, or between about 5 to about 10.Explosive composition

[0134] In embodiments, the explosive composition comprises: ammonium nitrate, optionally low density ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate prills, at between about 80 to 99 % w / w, optionally at between about 84 to 99 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof at about 1 to about 5 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition, optionally at about 0.1 to about 1.0, including about 0.15 to about 0.75, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 1 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel or other fuel oil, at about 2 to about 8 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0135] In embodiments, the explosive composition comprises:ammonium nitrate, optionally low density ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate prills, at between about 85 to 97 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof at about 1 to about 4 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition, at about 0.1 to about 1.0, including about 0.15 to about 0.75, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 2 to about 4, such as about 3, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel, at about 3 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0136] In embodiments, the explosive composition comprises: ammonium nitrate, optionally low density ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate prills, at between about 88 to 95 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound selected from urea and / or hexamethylenetetramine at about 1 to about 4 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; a washing liquid detergent composition, optionally at about 0.1 to about 1.0, including about 0.15 to about 0.75, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition;water about 2 to about 4, such as about 3, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and diesel at about 3 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.

[0137] In embodiments, the explosive composition comprises: ammonium nitrate, optionally ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate, at between about 90 to 99 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound comprising or consisting of hexamethylenetetramine at about 2 to about 30 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; a washing liquid detergent composition, optionally at about 0.1 to about 1.0, including about 0.15 to about 0.75, % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; water at about 3 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and diesel at about 4 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition, optionally wherein the explosive composition has a pH of between about 8 and about 12 or between about 8 and about 11.Inhibition of ammonium nitrate-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction

[0138] The explosive composition of the present disclosure is less susceptible to reacting with pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals due to the presence of the liquid inhibitor composition. In embodiments, the reaction between the explosive composition and pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals is inhibited for a period of time (in days) of about, or greater than about: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40. In embodiments, the reaction between the explosive composition andpyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals is inhibited for a period of time (in days) of less than about: 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0.5. In embodiments, the reaction between the explosive composition and pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals is inhibited for a period of time (in days) may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the reaction between the explosive composition and pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals is inhibited for a period of time (in days) of between about 0.1 to about 40 days, of between about 2 to about 40, or of between about 5 to about 20.Oxygen balance

[0139] The ammonium nitrate source content and liquid inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition may be selected to obtain a desired oxygen balance in the explosive composition. Oxygen balance is an expression that is used to indicate the degree to which an explosive can be oxidize. In other words, oxygen balance indicates if an explosive compound contains enough oxygen to fully oxidize the other atoms in the explosive composition. For example, fully oxidized carbon forms carbon dioxide, hydrogen forms water, sulphur forms sulphur dioxide, and metals form metal oxides. An explosive is said to have a positive oxygen balance if it contains more oxygen than is needed and a negative oxygen balance if it contains less oxygen than is needed. Methods for calculating oxygen balance are readily known to persons skilled in the art. An oxygen balance of around or less than zero (i.e. a negative oxygen balance) may be preferred.

[0140] In embodiments, the oxygen balance (%) of the explosive composition is about, or greater than about: -300, -200, -100, -95, -90, -85, -80, -75, -70, -65, -60, -55, -50, -45, -40, -35, -30, -25, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100. In embodiments, the oxygen balance (%) of the explosive composition less than about: 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, -5, -10, -15, -20, -25, -30, -35, -40, -45, -50, -55, -60, - 65, -70, -75, -80, -85, -90, -95, or -100. In embodiments, the oxygen balance (%) of the explosive composition may be in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the oxygen balance (%) of the explosive composition isbetween about -300 to about 100, between about -300 to about 50, between about -300 to about 20, between about -250 to about 100, between about -250 to about 50, between about -200 to about 20, or between about -190 to about 10.Velocity of detonation (VOD)

[0141] In embodiments, the explosive composition has a velocity of detonation which is at least equivalent to a similar explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate prill and a fuel but absent the inhibitor composition.

[0142] In embodiments, the VOD (m / s) of the explosive composition is about, or greater than about: 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500,3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4100, 4200, 4300, 4400, 4500, 4600, 4700, 4800, 4900,5000, 5100, 5200, 5300, 5400, 5500, 5600, 5700, 5800, 5900, 6000, 6100, 6200, 6300,6400, 6500, 6600, 6700, 6800, 6900, 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7400, or 7500. In embodiments, the VOD (m / s) of the explosive composition is less than about: 7500, 7400, 7300, 7200, 7100, 7000, 6900, 6800, 6700, 6600, 6500, 6400, 6300, 6200, 6100,6000, 5900, 5800, 5700, 5600, 5500, 5400, 5300, 5200, 5100, 5000, 4900, 4800, 4700,4600, 4500, 4400, 4300, 4200, 4100, 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700, 3600, 3500, 3400, 3300,3200, 3100, 3000, 2900, 2800, 2700, 2600, or 2500. In embodiments, the VOD (m / s) of the explosive composition is in a range provided by any two of these upper and / or lower values. In embodiments, the VOD (m / s) of the explosive composition is between about 2500 to about 7500.Method of making an explosive composition

[0143] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing the explosive composition as described herein, the method comprising: contacting an ammonium nitrate source with a liquid inhibitor composition as described herein to form the explosive composition.

[0144] In embodiments, the contacting occurs at a region comprising reactive ground. In embodiments, the region is a mine.

[0145] In embodiments, the method further comprises transporting the ammonium nitrate source and the inhibitor composition to the region comprising reactive ground inseparate containers. They may be transported on separate vehicles or on one vehicles but in separate tanks.

[0146] In embodiments, the inhibitor composition is transported in a standard diesel container which would have been used for traditional ANFO blasting. This is an advantage of the present inhibitor composition in that no modifications need be made to standard MPUs (mobile processing units) typically used on a mine site to transport the diesel fuel. The present inhibitor composition therefore can effectively replace (and provide) the diesel fuel oil component used for traditional ANFO blasting.

[0147] In embodiments, the contacting is achieved by spraying the inhibitor composition on the ammonium nitrate source.

[0148] In embodiments, the contacting is achieved by mixing the inhibitor composition and the ammonium nitrate source.

[0149] In embodiments, in the contacting is performed such that the inhibitor composition is substantially homogeneously dispersed throughout the ammonium nitrate source.

[0150] In embodiments, an optional dye may be added to the inhibitor composition to enable easy observation of appropriate dispersion of the liquid inhibitor on the AN prillsUse of the explosive composition

[0151] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided the use of the explosive composition described herein as an explosive.

[0152] In embodiments, the use of the explosive composition as an explosive is in a region having reactive ground, such as a region containing sulphide minerals. In embodiments, the use of the explosive composition as an explosive is at a mine.

[0153] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of inhibiting the ammonium nitrate pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction, the method comprising: using the inhibitor composition as described herein and / or the explosive composition as described herein in a region having reactive ground.

[0154] In embodiments, the region having reactive ground is a mine.Examples - Laboratory and Blasting Range TestingLiquid inhibitor composition preparation

[0155] Laboratory samples, were prepared as follows. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used on its own, i.e. without a separate solvent or amphiphile. Otherwise, samples were prepared by dissolving the inhibiting compound in water until a water saturated solution at 30°C was formed, while stirring the mixture. The surfactant (commercially available detergent composition such as a dishwashing liquid) was added, while still stirring, until dissolution. Finally, the diesel was dropwise added to the above solution, while stirring the mixture at 500 rpm and a low viscosity oil-in-water mixture was formed. A summary of the formulations prepared are displayed in Table 1.Table 1. Inhibitor composition content.Explosive composition preparation

[0156] The low viscosity oil-in-water mixtures described above were placed in a spray bottle and then the liquid was sprayed onto an ammonium nitrate prill.Calculations were conducted to prepare the above mixtures which when sprayed onto the AN prill such that the final explosive composition would have an oxygen balance between -15 to +15.Table 2. Explosive composition content.Reactive ground test

[0157] The laboratory samples were then tested with known rocks containing pyrites, at 55°C, following the AEISG code (https: / / aeisg.org.au / aeisg-codes-of-practice / ). The summary of these tests is displayed in Figure 1. Note that AN and standard ANFO were included in the tests as baseline. The “control” sample is an inert material (sand) to verify that the temperature during the entire testing process was 55°C. Further, it was observed that monoethanolamine, sprayed onto AN prills was able to delay the reaction between AN and pyrite for almost one day.

[0158] In the reactive ground tests using the inhibitor composition of the present disclosure the reaction between ammonium nitrate and pyrite was able to be delayed or inhibited for at least 0.5 days. In particular, the inhibition period was observed to be at least 7 days for a number of those formulations tested, particularly those including the amphiphile and inhibitor solvent. Thus, the liquid inhibitor composition may provide for an extended period of AN-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction inhibition, This reaction inhibition period may provide allow for mine operators to plan for the maximum safe period the explosive compositions can be located before blasting should be initiated.Blasting range detonation tests

[0159] After the AEISG reactive ground tests, compositions similar to #3 and #6 , above, were used for detonation tests to verify that the presence of the polar solvent (water) in the inhibitor composition was not going to cause detonation issues, for example misfire, and to determine the critical diameter of the explosive compositions. The formula tested are shown in Table 3.Table 3: Compositions used for velocity of detonation test.

[0160] The detonation tests were conducted in a blasting range by preparing batches of 8 kg of inhibited ANFO (as in table 3) in a twenty litre plastic bucket, by spraying the inhibiting fuel composition onto the AN prill, while rotating the bucket to achieve a homogeneous ANFO-like inhibited mixture. Once prepared the inhibited ANFO was placed in PVC tubes (65, 80 and 100mm sealed with a cap in one end). An instrument manufactured by ShotTrack Australia was used to measure the velocity of detonation of the samples. A coaxial cable was attached to the Shottrack instrument, and the other end was attached along the PVC pipes to capture the data. The VOD data summary is displayed in Figure 2. The data was plotted as VOD vs 1 / diameter, as this method allows to calculate the velocity of the product at infinite diameter.

[0161] The conclusion of the detonation test was that explosive compositions comprising the inhibitor compositions of the present disclosure can detonate with a higher velocity of detonation compared to an ANFO standard.Examples of blasting in a mineLiquid inhibitor composition preparation

[0162] A batch of 1000 litres of the liquid inhibitor was prepared. The formula employed is displayed in Table 4. Poly 20 (the surfactant) is also known as Tween 20 or Polysorbate 20 (it therefore contains polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate).Table 4: Large batch composition for mine blasting test.Reactive ground test

[0163] Two samples of this batch (ANFO-RG A and ANFO-RG B), having different mixing times, were tested with a known reactive rock sample (i.e., rock containing pyrites). The inhibiting composition was sprayed on to AN prills to achieve an approximate 90: 10 ratio of AN to inhibitor composition w / w. The ANFO-like inhibited mixture was tested at 55°C, following the AEISG code. The summary of these tests is displayed in Figure 3. Note that the “control” sample is an inert material (sand) to verify that the temperature during the entire testing process was 55°C. No reaction between the samples with the inhibiting liquid and the reactive rocks was observed thereby showing the success of the inhibiting composition.Mine trial

[0164] The batch was delivered to the mine site in a standard IBC container. It was noted at this stage that the inhibitor composition had been stable for 6 weeks. A pump can be used to deliver the inhibitor composition into an MPU. Approximately 900 L were transferred into the MPU for use with the MPU diesel tank being almost full.

[0165] Fifty two blastholes (10 m deep; 270 mm diameter; average 5 m stemming) were loaded with this ANFO-like inhibited mixture, at a rate of 650 kg / min. The ANFOlike mixture was made from AN prill / inhibiting liquid-90 / 10 ratio.. A total of 6,043 kg of the product was loaded. Even distribution of the inhibitor composition over the prills was observed and so the density and viscosity of the inhibitor composition was suitable for easy spraying onto the AN prills. It was noted that there were no odour concerns from the inhibitor composition. To initiate the explosive column, non-electric detonators (600 ms delay; made by Dyno Nobel) were used. Boosters were Solarcast-P boosters (440 g) by Solar Industries.

[0166] The VOD of the product was measured in 6 blastholes using the instrument manufactured by ShotTrack Australia which measures VOD continuously along the explosive column. The VOD trace obtained from the instrument is displayed in Figure 4. Table 5 displays a summary of the VOD data which is similar or slightly higher than ANFOs’ VOD. Blasting did not cause any NOx fumes following detonation.Table 5: VOD summary from mine trial.

[0167] In light of a working theory that pH of the inhibitor composition plays an important role in inhibiting the AN-pyrite (and other reactive ground) reaction, a number of other formulations were tested to generate data on pH achieved based on relative amount of one or more inhibiting compounds and to provide consideration of impact on oxygen balance in the final explosive composition. These formulations will be tested for stability with reactive ground as part of an explosive composition (with AN prills) as described in the above examples.

[0168] Sodium hydroxide is known to be a strong alkali. Relative concentrations were tested in water as the inhibiting compound solvent and these are shown in Figure 5. As expected, even relatively low amounts of NaOH provided a strongly alkaline pH and so may be suitable for the present inhibitor compositions. The impact on oxygen balance when employing NaOH as inhibitor compound would be negligible.

[0169] Sodium Hydroxide was also tested in solutions with additional alkaline materials. In Figure 6, Sodium Hydroxide and Hexamine were dissolved with varying ratios, starting with 45% Hexamine and 0% Sodium Hydroxide, increasing the Sodium Hydroxide and decreasing the Hexamine by 5% each test. The upper line in Figure 6 represents the changing pH while the other line (starting from zero) represents the addition % of water required for dissolution. With only Hexamine dissolved in water the pH is measured at 9.88, with the swapping of only 5% to Sodium Hydroxide the pH increased up to 14.6. If these two inhibiting compounds are to be used together then the use of additional inhibitor compound solvent, in this case water, is required to maintain solubility of the Hexamine.

[0170] Similarly to the testing with Hexamine, Urea was used in solutions with Sodium Hydroxide. Unlike with the Hexamine the Sodium Hydroxide had no measurable reduction on the solubility of Urea. Figure 7 represents the changing pH of the solution with the increased swapping of urea for Sodium Hydroxide. Urea showed a higher initial pH level of 10.53 compared with Hexamine, as well as a reduced increase from the addition of Sodium Hydroxide compared to the Hexamine with 5% producing a pH of 13.95. It did have a higher peak pH level of 14.82.

[0171] Similar testing was next carried out with ammonium hydroxide with pH results shown in Figure 8 for differing ammonia solution concentrations. Ammonium hydroxide only forms as a small (0.42%) portion of an ammonia solution; the rest remains as ammonia. This is beneficial as the oxygen balance of ammonia is -140.92%, significantly higher than ammonium hydroxide’s -68.48%. With a pH level of 12.17 at 0.5% ammonium hydroxide may provide an inhibitor composition closer to a preferred 8-12 pH level than sodium hydroxide at 14.09 at the same concentration, although both may have value depending on the final composition blend.

[0172] Other tests will be carried out using potassium hydroxide (pH 10-13) and sodium silicate (pH 11-13) with these components being expected to provide for stable inhibitor compositions of an appropriate pH and also being cost-effective to manufacture, similar to NaOH, urea and ammonium hydroxide, in industrial scales.

[0173] Thus, the inventors of the present disclosure have provided inhibitor compositions that can be used in combination with ammonium nitrate, particularly ammonium nitrate prills and including low or high density ammonium nitrate prills, which not only delays or inhibits the ammonium nitrate-pyrite and / or other reactive sulphide minerals reaction but may also provide for a velocity of detonation which is comparable or higher than explosive compositions of a similar standard known in the art. Further, as the inhibitor composition itself is not explosive, the inhibitor composition and the source of ammonium nitrate may be transported separately to the desired mine site thereby improving the public safety during transport of components of explosive compositions.

[0174] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and / or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

Claims:

1. An inhibitor composition comprising: an inhibitor compound; optionally, an amphiphile optionally, an inhibitor compound solvent; and a fuel.

2. The inhibitor composition of claim 1, wherein the amphiphile is present.

3. The inhibitor composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the inhibitor compound solvent is an aqueous solvent, an alcohol, a diol including glycol, a triol including glycerol, a ketone, an ester, a formamide, a sulfoxide, a nitrile, and combinations thereof, preferably water.

4. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor composition is an emulsion.

5. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor composition is an oil-in-water emulsion.

6. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor composition is a water-in-oil emulsion.

7. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound is selected from a urea, an amine, a hydroxide salt, a carbonate salt, a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a benzenoid aromatic compound, an alkaline material, and combinations thereof.

8. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound is selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2- aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof.

9. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel is insoluble in the inhibitor compound solvent.

10. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel is selected from diesel, solvent neutral oils, naphthenic oils, kerosene, gasoline, plant- derived fuels, biofuels, biodiesels, vegetable oils, waste oils, tyre oils, plastics, rubber, plastic oil, and combinations thereof.

11. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel is diesel.

12. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphiphile is or comprises a surfactant.

13. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant is selected from an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, and combinations thereof.

14. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 5 to about 75.

15. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 10 to about 55.

16. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphiphile content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.01 to about 20.

17. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphiphile content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 0.1 to about 5.

18. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 10 to about 75.

19. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 20 to about 60.

20. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound solvent content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 5 to about 60.

21. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor compound solvent content in the composition (% w / w based on the total weight of the composition) is between about 5 to about 50, optionally about 5 to about 40, optionally about 15 to about 50.

22. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is less than about 1.25.

23. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is between about 0.65 to about 1.25.

24. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the density (in g / ml at 25 °C) of the inhibitor composition is between about 0.75 to about 1.10, optionally between about 0.75 to about 0.95 g / ml.

25. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor composition has a pH between about 7.5 to about 14.0, optionally between about 8.0 to about 13, or between about 8.0 to about 12.0.

26. The inhibitor composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor composition comprises: an inhibitor compound selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2- aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and combinations thereof, at about 15 to about 30 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition;an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition or a polysorbate, at about 0.1 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 20 to about 35 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel, at about 25 to about 50 % w / w based on the total weight of the composition, optionally wherein the pH of the inhibitor composition is between about pH 7.5 to about pH 14.0 or between about pH 8.0 to about pH 13.0.

27. An explosive composition comprising: an ammonium nitrate source; and the inhibitor composition of any one of claims 1 to 2628. The explosive composition of claim 27, wherein the ammonium nitrate source is an ammonium nitrate porous prill, including a low density ammonium nitrate porous prill, a high density ammonium nitrate prill, and mixtures thereof.

29. The explosive composition of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the ammonium nitrate source substantially consists of ammonium nitrate prills.

30. The explosive composition of any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the inhibitor composition content in the explosive composition is (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is between about 1 to about 20, including about 1 to about 15.

31. The explosive composition of any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein the ammonium nitrate source content in the explosive composition is (% w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition) is between about 80 to about 99, including about 85 to about 99.

32. The explosive composition of any one of claims 27 to 31, comprising: ammonium nitrate, optionally low density ammonium nitrate prills or high density ammonium nitrate prills or a mixture thereof, at between about 80 to 99 % w / w,optionally at between about 84 to 99 % w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition; an inhibitor compound, optionally selected from urea, thiourea, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, diphenylamine, 2-aminonaphthalene, 4-aminophenol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, liquid silicates optionally those with the general formula (Na2O)2*(SiO2), and combinations thereof at about 1 to about 5 % w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition; an amphiphile, optionally a detergent composition, optionally at about 0.1 to about 1.0, including about 0.15 to about 0.75, % w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition; an inhibitor compound solvent, optionally water, at about 1 to about 6 % w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition; and a fuel, optionally diesel or other fuel oil, at about 2 to about 8 % w / w based on the total weight of the explosive composition.

33. A method of preparing an explosive composition, the method comprising: contacting an ammonium nitrate source with an inhibitor composition of any one of claims 1 to 26, to thereby form the explosive composition.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the contacting is achieved by spraying the inhibitor composition on the ammonium nitrate source.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein the contacting is achieved by mixing the inhibitor composition and the ammonium nitrate source.

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