Communication system and base station

Abstract

A communication system for performing dual connectivity by a first base station dedicated to a first RAT of the first generation and a second base station that performs multi-RAT spectrum sharing by the first RAT and a second RAT of the second generation. The communication system calculates a resource amount required in a secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station on the basis of a requirement related to at least one of the required bandwidth, the guaranteed quality, and the priority required by a user who performs communication by the dual connectivity, determines allocation of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within a band of the multi-RAT spectrum sharing in the second base station by using the resource amount, and executes the determined resource allocation.

Description

Communication System and Base Station

[0001] The present invention relates to a communication system and a base station.

[0002] In a wireless communication system NR (New Radio) (also referred to as "5G") and a successor system of NR (e.g., "6G") based on the 3GPP (registered trademark) standard, technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, power saving, etc. are being studied (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Also, the network architectures in 5GC (5G Core Network) or 5GS (5G System), which is the core network in 5G, and 6GC (6G Core Network) or 6GS (6G System), which is a successor to 5G, are being studied.

[0004] In addition, in O-RAN (Open-Radio Access Network), as technologies for realizing 6G, an AI-Native RAN (Artificial Intelligence - Radio Access Network) architecture, multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) spectrum sharing (Multi-RAT Spectrum Sharing (MRSS)), enhanced massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) considering 1000 or more antenna elements, and distributed MIMO, etc. are being studied. The technology is closely related to an open fronthaul interface that connects a distributed unit (O-DU (Distribution Unit)) responsible for the functions of the physical upper layer (PHY-high) and a radio unit (O-RU (Radio Unit)) responsible for the functions of the physical lower layer (PHY-low). For example, the performance and implementation complexity in the technology are affected by the low-layer division options that determine the functions of PHY-high and PHY-low.

[0005] 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.3.0 (2024-09)

[0006] One of the technologies being considered for 6G at O-RAN is Multi-RAT Spectrum Sharing (MRSS), which improves spectral efficiency by allowing different radio access technologies (RATs), such as 5G RATs and 6G RATs, to share the same frequency band.

[0007] On the other hand, 5G includes technologies such as Carrier Aggregation (CA) or Dual Connectivity (DC), which combine multiple frequency bands to improve communication speed. It also includes Network Slice (NS), a technology that appropriately allocates network resources according to the requirements of the services provided.

[0008] While it is possible to further improve network utilization efficiency by combining MRSS with CA, DC, and NS, the procedure for achieving this combination is not yet clear.

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to improve network utilization efficiency by combining multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS) with carrier aggregation (CA), dual connectivity (DC), or network slice (NS).

[0010] According to the disclosed technology, a communication system for dual connectivity has a network node for managing and integrating services, a first base station dedicated to a first-generation first RAT (Radio Access Technology), and a second base station for multi-RAT spectrum sharing using the first RAT and a second-generation second RAT, wherein the first base station has a first distributed unit and a first radio unit, and the second base station has a second distributed unit supporting the first RAT and a third distributed unit supporting the second RAT, or a fourth distributed unit supporting both the first and second RATs, and a second radio unit supporting both the first and second RATs, and at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, the fourth distributed unit, and the network node is based on the requirements of at least one of the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority requested by a user communicating in dual connectivity. A communication system is provided, comprising: a control unit that calculates the amount of resources required in the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station and determines the allocation or distribution of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within the bandwidth of multi-RAT spectrum sharing at the second base station using the amount of resources; a transmission unit that transmits to the first radio unit a first instruction regarding resource allocation to the first radio unit, determined based on the determined resource allocation or distribution, and transmits to the second radio unit a second instruction regarding resource allocation to the second radio unit; the first radio unit comprises a receiving unit that receives the first instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the first instruction; and the second radio unit comprises a receiving unit that receives the second instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the second instruction.

[0011] According to the disclosed technology, network utilization efficiency can be improved by combining multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS) with carrier aggregation (CA), dual connectivity (DC), or network slice (NS).

[0012] This figure shows an example configuration (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example configuration (2) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a logical architecture in O-RAN. This figure shows an example configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a resource allocation optimization pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a resource allocation optimization pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a resource allocation optimization pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to those described below.

[0014] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technologies may be used as appropriate. However, such existing technologies may be, for example, existing LTE or existing NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR.

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), which are used in existing LTE systems, will be used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc., may be called by other names. Also, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily explicitly stated as "NR-".

[0016] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex system may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) system, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) system, or any other system (for example, a Flexible Duplex).

[0017] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" wireless parameters means that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or terminal 20 are configured. Also, in the following description, " / " means "and / or" unless otherwise specified, or unless it is clear from the context that it has a different meaning.

[0018] Figure 1 shows an example configuration (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, but this is an example, and there may be multiple base stations 10 and terminals 20.

[0019] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and communicates wirelessly with terminal 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 transmits synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, in NR-PBCH and is also called broadcast information. Synchronization signals and system information may also be called SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in Figure 1, base station 10 transmits control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals using beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Also, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via Carrier Aggregation (CA) through secondary cells (SCell) and primary cells (PCell). Additionally, the terminal 20 may communicate via Dual Connectivity (DC) through the primary cell of base station 10 and the primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell) of another base station 10.

[0020] Terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet, wearable device, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Figure 1, Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. Terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and performs propagation path quality measurement based on the reception results of said reference signals.

[0021] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation of 6G. For example, these requirements may include ultra-broadband communication, mission-critical communication, ultra-massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0022] Furthermore, these requirements may include ultra-high-speed communication, large-capacity communication, ultra-wide coverage, ultra-low power consumption, cost reduction, ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability communication, ultra-high connectivity, and sensing.

[0023] To meet these requirements, the new concept aims for extensibility (e.g., making it more effective for future use), ease of operation, customizability (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., cost reduction, a more robust configuration, and resilience). Furthermore, guaranteed communication, ensuring a minimum level of performance at all times, is being considered.

[0024] Figure 2 shows an example configuration (2) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows an example configuration of a wireless communication system when DC (Dual connectivity) is performed. As shown in Figure 2, a base station 10A that will be an MN (Master Node) and a base station 10B that will be an SN (Secondary Node) are provided. Base stations 10A and 10B are each connected to the core network. Terminal 20 can communicate with both base station 10A and base station 10B.

[0025] A cell group provided by base station 10A, which is an MN (Mobile Network), is called an MCG (Master Cell Group), and a cell group provided by base station 10B, which is an SN (Mobile Network), is called an SCG (Secondary Cell Group). In a data center, an MCG consists of one PCell and one or more SCells, and an SCG consists of one PSCell (Primary SCG Cell) and one or more SCells.

[0026] Figure 3 shows an example of the logical architecture in O-RAN. As shown in Figure 3, at base station 10, distributed units (O-DUs) and radio units (O-RUs) are connected via an open fronthaul interface. This interface also transmits and receives control signals, user data, and synchronization signals in the open fronthaul control / user / synchronization plane (Open FH CUS-Plane), and management signals in the open fronthaul management plane (Open FH M-Plane). Furthermore, the Service Management and Orchestration (SMO), which manages and integrates services, communicates with the O-RUs via the Open FH M-Plane, with the O-DUs via the O1 interface, and with the O-Cloud via the O2 interface. Furthermore, in SMO, the non-real-time control unit (Non-RT (Real Time) RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller)) communicates with the near-real-time control unit (Near-RT (Real Time) RIC) via the A1 interface. The O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) and the O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) communicate with the O-DU via the F1-c and F1-u interfaces, respectively. The Near-RT RIC communicates with the O-DU and O-CU-CP, etc., via the E2 interface.

[0027] O-DU, O-CU, O-RU, SMO, and RIC may be deployed on the same base station, on different base stations, or in different locations other than base stations (nearby, remote, etc.). They may be treated as base station equipment or as network nodes. Furthermore, O-DU and O-CU may be deployed on a virtualization infrastructure and may be denoted as vDU (virtual DU) and vCU (virtual CU), for example.

[0028] The following describes methods for using Multi-RAT Spectrum Sharing (MRSS) in combination with Carrier Aggregation (CA), Dual Connectivity (DC), or Network Slice (NS). In the following methods, requests / instructions / notifications / reports sent and received by O-DUs and O-RUs may be messages containing requests / instructions / notifications / reports. Furthermore, multiple methods shown below may be used in combination. In addition, the network generations described are 5G and 6G, but they are not limited to a combination of 5G and 6G; they may be replaced with 4G or 7G or later. Also, when "first generation and second generation (RAT)" is written, for example, "first generation" may be 5G and "second generation" may be 6G, or other combinations of generations may be used. Furthermore, O-DUs and O-RUs corresponding to 5G (5G RAT) and 6G (6G RAT) may be written as 5G O-DU, 5G O-RU, 6G O-DU, and 6G O-RU. Furthermore, O-DUs and O-RUs that support both 5G and 6G may be described as 5G+6G O-DUs and 5G+6G O-RUs, respectively. Interface may be abbreviated as IF.

[0029] (Method 1) Combining MRSS with CA or DC Method 1 describes a method for using MRSS in combination with CA or DC. Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show two types of configurations in dual connectivity (DC) using a base station (MCG(PCell)) having an O-RU that supports 5G in a frequency band dedicated to 5G (Band X), and a base station (SCG(PSCell, SCell)) having an O-RU that supports both 5G and 6G in a frequency band that is MRSS for 5G and 6G (Band Y). Alternatively, Figures 4(a) and 4(b) may be CA configured by Band X (PCell) and Band Y (SCell) in the same base station. Furthermore, it is assumed that the user is communicating in Band X, which is dedicated to 5G.

[0030] In the configuration shown in Figure 4(a), a single O-RU (5G+6G O-RU) that supports both 5G and 6G in the frequency band (band Y) is connected to a 5G O-DU and a 6G O-DU, and communicates by dynamically switching between 5G and 6G or using both 5G and 6G simultaneously. In this configuration, the case where the 5G O-DU and 6G O-DU are from the same vendor or a multi-vendor configuration may also be considered. Furthermore, since the single O-RU (5G+6G O-RU) that supports both 5G and 6G is shared and used by the 5G and 6G O-DUs, it may also be called a Shared O-RU.

[0031] In the configuration shown in Figure 4(b), one O-RU (5G+6G O-RU) that supports both 5G and 6G in the frequency band (band Y) is connected to one O-DU (5G+6G O-DU) that also supports both 5G and 6G, and communicates by dynamically switching between 5G and 6G or using both 5G and 6G simultaneously. Furthermore, in this configuration, for example, a case where a 5G-compatible O-DU and a 6G-compatible O-DU are in the same housing, and a 6G-compatible O-DU from a different vendor is installed in the 5G-compatible O-DU, may also be considered.

[0032] When implementing 5G CA / DC in an MRSS environment, it is necessary to appropriately control the balance of resource allocation ratios between 5G and 6G to maintain the quality of service for both. However, determining the appropriate amount of resources to allocate to 5G is difficult, and inappropriate allocation may reduce the effectiveness of 5G CA / DC and degrade the quality of 6G services. Therefore, a control method is needed that considers the balance required to maximize the effects of 5G CA / DC while maintaining a certain level of quality in 6G.

[0033] For example, if there are many 6G users in a certain area and 6G traffic is high, and 5G users initiate CA / DC, 6G resources will become insufficient, resulting in a decrease in communication quality for 6G users. Conversely, if resource allocation to 5G is restricted in order to maintain 6G quality, improvements in communication speed through 5G CA / DC cannot be expected, leading to decreased user satisfaction.

[0034] The following describes two methods for combining MRSS with a CA or DC: Method 1-1 for dynamic resource allocation in a CA / DC, and Method 1-2 for improving the stability of SCell resources in a CA / DC. Here, the setting information regarding the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority used in Method 1 may be shared among all O-DUs / {network nodes such as SMOs} that constitute the CA / DC. Furthermore, the processing in Method 1 may be executed by any one of the O-DUs / {network nodes such as SMOs}, or multiple O-DUs / SMOs may share the execution and share the execution results (resource allocation results, etc.) among all O-DUs / {network nodes such as SMOs} that constitute the CA / DC. In addition, network nodes such as SMOs may be, for example, non-real-time control devices (Non-RT RICs) / near-real-time control devices (Near-RT RICs).

[0035] (Method 1-1) In the dynamic resource allocation method 1-1 in CA / DC, the O-DU / {network node such as SMO} performs dynamic resource allocation, comprehensively managing the resource allocation of PCells in the 5G dedicated band X and SCells in band Y, which is MRSS, at the start of CA / DC and during communication. This makes it possible to maintain 6G quality while improving the network utilization efficiency effect of CA / DC. The configuration information regarding the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority may be set dynamically or in advance according to the use case, application, and emergency communication, etc.

[0036] (Example 1-1) Example 1-1 describes the specific procedure for Method 1-1.

[0037] (Step 1: Resource Request Evaluation at CA / DC Start) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may, for example, receive CA / DC requests from other network nodes to users and determine the required amount of SCell resources based on the requirements (required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority, etc.) corresponding to the received requests. In addition, the following parameters may be set based on this determination: ・BW_CA / DCp: Total bandwidth to be achieved by CA / DC (e.g., 100 MHz). ・BW_PCell: Bandwidth of PCell (5G dedicated band) (e.g., 50 MHz). ・BW_SCell_req: Bandwidth required by SCell = BW_CA / DCp - BW_PCell (e.g., 50 MHz).

[0038] Furthermore, O-DU / {network nodes such as SMO} may dynamically configure or pre-configure settings regarding required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority according to the use case (e.g., video streaming, high-speed download), application type, and emergency communications (e.g., communications during a disaster).

[0039] (Procedure 2: Resource allocation within the MRSS band) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may decide on the resource allocation of 5G (SCell) and 6G within the MRSS band Y. The required amount of SCell resources determined in Procedure 1 may be used in this decision. The following criteria may also be used in this decision: - Meeting the minimum quality requirements for 6G (Q_6G_min) (e.g., allocating at least 30% of resources to 6G). - Whether the required bandwidth for SCell (5G) (BW_SCell_req) can be secured. - Pre-set priorities. For example, in the case of emergency communications, the priority of 5G may be set higher.

[0040] Furthermore, the following parameters may be set as a result of this decision: • Total bandwidth BW_MRSS (e.g., 100 MHz). • 6G bandwidth: BW_6G = max(Q_6G_min × BW_MRSS, BW_MRSS - BW_SCell_req) (e.g., 30 MHz). • 5G (SCell) bandwidth: BW_SCell = BW_MRSS - BW_6G (e.g., 70 MHz). However, BW_SCell ≥ BW_SCell_req must be satisfied.

[0041] (Step 3: Sending Resource Allocation Instructions) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may send resource allocation instructions, determined based on the resource allocation determined in Step 3, to each O-RU in the CA / DC using a control message (CA / DCResourceAllocation). Here, the control message may include the following information elements: ・BW_SCell: 5G bandwidth of the SCell. ・BW_6G: 6G bandwidth. ・RB_Allocation_SCell: Resource block arrangement of the SCell. ・RB_Allocation_6G: 6G resource block arrangement.

[0042] (Step 4: Resource allocation in O-RUs) Each O-RU in the CA / DC may perform resource allocation according to the resource allocation instructions received in Step 3.

[0043] (Step 5: Resource adjustment while maintaining CA / DC) The O-DU / {network node such as SMO} may, depending on changes in traffic conditions / use cases, determine resource allocation again using the same procedure as in Step 2, and, if necessary, send resource allocation instructions to each O-RU in the CA / DC again using the same procedure as in Step 3.

[0044] (Method 1-2) In Method 1-2 for improving the stability of SCell resources in CA / DC, a method of preferentially securing the resources of SCell will be described to reduce the instability of SCell due to resource fluctuations within the MRSS band. Also, in Method 1-2, a fallback procedure when the SCell resources are insufficient will be set, and a method of ensuring the continuity of communication will also be described. This setting can be executed by the O-DU / {network nodes such as SMO}. Also, the setting regarding the priority of resource allocation for SCell may be dynamically set according to use cases, applications, emergency communications, etc., or may be set in advance.

[0045] (Embodiment 1-2) In Embodiment 1-2, specific procedures regarding Method 1-2 will be described.

[0046] (Step 1: Setting the 5G resource priority of SCell) The O-DU / {network nodes such as SMO} may set the 5G resource priority of SCell higher than the 6G resources. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the extreme reduction of the 5G resources of SCell during resource allocation. Also, the following parameters may be set by setting the priority. - Priority_SCell: The value of the resource priority (high) of Scell (e.g., value 90). - Priority_6G: The value of the resource priority (medium) of 6G (e.g., value 70).

[0047] Also, the O-DU / {network nodes such as SMO} may dynamically set the 5G resource priority of SCell according to use cases (e.g., applications that require high-speed data communication), emergency communications (e.g., emergency contacts during disasters), etc., or may set it in advance.

[0048] (Procedure 2: Calculation of Resource Allocation Ratio (Resource Distribution)) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may calculate the resource allocation ratio (resource distribution) based on the priority set in Procedure 1. In this calculation, the following calculation formulas may be used. - TotalPriority (Total Priority) = Priority_SCell (Priority of SCell) + Priority_6G (Priority of 6G). - A_SCell (Allocation Ratio of SCell) = (Priority_SCell / TotalPriority) × 100 (%). - A_6G (Allocation Ratio of 6G) = 100 - A_SCell (%).

[0049] (Procedure 3: Setting of Fallback Procedure) When O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} detects a shortage of SCell resources, it may decide to temporarily release CA / DC and fallback to 5G communication using only the PCell. Also, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may transmit an RRC reconfiguration message to notify the terminal 20 of the release of CA / DC using a control message between the base station 10 and the terminal 20 as needed.

[0050] (Procedure 4: Monitoring of Resource Status and Restart of Re-CA / DC) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may continuously monitor the resource status and, when it detects that the SCell resources have recovered, resume communication using CA / DC.

[0051] (Variant 1) As Variant 1 in the resource allocation optimization method 1 that utilizes traffic prediction by an artificial intelligence / machine learning model, a method of highly accurately predicting the future traffic demands of 5G and 6G using an artificial intelligence / machine learning model and pre-optimizing resource allocation based on the prediction results will be described. This makes it possible to prevent resource competition in advance and maintain the service quality of 5G and 6G even during CA / DC. Hereinafter, the procedure in Variant 1 will be described.

[0052] (Step 1: Data collection for training artificial intelligence / machine learning models) O-DU / {Network nodes such as SMO} may continuously collect data on past traffic data, such as data by time of day, day of the week, event information, and user behavior patterns.

[0053] (Step 2: Building an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning Model) The O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may, for example, select an appropriate learning algorithm for an artificial intelligence / machine learning model from among existing algorithms and perform training on the artificial intelligence / machine learning model based on the selected learning algorithm and the data collected in Step 1. Here, the O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may optimize the parameters of the learning algorithm to improve prediction accuracy.

[0054] (Step 3: Forecasting Traffic Demand) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may use the artificial intelligence / machine learning model learned in Step 2 to forecast traffic demand over forecast time spans such as short-term (a few minutes to a few hours), medium-term (a few hours to a few days), and long-term (a few days to a few weeks). Furthermore, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may evaluate the forecast results using metrics such as MAE (Mean Absolute Error) / RMSE (Mean Squared Error) to evaluate the accuracy of the forecast.

[0055] (Step 4: Determining Resource Allocation) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may determine resource allocation based on the results of the prediction performed in Step 3. The results of the prediction may be obtained using the following parameters: - Predicted 5G traffic demand rate Pred_R_5G (e.g., 65%) - Predicted 6G traffic demand rate Pred_R_6G (e.g., 35%) The results of resource allocation may also be set to the following parameters: - A_5G = Pred_R_5G (resource allocation ratio to 5G) - A_6G = 100% - A_5G (resource allocation ratio to 5G) If CA / DC initiation is predicted, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may reserve the necessary resources for SCell (5G in the MRSS band) in advance based on the determined resource allocation. The required bandwidth and priority settings may be dynamically set according to the prediction results / use case, etc.

[0056] (Step 5: Sending Resource Allocation Instructions) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may send resource allocation instructions to the O-RU using a control message, which include information about the resource allocation determined in Step 4. The control message may include the following information elements: ・Predicted_A_5G: 5G resource allocation ratio based on prediction ・Predicted_A_6G: 6G resource allocation ratio based on prediction (Step 6: Executing Resource Allocation) The O-RU may execute resource allocation according to the instructions received in Step 5.

[0057] (Step 7: Feedback and Model Update) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may continuously evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model by comparing actual traffic data with predicted values. Also, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may retrain / update the artificial intelligence / machine learning model as needed.

[0058] (Modification 2) As Modification 1 of User Experience-Based Dynamic Priority Adjustment Method 1, a method for dynamically adjusting the resource priority of 5G and 6G based on the user's real-time communication experience (e.g., communication speed, latency, packet loss rate) / Quality of Experience (QoE) will be described. This will improve user satisfaction and enable efficient network operation. The procedure for Modification 2 will be described below.

[0059] (Step 1: Collecting User Experience Data) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may collect data on communication quality in real time from terminals. For example, the following data may be collected: ・Communication speed (throughput) ・Latency ・Packet loss rate ・User application usage (video calls, online games, streaming, etc.) (Step 2: Performing QoE Evaluation) Based on the data collected in Step 1, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may perform a QoE evaluation for each user using, for example, the following methods: ・Scoring using quantitative indicators. (Example: Evaluation may be on a scale of 0 to 100) ・Weighting according to the user's application characteristics.

[0060] (Step 3: Dynamic adjustment of resource priority) Based on the evaluation results in Step 2, the O-DU / {network node such as SMO} may perform dynamic adjustment of resource priority, for example, by setting a higher resource priority for users whose QoE is degraded. The O-DU / {network node such as SMO} may also pre-set a higher priority for emergency communications / critical applications (medical, public safety, etc.).

[0061] (Step 4: Recalculating Resource Allocation Ratios) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may recalculate resource allocation ratios (resource distribution) based on the results of the dynamic adjustment of priorities in Step 3. Here, the priorities may be set with the following parameters: ・Priority_5G: 5G priority based on the user's QoE score ・Priority_6G: Priority based on the 6G user's QoE score In addition, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may recalculate the 5G resource allocation ratio (A_5G) and the 6G resource allocation ratio (A_6G) based on the sum of priorities (TotalPriority) obtained by adding the sum of priorities in 5G (ΣPriority_5G) and the sum of priorities in 6G (ΣPriority_5G), as shown in the following formula.・TotalPriority = ΣPriority_5G + ΣPriority_6G ・A_5G = (ΣPriority_5G / TotalPriority) × 100 ・A_6G = 100% - A_5G (Step 5: Sending resource allocation instructions) The O-DU / {network node such as SMO} may send resource allocation instructions, including the resource allocation ratio (resource distribution) recalculated in Step 4, to the O-RU using a control message. The control message may include the following information elements: ・Adjusted_A_5G: Adjusted 5G resource allocation ratio ・Adjusted_A_6G: Adjusted 6G resource allocation ratio (Step 6: Implementing resource allocation) The O-RU may implement resource reallocation according to the instructions received in Step 5.

[0062] (Step 7: Monitoring and Feedback on User Experience) The O-DU / {Network Node such as SMO} may monitor whether the user's QoE has improved after resource reallocation and may make further adjustments to resource allocation as needed.

[0063] (Effects of Method 1) Method 1 makes it possible to maximize the effects of 5G CA / DC in an MRSS environment while maintaining the service quality of 6G. This makes it possible to improve the overall efficiency of the network and user satisfaction. In addition, resource contention during CA / DC is resolved and 6G quality is maintained. That is, by securing the SCell resources necessary at the start of CA / DC while maintaining the quality requirements of 6G, the service quality of both 5G and 6G can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to strengthen the response to fluctuations in SCell resources. That is, by setting SCell resource priorities and introducing fallback procedures, the stability of CA / DC is improved and the reliability of communication is enhanced.

[0064] (Method 2) Combining MRSS and NS Method 2 describes a method in which dedicated network slices are set up for 5G and 6G respectively in an MRSS environment, and resources are dynamically allocated based on real-time traffic conditions and user requests. By combining MRSS and slicing, it is possible to optimize resource allocation between different communication standards within the same frequency band, minimizing interference while meeting the QoS requirements of each service. Note that network slices may simply be referred to as slices.

[0065] (Example 2) Dynamic resource allocation by network slicing Example 2 describes the specific procedure for Method 2.

[0066] (Step 1: Defining and configuring slices) (Step 1-1: Assigning slice identifiers) O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may assign a unique identifier to each network slice. For example, O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may assign the identifier "Slice_ID_5G" to a 5G slice and the identifier "Slice_ID_6G" to a 6G slice.

[0067] (Procedure 1-2: Defining Slice Characteristics) The O-DU / {Network Node such as SMO} may define characteristics for each slice, such as the required bandwidth, latency requirements, and reliability requirements. The O-DU / {Network Node such as SMO} may also set the values ​​of the following parameters in the definition: ・BW_Slice_5G: Bandwidth for a 5G slice (e.g., 60 MHz). ・BW_Slice_6G: Bandwidth for a 6G slice (e.g., 40 MHz). ・Latency_Slice_5G: Latency requirement for a 5G slice (e.g., 1 ms). ・Latency_Slice_6G: Latency requirement for a 6G slice (e.g., 0.5 ms). ・Reliability_Slice_5G: Reliability requirement for a 5G slice (e.g., 99.999%). ・Reliability_Slice_6G: Reliability requirement for a 6G slice (e.g., 99.9999%).

[0068] (Step 2: Dynamic adjustment of resource allocation) (Step 2-1: Real-time monitoring) O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may monitor network traffic status, number of users, and usage of each slice in real time. In addition, O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may set the values ​​of the following parameters as settings for this monitoring: ・Current_Traffic_5G: Current 5G traffic volume (e.g., 80 Mbps). ・Current_Traffic_6G: Current 6G traffic volume (e.g., 50 Mbps). ・User_Count_5G: Number of 5G users (e.g., 100 users). ・User_Count_6G: Number of 6G users (e.g., 80 users).

[0069] (Step 2-2: Execution of resource allocation / distribution algorithm) The O-DU / {network node such as SMO} may execute a resource allocation / distribution algorithm based on the collected data (e.g., traffic volume / number of users) to determine the appropriate resource allocation / distribution for each slice.

[0070] (Example 1) O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may determine resource allocation using, for example, a resource allocation algorithm based on slice priority. Furthermore, O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may set the following parameter values ​​as settings related to said resource allocation: • Priority_5G: Priority of 5G slices (e.g., High). • Priority_6G: Priority of 6G slices (e.g., Medium).

[0071] (Example 2) O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may perform resource allocation using, for example, a resource allocation algorithm based on traffic demand forecasting. O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may also set the following parameter values ​​as settings related to said resource allocation: ・Predicted_Traffic_5G: Predicted 5G traffic volume (e.g., 90 Mbps). ・Predicted_Traffic_6G: Predicted 6G traffic volume (e.g., 60 Mbps). (Resource allocation optimization pattern) Figure 5 (Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C) shows an example of a resource allocation optimization pattern in an embodiment of the present invention. O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} / O-RU may perform resource allocation of 5G slices and 6G slices based on the pattern shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the pattern number, pattern name, problem description, details of the embodiment, and parameter name for each resource allocation optimization pattern. Here, the pattern number is a number for identifying the pattern. The pattern name indicates the name of the pattern. The problem description explains the problem that is solved by the pattern. The details of the example provide a detailed explanation of the pattern (such as the parameters that are set). The parameter example is an example of the values ​​of the parameters that are set in the pattern.

[0072] (Procedure 2-3: Resource Allocation Instructions) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may send resource allocation instructions to the O-RU based on the results of resource allocation / distribution in Procedure 2-2. These instructions may include the following parameters: ・New_Resource_Allocation_5G: Resource percentage of the newly allocated 5G slice (e.g., 65%). ・New_Resource_Allocation_6G: Resource percentage of the newly allocated 6G slice (e.g., 35%).

[0073] (Step 2-4: Application of Resource Allocation) The O-RU may allocate physical resources to each slice according to the resource allocation instructions received in Step 2-3. The O-RU may perform the allocation of the physical resources using the following parameters: ・RB_Allocation_Slice_5G: Allocation of resource blocks to a 5G slice (e.g., RB0-RB60). ・RB_Allocation_Slice_6G: Allocation of resource blocks to a 6G slice (e.g., RB61-RB100).

[0074] (Details of Resource Allocation Instructions) O-DU / {Network Node such as SMO} may send a control message to O-RU in resource allocation instructions that includes the following fields: Message Header field: This field may include the following information: ・Message type (e.g., ResourceAllocation) ・Timestamp ・Slice identifier (Slice_ID_5G, Slice_ID_6G) Resource Details field: This field may include the following information: ・BW_Slice_5G: Bandwidth of the newly allocated 5G slice. ・BW_Slice_6G: Bandwidth of the newly allocated 6G slice. ・RB_Allocation_Slice_5G: Resource block placement information for the 5G slice. ・RB_Allocation_Slice_6G: Resource block placement information for the 6G slice. Priority Settings field: This field may include the following information: ・Priority_5G: Priority of the 5G slice. • Priority_6G: Priority of the 6G slice. Quality of Service (QoS_Parameters) field: This field may contain the following information: • QoS guarantee details for each slice.

[0075] (Step 2-5: Re-evaluation and Feedback of Resource Allocation) (Periodic Re-evaluation of Resource Allocation) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may perform a re-evaluation of resource allocation at regular intervals or when a significant change in traffic conditions (e.g., a change in traffic volume) is detected. O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may also set the following parameter values ​​as settings related to the re-evaluation of resource allocation: ・Reevaluation_Interval: The interval at which resource allocation re-evaluation is performed (e.g., every 5 minutes). ・Traffic_Change_Threshold: The threshold for change in traffic volume (e.g., ±20%).

[0076] (Construction of a Feedback Loop) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may collect network performance data after resource allocation and optimize resource allocation based on this data, such as by improving the accuracy of the resource allocation algorithm. In addition, O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may use the following parameters in this optimization: ・Post_Allo_Traffic_5G: 5G traffic information after resource allocation (e.g., average traffic volume). ・Post_Allo_Traffic_6G: 6G traffic information after resource allocation (e.g., average traffic volume). ・QoS_Metrics_5G: 5G QoS metrics after resource allocation (e.g., throughput, latency). ・QoS_Metrics_6G: 6G QoS metrics after resource allocation (e.g., throughput, latency).

[0077] For example, an O-DU / {network node such as an SMO} may set the average values ​​of 5G traffic and 6G traffic after resource allocation as network node performance data for resource allocation in the parameters (Post_Allo_Traffic_5G, Post_Allo_Traffic_6G). Alternatively, for example, an O-DU / {network node such as an SMO} may pre-set the 5G QoS metrics and 6G QoS metrics after resource allocation in the parameters (QoS_Metrics_5G, QoS_Metrics_6G), respectively, and perform resource allocation optimization to satisfy these metrics.

[0078] (Modification 1) As modification 1 of the service priority-based slice dynamic adjustment method 2, a method for dynamically adjusting network slice resource allocation based on the priority of the services provided will be described. This makes it possible to prioritize the allocation of resources to important services and high-priority users, thereby improving overall service quality. The procedure for this modification will be described below.

[0079] (Step 1: Setting Service Priorities) The O-DU / {Network Node such as SMO} pre-sets service priorities for each slice using parameters such as the following: ・Service_Priority_High: High-priority services (e.g., emergency communications, medical services). ・Service_Priority_Medium: Medium-priority services (e.g., video streaming). ・Service_Priority_Low: Low-priority services (e.g., IoT device communications).

[0080] (Step 2: Adjusting the Resource Algorithm) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may adjust the resource allocation algorithm according to the priority of the service using the following parameters, for example, to preferentially allocate resources to high-priority services: ・Priority_Weight_High: Resource weight for high-priority services (e.g., 0.6). ・Priority_Weight_Medium: Resource weight for medium-priority services (e.g., 0.3). ・Priority_Weight_Low: Resource weight for low-priority services (e.g., 0.1).

[0081] (Step 3: Dynamic Resource Reallocation) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may monitor service priority / traffic status in real time and readjust resource allocation between slices using the following parameters: ・Service_Priority_Change_Trigger: Trigger condition for service priority change (e.g., emergency event occurs). ・Dynamic_Adjustment_Ratio: Dynamic adjustment ratio (e.g., increase resources of high-priority slices by 10%).

[0082] For example, if an O-DU / {network node such as SMO} has "Emergency Event Occurrence" set as the parameter indicating the trigger condition for changing service priority (Service_Priority_Change_Trigger), it may raise the service priority of the slice corresponding to the emergency event when it detects the occurrence of an emergency event from the traffic status monitoring results.

[0083] Furthermore, for example, if the O-DU / {network node such as SMO} has "Increase resources for high-priority slices by 10%" set as the Dynamic_Adjustment_Ratio parameter, it may increase the resources allocated to high-priority slices by 10% when dynamically adjusting their priority.

[0084] (Modification 2) As modification 1 of the slice optimization method 2 based on user classification, a method is described in which users are classified into categories and network slices optimized for each category are dynamically assigned. This makes it possible to allocate resources according to the needs of different user groups and improve overall network efficiency and user satisfaction. The procedure for this modification is described below.

[0085] (Step 1: User Classification) O-DU / {Network Nodes such as SMO} may classify users into categories such as business users, entertainment users, and IoT users using the following parameters: ・User_Category_Business: Business users (e.g., enterprise services). ・User_Category_Entertainment: Entertainment users (e.g., video streaming). ・User_Category_IoT: IoT users (e.g., sensor communication).

[0086] (Step 2: Slice Allocation Optimization) The O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may perform dynamic allocation of slices optimized for each user category and adjust the resource allocation of the allocated slices using the following parameters: ・BW_Slice_Business: Bandwidth for business slices (e.g., 50 MHz). ・BW_Slice_Entertainment: Bandwidth for entertainment slices (e.g., 30 MHz). ・BW_Slice_IoT: Bandwidth for IoT slices (e.g., 20 MHz).

[0087] (Step 3: Real-time resource adjustment) O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} may adjust the resource allocation of slices in real time using the following parameters in response to user usage and / or the addition of new users: ・User_Addition_Trigger: Trigger condition for the addition of a new user (e.g., registration of a new business user). ・Resource_Adjustment_Business: Resource adjustment rate for business slices (e.g., 10% increase).

[0088] For example, if the O-DU / {network node such as SMO} has "Register a new business user" set as the trigger condition for adding a new user (ser_Addition_Trigger), it may adjust the slice's resource allocation when a new business user is registered.

[0089] Furthermore, for example, if the O-DU / {Network node such as SMO} has a parameter indicating the resource adjustment rate for business slices (Resource_Adjustment_Business) set to "10% increase," it may increase the resources allocated to the business slice by 10% compared to the current resources when dynamically adjusting the resources of the business slice.

[0090] (Effects of Method 2) Method 2 enables dynamic resource allocation and interference management through network slicing in an MRSS environment. Specifically, the following effects can be obtained: ・Optimization of resource allocation: Dynamic resource allocation using network slicing technology allows for real-time optimization of resource allocation between 5G and 6G, thereby improving the efficiency of spectrum utilization. ・Enhanced interference management: Fine-grained control of resource allocation for each slice minimizes interference between 5G and 6G, maintaining the quality of service for both. ・Improved service quality: Resource allocation and priority setting based on the characteristics of each slice allows for improved overall network performance while meeting QoS requirements for each user. ・Improved network flexibility and scalability: Dynamic resource allocation and network slicing enable rapid response to changes in the number of users and traffic conditions on the network, and allow for flexible adaptation to future 6G network expansion. ・Improved energy efficiency: Network slicing and optimization of resource allocation reduce the use of unnecessary resources and suppress energy consumption.

[0091] Therefore, by combining multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS) with carrier aggregation (CA), dual connectivity (DC), or network slice (NS) using methods 1 and 2 described above, network utilization efficiency can be improved.

[0092] (Device Configuration) Next, an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processing and operations described above will be explained. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include the functions to perform the embodiments described above. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each be equipped with only some of the functions in the embodiments.

[0093] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> Figure 6 shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30. As shown in Figure 6, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 6 is merely an example. The functional classifications and names of the functional units can be anything as long as they can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention. The network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions on the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0094] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or other network node 30 and transmitting the signal by wire or wireless. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or other network node 30 and obtaining information from the received signal, for example, information from a higher layer. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be configured.

[0095] The setting unit 130 stores pre-configured setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads them from the storage device as needed.

[0096] The control unit 140 performs the processing described in the embodiment. The signal transmission function in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception function in the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0097] Furthermore, the base station 10 may include a distributed unit (O-DU), a radio unit (O-RU), and a central unit (O-CU). Also, the SMO, the non-real-time control device (Non-RT RIC) in the SMO, and the near-real-time control device (Near-RT RIC) may be functions of the network node 30. In addition, the O-DU, O-RU, O-CU, SMO, Non-RT RIC, and Near-RT RIC may each have a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140, and the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may communicate with each other.

[0098] <Terminal 20> Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20. As shown in Figure 7, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 7 is merely an example. Any functional classification and name of functional unit is acceptable as long as it can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, a communication device that acts as a resource holder may have a functional configuration similar to that of terminal 20.

[0099] The transmitting unit 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains signals from higher layers from the received physical layer signals. The receiving unit 220 also has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals or reference signals transmitted from the network node 30. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be configured.

[0100] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the network node 30 by the receiving unit 220 in its storage device and reads it from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-configured setting information.

[0101] The control unit 240 performs the processing described in the embodiment. The signal transmission function in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception function in the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0102] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (Figures 6 and 7) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

[0103] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0104] For example, the network node 30, terminal 20, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 and terminal 20 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node 30 may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The base station 10 and terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0105] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0106] Each function in the base station 10 and terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of data reading and writing in the storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0107] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140, control unit 240, etc., described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0108] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in Figure 6 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in Figure 7 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although the above-described processes have been explained as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0109] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing a communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0110] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray® disk), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may also be a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0111] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the transmitting and receiving antenna, amplifier section, transmitting and receiving section, transmission path interface, etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving section may be implemented in a physically or logically separated manner, with a transmitting section and a receiving section.

[0112] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0113] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0114] Furthermore, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0115] Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 9, vehicle 2001 includes an operating unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0116] The operating unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0117] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0118] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 for sensing motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals acquired by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals acquired by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals acquired by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0119] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0120] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0121] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the moving parts 2002, steering parts 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0122] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0123] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include the information based on the above input.

[0124] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external device in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the operating unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0125] <Note> (Note 1) A communication system that performs dual connectivity, comprising a network node for managing and integrating services, a first base station dedicated to a first-generation first RAT (Radio Access Technology), and a second base station that performs multi-RAT spectrum sharing using the first RAT and a second-generation second RAT, wherein the first base station has a first distributed unit and a first radio unit, the second base station has a second distributed unit supporting the first RAT and a third distributed unit supporting the second RAT, or a fourth distributed unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, and a second radio unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, and at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, the fourth distributed unit, and the network node calculates the amount of resources required in the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station based on the requirements of at least one of the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority requested by a user communicating in dual connectivity, A communication system comprising: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within the bandwidth of multi-RAT spectrum sharing at the second base station using the amount of resources; a transmission unit that transmits to the first radio unit a first instruction regarding resource allocation to the first radio unit, and transmits to the second radio unit a second instruction regarding resource allocation to the second radio unit, based on the determined resource allocation or distribution; the first radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the first instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the first instruction; and the second radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the second instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the second instruction.(Appendix 2) The communication system according to Appendix 1, wherein the control unit controls the resources of the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station by setting the resource priority of the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station to be higher than the resource priority of the second RAT of the second base station. (Note 3) A base station that performs carrier aggregation by communicating with a network node that manages and integrates services, and communicating in a first band, comprising: a first distributed unit and a first radio unit dedicated to the first generation first RAT (Radio Access Technology), communicating in a first band; a second distributed unit supporting the first RAT and a third distributed unit supporting the second generation second RAT, or a fourth distributed unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, and a second radio unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, communicating in a second band using multi-RAT spectrum sharing, wherein at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, the fourth distributed unit, and the network node calculates the amount of resources required in the secondary cell of the first RAT in the second band based on the requirements of at least one of the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority requested by the user communicating in carrier aggregation. A base station comprising: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within the bandwidth of multi-RAT spectrum sharing in the second bandwidth using the amount of resources; a transmission unit that transmits to the first radio unit a first instruction regarding resource allocation to the first radio unit, and transmits to the second radio unit a second instruction regarding resource allocation to the second radio unit, based on the determined resource allocation or distribution; the first radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the first instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the first instruction; and the second radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the second instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the second instruction.(Appendix 4) The base station according to Appendix 3, wherein the control unit controls the resources of the secondary cells of the first RAT in the second band by setting the priority of the resources of the secondary cells of the first RAT in the second band to be higher than the priority of the resources of the second RAT in the second band. (Appendix 5) A base station that communicates with a network node that manages and integrates services, and performs multi-RAT spectrum sharing in a first RAT (Radio Access Technology) in a first generation and a second RAT in a second generation, comprising: a first distributed unit that supports the first RAT and a second distributed unit that supports the second RAT, or a third distributed unit that supports both the first RAT and the second RAT; and a radio unit that supports both the first RAT and the second RAT, wherein at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, and the network node comprises: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources in a network slice in the first RAT and a network slice in the second RAT based on at least one of traffic volume and number of users in the first RAT and the second RAT; and a transmission unit that transmits instructions regarding resource allocation determined based on the determined resource allocation or distribution to the radio unit.

[0126] Any of the above-mentioned supplementary methods can be used to improve network utilization efficiency by combining Multi-RAT Spectrum Sharing (MRSS) with Carrier Aggregation (CA), Dual Connectivity (DC), or Network Slicing (NS).

[0127] (Supplement to Embodiments) Embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, substitutions, etc. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical parts. The operation of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operation of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts. The processing procedures described in the embodiments may be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For the convenience of explaining the processing, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be stored in any suitable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or other appropriate storage medium.

[0128] Furthermore, notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Also, RRC signaling may be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0129] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure refers to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 may apply to at least one system utilizing UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Alternatively, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0130] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0131] In this specification, specific operations performed by the base station 10 may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 can be performed by the base station 10 and at least one of the other network nodes (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0132] The information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). They may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0133] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0134] The determination in this disclosure may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0135] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0136] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0137] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0138] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0139] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0140] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0141] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0142] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "base station equipment", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0143] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0144] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0145] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0146] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0147] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes the case when the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0148] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the terminals 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0149] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal described above.

[0150] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), or ascertaining. “Determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, or accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0151] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0152] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0153] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0154] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0155] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0156] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0157] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0158] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0159] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0160] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0161] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device

Claims

1. A communication system that performs dual connectivity, comprising a network node for managing and integrating services, a first base station dedicated to a first-generation first RAT (Radio Access Technology), and a second base station performing multi-RAT spectrum sharing using the first RAT and a second-generation second RAT, wherein the first base station has a first distributed unit and a first radio unit, the second base station has a second distributed unit supporting the first RAT and a third distributed unit supporting the second RAT, or a fourth distributed unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, and a second radio unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, and at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, the fourth distributed unit, and the network node calculates the amount of resources required in the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station based on the requirements of at least one of the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority requested by a user communicating in dual connectivity, A communication system comprising: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within the bandwidth of multi-RAT spectrum sharing at the second base station using the amount of resources; a transmission unit that transmits to the first radio unit a first instruction regarding resource allocation to the first radio unit, and transmits to the second radio unit a second instruction regarding resource allocation to the second radio unit, based on the determined resource allocation or distribution; the first radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the first instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the first instruction; and the second radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the second instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the second instruction.

2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the resources of the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station by setting the priority of the resources of the secondary cell of the first RAT of the second base station to be higher than the priority of the resources of the second RAT of the second base station.

3. A base station that performs carrier aggregation by communicating with a network node that manages and integrates services, and comprising: a first distributed unit and a first radio unit dedicated to the first generation first RAT (Radio Access Technology) that communicates in a first band; a second distributed unit that supports the first RAT and a third distributed unit that supports the second generation second RAT, or a fourth distributed unit that supports both the first RAT and the second RAT, and a second radio unit that supports both the first RAT and the second RAT, which communicate in a second band using multi-RAT spectrum sharing, wherein at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, the fourth distributed unit, and the network node calculates the amount of resources required in the secondary cell of the first RAT in the second band based on the requirements of at least one of the required bandwidth, guaranteed quality, and priority requested by the user communicating in carrier aggregation. A base station comprising: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources between the first RAT and the second RAT within the bandwidth of multi-RAT spectrum sharing in the second bandwidth using the amount of resources; a transmission unit that transmits to the first radio unit a first instruction regarding resource allocation to the first radio unit, and transmits to the second radio unit a second instruction regarding resource allocation to the second radio unit, based on the determined resource allocation or distribution; the first radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the first instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the first instruction; and the second radio unit comprising a receiving unit that receives the second instruction and a control unit that performs resource allocation based on the second instruction.

4. The base station according to claim 3, wherein the control unit controls the resources of the secondary cells of the first RAT in the second band by setting the priority of the resources of the secondary cells of the first RAT in the second band to be higher than the priority of the resources of the second RAT in the second band.

5. A base station that communicates with a network node that manages and integrates services, and performs multi-RAT spectrum sharing in a first RAT (Radio Access Technology) in a first generation and a second RAT in a second generation, comprising: a first distributed unit supporting the first RAT and a second distributed unit supporting the second RAT, or a third distributed unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT; and a radio unit supporting both the first RAT and the second RAT, wherein at least one of the first distributed unit, the second distributed unit, the third distributed unit, and the network node comprises: a control unit that determines the allocation or distribution of resources in a network slice in the first RAT and a network slice in the second RAT based on at least one of traffic volume and number of users in the first RAT and the second RAT; and a transmission unit that transmits instructions regarding resource allocation determined based on the determined resource allocation or distribution to the radio unit.

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