A-IOT data transmission
The method optimizes A-IoT data transmission by using paging messages to allocate resources and manage contention in A-IoT networks, reducing resource overhead and latency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing A-IoT networks face challenges in reducing resource overhead and latency during data transmission, necessitating enhancements for efficient A-IoT data transmission.
The method involves initiating A-IoT data transmission through paging messages that indicate available resources for specific traffic types, using device-to-reader and reader-to-device messages with random IDs, and managing contention resolution failures to optimize data transmission.
This approach reduces resource overhead and latency in A-IoT networks by efficiently utilizing available resources and managing data transmission for different traffic types, enhancing network performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025111625_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A-IOT DATA TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices, processors for wireless communication and methods for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) data transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More ‘things’ are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices can enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain. Enhancements for A-IoT networks, especially, on A-IoT data transmission, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support A-IoT data transmission. With the apparatuses and methods, A-IoT data transmission may be initiated by A-IoT paging, thus reducing resource overhead and latency.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; determines that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and initiates the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include at least one of the following: a positive indication that at least a part of the indicated resources are available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; an indication of the first traffic type, wherein the indication of the first traffic type is comprised in a paging identity (ID) field in the paging message; or null of an indication that the indicated resources are only available for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources, wherein the first device-to-reader message may include a random ID; receiving, from the second apparatus, a subsequent reader-to-device message associated with the first device-to-reader message, wherein the subsequent reader-to-device message may include the random ID; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a second device-to-reader message based on the subsequent reader-to-device message, wherein the second device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device-to-reader message may include at least one of the following: a device ID of the first apparatus; an indication of the first traffic type; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, one of the following: an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission; a negative acknowledgement indication for the second device-to-reader message or for the subsequent data; a command for the data transmission of the first traffic type; or scheduling information for data transmission of the first traffic type.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources, wherein the first device-to-reader message may include a random ID, wherein the first device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message has a first device-to-reader message format for the first traffic type.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message may include an indication of the first traffic type.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message format for the first traffic type may include an indication of a message type, wherein a first device-to-reader message format for a second traffic type may include no indication of a message type.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message format for the first traffic type may include an indication of a first message type, wherein a first device-to-reader message format for a second traffic type may include an indication of a second message type.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a contention resolution failure; and determining a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on the contention resolution failure.
[0016] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on at least one of the following: receiving a negative acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration; or absence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration, wherein the time point corresponds one of the following: reception of a further paging message; reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; or reception of a reader-to-device message with or triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type.
[0017] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: retransmitting, to the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type based on a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type or a reader-to-device message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a request for resource configuration for transmitting data of the first traffic type.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: releasing an access stratum (AS) ID of the first apparatus based on at least one of the following: reception of a further paging message; reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; reception of a negative acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus; reception of an acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus; or reception of a reader-to-device message with or triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message is indicative of at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type and at least one second resource for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include: a first field associated with the first traffic type, the first field being indicative of the at least one first resource, and a second field associated with the second traffic type, the second field being indicative of the at least one second resource.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include a field indicative of a plurality of resources for initiating data transmission. The plurality of resources may include the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in time domain. The paging message may include one of the following: a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a frequency domain position indication of the at least one second resource.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in frequency domain. The paging message may include one of the following: a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a time domain position indication of the at least one second resource.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource are configured independently in time domain and in frequency domain.
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, an access trigger message for triggering the first apparatus and the one or more AIoT devices.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, a first access trigger message associated with the first traffic type, wherein the first access trigger message has a message type associated with the first traffic type; or wherein the first access trigger message may include at least one of the following: an indication of the first traffic type; a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource.
[0028] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a first resource among the at least one first resource, wherein the first device-to-reader message may include at least one of the following: a random ID; a device ID of the first apparatus; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0029] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, a subsequent reader-to-device message associated with the first device-to-reader message, wherein the subsequent reader-to-device message may include one of the following: an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission; or scheduling information for the subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0030] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a contention resolution failure or a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on at least one of the following: absence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration; or absence of scheduling information before a time point or within a time duration, wherein the time point corresponds one of the following: reception of one or multiple further access trigger message; reception of one or multiple further access trigger message associated with the first traffic type; reception of a further paging message; or reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type.
[0031] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: retransmitting, to the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type based on a further access trigger message or a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type.
[0032] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a request for resource configuration for transmitting data of the first traffic type.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the acknowledgement indication may include an AS ID of the first apparatus; wherein the negative acknowledgement indication may include an AS ID of the first apparatus; wherein the scheduling information may include an AS ID of the first apparatus.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first traffic type is a device originated-autonomous (DO-A) traffic type. The first apparatus is an AIoT device supporting the first traffic type; wherein the one or more AIoT devices are AIoT devices supporting a second traffic type. The second traffic type may include at least one of a device originated by device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) traffic type or a device terminated (DT) traffic type. The second apparatus is an AIoT reader.
[0035] In a second aspect of the solution, a second apparatus transmits, to a first apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices, wherein at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and receives, from the first apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0036] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a third apparatus, assistance information associated with the first traffic type; determining a number of access occasions for the paging message based on the assistance information; and determining the resources indicated in the paging message based on the number of access occasions.
[0037] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a third apparatus, assistance information associated with the first traffic type; and determining at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type based on the assistance information.
[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance information may include at least one of the following: an indication of whether to perform data collection for the first traffic type; anumber level of apparatuses with data of the first traffic type; a size level of data of the first traffic type; a data type of the first traffic type; a generation frequency of data of the first traffic type; or an emergency level of a service associated with the first traffic type.
[0039] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a third apparatus, at least one paging identity (ID) of the one or more AIoT devices to be paged and an indication of the first traffic type.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include at least one of the following: a positive indication that at least a part of the indicated resources are available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; an indication of the first traffic type, wherein the indication of the first traffic type is comprised in a paging identity (ID) field in the paging message; or null of an indication that the indicated resources are only available for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources, wherein the first device-to-reader message may include a random ID; transmitting, to the first apparatus, a subsequent reader-to-device message associated with the first device-to-reader message, wherein the subsequent reader-to-device message may include the random ID; and receiving, from the first apparatus, a second device-to-reader message based on the subsequent reader-to-device message, wherein the second device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type.
[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device-to-reader message may include at least one of the following: a device ID of the first apparatus; an indication of the first traffic type; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device-to-reader message may include the device ID of the first apparatus. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a third apparatus, the device ID of the first apparatus; and receiving, from the third apparatus, a command of obtaining data of the first traffic type from the first apparatus.
[0044] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources. The first device-to-reader message may include a random ID. The first device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message has a first device-to-reader message format for the first traffic type.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device-to-reader message may include an indication of the first traffic type.
[0047] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message is indicative of at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type and at least one second resource for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type.
[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include: a first field associated with the first traffic type, the first field being indicative of the at least one first resource, and a second field associated with the second traffic type, the second field being indicative of the at least one second resource.
[0049] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the paging message may include a field indicative of a plurality of resources for initiating data transmission. The plurality of resources may include the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in time domain. The paging message may include one of the following: a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a frequency domain position indication of the at least one second resource.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in frequency domain. The paging message may include one of the following: a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a time domain position indication of the at least one second resource.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource are configured independently in time domain and in frequency domain.
[0053] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first apparatus and the one or more AIoT devices, an access trigger message for triggering the first apparatus and the one or more AIoT devices.
[0054] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a first access trigger message associated with the first traffic type, transmitting, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second access trigger message associated with a second traffic type, wherein the first access trigger message has a message type associated with the first traffic type; or wherein the first access trigger message may include at least one of the following: an indication of the first traffic type; afrequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; or a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource.
[0055] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a first resource among the at least one first resource, wherein the first device-to-reader message may include at least one of the following: a random ID; a device ID of the first apparatus; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0056] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the first apparatus is to transmit data of the first traffic type; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, a command for the data transmission of the first traffic type or scheduling information for data transmission of the first traffic type, wherein the scheduling information may include an AS ID of the first apparatus.
[0057] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: based on reception of the data of the first traffic type from the first apparatus, transmitting, to the first apparats, an acknowledgement indication, wherein the acknowledgement indication may include an access stratum (AS) ID of the first apparatus.
[0058] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the first apparatus is to transmit data of the first traffic type; and based on determining failure of receiving the data of first traffic type from the first apparatus, transmitting, to the first apparatus, a negative acknowledgement indication, wherein the negative acknowledgement indication may include an AS ID of the first apparatus.
[0059] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a third apparatus, the data of the first traffic type.
[0060] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first traffic type is a device originated-autonomous (DO-A) traffic type. The first apparatus is an AIoT device supporting the first traffic type; wherein the one or more AIoT devices are AIoT devices supporting a second traffic type. The second traffic type may include at least one of a device originated by device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) traffic type or a device terminated (DT) traffic type. The second apparatus is an AIoT reader.
[0061] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity supporting an AIoT function.
[0062] In a third aspect of the solution, a third apparatus transmits, to a second apparatus, assistance information associated with a first traffic type or a command of obtaining data of a first traffic type from a first apparatus; and receives, from the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0063] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance information may include at least one of the following: an indication of whether to perform data collection for the first traffic type; a number level of apparatuses with data of the first traffic type; a size level of data of the first traffic type; a data type of the first traffic type; a generation frequency of data of the first traffic type; or an emergency level of a service associated with the first traffic type.
[0064] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, at least one paging identity (ID) of one or more AIoT devices to be paged and an indication of the first traffic type.
[0065] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, a device ID of the first apparatus; determining that the first apparatus is associated with the first traffic type; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, the command of obtaining data of the first traffic type from the first apparatus.
[0066] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity supporting an AIoT function. The first traffic type is a device originated-autonomous (DO-A) traffic type. The second apparatus is an AIoT reader. The first apparatus is an AIoT device supporting the first traffic type.
[0067] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more AIoT devices are AIoT devices supporting a second traffic type. The second traffic type may include at least one of a device originated by device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) traffic type or a device terminated (DT) traffic type.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0068] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 1B illustrates an example diagram of an architecture supporting the A-IoT radio interface.
[0070] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of an A-IoT contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure procedure.
[0071] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of an A-IoT contention-free random access (CFA) procedure procedure.
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0073] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example diagrams of resource configurations for access occasions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0074] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate example diagrams of access trigger messages for triggering A-IoT devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0075] FIGS. 5 through 10 illustrate example processes of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a device that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0078] FIGS. 13 through 15 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0079] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0080] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0081] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0082] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0083] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0084] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0085] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0086] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0087] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0088] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0089] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0090] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0091] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0092] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0093] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0094] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0095] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0096] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0097] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0098] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0099] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0100] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0101] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0102] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0103] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0104] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0105] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0106] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0107] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0108] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0109] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0110] A-IoT devices are characterized according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions. An A-IoT device has either no energy storage at all, or has limited energy storage. Relying on the storage capacities, the A-IoT devices may be categorized into Device A, Device B, and Device C. The A-IoT devices may also be categorized into Device 1, Device 2a, Device 2b, etc. Device 1 refers to A-IoT device with ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, and neither R2D nor D2R amplification in the device. The device's D2R transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Device 2a refers to A-IoT device with no more than a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both R2D and / or D2R amplification in the device. The device’s D2R transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Device 2b refers to A-IoT device with no more than a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both R2D and / or D2R amplification in the device. The device’s D2R transmission is generated internally by the device.
[0111] Multiple connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study. In all these topologies, the A-IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional. For example, in Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station. The communication between the base station and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS transmitting to the A-IoT device is a different from the BS receiving from the A-IoT device. For ease of discussion, some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Topology 1. It should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other topologies.
[0112] Deployment scenarios for A-IoT have been studied on the basis of a list of characteristics, and the representative use case (s) applicable to a scenario. For example, deployment scenario 1 is based on indoors device and indoors base station, deployment scenario 2 is based on indoors device and outdoors base station, deployment scenario 3 is based on indoors device and UE-based reader, deployment scenario 4 is based on outdoors device and outdoors base station, deployment scenario 5 is based on outdoors device and UE-based reader.
[0113] An A-IoT reader is a reader providing A-IoT protocol terminations towards the A-IoT device. A-IoT radio interface provides the communication between A-IoT device (s) and an A-IoT reader, e.g., a gNB-reader or a UE-reader. An example diagram of an architecture supporting the A-IoT radio interface is shown in FIG. 1B. It should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the architecture shown in FIG. 1B. For example, communication between A-IoT device (s) and a UE reader is also possible, e. g. as in topology 2. A-IoT radio interface can support both inventory procedure and command procedure as defined in 3GPP TS 23.369. Inventory refers to a service provided by the network to discover and acquire the identifier of A-IoT device (s) . Command refers to a service provided by the network to transmit the operation instruction to the A-IoT device (e. g. read, write, etc. ) . The A-IoT device monitors the reader-to-device (R2D) message as long as it has sufficient energy.
[0114] A-IoT paging allows the A-IoT reader to trigger one or more A-IoT device (s) to perform A-IoT contention-based random access (CBRA) or A-IoT contention-free random access (CFA) . The A-IoT paging message is transmitted on physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) . The A-IoT paging may include one paging identifier or no paging identifier. If a paging identifier is included, the A-IoT paging message may be addressed to a single A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices. If no paging identifier is included, the A-IoT paging message is addressed to all A-IoT devices. The A-IoT paging message may also provide configuration for A-IoT access procedure.
[0115] In Release 19, an A-IoT device is not expected to process parallel service requests indicated by A-IoT paging messages, and relies on network implementation to address the issue of parallel service requests caused by A-IoT reader overlapping scenario.
[0116] Both A-IoT CBRA procedure and A-IoT CFA procedure are supported for A-IoT access. The A-IoT device initiates either A-IoT CBRA or A-IoT CFA based on the indication in the A-IoT paging message. As used herein, the term “A-IoT paging message” may be used interchangeably with the term “ (initial) trigger message” . FIG. 1C illustrates an example of an A-IoT CBRA procedure procedure. FIG. 1D illustrates an example of an A-IoT CFA procedure procedure.
[0117] For CBRA, the A-IoT device randomly selects one access occasion among access occasions configured in A-IoT paging message and monitors the Access Trigger message (s) to determine the start of the selected access occasion and transmits the A-IoT MSG1 (i. e. the Random ID message) on this access occasion as described in 3GPP TS 38.391. A-IoT MSG1 is the first device-to-reader (D2R) message transmission in the A-IoT CBRA procedure. An access occasion is a time-frequency resource for A-IoT device (s) to transmit A-IoT MSG1 (i.e., the Random ID message) during an A-IoT CBRA procedure. After A-IoT MSG1 transmission, the A-IoT device monitors A-IoT MSG2 (i. e. the Random ID Response message) from the A-IoT reader for contention resolution. A-IoT MSG2 is a reader-to-device (R2D) message in response to A-IoT MSG1 in the A-IoT CBRA procedure. Upon successful reception of A-IoT MSG2 which contains the same random ID as transmitted in A-IoT MSG1, the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution as successful, as shown in FIG. 1C. Otherwise, the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution as failed. If contention resolution is successful, the A-IoT device shall report the inventory response in the D2R Upper Layer Data Transfer message. If the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution as failed, the A-IoT device continues monitoring follow-up A-IoT paging message (s) .
[0118] For CFA, the A-IoT device shall use the dedicated resource provided in A-IoT paging message to transmit the D2R Upper Layer Data Transfer message, as shown in FIG. 1D.
[0119] The A-IoT MAC sublayer supports R2D reception and D2R transmission of upper layer data, including inventory response, upper layer command and command response. A D2R A-IoT MAC PDU can include padding bit (s) . An A-IoT device adds padding bit (s) to a D2R Upper Layer Data Transfer message, if the scheduled TB size of D2R Upper Layer Data Transfer message exceeds the size of the A-IoT MAC PDU. After transmitting a D2R Upper Layer Data Transfer message which follows the reception of A-IoT MSG2, if a NACK message with its AS ID is received before subsequent A-IoT paging message or a R2D Upper Layer Data Transfer message addressed to it, the A-IoT device continues monitoring the follow-up A-IoT paging message (s) . AS ID is the AS layer identifier to address the specific A-IoT device for R2D reception and D2R scheduling.
[0120] A D2R upper layer data SDU except for inventory response can be segmented in A-IoT MAC layer in case the size of the A-IoT MAC PDU exceeds the scheduled TB size. Segmentation of R2D upper layer data SDU in A-IoT MAC layer is not supported at least in Release 19.
[0121] To support command procedure, an A-IoT device is assigned with a new AS ID or indicated to reuse the random ID transmitted in A-IoT MSG1 as an AS ID, which is to address the specific A-IoT device for R2D reception and scheduling resources for D2R transmission. During A-IoT CBRA procedure, an A-IoT device can be assigned with a new AS ID or indicated to reuse the random ID transmitted in A-IoT MSG1 as an AS ID by A-IoT MSG2. After A-IoT CFA procedure, an A-IoT device can be assigned with an AS ID together with a R2D Upper Layer Data Transfer message. An A-IoT device is not expected to maintain both AS ID and random ID simultaneously, and it maintains at most one AS ID at a time. The A-IoT device releases the AS ID, if it is out of energy or other condition (s) specified in 3GPP TS 38.391 is fulfilled.
[0122] An A-IoT function (AIOTF) has been introduced to support A-IoT services, with some AMF's functionalities integrated, which includes: A-RAN (Ambient IoT RAN) connectivity; inventory handling and device context management; authentication and authorization for the access, which triggers interaction with AUSF / UDM; collecting charging data and interacting with CHF for charging; routing the request from AF (via NEF) to A-RAN, for DO-DTT / DT traffic types; routing the response from A-RAN to AF (via NEF) for DO-DTT traffic type, etc. It should be understood that the function of AIOTF may be further extended.
[0123] For Device 1 for use in Deployment Scenario 1 with Topology 1, the traffic types supported are device originated by device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) and device terminated (DT) , focusing on supporting use cases for indoor inventory and indoor command applications.
[0124] The Device Originated-Autonomous (DO-A) associated procedure has been proposed. However, the R19 design cannot support DO-A traffic type. At least the A-IoT paging is an aspect / part of the R19 design which is not sufficient for the DO-A use case.
[0125] It’s possible that A-IoT devices supporting DO-A and A-IoT devices supporting DT / DO-DTT co-exist in the same reader’s coverage. Reader may collect available DO-A data from A-IoT devices with available DO-A data when paging A-IoT devices, e.g., triggered by AIoTF or reader itself. In such scenario, A-IoT device with available DO-A data can use the resource indicated in the paging message to transmit DO-A data. Solutions are needed to enable DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging in the following cases. It should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to various topologies or deployment scenarios for A-IoT.
[0126] In a first case, the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources in the paging message. In this case, all the A-IoT devices with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT devices need to compete with each other to obtain the Msg1 resource. This case may be applied to the paging message to trigger CBRA of the paged A-IoT devices.
[0127] In a second case, the reader indicates DO-A resource separately in the paging message. In this case, A-IoT device with available DO-A data doesn’t need to compete with the paged A-IoT device since the paging message indicates separate DO-A resources for DO-A service or for A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. However, there's competition among A-IoT devices with available DO-A data if there’re multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data to transmit. This case may be applied to the paging message to trigger CBRA of the paged A-IoT devices or the paging message to trigger CFA of paged A-IoT devices.
[0128] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for A-IoT data transmission. In an aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first apparatus (for example, an A-IoT device) receives a paging message for paging one or more A-IoT devices from a second apparatus (for example, a reader) . Based on determining that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type (e.g., DO-A data) , the first apparatus initiates the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the A-IoT data transmission and thus improve the A-IoT system performance efficiently.
[0129] As used herein, the “first D2R message” refers to the D2R message following the paging message. In some cases, the “first D2R message” may be implemented as “Msg1” . In the A-IoT CFA procedure, the “first D2R message” may carry upper layer data. In the A-IoT CBRA procedure, the “first D2R message” or “Msg1” may carry a radom ID, and thus may also be referred to as a “random ID message” . In the A-IoT CBRA procedure, the subsequent R2D message following the first D2R message (or “random ID message” or “Msg1” ) may carry the radom ID carried in the first D2R message, and thus may also be referred to as a “random ID response message” or “Msg2” . Other terms are also possible. As used herein, the “second D2R message” refers to the D2R message following the subsequent R2D message. In the A-IoT CBRA procedure, the “second D2R message” may be implemented as “Msg3” .
[0130] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process 200 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve a first apparatus 210 and a second apparatus 220. The first apparatus 210 may be implemented as an A-IoT device supporting a first traffic type. The first traffic type may be DO-A traffic type. The second apparatus 220 may be implemented as an A-IoT reader. In some implementations, the process 200 may further involve a third apparatus 230. The third apparatus 230 may be implemented as an AIoTF. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0131] As shown in FIG. 2, the second apparatus 220 transmits (212) a paging message 214 for paging one or more A-IoT devices (not shown in FIG. 2) . In some implementations, the one or more paged A-IoT devices may support a second traffic type. The second traffic type may include a DO-DTT traffic type and / or a DT traffic type. In some examples, in addition to the second traffic type, at least one A-IoT device among the one or more paged A-IoT devices may also support the first traffic type. In other words, the paging message 214 may be addressed to A-IoT devices supporting DT / DO-DTT / DO-A traffic types.
[0132] The first apparatus 210 receives (216) the paging message 214 from the second apparatus 220. If the first apparatus 210 determines (218) that resources indicated in the paging message 214 are available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type, the first apparatus 210 initiates (222) the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus 220. In some implementations, the first apparatus 210 may transmit (232) data 234 of the first traffic type to the second apparatus 220. Accordingly, the second apparatus 220 may receive (236) the data 234 of the first traffic type from the first apparatus 210. In some examples, based on reception of the data 234 of the first traffic type from the first apparatus 210, the second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, an acknowledgement indication. The acknowledgement indication may include an access stratum (AS) ID of the first apparatus 210. In some alternative examples, the second apparatus 220 may determine that the first apparatus 210 is to transmit data 234 of the first traffic type; and may transmit a negative acknowledgement indication to the first apparatus 210 based on determining failure of receiving the data of first traffic type from the first apparatus 210. The negative acknowledgement indication may include an AS ID of the first apparatus 210. In some implementations, the second apparatus 220 may transmit (238) the data 234 of the first traffic type to the third apparatus 230. Accordingly, the third apparatus 230 may receive (242) the data 234 of the first traffic type from the second apparatus 220.
[0133] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may transmit (202) , to the second apparatus 220, assistance information 204 associated with a first traffic type. Accordingly, the second apparatus 220 may receive (208) , from the third apparatus 230, the assistance information 204 associated with the first traffic type. In some implementations, the assistance information 204 may include at least one of the following: an indication of whether to perform data collection for the first traffic type; a number level of apparatuses with data of the first traffic type; a size level of data of the first traffic type; a data type of the first traffic type; a generation frequency of data of the first traffic type; or an emergency level of a service associated with the first traffic type. In other words, the assistance information may include at least one of the following: whether to collect available DO-A data; an (approximate) number of A-IoT devices with available DO-A data in the reader coverage / in a specific area; an (approximate) DO-A data size (level) ; DO-A data type (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc. ) ; DO-A data generation frequency; the emergency level of DO-A service in the specific area, etc.
[0134] In some implementations, the second apparatus 220 may determine a number of access occasions for the paging message 214 based on the assistance information 204, and determine the resources indicated in the paging message 214 based on the number of access occasions. For example, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, the reader may change the number of access occasions considering A-IoT devices with available DO-A data that may access, based on the assistance information from AIoTF.
[0135] In some alternative implementations, the second apparatus 220 may determine at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type based on the assistance information 204. For example, in the case that the reader indicates DO-A resources separately in the paging message, the reader may determine the number and size of DO-A resources based on the assistance information from AIoTF. In this way, the separate resource for DO-A service / A-IoT devices with available DO-A data may be determined.
[0136] In some embodiments, the paging message 214 may include a positive indication that at least a part of the resources indicated in the paging message 214 are available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type. For example, the reader may add a 1-bit indication in the paging message. For example, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, a bit value of ‘1’ may represent that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can use the resource indicated in the paging message; a bit value of ‘0’ may represent that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data cannot use the resource indicated in the paging message. An A-IoT device with available DO-A data can know whether it can use the resources indicated in the paging message to transmit DO-A data based on the bit value. In another example, in the case that the reader indicates DO-A resources separately in the paging message, an A-IoT device with available DO-A data can know whether there’s available DO-A resources in the paging message or not based on the bit value. Alternatively or additionally, the paging message 214 may include an indication of the first traffic type. The indication of the first traffic type may be included in a paging identity (ID) field in the paging message 214. For example, the second apparatus 220 may receive, from the third apparatus 230, at least one paging ID of the one or more A-IoT devices to be paged and an indication of the first traffic type. In a more specific example, the AIoTF may include ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field.
[0137] In some implementations, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, if an A-IoT device with available DO-A data detects a positive indication (e.g., ‘1’ ) or ‘DO-A’ indication, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data selects a resource to transmit Msg1 (e.g., Random ID message) ; otherwise, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data shall ignore / discard the paging message. In some alternative implementations, in the case that the reader indicates DO-A resources separately in the paging message, if an A-IoT device with available DO-A data detects the positive indication (e.g., ‘1’ or ‘DO-A’ ) , the A-IoT device with available DO-A data decodes the scheduling information; otherwise, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data shall ignore / discard the paging message.
[0138] In some alternative embodiments, the paging message 214 may include null of an indication that the resources indicated in the paging message 214 are only available for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type. For example, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, if there is no any additional indication in the paging message, all A-IoT devices (e.g., both A-IoT devices with available DO-A data and the paged A-IoT device) can use the resources indicated in the paging message; if the resources indicated in the paging message can be only used by the paged A-IoT device rather than the A-IoT device with available DO-A data, the reader / AIoTF would add an additional indication to indicate it. In another example, in the case that the reader indicates DO-A resources separately in the paging message, if there is no any additional indication in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data decodes the scheduling information to find available DO-A resources in the paging message; if there is no available DO-A resources in the paging message, the reader / AIoTF may optionally add an additional indication to indicate it.
[0139] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may transmit a first D2R message to the second apparatus 220 over a resource among the resources indicated in the paging message 214. The first D2R message may include a random ID. The first apparatus 210 may receive a subsequent R2D message associated with the first D2R message from the second apparatus 220. The subsequent R2D message may include the random ID. The first apparatus 210 may transmit a second D2R message to the second apparatus 220 based on the subsequent R2D message. The second D2R message may be indicative of the first traffic type. For example, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may transmit a DO-A related indication to the reader via Msg3 so as to help the reader / AIoTF to identify that it’s the A-IoT device with available DO-A data rather than paged A-IoT device / DT data / DO-DTT data.
[0140] In some implmentations, the second D2R message may include at least one of the following: a device ID of the first apparatus 210; an indication of the first traffic type; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type. For example, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may add a DO-A related indication (e.g., an explicit DO-A indication or a positive more data indication) in Msg3. In a first example, Msg3 may include a device ID and an explicit DO-A indication. In a second example, Msg3 may include a device ID and a positive more data indication (e.g., indicating there’re subsequent data) . In a third example, Msg3 may include DO-A data and an explicit DO-A indication. In a fourth example, Msg3 may include DO-A data, a positive more data indication, and explicit DO-A indication (optional) .
[0141] In some examples, the second D2R message may include a device ID of the first apparatus 210. The second apparatus 220 may transmit the device ID of the first apparatus 210 to the third apparatus 230. The third apparatus 230 may determine that the first apparatus 210 is associated with the first traffic type based on the device ID of the first apparatus 210. The third apparatus 230 may transmit (224) , to the second apparatus 220, a command 226 of obtaining data of a first traffic type from the first apparatus 210. Accordingly, the second apparatus 220 may receive (228) , from the third apparatus 230, the command 226 of obtaining data of a first traffic type from the first apparatus 210. In other words, the AIoTF may identify an A-IoT device with available DO-A data based on the received device ID. Upon receiving the device ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data, AIoTF may transmit a command message (e.g., read) to the reader to obtain the DO-A data of the specific A-IoT device with available DO-A data.
[0142] In some examples, the second D2R message may include the data of the first traffic type. The second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission in the second D2R message or a negative acknowledgement indication for the second D2R message. For example, the reader may transmit NACK message to the A-IoT device with available DO-A data if not receiving the second D2R message after the subsequent D2R messages after Msg1.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a first D2R message over a resource among the resources indicated in the paging message 214. The first D2R message may include a random ID. The first D2R message is indicative of the first traffic type. For example, in the case that the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resource and DO-A resource in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may transmit a DO-A related indication to the reader via Msg1 so as to help the reader to identify that it’s the A-IoT device with available DO-A data rather than paged A-IoT device / DT data / DO-DTT data.
[0144] In some implementations, the first D2R message may have a first D2R message format for the first traffic type. In other words, a new Msg1 format for DO-A traffic may be designed. In some examples, the first D2R message format for the first traffic type may include an indication of a message type, while a first D2R message format for the second traffic type may include no indication of a message type. In other words, only Msg1 for DO-A traffic type has a message type while the Msg1 for DT / DO-DTT traffic type does not have a message type. In some alternative examples, the first D2R message format for the first traffic type may include an indication of a first message type, while a first D2R message format for the second traffic type may include an indication of a second message type. In other words, the Msg1 for DO-A traffic type and the Msg1 for DT / DO-DTT traffic type may have different message types.
[0145] In some alternative implementations, the first D2R message may include an indication of the first traffic type. In other words, a DO-A indication field (e.g., 1 bit) may be added in the Msg1 for AIoT.
[0146] In some examples, based on the second D2R message indicative of the first traffic type received from the first apparatus 210 or the command 226 received from the third apparatus 230, the second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, a command for the data transmission of the first traffic type or scheduling information for data transmission of the first traffic type. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may include an AS ID of the first apparatus 210. The first apparatus 210 may transmit (remaining) data of the first traffic type to the second apparatus 220. In some examples, if the reader has identified the A-IoT device with available DO-A data in Msg1 / Msg3, the reader may transmit a command (e.g., read) message to obtain the DO-A data when it doesn’t receive D2R message successfully
[0147] In some examples, the second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission or a negative acknowledgement indication for the data transmission. In some examples, the reader may transmit an NACK message to the A-IoT device with available DO-A data if the reader does not receive D2R messages after Msg3, in the case that reader knows that the D2R message after Msg3 includes DO-A data via the indication in Msg3.
[0148] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine a contention resolution failure; and determine a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on the contention resolution failure. In other words, if the A-IoT device with available DO-A data detects a contention resolution failure, the A-IoT device considers that the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully.
[0149] In some alternative embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on receiving a negative acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration. In some alternative embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on absence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration. The time point may correspond to one of the following: reception of a further paging message; reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; or reception of a R2D message with further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type; or reception of a R2D message triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type. For example, if the A-IoT device with available DO-A data receives an NACK message indicating its AS ID until receiving next paging message (i.e., any paging message) , or a next paging message with available DO-A resource with or without device ID information of specific A-IoT device with available DO-A data (s) , or other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resource, or if the A-IoT device with available DO-A data receives NACK message during a time window, the A-IoT device considers that the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully.
[0150] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may retransmit, to the second apparatus 220, data 234 of the first traffic type based on a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type or a R2D message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type. For example, if the A-IoT device considers that the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may try to re-transmit DO-A data when receiving a paging message with available resources for DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data or other R2D messages indicating / triggering the available DO-A resource. In some alternative embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a request for resource configuration for transmitting data 234 of the first traffic type.
[0151] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may release an access stratum (AS) ID of the first apparatus 210 based on reception of a further paging message. Alternatively, the first apparatus 210 may release an AS ID of the first apparatus 210 based on reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may release an AS ID of the first apparatus 210 based on reception of a negative acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus 210. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may release an AS ID of the first apparatus 210 based on reception of an acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus 210. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may release an AS ID of the first apparatus 210 based on reception of a R2D message with or triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type. In other words, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may release its AS ID in the at least one of the following cases: upon receiving any next paging message or a next paging message with available DO-A resource; upon receiving NACK message indicating its AS ID; upon receiving other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resource.
[0152] In some embodiments, the paging message 214 may be indicative of at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type and at least one second resource for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type. In other words, the reader may indicate the resource for DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data in the paging message.
[0153] In some implementations, the paging message 214 may include a first field associated with the first traffic type, and a second field associated with the second traffic type. The first field may be indicative of the at least one first resource, and the second field may be indicative of the at least one second resource. In other words, the reader may set different fields for DO-A scheduling information and DT / DO-DTT scheduling information in the paging message. Table 1 shows an example of paging message for CBRA with both DO-A scheduling information and DT / DO-DTT scheduling information. Table 2 shows an example of paging message for CFA with both DO-A scheduling information and DT / DO-DTT scheduling information. Table 1: Example of paging message for CBRA Table 2: Example of paging message for CFA
[0154] In some alternative implementations, the paging message 214 may include a field indicative of a plurality of resources for initiating data transmission. The plurality of resources may include the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource. In other words, the reader may indicate DO-A resources and / or DT / DO-DTT resources in the same D2R scheduling information field of the paging message.
[0155] In some implementations, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in time domain. The paging message 214 may include a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource. Alternatively, the paging message 214 may include a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and the frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource may be predefined or preconfigured. Alternatively, the paging message 214 may include a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a frequency domain position indication of the at least one second resource. FIG. 3A illustrates an example diagram of a resource configuration for access occasions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3A, the time resources for DO-A and the time resources for DT / DO-DTT are aligned, but the frequency resources for DO-A and the frequency resources for DT / DO-DTT are different. For example, the DO-A resources may be located at a specific frequency. The reader may only indicate frequency resources for DO-A usage. The A-IoT device with available DO-A data may determine DO-A resources based on the configured DO-A frequency resource and the configured DT / DO-DTT resources.
[0156] In some alternative embodiments, the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in frequency domain. The paging message 214 may include a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource. Alternatively, the paging message 214 may include a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and the time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource may be predefined or preconfigured. Alternatively, the paging message 214 may include a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a time domain position indication of the at least one second resource. FIG. 3B illustrates another example diagram of a resource configuration for access occasions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3B, the frequency resources for DO-A and the frequency resources for DT / DO-DTT are aligned, but the time resources for DO-A and the time resources for DT / DO-DTT are different. For example, the DO-A time resources may be set behind DT / DO-DTT time resources for a time offset. The reader may only indicate that the resource is DO-A allowed or indicate the time offset between DT / DO-DTT time resource and DO-A time resource. The A-IoT device with available DO-A data determines DO-A resource based on the configured DT / DO-DTT resource and the (pre-) configured time offset.
[0157] In some alternative embodiments, the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource may be configured independently in time domain and in frequency domain. In other words, there’s no correlation between DO-A resources and DT / DO-DTT resources. For example, both of the time and frequency resource for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are not aligned.
[0158] In some implementations, the second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210 and the one or more A-IoT devices, an access trigger message for triggering the first apparatus 210 and the one or more A-IoT devices. For example, if the A-IoT device with available DO-A data also needs Access Trigger Message, the R19 Access Trigger Message may be reused for A-IoT device with available DO-A data in the case that the time resource or frequency resource for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned.
[0159] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate example diagrams of access trigger messages for triggering A-IoT devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4A, if time resources for DO-A and time resources for DT / DO-DTT are aligned, one Access Trigger Message can trigger both A-IoT device with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT devices with same time resource. As shown in FIG. 4B, if frequency resources for DO-A and frequency resources for DT / DO-DTT are aligned, one Access Trigger Message can trigger the A-IoT device with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT devices with same frequency resource
[0160] In some alternative implementations, the second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, a first access trigger message associated with the first traffic type; and may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices, a second access trigger message associated with a second traffic type. The Access Trigger Messages for A-IoT device with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT device may be differentiated in various manners. In some examples, the first access trigger message may include an indication of the first traffic type. Alternatively or additionally, the first access trigger message may include a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource. Alternatively or additionally, the first access trigger message may include a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource. For example, the R19 Access Trigger Message may be extended for A-IoT device with available DO-A data, e.g., by adding 1 bit to indicate DO-A traffic type, or by adding the time offset / indication and / or the frequency offset / indication. The paged A-IoT devices shall ignore the Access Trigger Message with such indication. In some examples, the first access trigger message may include a message type. For example, a new Access Trigger Message may be designed for DO-A, e.g., with new message type.
[0161] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a first D2R message over a first resource among the at least one first resource. The first D2R message may include at least one of the following: a random ID; a device ID of the first apparatus 210; at least a portion of data of the first traffic type; a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type; or an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type.
[0162] In some implementations, the first D2R message comprises the data of the first traffic type. The second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, a subsequent R2D message associated with the first D2R message comprising an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission. For example, if A-IoT device with available DO-A data starts transmitting DO-A data via Msg1, the reader may respond ACK in Msg2 if it receives complete DO-A data successfully.
[0163] In some implementations, the second apparatus 220 may determine that the first apparatus 210 is to transmit data of the first traffic type. The second apparatus 220 may then transmit, to the first apparatus 210, scheduling information for data transmission of the first traffic type. The scheduling information may include an AS ID of the first apparatus 210. The first apparatus 210 may receive, from the second apparatus 220, a subsequent R2D message associated with the first D2R message. The subsequent R2D message may include the scheduling information for the subsequent data of the first traffic type. For example, if A-IoT device with available DO-A data starts transmitting DO-A data via Msg1, the reader may respond scheduling information in Msg2 if it receives part of DO-A data successfully and there’re subsequent DO-A data.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine a contention resolution failure or a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on at least one of the following: absence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration; or absence of scheduling information before a time point or within a time duration. The time point corresponds to one of the following: reception of one or multiple further access trigger message, reception of one or multiple further access trigger message associated with the first traffic type; reception of a further paging message; or reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type. The first apparatus 210 may retransmit, to the second apparatus 220, data of the first traffic type based on a further access trigger message or a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type. Alternatively, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a request for resource configuration for transmitting data 234 of the first traffic type. For example, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may consider contention resolution failure or consider that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if A-IoT device with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID until next one or multiple Access Trigger Message (for DO-A) . Alternatively, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may consider contention resolution failure or consider that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if A-IoT device with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID until any next paging message, or next paging message with available DO-A resources, or doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information during a time window.
[0165] Hereinbefore, some embodiments of A-IoT data transmission are described in general terms. Hereinafter, some specific implementations of A-IoT data transmission will be further detailed with reference to FIGS. 5-10. The processes in FIGS. 5-8 may be applied for the first case where the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources in the paging message. The processes in FIGS. 9-10 may be applied for the second case where the reader indicates DO-A resource separately in the paging message. It should be noted that although embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the CBRA procedure or the CFA procedure, some embodiments of the present disclosure may also apply to other A-IoT data transmission procedures.
[0166] FIG. 5 illustrates a first example process 500 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 5, it should be understood that the process 500 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 5 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 500 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The process 500 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 5, in step 501, the reader 220 obtains DO-A related assistance data from the AIoTF 230. The assistance data may include at least one of the following: whether to collect available DO-A data; (approximate) number of A-IoT devices with available DO-A data in the reader coverage / specific area; (approximate) DO-A data size; a data size level (e.g., high, medium, low, etc. ) ; DO-A data type; DO-A data generation frequency; the emergency level of DO-A service in the specific area; etc.
[0168] In step 502, the reader 220 determines the number of access occasions based on the DO-A related assistance data from the AIoTF 230. For example, the reader 220 may change the number of access occasions considering potential A-IoT devices with available DO-A data that may access.
[0169] In step 503, the reader 220 may transmit A-IoT paging message to A-IoT devices based on e.g., the triggering of the AIoTF 230. Upon receiving paging message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data checks whether the paging ID is mapped. If the paging ID is not mapped, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data checks whether the resources indicated in the paging message can be used by DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data. If the resources indicated in the paging message cannot be used by DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may discard the received paging message and monitor other R2D messages; otherwise, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may select a resource to transmit Msg1 (e.g., DO-A data or RN16) .
[0170] In some embodiments, the paging message may include an indication that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can use the resources indicated in the paging message to transmit DO-A data.
[0171] In a first example implementations, the reader 220 may add a 1-bit indication in the paging message. For example, a bit value of ‘1’ represents that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can use the resources indicated in the paging message; a bit value of ‘0’ represents that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data cannot use the resources indicated in the paging message. If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects a positive indication (e.g., ‘1’ ) in the paging message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may select a resource to transmit Msg1. If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects a negative indication (e.g., ‘0’ ) in the paging message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data shall ignore / discard the paging message.
[0172] In a second example implementations, the AIoTF 230 includes a ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field. If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects the ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may select a resource to transmit Msg1. If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data doesn’t detect ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data shall ignore / discard the paging message.
[0173] In some alternative embodiments, if there is no any additional indication in the paging message, all A-IoT devices (e.g., both A-IoT devices with available DO-A data and the paged A-IoT device (s) ) can use the resources indicated in the paging message; if the resources indicated in the paging message can be only used by the paged A-IoT device rather than the A-IoT device with available DO-A data, the reader / AIoTF would add an additional indication to indicate it.
[0174] In step 504, the reader 220 may transmit an Access Trigger Message to A-IoT devices. A-IoT devices can identify the start of each access occasion based on the Access Trigger Message.
[0175] In step 505, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data selects a Msg1 resource among the scheduling information in the paging message, and determines the resource based on the Access Trigger Message. In step 506, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit Msg1 (e.g., Random ID message) to the reader 220 using the determined resource.
[0176] In step 507, the reader 220 may transmit Msg2 (e.g., Random ID response message) to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. Msg2 may include the echoed random ID, assigned AS ID, the scheduling information for Msg3 (e.g., inventory response message / next upper layer D2R message)
[0177] In step 508, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit Msg3 by applying the scheduling information provided in Msg2. Msg3 may include a device ID and DO-A related indication. The DO-A related indication is used for the reader 220 to identify that it’s an A-IoT device with available DO-A data rather than paged A-IoT device (s) 540.
[0178] In a first example implementation, the DO-A related indication may be an explicit DO-A indication. The explicit DO-A indication is used for the reader 220 to know that this is an A-IoT device with available DO-A data and to schedule resources for subsequent DO-A data transmission.
[0179] In a second example implementation, the DO-A related indication may be a positive more data indication. The positive more data indication indicates that there’re subsequent data. Since R19 Msg3 will not include positive more data indication (i.e., the reader 220 may allocate sufficient resources for device ID transmission) , the reader 220 knows that this is an A-IoT device with available DO-A data when it detects positive more data indication.
[0180] In step 509, the reader 220 may transmit NACK message or scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 doesn’t receive Msg3 from the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data, it may transmit NACK message to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data, indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 receives Msg3 with DO-A related indication from A-IoT device with available DO-A data successfully, the reader 220 shall transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for DO-A data transmission.
[0181] In step 510, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data transmits DO-A data by applying the scheduling information provided by the reader 220 via the previous R2D message. The D2R message may include upper layer DO-A data (e.g., sensor data, the location of sensing area, the location information of the device, etc. ) and AS layer data (e.g., a more data indication) .
[0182] In step 511, the reader 220 may transmit NACK or scheduling information or command to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. For example, if the reader 220 doesn’t receive the D2R message successfully, it may transmit NACK message indicating the AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. Upon receiving the NACK message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will consider DO-A data is not transmitted successfully, and try to re-transmit DO-A data in next opportunity.
[0183] In another example, since the reader 220 has identified A-IoT device with available DO-A data in Msg3, it may transmit a command (e.g., read) message to the A-IoT device with available DO-A data to obtain its DO-A data. This is different from the R19 mechanism in that the reader does not transmit NACK for the D2R message after Msg3 in R19 A-IoT. In R19 A-IoT, if the reader doesn’t receive D2R message after Msg3, it will re-transmit the same command to trigger the A-IoT device to re-transmit a command response.
[0184] In another example, if the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s a positive more data indication indicating there’re subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for subsequent data transmission. In another example, if the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s a negative more data indication indicating there’re not subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit ACK message indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data or the reader 220 may not transmit anything.
[0185] In step 512, if the reader 220 provides scheduling information or command message in the previous R2D message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the scheduling information to transmit the subsequent DO-A data.
[0186] In step 513, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving next paging message (any paging) . In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving next paging message with available DO-A resources. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving NACK message indicating its AS ID; upon receiving other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving ACK message indicating its AS ID.
[0187] In step 514, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may try to re-access / re-transmit DO-A data when receiving a paging message with available DO-A resources or other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources, if it considers DO-A data is not transmitted successfully. Alternatively, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may request a dedicated resource configuration to the reader 220 for transmitting the DO-A data, if it considers DO-A data is not transmitted successfully.
[0188] In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects contention resolution failure. Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID until receiving next paging message (any paging) . Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID until receiving next paging message with available DO-A resources with or without device ID information of specific A-IoT device with available DO-A data (s) . Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources. Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID during a time window.
[0189] With the process 500, the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources in the paging message, and the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may transmit device ID and DO-A related indication via Msg3, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0190] FIG. 6 illustrates a second example process 600 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 600 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 6, it should be understood that the process 600 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 6 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 600 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the steps or components described in FIG. 6 having the same operations as the steps or components described in FIG. 5, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 600 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0191] Steps 501 to 507 in the process 600 may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5. In step 608, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit Msg3 applying the scheduling information provided in Msg2. Msg3 includes DO-A data and DO-A related indication.
[0192] In a first example implementation, if the scheduling information is sufficient to transmit complete DO-A data, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may include an explicit DO-A indication together with the DO-A data. The explicit DO-A indication is used for the reader 220 to know that the DO-A data rather than DT / DO-DTT data (e.g., A-IoT device ID) is included, so that the reader 220 can process the data suitably (e.g., transmit the data to the appropriate AIoTF 230) . In addition, AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data maybe also included in Msg3 for the reader 220 to identify the device.
[0193] In a second example implementation, if the scheduling information is not sufficient to transmit complete DO-A data, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may include a positive more data indication and possibly explicit DO-A indication in Msg3. The positive more data indication is used for the reader 220 to know there’re subsequent DO-A data. In addition, AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data maybe also included in Msg3 for the reader 220 to identify the device.
[0194] In step 609, the reader 220 may transmit NACK message or scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data
[0195] If the reader 220 doesn’t receive Msg3 successfully, it may transmit NACK message indicating the AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data.
[0196] Upon receiving the NACK message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will consider DO-A data is not transmitted successfully, and try to re-transmit DO-A data in next opportunity
[0197] If the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s more data indication indicating there’re subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for subsequent data transmission
[0198] Different from R19 mechanism, since the reader 220 may allocate sufficient resources for Msg3 (e.g., A-IoT device ID) transmission, R19 the reader 220 may not transmit scheduling information to the device in the R2D message following Msg3.
[0199] If the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s more data indication indicating there’re not subsequent data and / or there’s explicit DO-A indication, the reader 220 may transmit ACK message indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data or the reader 220 may not transmit anything.
[0200] In step 610, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit subsequent DO-A data if there’s scheduling information provided by the reader 220 in the previous R2D message.
[0201] In step 611, the reader 220 may transmit NACK or scheduling information or command to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data.
[0202] If the reader 220 doesn’t receive the D2R message successfully, it may transmit NACK message indicating the AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data.
[0203] Upon receiving the NACK message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will consider DO-A data is not transmitted successfully, and try to re-transmit DO-A data in next opportunity.
[0204] In another case, since the reader 220 has identified A-IoT device with available DO-A data in Msg3, it may transmit command (e.g., read) message to A-IoT device with available DO-A data to obtain its DO-A data.
[0205] Different from R19 mechanism that the reader 220 does not transmit NACK for the subsequent D2R message after Msg3. In R19 A-IoT, if the reader 220 doesn’t receive D2R message after Msg3, it will re-transmit the same command to trigger device to re-transmit command response.
[0206] If the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s more data indication indicating there’re subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for subsequent data transmission.
[0207] If the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’re not subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit ACK message indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data or the reader 220 may not transmit anything.
[0208] In step 612, if the reader 220 provides scheduling information or command message in the previous R2D message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the scheduling information to transmit the subsequent data.
[0209] The AS ID release mechanism and re-access / re-transmission mechanism may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0210] With the process 600, the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may transmit DO-A data and DO-A related indication via Msg3, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0211] FIG. 7 illustrates a third example process 700 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 700 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 7, it should be understood that the process 700 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 7 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 700 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the steps or components described in FIG. 7 having the same operations as the steps or components described in FIGS. 5 and 6, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 700 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0212] Steps 501 to 505 in the process 700 may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5. In step 706, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the determined resource to transmit Msg1 (e.g., Random ID message) . Msg1 includes generated random number (e.g., RN16) and explicit / implicit DO-A indication and / or the size of DO-A data. The explicit / implicit DO-A indication may have following options:
[0213] In a first example implementation, a new Msg1 format for DO-A may be designed, e.g., with a message type. The reader 220 knows whether this is A-IoT device with available DO-A data based on the message type. For example, only DO-A Msg1 has a message type while R19 Msg1 does not hae a message type. In another example, R19 Msg1 and DO-A Msg1 have different message types.
[0214] In a second example implementation, an explicit DO-A indication (e.g., 1 bit) may be added in R19 Msg1.
[0215] In step 707, the reader 220 may transmit Msg2 (e.g., Random ID response message) to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. Msg2 may include the echoed random ID, assigned AS ID, the scheduling information for Msg3 (e.g., inventory response message / next upper layer D2R message)
[0216] In step 708, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data transmits DO-A data via Msg3 applying the scheduling information indicated in Msg2. The Msg3 may include upper layer DO-A data (e.g., sensor data, A-IoT device ID, location information of the device, sensing area, etc. ) and AS layer data (e.g., a more data indication) .
[0217] In step 709, the reader 220 may transmit NACK message or scheduling information or command to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. For example, if the reader 220 doesn’t receive the D2R message successfully, it may transmit NACK message indicating the AS ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. Upon receiving the NACK message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will consider DO-A data is not transmitted successfully, and try to re-transmit DO-A data in next opportunity.
[0218] In another example, since the reader 220 has identified A-IoT device with available DO-A data in Msg1, it may transmit a command (e.g., read) message to the A-IoT device with available DO-A data to obtain its DO-A data.
[0219] In another example, if the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s a positive more data indication indicating there’re subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for subsequent data transmission. In another example, if the reader 220 receives the D2R message successfully and there’s a negative more data indication indicating there’re not subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit ACK message indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data or the reader 220 may not transmit anything.
[0220] In step 710, if the reader 220 provides scheduling information or command message in the previous R2D message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the scheduling information to transmit the subsequent data.
[0221] If there’re still subsequent data, the same steps as the steps 611 and 612 in the process 600 illustrated in FIG. 6 may be performed. The AS ID release mechanism and re-access / re-transmission mechanism may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0222] With the process 700, the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data may transmit DO-A related indication via Msg1, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0223] FIG. 8 illustrates a fourth example process 800 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 800 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 8, it should be understood that the process 800 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 8 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 800 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the steps or components described in FIG. 8 having the same operations as the steps or components described in FIG. 5, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 800 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0224] Steps 501 to 507 in the process 800 may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5. In the process 800, in some embodiments, the paging message may include an indication that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can use the resources indicated in the paging message to transmit DO-A data. If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects a positive indication (e.g., ‘1’ ) in the paging message or detects a ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may wait for a command (e.g., read) message triggered by the AIoTF 230, and then transmit DO-A data via command response. In some alternative embodiments, if there is no any additional indication in the paging message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may wait for a command (e.g., read) message triggered by the AIoTF 230, and then transmit DO-A data via command response.
[0225] In step 808, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the scheduling information indicated in Msg2 to transmit Msg3, which include its device ID. In step 809, the reader 220 may transmit the inventory response (e.g., A-IoT device ID) to the AIoTF 230. In step 810, the AIoTF 230 identifies the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data based on the device ID. For example, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data has registered to the AIoTF 230 before with its device ID. In step 811, the AIoTF 230 may transmit command message (e.g., read) to the reader 220 for obtaining the available DO-A data from the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data.
[0226] In step 812, the reader 220 may transmit a command message (e.g., read) to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for obtaining the available DO-A data. The AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data is included in the command message. In step 813, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit the requested DO-A data to the reader 220. In step 814, the reader 220 may transmit the received DO-A data to the AIoTF 230
[0227] The AS ID release mechanism and re-access / re-transmission mechanism may be implemented following the same steps in the process 500 illustrated in FIG. 5.
[0228] With the process 800, the reader doesn’t differentiate DT / DO-DTT resources and DO-A resources, the AIoTF identifies A-IoT device with available DO-A data and may transmit command to obtain the DO-A data, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0229] FIG. 9 illustrates a fifth example process 900 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 900 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 5, it should be understood that the process 900 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 9 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 900 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The process 900 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0230] As shown in FIG. 9, in step 901, the reader 220 obtains DO-A related assistance data from the AIoTF 230. The assistance data may include at least one of the following: whether to collect available DO-A data; (approximate) number of A-IoT devices with available DO-A data in the reader coverage / specific area; (approximate) DO-A data size; a data size level (e.g., high, medium, low, etc. ) ; DO-A data type; DO-A data generation frequency; the emergency level of DO-A service in the specific area; etc.
[0231] In step 902, the reader 220 determines the separate resources used for DO-A service (i.e., DO-A resource) based on the DO-A related assistance data from the AIoTF 230. For example, the reader 220 may determine the number and size of DO-A resources. The DO-A resource configuration may be implemented in various manners.
[0232] In a first example implementation, the time resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned, but the frequency resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are different. In other words, there’s DO-A specific frequency, which is different from DT / DO-DTT frequency. The reader 220 may only indicate frequency resources for DO-A usage. The A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data determines DO-A resources (e.g., DO-A access occasion) based on the configured DO-A frequency resources and the configured DT / DO-DTT resources.
[0233] In a second example implementation, the frequency resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned, but the time resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are different. For example, DO-A time resources may be set behind DT / DO-DTT time resources by a time offset. The reader 220 may only indicate the resources is DO-A allowed or indicate the time offset between DT / DO-DTT and DO-A time resources. The A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data determines DO-A resources based on the configured DT / DO-DTT resources and the configured time offset.
[0234] In a third example implementation, both of the time and frequency resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are not aligned. In other words, there’s no correlation between DO-A and DT / DO-DTT resources
[0235] In step 903, the reader 220 may transmit an A-IoT paging message to A-IoT devices based on e.g., the triggering of the AIoTF 230. Upon receiving paging message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data checks whether the paging ID is mapped. If the paging ID is not mapped, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data checks whether the resources indicated in the paging message can be used by DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data. If the resources indicated in the paging message cannot be used by DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may discard the received paging message and monitor other R2D messages; otherwise, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may select a resource to transmit Msg1 (e.g., DO-A data or RN16) .
[0236] The paging message may include an indication that A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can use the resources indicated in the paging message to transmit DO-A data. The reader 220 may indicate the resources for DO-A service / A-IoT device with available DO-A data in the paging message
[0237] In a first example implementation, the reader 220 may set different fields for DO-A scheduling information and DT / DO-DTT scheduling information in the paging message. In a more specific example, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will decode the DO-A scheduling information field and ignore the DT / DO-DTT scheduling information field, in the case that the reader 220 indicates the complete DO-A resources in the DO-A scheduling information field. In another specific example, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data will decode the DO-A scheduling information field and DT / DO-DTT scheduling information field, in the case that the reader 220 only indicates part of DO-A resources (e.g., DO-A frequency) or the relationship between DO-A resources or DT / DO-DTT resources (e.g., time offset) in the DO-A scheduling information field. The paged A-IoT devices (s) 540 will decode the DT / DO-DTT scheduling information field and ignore the DO-A scheduling information field.
[0238] In a second example implementation, the reader 220 indicates DO-A resources and / or DT / DO-DTT resources in the same D2R scheduling information field in the paging message. DO-A resources and DT / DO-DTT resources are in the same field of D2R scheduling information in the paging message.
[0239] In some embodiments, the network may also indicate whether there’s available DO-A resources in the paging message. In a first example implementation, the reader 220 may add a 1-bit indication in the paging message. In a second example implementation, the AIoTF 230 may include a ‘DO-A’ indication in the paging ID field. This indication is optional since the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data knows that it can use the resources by decoding the scheduling information (e.g., separate DO-A resources in scheduling information field) in the paging message.
[0240] If the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects the positive indication (e.g., ‘1’ or ‘DO-A’ ) , it decodes the scheduling information; otherwise, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data shall ignore / discard the paging message.
[0241] In step 904, the reader 220 may transmit Access Trigger Message to devices. Devices can identify the start of each access occasion based on the Access Trigger Message. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data also needs Access Trigger Message.
[0242] In a first example implementation, the R19 Access Trigger Message may be re-used in the case that the time resources or frequency resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned. If time resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned, one Access Trigger Message can trigger both A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT device (s) 540 with same time resources. If frequency resources for DO-A and DT / DO-DTT are aligned, one Access Trigger Message can trigger the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data and paged A-IoT device (s) 540 with same frequency resources.
[0243] In a second example implementation, the R19 Access Trigger Message may be extended. For example, a 1-bit indication may be added in the Access Trigger Message to indicate that it’s for DO-A. In another example, a time offset may be added in the Access Trigger Message to indicate the start of access occasion for A-IoT device with available DO-A data. In another example, a specific frequency indication may be added to indicate the frequency of access occasion for A-IoT device with available DO-A data. The paged A-IoT device (s) 540 shall ignore the Access Trigger Message with the indication.
[0244] In a third example implementations, a new Access Trigger Message may be designed for DO-A. For example, a new message type may be introduced for DO-A Access Trigger Message.
[0245] In step 905, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data selects a Msg1 resources among the scheduling information in the paging message, and determines the resources based on the Access Trigger Message if needed. In step 906, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit Msg1 (e.g., Random ID message) to the reader 220 using the determined resource. In step 907, the reader 220 may transmit Msg2 (e.g., Random ID response message) to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. Msg2 may include the echoed random ID, assigned AS ID, the scheduling information for Msg3 (e.g., inventory response message / next upper layer D2R message) .
[0246] In step 908, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit DO-A data via Msg3 by applying the scheduling information provided in Msg2. Msg3 may include upper layer DO-A data (e.g., sensor data, A-IoT device ID, sensing area, location information of the device, etc. ) and AS layer data (e.g., a more data indication) .
[0247] In step 909, the reader 220 may transmit NACK message or scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 doesn’t receive Msg3 from the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data, it may transmit NACK message to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data, indicating the AS ID of A-IoT device with available DO-A data.
[0248] If the reader 220 receives Msg3 with a positive more data indication (i.e., indicating there’re subsequent data) from A-IoT device with available DO-A data successfully, the reader 220 shall transmit scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data for subsequent DO-A data transmission. If the reader 220 receives Msg3 with a negative more data indication (i.e., indicating there’s no subsequent data) from A-IoT device with available DO-A data successfully, the reader 220 shall transmit ACK message or doesn’t transmit anything.
[0249] In step 910, if the reader 220 provides scheduling information in the previous R2D message, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data transmits subsequent data by applying the scheduling information provided by the reader 220.
[0250] In step 911, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving next paging message (any paging) . In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving next paging message with available DO-A resources. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving NACK message indicating its AS ID. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may release its AS ID upon receiving ACK message indicating its AS ID.
[0251] In step 912, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may try to re-access / re-transmit DO-A data when receiving paging message with available DO-A resources or other R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources, if it considers DO-A data is not transmitted successfully. Alternatively, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may request a dedicated resource configuration to the reader 220 for transmitting the DO-A data, if it considers DO-A data is not transmitted successfully.
[0252] In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data detects contention resolution failure. Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID until receiving next paging message (any paging) . Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives R2D messages indicating / triggering available DO-A resources. Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID until receiving next paging message with available DO-A resources with or without device ID information of specific A-IoT device with available DO-A data (s) . Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may consider the DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data receives NACK message indicating its AS ID during a time window.
[0253] With the process 900, the reader indicates DO-A resources in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data starts transmitting DO-A data via Msg3, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0254] FIG. 10 illustrates a sixth example process 1000 of A-IoT data transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 1000 may involve a first apparatus 210 implemented as an A-IoT device with available DO-A data, a second apparatus 220 implemented as a reader, a third apparatus 230 implemented as an AIoTF and paged A-IoT device (s) 540. Although only one A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data is shown in FIG. 10, it should be understood that the process 1000 may involve multiple A-IoT devices with available DO-A data. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 10 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 1000 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the steps or components described in FIG. 10 having the same operations as the steps or components described in FIG. 9, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 1000 may be regarded as a specific example of the process 200 shown in FIG. 2.
[0255] Steps 901 to 905 in the process 1000 may be implemented following the same steps in the process 900 illustrated in FIG. 9. In step 1006, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data applies the determined resource to transmit DO-A data via Msg1. Msg1 may include upper layer DO-A data (e.g., sensor data, A-IoT device ID, sensing area, location information of the device, etc. ) and AS layer data (e.g., random ID, more data indication, size of available DO-A data (optional) )
[0256] In step 1007, the reader 220 responds ACK message or scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 receives complete DO-A data successfully (e.g., a negative more data indication indicates there’s no subsequent data) , the reader 220 responds ACK message indicating the random ID of the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 receives part of DO-A data successfully (e.g., a positive more data indication indicates there’re subsequent data) , the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information via Msg2. The scheduling information may include the resources for subsequent data, and / or the received data size.
[0257] In some examples, when monitoring Msg2, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data considers a contention resolution failure or considers that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID until next paging message (any paging) . In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data considers a contention resolution failure or considers that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID until next paging with available DO-A resources. In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data considers a contention resolution failure or considers that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID until next one or multiple Access Trigger Message (for DO-A ) . In some examples, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data considers a contention resolution failure or considers that DO-A data is not transmitted successfully if the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data doesn’t receive ACK message or scheduling information indicating its random ID during a time window.
[0258] In step 1008, the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data may transmit subsequent data if receiving scheduling information via the previous R2D message.
[0259] In step 1009, the reader 220 may transmit ACK / NACK / command / scheduling information to the A-IoT device 210 with available DO-A data. If the reader 220 receives complete DO-A data, the reader 220 may transmit ACK message or doesn’t transmit anything. If the reader 220 doesn’t receive the previous D2R message, the reader 220 may transmit NACK message, or may transmit command message (e.g., read) to obtain DO-A data. If there’re still subsequent data, the reader 220 may transmit scheduling information for subsequent data transmission
[0260] The AS ID release mechanism and re-access / re-transmission mechanism may be implemented following the same steps in the process 900 illustrated in FIG. 9.
[0261] With the process 1000, the reader indicates DO-A resources in the paging message, the A-IoT device with available DO-A data starts transmitting DO-A data via Msg1, thus enabling DO-A data transmission via A-IoT paging for DT / DO-DTT.
[0262] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, even if the paging ID in the paging message is not matched with A-IoT devices with available DO-A data, A-IoT devices with available DO-A data can initiate DO-A data transmission based on the resources in the paging message. In this way, the A-IoT paging is enhanced to support DO-A data transmission.
[0263] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a device 1100 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1100 may be an example of the first apparatus 210, the second apparatus 220 or the third apparatus 230 as described herein. The device 1100 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the A-IoT system. The device 1100 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1102, a memory 1104, a transceiver 1106, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1108. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0264] The processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0265] In some implementations, the processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1102 and the memory 1104 coupled with the processor 1102 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1102, instructions stored in the memory 1104) .
[0266] For example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; a means for determining that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and a means for initiating the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus.
[0267] In another example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices, wherein at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and a means for receiving, from the first apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0268] In another example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second apparatus, assistance information associated with a first traffic type or a command of obtaining data of a first traffic type from a first apparatus; and a means for receiving, from the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0269] The processor 1102 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1102 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1102. The processor 1102 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1104) to cause the device 1100 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0270] The memory 1104 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1102 cause the device 1100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1102 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1104 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0271] The I / O controller 1108 may manage input and output signals for the device 1100. The I / O controller 1108 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1102. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1100 via the I / O controller 1108 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1108.
[0272] In some implementations, the device 1100 may include a single antenna 1110. However, in some other implementations, the device 1100 may have more than one antenna 1110 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1106 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1110, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1106 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1106 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1110 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1110. The transceiver 1106 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0273] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1110 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0274] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1110 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0275] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor 1200 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1200 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may include a controller 1202 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may optionally include at least one memory 1204, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1200 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1206. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0276] The processor 1200 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0277] The controller 1202 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1202 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1200, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1200. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0278] The controller 1202 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1204 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1202 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1204. The controller 1202 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1202 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1202 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1200. The controller 1202 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1200.
[0279] The memory 1204 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1200 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1204 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1200) .
[0280] The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1200, cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1202 and / or the processor 1200 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1200 and / or the controller 1202 may be coupled with or to the memory 1204, and the processor 1200, the controller 1202, and the memory 1204 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1200 may include multiple processors and the memory 1204 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0281] The one or more ALUs 1206 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . One or more ALUs 1206 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1206 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1206 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1206 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1206 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0282] For example, the processor 1200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; a means for determining that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and a means for initiating the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus.
[0283] In another example, the processor 1200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices, wherein at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; and a means for receiving, from the first apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0284] In another example, the processor 1200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second apparatus, assistance information associated with a first traffic type or a command of obtaining data of a first traffic type from a first apparatus; and a means for receiving, from the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type.
[0285] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a first apparatus 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0286] At 1305, the method may include receiving, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a first apparatus 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0287] At 1310, the method may include determining that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a first apparatus 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0288] At 1315, the method may include initiating the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a first apparatus 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0289] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1400 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a second apparatus 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0290] At 1405, the method may include transmitting, to a first apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices, wherein at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a second apparatus 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0291] At 1410, the method may include receiving, from the first apparatus, data of the first traffic type. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a second apparatus 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0292] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 that supports A-IoT data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a third apparatus 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0293] At 1505, the method may include transmitting, to a second apparatus, assistance information associated with a first traffic type or a command of obtaining data of a first traffic type from a first apparatus. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a third apparatus 230 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0294] At 1510, the method may include receiving, from the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a third apparatus 230 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0295] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0296] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0297] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0298] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0299] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0300] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first apparatus to:receive, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices;determine that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; andinitiate the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the paging message comprises at least one of the following:a positive indication that at least a part of the indicated resources are available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type;an indication of the first traffic type, wherein the indication of the first traffic type is comprised in a paging identity (ID) field in the paging message; ornull of an indication that the indicated resources are only available for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type.3.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:transmit, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources, wherein the first device-to-reader message comprises a random ID;receive, from the second apparatus, a subsequent reader-to-device message associated with the first device-to-reader message, wherein the subsequent reader-to-device message comprises the random ID; andtransmit, to the second apparatus, a second device-to-reader message based on the subsequent reader-to-device message, wherein the second device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type,wherein the second device-to-reader message comprises at least one of the following:a device ID of the first apparatus;an indication of the first traffic type;at least a portion of data of the first traffic type;an indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type; ora size of subsequent data of the first traffic type.4.The first apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:receive, from the second apparatus, one of the following:an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission;a negative acknowledgement indication for the second device-to-reader message or for the subsequent data;a command for the data transmission of the first traffic type; orscheduling information for data transmission of the first traffic type.5.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:transmit, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a resource among the indicated resources, wherein the first device-to-reader message comprises a random ID,wherein the first device-to-reader message is indicative of the first traffic type,wherein one of the following:the first device-to-reader message has a first device-to-reader message format for the first traffic type; orthe first device-to-reader message comprises an indication of the first traffic type.6.The first apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:determine a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on at least one of the following:receiving a negative acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration; orabsence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration,wherein the time point corresponds one of the following:reception of a further paging message;reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; orreception of a reader-to-device message with or triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type.7.The first apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to one of the following:retransmit, to the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type based on a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type or a reader-to-device message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type; ortransmit, to the second apparatus, a request for resource configuration for transmitting data of the first traffic type.8.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:release an access stratum (AS) ID of the first apparatus based on at least one of the following:reception of a further paging message;reception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type;reception of a negative acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus;reception of an acknowledgement indication with the AS ID of the first apparatus; orreception of a reader-to-device message with or triggering further resources available for data transmission for the first traffic type.9.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the paging message is indicative of at least one first resource for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type and at least one second resource for initiating data transmission for a second traffic type, wherein the paging message comprises:a first field associated with the first traffic type, the first field being indicative of the at least one first resource, anda second field associated with the second traffic type, the second field being indicative of the at least one second resource.10.The first apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in time domain, andwherein the paging message comprises one of the following:a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; ora frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a frequency domain position indication of the at least one second resource.11.The first apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one first resource are aligned with the at least one second resource in frequency domain, andwherein the paging message comprises one of the following:a time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or the at least one second resource, and a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; ora time domain position indication of the at least one first resource and a time domain position indication of the at least one second resource.12.The first apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource are configured independently in time domain and in frequency domain.13.The first apparatus of any of claims 10-12, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:receive, from the second apparatus, a first access trigger message associated with the first traffic type,wherein the first access trigger message has a message type associated with the first traffic type; orwherein the first access trigger message comprises at least one of the following:an indication of the first traffic type;a frequency domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a frequency domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource; ora time domain position indication of the at least one first resource or a time domain offset between the at least one first resource and the at least one second resource.14.The first apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to:transmit, to the second apparatus, a first device-to-reader message over a first resource among the at least one first resource,wherein the first device-to-reader message comprises at least one of the following:a random ID;a device ID of the first apparatus;at least a portion of data of the first traffic type;a size of subsequent data of the first traffic type; oran indication of existence of subsequent data of the first traffic type.15.The first apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first apparatus to one of the following:receive, from the second apparatus, a subsequent reader-to-device message associated with the first device-to-reader message, wherein the subsequent reader-to-device message comprises one of the following:an acknowledgement indication for the data transmission; orscheduling information for the subsequent data of the first traffic type; ordetermine a contention resolution failure or a failure of the data transmission for the first traffic type based on at least one of the following:absence of an acknowledgement indication before a time point or within a time duration; orabsence of scheduling information before a time point or within a time duration,wherein the time point corresponds one of the following:reception of one or multiple further access trigger message;reception of one or multiple further access trigger message associated with the first traffic type;reception of a further paging message; orreception of a further paging message with further resources available for initiating data transmission for the first traffic type.16.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first traffic type is a device originated-autonomous (DO-A) traffic type,wherein the first apparatus is an AIoT device supporting the first traffic type;wherein the one or more AIoT devices are AIoT devices supporting a second traffic type,wherein the second traffic type comprises at least one of a device originated by device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) traffic type or a device terminated (DT) traffic type,wherein the second apparatus is an AIoT reader.17.A second apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second apparatus to:transmit, to a first apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices, wherein at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; andreceive, from the first apparatus, data of the first traffic type.18.A third apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third apparatus to:transmit, to a second apparatus, assistance information associated with a first traffic type or a command of obtaining data of a first traffic type from a first apparatus; andreceive, from the second apparatus, data of the first traffic type.19.The third apparatus of claim 18, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of the following:an indication of whether to perform data collection for the first traffic type;a number level of apparatuses with data of the first traffic type;a size level of data of the first traffic type;a data type of the first traffic type;a generation frequency of data of the first traffic type; oran emergency level of a service associated with the first traffic type.20.A method performed by a first apparatus, the method comprising:receiving, from a second apparatus, a paging message for paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices;determining that at least a part of resources indicated in the paging message are available for initiating data transmission for a first traffic type; andinitiating the data transmission for the first traffic type to the second apparatus.