Automotive glass-integrated antenna for satellite radio applications - single feed

Abstract

Structures and systems for a single-port SDARS-GNSS antenna integrated within surfaces of vehicles are provided. In an example, an antenna (502) for a vehicle comprises: a substantially planar radiator (410) for radiating electromagnetic waves; a single feed antenna port (508) coupled to the radiator and configured to receive: left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band; and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

Description

P002756W001AUTOMOTIVE GLASS -INTEGRATED ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE RADIO APPLICATIONS - SINGLE FEEDTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosed subject matter relates to vehicles (e.g., transportation vehicles), and more particularly, to single-port antennas capable of simultaneously receiving left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band integrated within surfaces of vehicles.BACKGROUND

[0002] Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) is an increasingly valuable feature in the global automotive market, and enables vehicles to receive continuous, high-quality broadcast radio transmissions. This can be particularly valuable in rural and remote regions where terrestrial radio is often unreliable or unavailable. Many automakers now view SDARS as an essential offering for the U.S. market, with demand especially high in areas where extended driving distances and limited radio coverage make satellite radio a commonly utilized service. Meeting the expectations of global consumers requires providing reliable, high-performance SDARS systems to ensure quality and consistency.

[0003] To receive SDARS transmissions, existing technology requires a specialized antenna to be included in each equipped vehicle. Traditionally, these antennas are embedded in prominent external modules, commonly referred to as “shark-fin” antennas, which are usually located on the vehicle’s roof. They have also been integrated into electronic control units (ECUs) or installed as standalone modules within the vehicle’s structure. Due to the complex performance requirements, SDARS antennas often have relatively large profiles and must be carefully positioned to ensure they meet functional standards. In some cases, achieving optimal reception requires a metal surface to act as a ground plane, adding another layer of design complexity.

[0004] Today’s automotive designs demand antennas that balance high performance with visual appeal and aerodynamic efficiency. There is a desire for SDARS antennas to remain inconspicuous, minimizing their impact on the vehicle’s aesthetic profile, as automotive designs have evolved to favor sleek, integrated components over external protrusions.P002756W001

[0005] The above-described background is merely intended to provide a contextual overview of some current issues and is not intended to be exhaustive. Other contextual information may become further apparent upon review of the following detailed description.SUMMARY

[0006] The following presents a summary to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention. This summary is not intended to identify key or critical elements or delineate any scope of the particular embodiments or any scope of the claims. Its sole purpose is to present concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. In one or more embodiments described herein, systems, devices, structures, and / or apparatuses can facilitate integrating combined SDARS-GNSS antennas within vehicle surfaces.

[0007] Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antennas and Satellite Digital Audio Radio System antennas are designed to support different communication needs regarding satellite signals.

[0008] GNSS antennas receive signals from orbiting satellites to provide accurate positioning and timing information. GNSS satellites continuously transmit radio signals that carry information about their location and time. GNSS antennas can capture these signals. The radiator in a GNSS antenna can convert the electromagnetic signals received from satellites into electrical signals capable of being processed by GNSS receivers. GNSS antennas can be optimized to receive specific frequency bands, thereby enhancing the accuracy of position data through techniques like multi-frequency signal processing. GNSS antenna design can minimize interference from other signals and maximize sensitivity to weak signals from distant satellites.

[0009] GNSS antennas can be designed into the structural elements of vehicles, smartphones, or other devices. For example, they can be placed within the roof of a vehicle or within the housing of a handheld device. GNSS antennas can be multi-layered in design, thereby allowing them to be placed between layers of materials, such as in the laminate of a circuit board or within the casing of electronic devices. GNSS antennas can be integrated directly onto printed circuit boards (PCBs) using techniques such as surface mount technology (SMT), which in turn can reduce size and enhance the integration of the antenna with other electronic components.

[0010] SDARS antennas can be designed to receive satellite radio signals for digital audio broadcasting, thereby providing high-quality audio content directly to receivers, even in areas withP002756W001 limited terrestrial coverage. SDARS satellites can transmit digital audio streams, and can be tuned to specific frequency bands used by satellite radio services. The antenna’s radiator, commonly comprising a helix or a patch design, can capture radio signals and converts them into audio signals, which can in turn be amplified and played through a speaker.

[0011] Because of differences in frequency, polarization, and radiation pattern requirements, designing a single antenna structure that can simultaneously receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band presents a challenge. More specifically, designing a single antenna structure that can effectively receive both SDARS and GNSS signals has proven extremely challenging.

[0012] As alluded to above, improved techniques for single integrated antenna structures with a single feed for simultaneous reception of left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first, higher frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second, lower frequency band for automotive use are desirable, and various embodiments are described herein to this end and / or other ends.

[0013] According to a first aspect, it is provided an antenna for a vehicle, comprising: a substantially planar radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves; a single feed antenna port coupled to the radiator and configured to receive: left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band; and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

[0014] A system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components; and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in memory. The computer executable components can comprise an antenna component that is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle. The antenna component can further comprise a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, and an antenna port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band.

[0015] According to another embodiment, an antenna for a vehicle can comprise a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, wherein the radiator is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of a vehicle. The antenna can further comprise an antennaP002756W001 port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band.

[0016] According to yet another embodiment, a vehicle can comprise an antenna that receives left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band, wherein a radiator of the antenna is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of the surface of the vehicle and comprises a shared port for feeding a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] FIGS. 1-2 illustrate block diagrams of exemplary combined SDARS-GNSS antenna systems that can be integrated within surfaces of vehicles in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a vehicle with an antenna system, comprising an antenna, amplifier and receiver, that receives GNSS signals and SDARS signals in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates an example structure of a surface-integrated antenna and cross sections of material layers of the surface in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of an example structure of a single port antenna in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0021] FIG. 6 is an example of a non-limiting computing environment in which one or more embodiments described herein can be implemented.

[0022] FIG. 7 is an example of a non-limiting networking environment in which one or more embodiments described herein can be implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following detailed description is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit embodiments and / or application or uses of embodiments. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied information presented in the preceding Background or Summary sections, or in the Detailed Description section.P002756W001

[0024] As alluded to above, improved techniques for single integrated antenna structures with a single feed for simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use are desirable, and various embodiments are described herein to this end and / or other ends. In accordance with one or more embodiments, the disclosed solution provides a system for vehicles that facilitates simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard vehicles. In various embodiments, the onboard computer system of the vehicle can comprise a memory that stores computer-executable components, and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory. These computer-executable components can include an antenna component that is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle. The antenna component can further comprise a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, and an antenna port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band. In an embodiment, the first frequency band can span at least from 2.320 GHz to 2.345 GHz, and the second frequency band can span at least one of L5 (1160-1190 MHz), L2 (1197-1249 MHz) and LI (1559-1606 MHz). That is, the first frequency band can span any sub-bands of L band.

[0025] The antenna port can feed a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.

[0026] The radiator can further comprise GNSS and SDARS antenna elements in a shared aperture. The radiator can comprise antenna elements configured to operate within a frequency range encompassing 1.1-2.35 GHz in a shared aperture. The radiator can further comprise an outer segment, a radio frequency port, and a feeding portion. The outer segment can comprise a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot. The feeding portion can extend inside the outer segment. The feeding portion can be a common feeding portion with GNSS and SDARS antenna elements collocated in a shared aperture.

[0027] The radiator can further comprise a reflector for reflecting GNSS and SDARS signals to the radiator. The reflector can minimize backwards radiation of the radiator. The reflector can be based on an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which can allow for a lower profile and make the reflector more suitable for planar integration. The artificial magnetic conductor can be a triband artificial magnetic conductor. The reflector can further comprise twoP002756W001 conductive layers. The reflector can be configured to be secured to a surface of a vehicle exterior to the radiator.

[0028] The radiator can further comprise an outer segment, the antenna port further comprising a feeding portion extending inside the outer segment. The radiator can serve as a core radiating component of the system (e.g., of an antenna, of the antenna component), and can be specifically engineered to support both SDARS and GNSS functionalities through a single signal port (a shared SDARS and GNSS port). The port can receive SDARS left hand circular polarized (LHCP) signals in the S-band range (2.320-2.345 GHz). The port can serve as an input for navigation signals, and can be optimized to handle right hand circular polarized (RHCP) frequencies in the L-band range (1160-1606 MHz), as used by GNSS systems. The port can be configured with minimal adjustments to existing antenna design, thereby leveraging previously established structures without impacting functionality. The addition of the shared SDARS and GNSS port to the antenna structure can be achieved by making minor updates to the inner metallic components of the antenna. These modifications can ensure that the SDARS signals and GNSS signals are effectively received. SDARS integration can be realized without changing the overall size of the antenna (e.g., keeping the antenna as compact and lightweight as a GNSS-only design). The shared structure can offer significant advantages, including space efficiency, cost efficiency, and weight conservation. The substantially planar design of the antenna allows it to be installed on various vehicle surfaces, including traditional metal roofs, glass roofs, windows, or other thin, layered materials. The substantially planar design of the antenna further allows it to be installed within various vehicle surfaces, including within a multi-layered glass roof of a vehicle. The shared-aperture radiator design can adapt to different substrates without sacrificing performance, thereby ensuring that the combined SDARS-GNSS antenna can be incorporated into a wide range of vehicle models and configurations. The combined antenna can coexist with other vehicle antenna systems, such as cellular and Wi-Fi antennas.

[0029] In some embodiments, the outer segment can comprise a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot. According to another embodiment, the outer segment can comprise an elliptical shaped slot. It should be appreciated that the outer segment can comprise any shape which allows for two orthogonal modes to be used for circular polarization. The shared feeding portion can extend inside a slit of a segment sides of the outer segment. The port can further comprise an L-shaped feed (e.g., a GNSS tuning stub) extending inside the slot. Similarly,P002756W001 the port can further comprise a C-shaped stub inside the slot. The L-shaped feed can operate in conjunction with the C-shaped stub to provide resonance at SDARS. The L-shape stub can allow circular polarization to be excited effectively for the GNSS band, exactly in line with the electric fields of the two polarizations excited with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The C-shaped stub can be coupled and fed by the L-shape to excite higher order modes for the SDARS band. The shapes of these modes (C-shaped stub and L-shaped stub) are important to achieve circular polarization at intended bands (GNSS and SDARS). In some embodiments, the antenna component can operate the tuning stub as a tuning stub for GNSS signals and SDARS signals. In various embodiments, the antenna component can operate a tuning stub configured to match the first frequency band, wherein it also operates as a tuning stub for signals in the second frequency band.

[0030] In some embodiments, the outer segment and stubs can be made of conductors. The conductors can be transparent conductors. The outer segment can provide fundamental modes. The width of the outer segment can be tuned to provide desired fundamental modes. Additional modes can contribute to the reception of left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band. In some embodiments, the outer segment and tuning stubs can support higher-order modes and additional resonance effects. These higher-order modes can contribute to the antenna’s ability to operate efficiently across multiple frequency bands, including those used for GNSS and SDARS signals. The interaction between the outer segment, stubs, and surrounding structures can enable multi-resonance behavior, ensuring optimal impedance matching and radiation characteristics across different frequencies. The antenna can effectively receive signals beyond fundamental mode operation, supporting improved performance in multi-band applications.

[0031] The antenna component can utilize existing GNSS antenna structures to incorporate SDARS functionality by introducing a shared signal feed, thereby minimizing the need for major structural changes, keeping the antenna’s (e.g., antenna component’s) overall size, weight, and cost effectively the same as a standalone GNSS antenna while ensuring robust performance for both GNSS and SDARS applications. The structure of the antenna (e.g., antenna component) can be based on a substantially planar radiator that can be positioned between two material layers of a vehicle surface, such as within the roof, windshield, or rear window. This planar design can allowP002756W001 the antenna to maintain a low profile, making it ideal for seamless integration without disrupting vehicle aesthetics or aerodynamics.

[0032] The antenna component can be configured as a square slot structure. The radio frequency port can further comprise a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna, operating mainly at fundamental modes of the entire square slot structure. The radio frequency port can be configured to receive GNSS signals and SDARS signals. The antenna component can further comprise a C-shaped strip that creates a current path for an upper band. The antenna component can be optically transparent in design.

[0033] According to some embodiments, the antenna component can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves to the radiator. The reflector can help focus and collect electromagnetic waves from satellites, enhancing the overall signal reception capabilities of an antenna. The reflector can redirect incoming signals from satellites toward a radiating element (e.g., an antenna, the antenna component), resulting in improved signal strength. By reflecting signals towards a radiating element, the reflector can increase the effective aperture of the system, resulting in higher gain. Higher gain can enable the system to receive signals more effectively, enhancing the performance of both SDARS and GNSS functionalities. The reflector can help create a narrow beamwidth, allowing the system to focus on signals from specific directions, which can be beneficial when targeting satellite signals, particularly in urban environments, where multi-path interference can occur.

[0034] In some embodiments, the reflector can improve system sensitivity to signals coming from satellites in specific orbital positions. The reflector can create a stronger and more focused radiation pattern, thereby optimizing both transmission and reception efficiency. The reflector can also help minimize undesirable side lobes e.g., (unwanted radiation patterns), which can interfere with the targeted signals. This can improve overall clarity and quality of a signal being received by the system (e.g., by the antenna component). The reflector can enhance signal gain within the system, thereby allowing the antenna component to operate more efficiently across the frequency bands. For example, by ensuring that most of the incoming signal is directed towards an antenna (e.g., the antenna component) rather than lost in side reflections, the gain of the antenna can be improved by the reflector. In various embodiments, the reflector can function efficiently over a wide range of frequencies.P002756W001

[0035] The reflector can improve signal reception, enhance directionality, and refine radiation patterns while providing multi-band functionality. The reflector can be added to the radiator to minimize the radiator’s backwards radiation and thus the sensitivity of the antenna input impedance and radiation characteristics to the internal design of the vehicle. For example, the radiator of the antenna can be embedded in laminated roof glass of the vehicle, and the reflector can be placed in the back with a transparent substrate between. To achieve a high optical transparency, a conductive mesh can be used for the radiator’ s / reflector’s conductive layers.

[0036] The reflector can be made of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which can reflect signals in desired bands and can have lower profile compared to traditional Perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflectors. The artificial magnetic conductor can be a triband artificial magnetic conductor. The AMC Reflector can consist of two metal layers configured to be secured to a material surface exterior to the radiator, such as a glass surface. The reflector can function optimally both for GNSS bands and SDARS bands.

[0037] The single port can be formed by adding a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to the L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna. Additional modes can contribute to the reception of left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band. In some embodiments, the outer segment and tuning stubs can support higher-order modes and additional resonance effects. These higher-order modes can contribute to the antenna’s ability to operate efficiently across multiple frequency bands, including those used for GNSS and SDARS signals. The interaction between the outer segment, stubs, and surrounding structures can enable multi-resonance behavior, ensuring optimal impedance matching and radiation characteristics across different frequencies. The antenna can effectively receive signals beyond fundamental mode operation, supporting improved performance in multi-band applications. The rectangular ring can be a conductive loop or strip in the shape of a rectangle that forms part of the antenna structure. The rectangular ring can influence the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna, such as impedance, bandwidth, or radiation pattern. Slits at the CPW feed can be used to improve performance. Slits at the CPW line can be incorporated to enhance impedance matching and optimize performance across the operating frequency bands.P002756W001

[0038] To achieve dual -band operation, a C-shaped strip can be introduced on the opposite side of the antenna. The strip can extend a current path in an upper frequency band, allowing effective tuning of upper CP band performance. The dimensions and placement of the C-shaped strip can be used to control the frequency response and ensure efficient operation across both SDARS and GNSS bands.

[0039] The combination of the CPW-fed structure, L-shaped stub, rectangular ring, and C- shaped strip can enable compact design, wideband performance, and high efficiency, making it well-suited for modern vehicular and navigation applications.

[0040] In some embodiments, the system can further comprise an artificial intelligence component. The artificial intelligence component that can train an artificial intelligence system to optimize clarity of left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band. The artificial intelligence component can train an artificial intelligence system to optimize clarity of GNSS and SDARS signals. The artificial intelligence component can analyze received signals and apply adaptive filtering techniques to reduce noise and eliminate interference, thereby improving clarity of audio signals in SDARS and accuracy of positioning data in GNSS applications. The artificial intelligence component can facilitate real-time analysis of incoming signals to identify the best signal quality parameters, leading to improved reception under challenging conditions, such as urban canyons or dense foliage. The artificial intelligence component can employ Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The artificial intelligence component can analyze historical data on antenna performance under different environmental conditions and usage scenarios.

[0041] The artificial intelligence component can monitor performance of antennas, predict when maintenance is required, and schedule maintenance tasks. The artificial intelligence component can compile and analyze performance data over time, identify trends and suggest improvements in antenna design, placement, or technology. The artificial intelligence component can learn user preferences for audio content and adjust SDARS settings accordingly.

[0042] According to some embodiments, the system and / or any of its various components or structures can be designed into the structural elements of vehicles, smartphones, or other devices. For example, they can be placed within the roof of a vehicle or within the housing of a handheld device. In some embodiments, the system and / or any of its various components or structures can be placed between other layers of materials, such as in the laminate of a circuit boardP002756W001 or within the casing of electronic devices. For example, the antenna component can be integrated directly onto printed circuit boards using techniques such as surface mount technology. The antenna component or any of the various components or structures can be made with materials with low dielectric constant and low loss. The antenna component or any of the various components or structures can be made with flexible and lightweight materials, such as polyimide films or thermoset resins. The various system components can be made with metallic conductors, such as copper or gold or silver coatings, or with structural composites like carbon fiber. The radiator can be made of metallic conductors. In various embodiments, conducting material can function as a radiator.

[0043] According to an embodiment, the system and / or any of its various components or structures can be integrated into the roof panels of vehicles. The system and / or any of its various components or structures can be embedded within the chassis of devices, like inside speakers or entertainment systems.

[0044] In some embodiments, the radiator can emit and receive electromagnetic waves. The radiator can be made of high-conductivity materials, such as copper or gold coatings. The dimensions and shape of the radiator can be optimized to resonate at the specific frequencies used by both SDARS and GNSS (typically in the range of 1.575 GHz for GNSS and around 2.3 GHz for SDARS). In various embodiments, the radiator can be designed to support multi-band capabilities (e.g., operating effectively at multiple frequency bands), thereby allowing a single antenna to serve multiple purposes without sacrificing performance. In some embodiments, the system can comprise multiple radiators. In some embodiments, the radiator(s) can include a matching network that matches an antenna’s impedance to that of a connected device. The geometry of the radiator can be tuned to minimize unwanted radiation patterns and improve selectivity for the desired frequencies. The radiator can be integrated with effective shielding that reduces an impact of surrounding electronic devices and structures, thereby enhancing an antenna’s ability to receive weak satellite signals accurately.

[0045] According to an embodiment, an antenna for a vehicle can comprise: a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, wherein the radiator is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of a vehicle; and an antenna port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band.P002756W001

[0046] The radiator can further comprise an outer segment, a radio frequency port, and a feeding portion. The outer segment can comprise a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot. The feeding portion can extend inside the outer segment. The antenna can be configured as a square slot structure. The radio frequency port can further comprise a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna. The ring can improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna. The rectangular ring can be a conductive structure positioned within the square slot of the antenna, surrounding or partially enclosing the central radiating region. The ring can be electromagnetically coupled to a feeding structure (e.g., the CPW feed and L-shaped stub), and can serve to enhance circular polarization performance of the antenna. By introducing the ring, the current distribution within the slot can be modified, enabling better excitation and balance of the two orthogonal modes necessary for circular polarization. The geometry and placement of the rectangular ring can be tuned to improve axial ratio performance and bandwidth, helping ensure that the two modes maintain similar amplitudes and a 90-degree phase difference across the desired frequency band. This can allow the antenna to efficiently generate circularly polarized radiation, which can be beneficial for satellite communication systems like GNSS and SDARS. The squareness of the slot can enable the antenna to offer two balanced orthogonal modes at similar frequency that can be used to generate circular polarization radiation. Otherwise, the two orthogonal modes of a nonsquare rectangular slot will resonate at very different frequencies such that they cannot be used to form circular polarization antennas at any one frequency. Thus, the slot can be square in structure to provide the exact same resonant modes orthogonal to one another.

[0047] In some embodiments, the stub and rectangular ring can operate mainly at fundamental modes of the entire square slot structure. Additional modes can contribute to the reception of left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band. In some embodiments, the outer segment and tuning stubs can support higher-order modes and additional resonance effects. These higher- order modes can contribute to the antenna’s ability to operate efficiently across multiple frequency bands, including those used for GNSS and SDARS signals. The interaction between the outer segment, stubs, and surrounding structures can enable multi-resonance behavior, ensuring optimal impedance matching and radiation characteristics across different frequencies. The antenna canP002756W001 effectively receive signals beyond fundamental mode operation, supporting improved performance in multi-band applications.

[0048] In some embodiments, the antenna port can be further configured to feed a signal to at least one receiver, and can comprise an off-center CPW feed and an L-shaped stub. The antenna port can be placed on a side of the radiator (e.g., the left side), thereby achieving left hand circular polarization at the first frequency band. According to an embodiment, the first frequency band can span at least from 2.320 GHz to 2.345 GHz, and the second frequency band can span at least one of L5 (1160-1190 MHz), L2 (1197-1249 MHz) and LI (1559-1606 MHz).

[0049] In various embodiments, the antenna port can be further configured to feed a signal to at least one receiver, and can comprise a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L- shape stub and a rectangular ring in a substantially rectangular slot of the radiator. In some embodiments the stub and ring can operate mainly at fundamental modes of the entire slot structure. Additional modes can contribute to the reception of left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band. In some embodiments, the outer segment and tuning stubs can support higher-order modes and additional resonance effects. These higher-order modes can contribute to the antenna’s ability to operate efficiently across multiple frequency bands, including those used for GNSS and SDARS signals. The interaction between the outer segment, stubs, and surrounding structures can enable multi-resonance behavior, ensuring optimal impedance matching and radiation characteristics across different frequencies. The antenna can effectively receive signals beyond fundamental mode operation, supporting improved performance in multi-band applications.

[0050] In some embodiments, the radiator can further comprise an outer segment. The outer segment can comprise a substantially rectangular shape surrounding a substantially rectangularly shaped slot. The port can comprise a feeding portion extending inside a slit of a side of the outer segment.

[0051] The antenna can further comprise a C-shaped tuning stub configured to match the first frequency band, wherein the tuning stub adjusts phase alignment of signals in the second frequency band.

[0052] The antenna can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves to the radiator. The reflector can be provided at a distance from the radiator corresponding to at least the thickness of an interior material layer of the two material layers disposed between theP002756W001 radiator and the reflector. The distance between the radiator and reflector can be further decreased by an additional material layer placed between them. The reflector can be designed as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector, which can effectively reflect signals in the desired bands while offering a lower profile compared to traditional perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflectors. The artificial magnetic conductor can be a triband artificial magnetic conductor. The AMC reflector can consist of two metal layers and can be configured to be secured to a glass surface exterior to the radiator. The reflector of the proposed combined antenna can be specially codesigned to function optimally for both the GNSS bands (LI, L2, L5) and the SDARS band, which can be challenging due to the frequency ratios between the GNSS bands and the SDARS band being quite far apart. This co-design can enhance radiation efficiency while maintaining compactness, making it well-suited for integrated multi-band antenna applications.

[0053] In an embodiment, a vehicle can have a surface with an antenna embedded therein. The antenna can receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band. The antenna can further comprise a radiator for receiving electromagnetic waves. The radiator can be substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle. The radiator can further comprise a shared port for receiving left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band. The first frequency band can span at least from 2.320 GHz to 2.345 GHz, and the second frequency band can span at least one of L5 (1160-1190 MHz), L2 (1197-1249 MHz) and LI (1559-1606 MHz). The shared port can feed a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first antenna port can be further configured to feed a signal to at least one receiver, and can comprise a CPW feed and an L-shaped stub. In some embodiments, the CPW feed can be an off-center CPW feed. The antenna port can be placed on a side of the radiator (e.g., the left side), thereby achieving left hand circular polarization at the first frequency band.

[0055] In various embodiments, the antenna port can be further configured to feed a signal to at least one receiver, and can comprise a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L- shape stub and a rectangular ring in a substantially rectangular slot of the radiator. In some embodiments the L-shaped stub and rectangular sing can operate mainly at fundamental modes ofP002756W001 the entire slot structure. Additional modes can contribute to the reception of left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band. In some embodiments, the outer segment and tuning stubs can support higher- order modes and additional resonance effects. These higher-order modes can contribute to the antenna’s ability to operate efficiently across multiple frequency bands, including those used for GNSS and SDARS signals. The interaction between the outer segment, stubs, and surrounding structures can enable multi-resonance behavior, ensuring optimal impedance matching and radiation characteristics across different frequencies. The antenna can effectively receive signals beyond fundamental mode operation, supporting improved performance in multi-band applications.

[0056] In some embodiments, the radiator can further comprise an outer segment. The outer segment can comprise a substantially rectangular shape surrounding a substantially rectangularly shaped slot. The port can comprise a feeding portion extending inside a slit of a side of the outer segment.

[0057] The antenna can further comprise a tuning stub configured to match the first frequency band, wherein the tuning stub adjusts phase alignment of signals in the second frequency band.

[0058] The antenna can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves to the radiator. The reflector can be provided at a distance from the radiator corresponding to at least a thickness of an interior material layer of the two material layers, disposed between the radiator and the reflector. The distance between the radiator and reflector can be further decreased by an additional material layer in between the radiator and the reflector. The reflector can be an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector. The artificial magnetic conductor can be a triband artificial magnetic conductor.

[0059] One or more embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like referenced numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the one or more embodiments. It is evident, however, in various cases, that the one or more embodiments can be practiced without these specific details.

[0060] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “coupled” to another element, it can describe one or more different types of coupling including, but not limitedP002756W001 to, chemical coupling, communicative coupling, capacitive coupling, electrical coupling, electromagnetic coupling, inductive coupling, operative coupling, conductive coupling, acoustic coupling, ultrasound coupling, optical coupling, physical coupling, thermal coupling, and / or another type of coupling. As referenced herein, an “entity” can comprise a human, a client, a user, a computing device, a software application, an agent, a machine learning model, an artificial intelligence, and / or another entity. It should be appreciated that such an entity can facilitate implementation of the subject disclosure in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0061] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system 100 that can facilitate simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard vehicles. System 100 includes a vehicle 102 comprising a data transmission and reception system 104 integrated thereon or therein. The data transmission and reception system 104 includes one or more vehicle control device 122, one or more cameras 124, one or more sensors 126 and an onboard computer system 106. The onboard computer system 106 comprises at least one memory 114 that stores computer-executable components 128 and data 138 that facilitate simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard vehicle 102. These computer-executable components include (but are not limited to) antenna component 130.

[0062] The antenna component 130 can be formed by adding a coplanar waveguide feed connected to an L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot. The slits at the CPW line can be used to improve the matching performance. The C-shaped strip can be added to a separate side to create current path for an upper band to result in dual-band operation. The dimensions of the C- shaped strip can be used to tune the upper CP band performance.

[0063] The antenna component 130 can include a radiator 132. The antenna component 130 can include (but is not limited to) a reflector. The radiator 132 can comprise (but is not limited to) an antenna port 134. The onboard computer system 106 includes at least one processor or processing unit 110 that executes the computer-executable component 128 stored in memory 114 to carry out the operations / functions described with respect to the corresponding computerexecutable components. Examples of said memory 114, processing unit 110, and other computer system components that can be included in the onboard computer system 106 to facilitate the various features and functionalities of system 100 can be found with reference to FIG. 7 (e.g., system memory 710, processing unit 704, and the like).P002756W001

[0064] The onboard computer system 106 can further include an input / output (I / O) component 112, wherein the I / O component 112 can be a transceiver configured to enable transmission / receipt of information 118 between the onboard computer system 106 and various external systems or devices 120. For example, the external systems or devices 120 can correspond to any type of device or computing system configured to wirelessly communicate (e.g., using radio frequency signals) with the onboard computer system 106, such as but not limited to, a mobile device associated with one or more users of the vehicle 102 (e.g., a smartphone, a smartwatch, a tablet, eyewear, a wearable headset or another type of wearable device), an external computer, an external computer system, an external application server, another vehicle’s onboard computer system, and so on. The I / O component 112 can be communicatively coupled, via an antenna 116 or via antenna component 130, to the remotely located devices and systems (e.g., external systems / devices 120). Any suitable technology can be utilized to enable the various embodiments presented herein, regarding transmission and receiving of information 118 between the onboard computer system 106 and one or more external systems / devices 120. Suitable technologies include BLUETOOTH®, cellular technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G), internet technology, ethernet technology, ultra-wideband (UWB), DECAWAVE®, IEEE 802.15.4a standard-based technology, Wi-Fi technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC) radio technology, positioning data (GNSS), satellite radio, and the like.

[0065] The onboard computer system 106 can also include a human-machine interface 108 that provides for receiving user input in association with utilizing the various features and functionalities of the computer-executable component 130 and presenting information to users. For example, the human-machine interfaces 108 can include or correspond to any suitable output device such as a display, a speaker, etc. and any suitable input device, such as a touchscreen display, a microphone, a keypad, a keyboard, a camera, a gesture input device / system, a voice input device / system, and the like. Examples of suitable input and output devices of the humanmachine interface 108 devices are further provided with reference to FIG. 6. The data and transmission reception system 104 also include a system bus 144 that communicatively and operatively couples the onboard computer system 106, the one or more vehicle control device 122, the one or more cameras 124 and the one or more sensors 126 to one another using any suitable wired or wireless communication technology.P002756W001

[0066] Vehicle 102 can correspond to any suitable type of transportation vehicle comprising one or more windows and adapted for use in scenarios in which monitoring the external environment is important, such as varying weather conditions or navigation in complex environments. For instance, vehicle 102 can include or correspond to any suitable type of motor vehicle (e.g., a car, a truck, a van, a sport utility vehicle (SUV), etc.). In some implementations vehicle 102 can also include or correspond to an aircraft (e.g., an airplane, a helicopter, or the like), a watercraft, or another type of passenger transportation vehicle. In some embodiments, vehicle 102 can include or correspond to an autonomous vehicle that is capable of navigating and operating without (or some) human input.

[0067] FIG. 2 illustrates an example system 200 that can facilitate simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard vehicle 102. System 200 includes a vehicle 102 comprising a data transmission and reception system 104 integrated thereon or therein. The data transmission and reception system 104 includes one or more vehicle control device 122, one or more cameras 124, one or more sensors 126 and an onboard computer system 106. The onboard computer system 106 comprises at least one memory 114 that stores computer-executable components 128 and data 138 that facilitate simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard vehicle 102. System 200 includes computer-executable components (but are not limited to) antenna component 130 and artificial intelligence component 202.

[0068] The antenna component 130 can include (but is not limited to) a radiator 132. Antenna component 130 can receive GNSS signals and SDARS signals. In some embodiments, the antenna component 130 can comprise both SDARS antenna and GNSS antenna structures, including respective reflectors. An SDARS antenna (including its reflector) can be fully integrated into a GNSS antenna structure, with only minor updates made on the inner metallic details that allow for a second port to be added for the SDARS band and to ensure minimum disturbance between the GNSS port and the SDARS port. The antenna component 130 can utilize existing GNSS antenna structures to incorporate SDARS functionality by introducing a second signal feed, thereby minimizing the need for major structural changes, keeping the antenna’s (e.g., antenna component 130’s) overall size, weight, and cost effectively the same as a standalone GNSS antenna while ensuring robust performance for both GNSS and SDARS applications. The structure of the antenna (e.g., of the antenna component 130) can be based on a substantially planar radiator 132 that can be positioned between two material layers of a vehicle 102’s surface, such as withinP002756W001 the roof. This planar design can allow the antenna (e.g., antenna component 130) to maintain a low profile, making it ideal for seamless integration without disrupting vehiclel02’s aesthetics or aerodynamics.

[0069] According to some embodiments, the antenna component 130 can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves to the radiator 132. The reflector can help focus and collect electromagnetic waves from satellites, enhancing the overall signal reception capabilities of an antenna. The reflector can redirect incoming signals from satellites toward a radiating element (e.g., an antenna, the antenna component 130), resulting in improved signal strength and reducing reflections from inside the vehicle 102. By reflecting signals towards a radiating element, the reflector can increase the effective aperture of the system 106, resulting in higher gain. Higher gain can enable the system 106 to receive signals more effectively, enhancing the performance of both SDARS and GNSS functionalities. The reflector can help create a narrow beamwidth, allowing the system 106 to focus on signals from specific directions, which can be beneficial when targeting satellite signals, particularly in urban environments, where multi-path interference can occur.

[0070] Radiator 132 can radiate electromagnetic waves, and can be substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle 102. The radiator 132 can comprise (but is not limited to) antenna port 134. Radiator 132 can further comprise an outer segment. The antenna port 134 can further comprise a feeding portion. The feeding portion can extend inside the outer segment. The radiator 132 can serve as a core radiating component of the system 106 (e.g., of an antenna, of the antenna component 130), and can be specifically engineered to support both GNSS and SDARS functionalities through a single shared signal port (the antenna port 134). The antenna port 134 can serve as a primary input for navigation signals, and can be optimized to handle frequencies in the L-band range (1160-1606 MHz), as used by GNSS systems. An antenna port 134 can further receive SDARS signals in the S-band range (2.320-2.345 GHz). The antenna port 134 can be configured with minimal adjustments to the existing GNSS antenna design, thereby leveraging the previously established structure without impacting GNSS functionality. The addition of the antenna port 134 to the GNSS antenna structure can be achieved by making minor updates to the inner metallic components of the antenna 130. These modifications can ensure that the SDARS signals are effectively received. SDARS integration can be realized without changing the overall size of the antenna 130 (e.g., keeping it as compact and lightweightP002756W001 as a GNSS-only design). The shared structure can offer significant advantages, including space efficiency, cost efficiency, and weight conservation. The substantially planar design of the antenna 130 allows it to be installed on various vehicle surfaces, including traditional metal roofs, windows, or other thin, layered materials. The shared-aperture radiator 132 design can adapt to different substrates without sacrificing performance, thereby ensuring that the combined SDARS- GNSS antenna 130 can be incorporated into a wide range of vehicle models and configurations. The shared-aperture antenna 130 can provide both GNSS and SDARS signals. The combined antenna 130 can coexist with other vehicle antenna systems. In some embodiments, the radiator 132 can emit and receive electromagnetic waves. The radiator 132 can be made of high- conductivity materials, such as copper or gold coatings. The dimensions and shape of the radiator 132 can be optimized to resonate at the specific frequencies used by both SDARS and GNSS (typically in the range of 1.575 GHz for GNSS and around 2.3 GHz for SDARS). In various embodiments, the radiator 132 can be designed to support multi-band capabilities (e.g., operating effectively at multiple frequency bands), thereby allowing a single antenna 130 to serve dual purposes without sacrificing performance. In some embodiments, the system 104 can comprise multiple radiators. In some embodiments, the radiator(s) can include a matching network that matches an antenna’s impedance to that of a connected device. The geometry of the radiator 132 can be tuned to minimize unwanted radiation patterns and improve selectivity for the desired frequencies. The radiator 132 can be integrated with effective shielding that reduces an impact of surrounding electronic devices and structures, thereby enhancing an antenna 130’s ability to receive weak satellite signals accurately.

[0071] The artificial intelligence component 202 can train an artificial intelligence system to optimize clarity of GNSS and SDARS signals. The artificial intelligence component 202 can receive signals and apply adaptive filtering techniques to reduce noise and eliminate interference, thereby improving clarity of audio signals in SDARS and accuracy of positioning data in GNSS applications. The artificial intelligence component 202 can facilitate real-time analysis of incoming signals to identify best signal quality parameters, leading to improved reception under challenging conditions, such as urban canyons or dense foliage. The artificial intelligence component 202 can employ Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The artificial intelligence component 202 can analyze historical data on antenna 130 performance under different environmental conditions and usage scenarios.P002756W001

[0072] The artificial intelligence component 202 can monitor performance of antenna(s) 130, predict when maintenance is required, and schedule maintenance tasks. The artificial intelligence component 202 can compile and analyze performance data over time, identify trends and suggest improvements in antenna 130 design, placement, or technology. The artificial intelligence component 202 can learn user preferences for audio content and adjust SDARS settings accordingly.

[0073] In some embodiments, the radiator 132 further comprises an outer segment. The antenna port 134 can further comprise a feeding portion, wherein the feeding portion extends inside the outer segment. In some embodiments, the outer segment comprises a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot, wherein the feeding portion extends inside a slit of the outer segment. According to some embodiments, the port 134 can comprise a tuning stub extending inside the slot. In some embodiments, the antenna component 130 operates the tuning stub as a tuning stub for GNSS signals and SDARS signals. According to various embodiments, antenna component 130 can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves to the radiator 132.

[0074] The systems and / or devices are described herein with respect to interaction between one or more components. Such systems and / or components can include the components and / or sub-components specified therein, one or more of the specified components and / or subcomponents, and / or additional components. Sub-components can be implemented as components communicatively coupled to other components rather than included within parent components. One or more components and / or sub-components can be combined into a single component providing aggregate functionality. The components can interact with one or more other components not specifically described herein for the sake of brevity but known by those of skill in the art.

[0075] One or more systems, devices, computer program products, and / or computer- implemented methods provided herein relate to simultaneous GNSS and SDARS reception for automotive use onboard a vehicle. A system can include a processor that executes computer executable components stored in memory. The computer executable components can include an antenna component that receives GNSS signals and SDARS signals, wherein the antenna component further comprises a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, and is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle; and wherein theP002756W001 radiator comprises a shared port for feeding a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.

[0076] Systems described herein can be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electrically, operatively, optically, inductively, acoustically, etc.) to one or more local or remote (e.g., external) systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., electronic control systems (ECU), classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, etc.). For example, system 100 (or other systems, controllers, processors, etc.) can be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electrically, operatively, optically, etc.) to one or more local or remote (e.g., external) systems, sources, and / or devices using a data cable (e.g., High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), recommended standard (RS), Ethernet cable, etc.) and / or one or more wired networks described below.

[0077] In some embodiments, systems herein can be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electrically, operatively, optically, inductively, acoustically, etc.) to one or more local or remote (e.g., external) systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., electronic control units (ECU), classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, etc.) via a network. In these embodiments, such a network can comprise one or more wired and / or wireless networks, including, but not limited to, a cellular network, a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and / or a local area network (LAN). For example, system 100 can communicate with one or more local or remote (e.g., external) systems, sources, and / or devices, for instance, computing devices using such a network, which can comprise virtually any desired wired or wireless technology, including but not limited to: powerline ethernet, VHF, UHF, AM, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), BLUETOOTH®, fiber optic communications, global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), enhanced general packet radio service (enhanced GPRS), third generation partnership project (3 GPP) long term evolution (LTE), third generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2) ultra-mobile broadband (UMB), high speed packet access (HSPA), Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and / or legacy telecommunication technologies, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), ZIGBEE®, RF4CE protocol, WirelessHART protocol, L-band voice or data information, 6L0WPAN (IPv6 over Low power Wireless Area Networks), Z-Wave, an ANT, an ultra-wideband (UWB) standard protocol, and / or other proprietary and non-proprietary communication protocols. In this example, system 100 can thus include hardware (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a transceiver, a decoder, an antenna (e.g., a ultra-wideband (UWB)P002756W001 antenna, a BLUETOOTH® low energy (BLE) antenna, etc.), quantum hardware, a quantum processor, etc.), software (e.g., a set of threads, a set of processes, software in execution, quantum pulse schedule, quantum circuit, quantum gates, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software that facilitates communicating information between a system herein and remote (e.g., external) systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., computing and / or communication devices such as, for instance, a smart phone, a smart watch, wireless earbuds, etc.).

[0078] Systems herein can comprise one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by processor (e.g., a processing unit 110 which can comprise a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.), can facilitate performance of operations defined by such component(s) and / or instruction(s). Further, in numerous embodiments, any component associated with a system herein, as described herein with or without reference to the various figures of the subject disclosure, can comprise one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by a processor, can facilitate performance of operations defined by such component(s) and / or instruction(s). Consequently, according to numerous embodiments, system herein and / or any components associated therewith as disclosed herein, can employ a processor (e.g., processing unit 116) to execute such computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable component(s) and / or instruction(s) to facilitate performance of one or more operations described herein with reference to system herein and / or any such components associated therewith.

[0079] Systems herein can comprise any type of system, device, machine, apparatus, component, and / or instrument that comprises a processor and / or that can communicate with one or more local or remote electronic systems and / or one or more local or remote devices via a wired and / or wireless network. All such embodiments are envisioned. For example, a system (e.g., a system 100 or any other system or device described herein) can comprise a computing device, a general-purpose computer, field-programmable gate array, Al accelerator application-specific integrated circuit, a special-purpose computer, an onboard computing device, a communication device, an onboard communication device, a server device, a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum computer), a tablet computing device, a handheld device, a server class computing machine and / or database, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, wearable device, internet of things device, a cell phone, a smart phone, a consumer appliance and / orP002756W001 instrumentation, an industrial and / or commercial device, a digital assistant, a multimedia Internet enabled phone, a multimedia players, and / or another type of device.

[0080] FIG. 3 illustrates an example vehicle 300 comprising an antenna 306 that receives GNSS signals and SDARS signals in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. The antenna 306 can be a shared-aperture (i.e., shared structure) antenna. The antenna 306 can be mounted on a vehicle roof. The antenna 306 can be connected to a low noise amplifier 304, and to an SDARS / HP GNSS receiver 302. The antenna 306 can be substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle. The antenna 306 can further comprise a radiator. Antenna 306 can receive GNSS signals (e.g., via receiver 302) and SDARS signals (e.g., via receiver 302). In some embodiments, the antenna 306 can comprise both SDARS antenna and GNSS antenna structures (e.g., SDARS / HP GNSS receiver 302) including respective reflectors. An SDARS antenna (including its reflector) can be fully integrated into a GNSS antenna structure, with only minor updates made on the inner metallic details that allow for a shared port to be implemented for the SDARS band and to ensure minimum disturbance. The antenna 306 can utilize existing GNSS antenna structures to incorporate SDARS functionality by introducing a shared signal feed, thereby minimizing the need for major structural changes, keeping the antenna’s (e.g., antenna 306’s) overall size, weight, and cost effectively the same as a standalone GNSS antenna while ensuring robust performance for both GNSS and SDARS applications. The structure of the antenna 306 can be based on a substantially planar radiator that can be positioned between two material layers of a vehicle surface, such as within the roof. This planar design can allow the antenna 306 to maintain a low profile, making it ideal for seamless integration without disrupting vehicle 102’s aesthetics or aerodynamics.

[0081] According to some embodiments, the antenna 306 can further comprise a reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves from a radiator. The reflector can help focus and collect electromagnetic waves from satellites, enhancing the overall signal reception capabilities of an antenna. The reflector can redirect incoming signals from satellites toward a radiating element (e.g., the antenna 306), resulting in improved signal strength. By reflecting signals towards a radiating element, the reflector can increase the effective aperture, resulting in higher gain. Higher gain can enable the antenna 306 to receive signals more effectively, enhancing the performance of both SDARS and GNSS functionalities. The reflector can help create a narrowP002756W001 beamwidth, allowing the antenna 306 to focus on signals from specific directions, which can be beneficial when targeting satellite signals.

[0082] Next, FIG. 4 illustrates a cross sectional view of material layers 404 of a surface 402 of a vehicle in which a radiator of an antenna is integrated in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. The antenna can receive both GNSS signals and SDARS signals in accordance with one or more of the various embodiments described herein. The antenna can be a shared-aperture (i.e., shared structure) antenna. The antenna can be mounted on a vehicle surface. The antenna can be connected to a low noise amplifier, and to a receiver. The antenna can be substantially planar for integration between two material layers (e.g., layers 406 and 408) of a surface 402 of the vehicle.

[0083] The antenna can further comprise a radiator 410. The antenna can receive GNSS signals (e.g., via a GNSS receiver) and SDARS signals (e.g., via a SDARS receiver). In some embodiments, the antenna can comprise both SDARS antenna and GNSS antenna structures, including respective reflectors. An SDARS antenna (including its reflector) can be fully integrated into a GNSS antenna structure, with only minor updates made on the inner metallic details that allow for a shared port to be utilized for the SDARS band and to ensure minimum disturbance. The antenna can utilize existing GNSS antenna structures to incorporate SDARS functionality by introducing a shared signal feed, thereby minimizing the need for major structural changes, keeping the antenna’s overall size, weight, and cost effectively the same as a standalone GNSS antenna while ensuring robust performance for both GNSS and SDARS applications. The structure of the antenna can be based on a substantially planar radiator 410 that can be positioned between two material layers (406, 408) of a vehicle surface, such as within the roof of the vehicle. This planar design can allow the antenna to maintain a low profile, thereby making it ideal for seamless integration without disrupting vehicle aesthetics or aerodynamics. According to some embodiments, the antenna can further comprise a reflector 414 for reflecting electromagnetic waves from a radiator 410. The reflector 414 can help focus and collect electromagnetic waves from satellites, enhancing the overall signal reception capabilities of the antenna. The reflector can redirect incoming signals from satellites toward a radiating element (e.g., the radiator 410), resulting in improved signal strength. By reflecting signals towards the radiating element, the reflector 414 can increase effective aperture, resulting in higher gain. Higher gain can enable the antenna to receive signals more effectively, enhancing the performance of both SDARS and GNSSP002756W001 functionalities. The reflector 414 can help create a narrow beamwidth, allowing the antenna to focus on signals from specific directions, which can be beneficial when targeting satellite signals.

[0084] Material layers 406 and 408 can be comprised of the same materials, or of different materials respectively. Material layers 406 and 408 can serve multiple functions, such as protecting a radiator 410, facilitating signal transmission, and / or maintaining aesthetic and structural harmony with a vehicle. Material layers 406 and 408 can comprise substances including (but not limited to) glass, polycarbonate (PC), acrylic (PMMA), composite materials (e.g., fiberglass or carbon fiber), and / or metal (such as aluminum or steel). Material layers 406 and 408 can be comprised of transparent materials. In a non-limiting example use case, a first material layer 406 can be comprised of glass, thereby allowing the antenna to be concealed within a vehicle’s structure. In another non-limiting example use case, a second material layer 408 can be comprised of glass, which can be easily molded into complex shapes, allowing for greater flexibility in antenna design and placement.

[0085] In some embodiments, the radiator 410 can emit and receive electromagnetic waves. The radiator 410 can be made of high-conductivity materials, such as copper or gold coatings. The dimensions and shape of the radiator 410 can be optimized to resonate at the specific frequencies used by both SDARS and GNSS (typically in the range of 1.575 GHz for GNSS and around 2.3 GHz for SDARS). In various embodiments, the radiator 410 can be designed to support multi-band capabilities (e.g., operating effectively at multiple frequency bands), thereby allowing a single antenna 410 to serve dual purposes without sacrificing performance. In some embodiments, the radiator 410 can include a matching network that matches the antenna’s impedance to that of a connected device. The geometry of the radiator 410 can be tuned to minimize unwanted radiation patterns and improve selectivity for the desired frequencies. The radiator 410 can be integrated with effective shielding that reduces an impact of surrounding electronic devices and structures, thereby enhancing the antenna’s ability to receive weak satellite signals accurately.

[0086] Reflector 414 can reflect electromagnetic waves from radiator 410. The reflector 414 can help focus and collect electromagnetic waves from satellites, enhancing the overall signal reception capabilities of the antenna. The reflector 414 can redirect incoming signals from satellites toward a radiating element (radiator 410), resulting in improved signal strength. By reflecting signals towards the radiator 410, the reflector 414 can increase the effective aperture ofP002756W001 the antenna, resulting in higher gain. Higher gain can enable the antenna to receive signals more effectively, enhancing the performance of both SDARS and GNSS functionalities. The reflector 414 can help create a narrow beamwidth, allowing the antenna to focus on signals from specific directions, which can be beneficial when targeting satellite signals.

[0087] In some embodiments, the reflector 414 can improve antenna sensitivity to signals coming from satellites in specific orbital positions. The reflector 414 can create a stronger and more focused radiation pattern, thereby optimizing both transmission and reception efficiency. The reflector 414 can also help minimize undesirable side lobes e.g., (unwanted radiation patterns), which can interfere with the targeted signals. This can improve overall clarity and quality of a signal being received by the antenna. In various embodiments, the reflector 414 can function efficiently over a wide range of frequencies.

[0088] The reflector 414 can improve signal reception, enhance directionality, and refine radiation patterns. The reflector 414 can be added to radiator 410 to minimize the radiator’s backwards radiation and thus the sensitivity of the antenna’s input impedance and radiation characteristics to the internal design of a vehicle. In a non-limiting use example, the radiator 410 of the antenna can be embedded in laminated roof glass of the vehicle, and the reflector 414 can be placed in the back with a substrate 412 between. The substrate 412 can be a transparent substrate. To achieve a high optical transparency, a conductive mesh can be used for the radiator’s 410 and / or reflector’s 414 conductive layers.

[0089] The reflector 414 can be made of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which can reflect signals in desired bands and can have lower profile compared to traditional perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflectors. The artificial magnetic conductor can be a triband artificial magnetic conductor. The AMC reflector (e.g., reflector 414) can consist of two metal layers configured to be secured to a material surface exterior to the radiator 410, such as a glass surface. The reflector 414 can function optimally both for GNSS bands and SDARS bands. The reflector 414 can be made from a patterned conductor layer and a solid conductor layer.

[0090] Next, FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of an example structure of a single port antenna 502 in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. It is further noted that the term “radiator” may also be used to describe the structure 502, or when referring to the structure 502. That is, antenna 502 can also be referred to as radiator 502 without changing the understanding or meaning of 502.P002756W001

[0091] The structure can comprise an outer segment 504, slit 504, segment sides 506a, 506b, 506c, and 506d, antenna port 508, feeding portion 508a, tuning stub 508b, slot 510, C-shaped strip 512 and tuning structure 514. The L-shaped stub 508 comprises a first portion 508c and a second portion 508d extending perpendicularly from an end of the first portion 508c, thereby forming a L-shaped tuning stub 508b.

[0092] The C-shaped strip 512 comprises a first strip portion 513 having a first length 512a and two second L-shaped strip portions extending from opposing ends of the first portion 513. The two L-shaped strip portions have a first length 512c in a direction perpendicular to the first strip portion 513 and a second length 512b in a direction parallel to the first strip portion 513 as illustrated in Fig. 5, thereby forming a C-shaped strip. Moreover, the C-shaped strip 512 is coupled to the outer segment 504.

[0093] The lengths (512a and 512b) of the C-shaped strip can be tuned to offer a current path for the SDARS band. The CP bandwidth at SDARS band can be tuned by adjusting 512c. Full wave simulations show that 512c can be smaller than half of the square slot side (i.e., half the length of 522) to prevent affecting the AR at GNSS band.

[0094] The 512a, 512b, and 512c parameters can depend on laminated glass roof properties (e.g., permittivity). In an example use case of glass layers with permittivity of 7 and an intermediate layer with permittivity of 3 the parameters are: 512c = 0.08 X0, 512a = 0.3 X0, 512b= 0.08 X0 (where X0 is the free space wavelength at SDARS frequency band). If the C-shaped ring is mirrored with respect to its center the CP polarization at higher band can change to RHCP.

[0095] In some embodiments, the antenna 502 can emit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 502 can be made of high-conductivity materials, such as copper or gold coatings. The dimensions and shape of the antenna 502 can be optimized to resonate at the specific frequencies used by both SDARS and GNSS (typically in the range of 1.575 GHz for GNSS and around 2.3 GHz for SDARS). In various embodiments, the antenna 502 can be designed to support multi-band capabilities (e.g., operating effectively at multiple frequency bands), thereby allowing a single antenna to serve dual purposes without sacrificing performance. In some embodiments, the antenna 502 can include a matching network that matches an antenna’s impedance to that of a connected device. The geometry of the antenna 502 can be tuned to minimize unwanted radiation patterns and improve selectivity for the desired frequencies. The antenna 502 can be integratedP002756W001 with effective shielding that reduces an impact of surrounding electronic devices and structures, thereby enhancing an antenna’s ability to receive weak satellite signals accurately.

[0096] According to an embodiment, the antenna 502 can be substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of a vehicle. The antenna 502 can comprise port 508 for feeding a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.

[0097] The antenna 502 can comprise an outer segment 504. The antenna port 508 can further comprise a feeding portion 508. The feeding portion 508 can extend inside the outer segment 504.

[0098] The outer segment 504 can comprise a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot 510. The feeding portion 508 can extend inside slits (504) of a segment side (506a) of the outer segment 504. The port 508 can further comprise a tuning stub 508b extending inside the slot 510. The slot 510 can be rectangular in shape. The tuning stub 508b can comprise an L-shape. The antenna 502 can comprise a loop-shaped tuning structure 514.

[0099] The port 508 can be formed by adding a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L-shape stub 508b and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna. The slits at the CPW line can be used to improve performance. The antenna port 508 can be created by an off-center CPW feed and a smaller L-shape stub 508b placed orthogonal to the C-shaped strip 512. In particular, the first portion 508c of the L-shaped strip 508b is arranged orthogonally to the first strip portion 513 of the C-shaped strip 512 as illustrated in Fig. 5. The antenna can work at a half-wavelength monopole mode and higher order mode of the square slot antenna.

[0100] In order to provide additional context for various embodiments described herein, FIG. 6 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment 600 in which the various embodiments of the embodiment described herein can be implemented. While the embodiments have been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments can also be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or as a combination of hardware and software.

[0101] Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. , that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various methods can be practiced with otherP002756W001 computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (loT) devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers (e.g., ruggedized personal computers), field-programmable gate arrays, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

[0102] The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0103] Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media, and / or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer- readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable or machine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data.

[0104] Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid state storage devices, or other tangible and / or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory, or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.P002756W001

[0105] Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries, or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.

[0106] Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, optic, infrared, and other wireless media.

[0107] With reference again to FIG. 6, the example environment 600 for implementing various embodiments of the aspects described herein includes a computer 602, the computer 602 including a processing unit 604, a system memory 606 and a system bus 608. The system bus 608 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 606 to the processing unit 604. The processing unit 604 can be any of various commercially available processors, field- programmable gate array, Al accelerator application-specific integrated circuit, or other suitable processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures can also be employed as the processing unit 604.

[0108] The system bus 608 can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory 606 includes ROM 610 and RAM 612. A basic input / output system (BIOS) can be stored in a nonvolatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 602, such as during startup. The RAM 612 can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data. It is noted that unified Extensible Firmware Interface(s) can be utilized herein.

[0109] The computer 602 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 614 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 616 (e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 616, a memory stick or flash drive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk driveP002756W001620 (e.g., which can read or write from a disc 622 such as a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.). While the internal HDD 614 is illustrated as located within the computer 602, the internal HDD 614 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown in environment 600, a solid-state drive (SSD) could be used in addition to, or in place of, an HDD 614. The HDD 614, external storage device(s) 616 and optical disk drive 620 can be connected to the system bus 608 by an HDD interface 624, an external storage interface 626 and an optical drive interface 628, respectively. The interface 624 for external drive implementations can include at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1364 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

[0110] The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer 602, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to respective types of storage devices, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing or developed in the future, could also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.

[0111] A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 612, including an operating system 630, one or more application programs 632, other program modules 634 and program data 636. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and / or data can also be cached in the RAM 612. The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

[0112] Computer 602 can optionally comprise emulation technologies. For example, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate a hardware environment for operating system 630, and the emulated hardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated in FIG. 6. In such an embodiment, operating system 630 can comprise one virtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at computer 602. Furthermore, operating system 630 can provide runtime environments, such as the Java runtime environment or the .NET framework, for applications 632. Runtime environments are consistent execution environments that allow applications 632 to runP002756W001 on any operating system that includes the runtime environment. Similarly, operating system 630 can support containers, and applications 632 can be in the form of containers, which are lightweight, standalone, executable packages of software that include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings for an application.

[0113] Further, computer 602 can be enabled with a security module, such as a trusted processing module (TPM). For instance, with a TPM, boot components hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match of results to secured values, before loading a next boot component. This process can take place at any layer in the code execution stack of computer 602, e.g., applied at the application execution level or at the operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at any level of code execution.

[0114] A user can enter commands and information into the computer 602 through one or more wired / wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 638, a touch screen 640, and a pointing device, such as a mouse 642. Other input devices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control, a joystick, a virtual reality controller and / or virtual reality headset, a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), a gesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, an emotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g., fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 604 through an input device interface 644 that can be coupled to the system bus 608, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH® interface, etc.

[0115] A monitor 646 or other type of display device can also be connected to the system bus 608 via an interface, such as a video adapter 648. In addition to the monitor 646, a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

[0116] The computer 602 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and / or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 650. The remote computer(s) 650 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 602, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory / storage device 652 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired / wireless connectivity toP002756W001 a local area network (LAN) 654 and / or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 656. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

[0117] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 602 can be connected to the local network 654 through a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 658. The adapter 658 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 654, which can also include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 658 in a wireless mode.

[0118] When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 602 can include a modem 660 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN 656 via other means for establishing communications over the WAN 656, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 660, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 608 via the input device interface 644. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 602 or portions thereof can be stored in the remote memory / storage device 652. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.

[0119] When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer 602 can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storage systems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices 616 as described above. Generally, a connection between the computer 602 and a cloud storage system can be established over a LAN 654 or WAN 656 e.g., by the adapter 658 or modem 660, respectively. Upon connecting the computer 602 to an associated cloud storage system, the external storage interface 626 can, with the aid of the adapter 658 and / or modem 660, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as it would other types of external storage. For instance, the external storage interface 626 can be configured to provide access to cloud storage sources as if those sources were physically connected to the computer 602.

[0120] The computer 602 can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and / or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies.P002756W001Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

[0121] Referring now to FIG. 7, there is illustrated a schematic block diagram of a computing environment 700 in accordance with this specification. The system 700 includes one or more client(s) 702, (e.g., computers, smart phones, tablets, cameras, PDA’s). The client(s) 702 can be hardware and / or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The client(s) 702 can house cookie(s) and / or associated contextual information by employing the specification, for example.

[0122] The system 700 also includes one or more server(s) 704. The server(s) 704 can also be hardware or hardware in combination with software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The servers 704 can house threads to perform transformations of media items by employing aspects of this disclosure, for example. One possible communication between a client 702 and a server 704 can be in the form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or more computer processes wherein data packets may include coded analyzed headspaces and / or input. The data packet can include a cookie and / or associated contextual information, for example. The system 700 includes a communication framework 706 (e.g., a global communication network such as the Internet) that can be employed to facilitate communications between the client(s) 702 and the server(s) 704.

[0123] Communications can be facilitated via a wired (including optical fiber) and / or wireless technology. The client(s) 702 are operatively connected to one or more client data store(s) 708 that can be employed to store information local to the client(s) 702 (e.g., cookie(s) and / or associated contextual information). Similarly, the server(s) 704 are operatively connected to one or more server data store(s) 710 that can be employed to store information local to the servers 704. Further, the client(s) 702 can be operatively connected to one or more server data store(s) 710.

[0124] In one exemplary implementation, a client 702 can transfer an encoded file, (e.g., encoded media item), to server 704. Server 704 can store the file, decode the file, or transmit the file to another client 702. It is noted that a client 702 can also transfer uncompressed file to a server 704 and server 704 can compress the file and / or transform the file in accordance with this disclosure. Likewise, server 704 can encode information and transmit the information via communication framework 706 to one or more clients 702.P002756W001

[0125] The illustrated aspects of the disclosure can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0126] The above description includes non-limiting examples of the various embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methods for purposes of describing the disclosed subject matter, and one skilled in the art can recognize that further combinations and permutations of the various embodiments are possible. The disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0127] With regard to the various functions performed by the above-described components, devices, circuits, systems, etc., the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to also include, unless otherwise indicated, any structure(s) which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even if not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure. In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosed subject matter may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature can be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.

[0128] The terms “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” as used herein are intended to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent structures and techniques known to one skilled in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive - in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word - without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0129] The term “or” as used herein is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” For example, the phrase “A or B” is intended to include instances of A, B, and both A and B. Additionally, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedP002756W001 claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless either otherwise specified or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.

[0130] The term “set” as employed herein excludes the empty set, i.e., the set with no elements therein. Thus, a “set” in the subject disclosure includes one or more elements or entities. Likewise, the term “group” as utilized herein refers to a collection of one or more entities.

[0131] The description of illustrated embodiments of the subject disclosure as provided herein, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples, as one skilled in the art can recognize. In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein in connection with various embodiments and corresponding drawings, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

[0132] Further aspects of the invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:

[0133] 1. A system onboard a vehicle, comprising: a memory that stores computer executable components; and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in memory, wherein the computer executable components comprise: an antenna component that is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of a surface of the vehicle, wherein the antenna component further comprises: a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves; and an antenna port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band.

[0134] 2. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the radiator further comprises antenna elements configured to operate within a frequency range encompassing 1.1-2.35 GHz collocated in a shared aperture..

[0135] 3. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the radiator further comprises an outer segment, a radio frequency port, and a feeding portion.P002756W001

[0136] 4. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the outer segment comprises a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot, and wherein the feeding portion extends inside the outer segment.

[0137] 5. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the feeding portion is a common feeding portion with antenna elements configured to operate within a frequency range encompassing 1.1-2.35 GHz collocated in a shared aperture..

[0138] 6. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the radiator further comprises a reflector for reflecting GNSS and SDARS signals to the radiator.

[0139] 7. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the reflector minimizes backwards radiation of the radiator.

[0140] 8. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the reflector is based on a triband artificial magnetic conductor (AMC).

[0141] 9. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the reflector further comprises two conductive layers, and is configured to be secured to a surface of the vehicle exterior to the radiator.

[0142] 10. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the antenna component is configured as a square slot structure, and the radio frequency port further comprises a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna.

[0143] 11. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the radio frequency port is configured to receive GNSS signals and SDARS signals.

[0144] 12. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the antenna component further comprises a C-shaped strip that creates a current path for an upper band.

[0145] 13. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), further comprising an artificial intelligence component that trains an artificial intelligence system to optimize clarity of the left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in the first frequency band and the right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in the second frequency band.

[0146] 14. The system of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the antenna component is optically transparent in design.

[0147] 15. An antenna for a vehicle, the antenna structure comprising: a radiator for radiating electromagnetic waves, wherein the radiator is substantially planar and integratedP002756W001 between two material layers of a surface of a vehicle; and an antenna port configured to receive left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band.

[0148] 16. The antenna of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the radiator further comprises an outer segment, a radio frequency port, and a feeding portion.

[0149] 17. The antenna of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the outer segment comprises a rectangular shape surrounding a rectangularly shaped slot, and wherein the feeding portion extends inside the outer segment.

[0150] 18. The antenna of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the antenna is configured as a square slot structure, and the radio frequency port further comprises a Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed connected to an L-shape stub and a rectangular ring in a square slot antenna.

[0151] 19. A vehicle with a surface having an antenna embedded therein that receives left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signals in a first frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals in a second frequency band, wherein a radiator of the antenna is substantially planar and integrated between two material layers of the surface of the vehicle and comprises a shared port for feeding a GNSS signal to at least one receiver and an SDARS signal to the at least one receiver.

[0152] 20. The vehicle of any one or more preceding clause(s), wherein the antenna is optically transparent in design

[0153] 21. Any suitable combination of any one or more of system clauses 1-14.

[0154] 22. Any suitable combination of any one or more antenna clauses 15-18.

[0155] 23. Any suitable combination of vehicle clauses 19-20.

[0156] 24. Any suitable combination of any features of any one or more of clauses 1-20.

Claims

P002756W001CLAIMS1. An antenna (502) for a vehicle, comprising: a substantially planar radiator (410) for radiating electromagnetic waves; a single feed antenna port (508) coupled to the radiator and configured to receive: left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band; and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiator comprises a shared aperture configured to support operation in both the first and second frequency bands.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is a slot antenna comprising a rectangularly shaped slot (510).

4. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a first tuning structure (512) supporting operation in the first frequency band and a second tuning structure (508b) supporting operation in the second frequency band.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the single feed antenna port comprises a coplanar waveguide feed (508a) connected to the first tuning structure.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein the first tuning structure is a C-shaped tuning stub (512) supporting operation at the first frequency band.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the second tuning structure is an L-shaped tuning stub (508c) supporting operation at the second frequency band.

8. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the first tuning structure is an L-shaped tuning stub (508b) coupled to the single feed antenna port via the coplanar waveguide feed (508a) andPage 40 of 43P002756W001 the second tuning structure is a C-shaped tuning stub (512), wherein the L-shaped tuning stub (508b) is arranged orthogonally to the C-shaped tuning stub.

9. The antenna according to claim 3, further comprising a conductive rectangular structure (514) located within the rectangular slot of the antenna, the conductive rectangular structure being configured to enhance circular polarization performance of the antenna.

10. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first frequency band is an SDARS frequency band ranging from 2.320 GHz to 2.345 GHz11. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second frequency band is a GNSS frequency band including at least one of 1160-1190 MHz, 1197-1249 MHz and 1559-1606 MHz.

12. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiator is configured such that excitation via the single feed port produces a conical radiation pattern in the first frequency band.

13. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiator is configured such that excitation via the single feed port produces a broadside radiation pattern in the second frequency band.

14. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radiator is configured to operate in a half-wavelength monopole mode and in a higher-order mode of a slot antenna structure, and wherein a tuning stub associated with the first frequency band is configured to function as a reactive element for tuning the second frequency band.

15. The antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiator comprises a conductive rectangular ring positioned within a square slot and electromagnetically coupled to a feed structure, the rectangular ring being configured to modify the current distribution within the slot so as to enable balanced excitation of two orthogonal modes with approximately equalPage 41 of 43P002756W001 amplitude and a phase difference of approximately 90 degrees, thereby enhancing circular polarization performance.

16. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein the slot is square in shape and configured to support two orthogonal resonant modes with similar resonant frequencies, the modes being configured to combine to generate circularly polarized radiation.

17. A vehicle with a surface having an antenna (602) embedded therein, the antenna comprising: a substantially planar radiator (410) for radiating electromagnetic waves; a single feed antenna port (508) coupled to the radiator and configured to receive: left-hand circularly polarized signals in a first frequency band; and right-hand circularly polarized signals in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band.

18. The vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the antenna is integrated between two material layers of a surface of a vehicle.

19. The vehicle according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the antenna further comprises a reflector disposed on a side of the radiator opposite the vehicle surface.

20. The vehicle according to claim 19, wherein the reflector is configured to reflect signals in both the first and second frequency bands.

21. The vehicle according to any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein the reflector is configured to reduce back radiation and enhance forward gain.

22. The vehicle according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the reflector is provided at a distance from the radiator, the distance corresponding to at least the thickness of an interior material layer of the two material layers, disposed between the radiator and the reflector.Page 42 of 43

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