Operating method of user equipment in wireless communication system and apparatus using operating method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an operating method of an apparatus and an apparatus using a configurable interleaver according to QoS requirements in a wireless communication system. The apparatus, for example, a user equipment: receives a user equipment capability enquiry message from a network; provides user equipment capability information to the network; transmits a service change request message to the network; receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the network; and in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters satisfying QoS requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

Description

Method of operation of a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device using the method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method of operation of a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device using said method.

[0002] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that consider services / terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience in this disclosure, such technology is referred to as new RAT or NR. NR is also referred to as a fifth-generation (5G) system.

[0003] In NR and future wireless communication systems, Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding techniques (e.g., Turbo code, LDPC code, Polar code, etc.) can be used to correct communication errors without retransmission. However, these coding techniques work well under conditions where errors are distributed. In other words, if errors occur continuously, the error recovery performance of these coding techniques deteriorates. To distribute these continuous errors over time, an interleaver (or interleaving technique) can be used to change the order of the transmitted bits before transmission.

[0004] In existing wireless communication systems, block interleavers have been primarily used. Block interleavers can arrange data sequences in fixed blocks and then swap columns and rows. However, these block interleavers have the disadvantage of long latency, which may not satisfy the requirements for real-time services in future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G). Therefore, convolution interleavers with low latency can be introduced in 6G.

[0005] However, while conventional convolution interleavers have the advantage of low latency, they have the disadvantage that performance-related parameters are fixed, making it difficult to satisfy all requirements of each service in an environment where multiple services with different required Quality of Service (QoS) are provided.

[0006] The technical problem that the present disclosure aims to solve is to provide a method of operation of a terminal in a wireless communication system and a device utilizing said method.

[0007] In one aspect, a method of operation of a terminal is provided. The method is characterized in that the terminal receives a terminal capability inquiry message from a network, the terminal provides terminal capability information to the network, the terminal transmits a service change request message to the network, the terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the network, and in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0008] In another aspect, a terminal, device, or computer-readable storage medium is provided for executing the above method.

[0009] A method of operation of a base station is provided, provided in another aspect. The method is characterized in that a base station (network) transmits a terminal capability inquiry message to a terminal, the base station receives terminal capability information from the terminal, the base station receives a service change request message from the terminal, the base station transmits an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal, and the base station receives an interleaver parameter change response message from the terminal as a response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the QoS requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0010] In another aspect, a base station is provided that executes the operation method of the above base station.

[0011] Conventional convolution interleavers have fixed parameters such as the number of rows (N) and the register length slope; however, the convolution interleaver according to the present disclosure allows said parameters to be changed according to the QoS requirements of the service being used by the user. For example, in the case of a service where latency is critical, the values ​​of the number of rows (N) and the register length slope parameter of the convolution interleaver can be reduced to decrease latency, and in the case of a service where reliability is critical, the values ​​of the number of rows (N) and the register length slope parameter of the convolution interleaver can be increased to improve interleaving performance. As a result, the convolution interleaver according to the present disclosure can meet various service qualities required by various services.

[0012] The effects obtainable from the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure applies from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. Unintended effects resulting from implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure can also be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.

[0014] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane.

[0015] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the wireless protocol structure for the control plane.

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0018] Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0019] Figure 7 illustrates a slot structure.

[0020] Figure 8 illustrates a core set.

[0021] Figure 9 is a diagram showing the difference between the core set in the conventional control area and NR.

[0022] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new wireless access technology.

[0023] Figure 11 illustrates the structure of a slot.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system including an interleaver / deinterleaver.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates the operation of a block interleaver.

[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of a block deinterleaver.

[0028] Figure 16 illustrates the structure of a convolution interleaver.

[0029] Figure 17 illustrates the structure of a convolutional deinterleaver corresponding to Figure 16.

[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates the output of the convolution interleaver of FIG. 16.

[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates the output of the convolution deinterleaver of FIG. 17.

[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates a configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure that can change the convolution interleaver parameters of the number of rows (N) and the register length step (slope).

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a configuration of a convolution interleaver with N=4 and slope=1 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a configuration of a convolution deinterleaver with N=4 and slope=1 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0035] FIG. 23 shows another example of configuring a convolution interleaver with N=3 and slope=2 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0036] FIG. 24 shows another example of configuring a convolution deinterleaver with N=3 and slope=2 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0037] Figure 25 illustrates another example in which a convolution interleaver with N=6 and slope=2 is configured using a larger configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure with max(N) 6 and max(slope) 10.

[0038] FIG. 26 illustrates a configuration of a convolutional deinterleaver with N=6 and slope=2 using a configurable convolutional interleaver / deinterleaver structure.

[0039] Figure 27 illustrates a procedure for adjusting convolution interleaver parameters according to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the service.

[0040] Figure 28 illustrates a slot structure.

[0041] FIG. 29 illustrates the operation between a base station and a terminal.

[0042] FIG. 30 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 31 illustrates a method of operation from the perspective of a base station.

[0044] FIG. 32 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0045] Figure 33 illustrates an example of a signal processing module structure.

[0046] Figure 34 illustrates another example of a signal processing module structure within a transmission device.

[0047] FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 36 illustrates another example of a wireless device.

[0049] FIG. 37 illustrates a communication system (1) applicable to the present specification.

[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied. This may also be referred to as an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0051] E-UTRAN includes a base station (20: Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10: User Equipment, UE). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (mobile terminal), Wireless Device, or terminal. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, or gNB.

[0052] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0053] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0054] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0055] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

[0056] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the physical layer (PHY layer) provides information transfer services to upper layers using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, through a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface.

[0057] Data travels between different physical layers, specifically between the physical layers of the transmitter and the receiver, through a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and utilizes time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0058] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, and multiplexing / demultiplexing MAC SDUs (service data units) belonging to logical channels into transport blocks provided to physical channels over the transport channel. The MAC layer provides services to the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer through logical channels.

[0059] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQ).

[0060] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of wireless bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) for data transmission between a terminal and a network.

[0061] The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the user plane include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the control plane include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0062] The configuration of an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting their respective specific parameters and operating methods. RBs can be further divided into two types: SRBs (Signaling RBs) and DRBs (Data RBs). SRBs are used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0063] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the terminal is in an RRC connected state; otherwise, it is in an RRC idle state.

[0064] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data from a network to a terminal include a Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted via the Shared Channel (SCH) or via a separate Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0065] Logical channels that are above the transmission channel and map to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0066] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A single subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit composed of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe may utilize specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) within that subframe for a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), e.g., an L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0067] The following describes new radio access technology (new RAT, NR).

[0068] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that take into account services and terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience, this technology is referred to as new RAT or NR in this disclosure.

[0069] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 4, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 4 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0071] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB can provide functions such as Inter Cell RRM, RB control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration & Provision, and Dynamic Resource Allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security and idle state mobility processing. The UPF can provide functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU processing. The SMF (Session Management Function) can provide functions such as terminal IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0073] Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 6, radio frames (hereinafter abbreviated as frames) may be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can be defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) or SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0075] The following Table 1 shows examples of subcarrier spacing configurations μ.

[0076] [Table 1]

[0077]

[0078] Table 2 below shows the number of slots (N) within a frame according to the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. frame,μ slot ), number of slots in the subframe (N subframe,μ slot ), number of symbols in the slot (N slot symb Examples include ) etc.

[0079] [Table 2]

[0080]

[0081] Figure 6 illustrates μ=0, 1, 2, and 3.

[0082] Table 2-1 below illustrates how the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS when an extended CP is used (μ= 2, 60KHz).

[0083] [Table 2-1]

[0084]

[0085] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0086] Figure 7 illustrates a slot structure.

[0087] A slot may contain multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols (or 7 symbols), but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols (or 6 symbols). A carrier may contain multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 4 or 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the active BWP, and only one BWP may be active for a single terminal. In a resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), and a single complex symbol can be mapped to it. A mini-slot can consist of, for example, 2, 4, or 7 symbols.

[0088] The PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) can be composed of one or more CCEs (control channel elements) as shown in Table 3 below.

[0089] [Table 3]

[0090]

[0091] For example, a PDCCH can be transmitted through a resource consisting of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, a CCE consists of 6 REGs (resource element groups), and one REG consists of one resource block in the frequency domain and one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol in the time domain.

[0092] Monitoring means decoding each PDCCH candidate according to the DCI (downlink control information) format. The terminal monitors a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more core sets (CORESET, described below) on the active DL BWP of each active serving cell where PDCCH monitoring is configured, according to the corresponding set of search spaces.

[0093] In NR, a new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) can be introduced. A terminal can receive PDCCH from the core set.

[0094] Figure 8 illustrates a core set.

[0095] Referring to Fig. 8, the core set is N in the frequency domain. CORESET RB It consists of N resource blocks, and in the time domain N CORESET symb ∈ Can be composed of {1, 2, 3} symbols. N CORESET RB , N CORESET symbIt can be provided by the base station through an upper layer signal. As illustrated in FIG. 8, a core set may include a plurality of CCEs (or REGs). A single CCE may be composed of a plurality of REGs (resource element groups), and a single REG may include one OFDM symbol in the time domain and 12 resource elements in the frequency domain.

[0096] The terminal can attempt to detect PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs within the core set. One or more CCEs that can attempt to detect PDCCH may be called PDCCH candidates.

[0097] The terminal can be configured with multiple core sets.

[0098] Figure 9 is a diagram showing the difference between the core set in the conventional control area and NR.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 9, the control area (800) in a conventional wireless communication system (e.g., LTE / LTE-A) is configured across the entire system band used by the base station. All terminals, except for some terminals that support only a narrow band (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT terminals), had to be able to receive wireless signals across the entire system band of the base station in order to properly receive / decode control information transmitted by the base station.

[0100] On the other hand, in NR, the aforementioned core sets are introduced. The core sets (801, 802, 803) can be described as wireless resources for control information that a terminal must receive, and only a portion of the system band can be used instead of the entire system band in the frequency domain. Additionally, only some of the symbols within a slot can be used in the time domain. A base station can assign a core set to each terminal and transmit control information through the assigned core set. For example, in FIG. 9, the first core set (801) can be assigned to terminal 1, the second core set (802) can be assigned to terminal 2, and the third core set (803) can be assigned to terminal 3. In NR, a terminal can receive control information from a base station even without necessarily receiving the entire system band.

[0101] A core set may include a terminal-specific core set for transmitting terminal-specific control information and a common core set for transmitting control information common to all terminals.

[0102] Meanwhile, in NR, high reliability may be required depending on the application field, and in such situations, the target block error rate (BLER) for downlink control information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g., physical downlink control channel: PDCCH) can be significantly lower than that of conventional technology. As an example of a method to satisfy such requirements for high reliability, the amount of content included in the DCI can be reduced, and / or the amount of resources used during DCI transmission can be increased. In this case, the resources may include at least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code domain, and resources in the space domain.

[0103] The following technologies / features can be applied in NR.

[0104] Self-contained subframe structure

[0105] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new wireless access technology.

[0106] In NR, for the purpose of minimizing latency, a structure in which the control channel and the data channel are time-division multiplexed (TDM) within a single TTI, as shown in Fig. 10, can be considered as one of the frame structures.

[0107] Figure 10 illustrates an example in which a downlink control area is located at the front of the TTI and an uplink control area is located at the back of the TTI. The area between the downlink control area and the uplink control area may be used for transmitting downlink data (DL data) or for transmitting uplink data (UL data). A characteristic of this structure is that downlink (DL) reception and uplink (UL) transmission proceed sequentially within a single subframe / slot, allowing DL data to be received and UL ACK / NACK (Acknowledgement / Not-acknowledgement) to be transmitted within a single subframe / slot. Consequently, the time required for data retransmission in the event of a data transmission error is reduced, thereby minimizing the latency of the final data delivery.

[0108] In such a data and control TDMed subframe structure, a time gap is required for the transition process between the base station and the terminal from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, in a self-contained subframe structure, some OFDM symbols at the time of transition from DL to UL can be set as a guard period (GP).

[0109] Figure 11 illustrates the structure of a slot.

[0110] In an NR system, a single slot may contain a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL control channel, etc. For example, the first N symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the DL control area), and the last M symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the UL control area). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area (hereinafter referred to as the data area) located between the DL control area and the UL control area may be used for transmitting DL data or for transmitting UL data. As an example, the following configuration may be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

[0111] 1. DL only configuration

[0112] 2. UL only configuration

[0113] 3. Mixed UL-DL Configuration

[0114] - DL Area + GP (Guard Period) + UL Control Area

[0115] - DL Control Area + GP + UL Area

[0116] DL Area: (i) DL Data Area, (ii) DL Control Area + DL Data Area

[0117] UL Area: (i) UL Data Area, (ii) UL Data Area + UL Control Area

[0118] In the DL control area, PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data area, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) can be transmitted. In the UL control area, PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) can be transmitted, and in the UL data area, PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) can be transmitted. In PDCCH, DCI (Downlink Control Information), such as DL data scheduling information and UL data scheduling information, can be transmitted. In PUCCH, UCI (Uplink Control Information), such as ACK / NACK (Positive Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, CSI (Channel State Information) information, and SR (Scheduling Request), can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap during the process of the base station and the terminal switching from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. Within a subframe, some symbols at the point of transition from DL to UL can be set as GP.

[0119] Analog Beamforming #1

[0120] In millimeter wave (mmW), the shorter wavelength allows for the installation of multiple antenna elements within the same area. Specifically, in the 30 GHz band, the wavelength is 1 cm, making it possible to install a total of 100 antenna elements in a 2-dimensional array form with a spacing of 0.5 wavelengths (lambda) on a 5 by 5 cm panel. Therefore, in mmW, multiple antenna elements are used to increase beamforming (BF) gain, thereby increasing coverage or throughput.

[0121] In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is equipped to allow for transmission power and phase control for each antenna element, independent beamforming for each frequency resource becomes possible. However, installing TXRUs for all 100 or so antenna elements presents a problem of low cost-effectiveness. Therefore, a method is being considered in which multiple antenna elements are mapped to a single TXRU and the beam direction is adjusted using an analog phase shifter. This analog beamforming method has the disadvantage of being unable to perform frequency-selective beamforming because it can only create a single beam direction across the entire band.

[0122] A hybrid beamforming (hybrid BF) can be considered as an intermediate form between digital beamforming (Digital BF) and analog beamforming (analog BF), having B TXRUs, which is fewer than Q antenna elements. In this case, although there are differences depending on the connection method between B TXRUs and Q antenna elements, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B or fewer.

[0123] Analog Beamforming #2

[0124] In NR systems, when multiple antennas are used, hybrid beamforming techniques combining digital and analog beamforming are emerging. In this case, analog beamforming (or RF beamforming) performs precoding (or combining) at the RF stage, which has the advantage of achieving performance close to that of digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and D / A (or A / D) converters. For convenience, the above hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, digital beamforming for L data layers to be transmitted at the transmitter can be represented by an N by L matrix, and subsequently, the converted N digital signals pass through the TXRUs to be converted into analog signals, after which analog beamforming represented by an M by N matrix is ​​applied.

[0125] System information of the NR system can be transmitted via broadcasting. In this case, analog beams belonging to different antenna panels within a single symbol can be transmitted simultaneously, and a method is being discussed to introduce a Beam Reference Signal (BRS), which is a reference signal (RS) transmitted by applying a single analog beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel) to measure the channel for each analog beam. The BRS can be defined for multiple antenna ports, and each antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. In this case, unlike the BRS, the synchronization signal or xPBCH can be transmitted by applying all analog beams within an analog beam group so that any terminal can receive it well.

[0126] In NR, the synchronization signal block (SSB, or may also be referred to as the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel: SS / PBCH) in the time domain may consist of four OFDM symbols numbered in ascending order from 0 to 3 within the synchronization signal block, and the PBCH associated with the primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) may be mapped to the symbols. As previously mentioned, the synchronization signal block may also be referred to as the SS / PBCH block.

[0127] In NR, multiple synchronization signal blocks can be transmitted at different times, and since an SSB can be used to perform initial access (IA), serving cell measurement, etc., it is desirable for the SSB to be transmitted first when transmission times and resources overlap with other signals. To this end, the network can broadcast the transmission time and resource information of the SSB or indicate it through UE-specific RRC signaling.

[0128] In NR, beam-based transmission and reception operations can be performed. If the reception performance of the current serving beam deteriorates, a process to find a new beam can be performed through a process called beam failure recovery (BFR).

[0129] Since BFR is not a process that declares an error or failure regarding the link between the network and the terminal, it can be assumed that the connection with the current serving cell is maintained even when the BFR process is performed. During the BFR process, measurements are taken on different beams configured by the network (beams can be expressed as CSI-RS ports or SSB (synchronization signal block) indices, etc.), and the best beam for the terminal can be selected. The terminal can proceed with the BFR process by performing the RACH process associated with the beam for which the measurement results are good.

[0130] Now, the Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state is described. The TCI state can be configured per core set of the control channel, and parameters for determining the reception (Rx) beam of the terminal can be determined based on the TCI state.

[0131] For each downlink bandwidth portion (DL BWP) of a serving cell, the terminal may be configured with three or fewer core sets. Additionally, for each core set, the terminal may be provided with the following information.

[0132] 1) Coreset index p (e.g., one of 0 to 11, in which case the index of each coreset can be uniquely determined in the BWPs of a single serving cell),

[0133] 2) PDCCH DM-RS Scrambled Sequence Initialization Value,

[0134] 3) Interval of the core set in the time domain (can be given in symbol units),

[0135] 4) Resource block set,

[0136] 5) CCE-to-REG mapping parameters,

[0137] 6) Antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) representing the quasi-co-location information of the DM-RS antenna port for PDCCH reception in each core set (from the set of antenna port quasi-co-locations provided by the upper layer parameter called 'TCI-State'),

[0138] 7) Indication of the existence or non-existence of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) field for a specific DCI format transmitted by PDCCH in the core set, etc.

[0139] QCL is explained. If the characteristics of the channel through which a symbol on one antenna port is transmitted can be inferred from the characteristics of the channel through which a symbol on another antenna port is transmitted, then the two antenna ports can be said to be in a quasi-common location (QCL). For example, if two signals (A and B) are transmitted from the same transmission antenna array with the same / similar spatial filter applied, the two signals may experience the same / similar channel conditions. From the perspective of a receiver, if it receives one of the two signals, it can detect the other signal by utilizing the channel characteristics of the received signal.

[0140] In this sense, the fact that A and B are QCL implies that A and B have undergone similar channel conditions, and therefore, the channel information estimated to detect A may also be useful for detecting B. Here, channel conditions can be defined by, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial reception parameters, etc.

[0141] The 'TCI-State' parameter associates one or two downlink reference signals with the corresponding QCL type (QCL types A, B, C, and D are available; see Table 4).

[0142] [Table 4]

[0143]

[0144] Each 'TCI-State' may include parameters for establishing a quasi-coordinated locality (QCL) relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM-RS port of the PDSCH (or PDCCH) or the CSI-RS port of the CSI-RS resource.

[0145] Meanwhile, in each DL BWP configured for the terminal in a single serving cell, the terminal may be provided with 10 or fewer search space sets. For each search space set, the terminal may be provided with at least one of the following information.

[0146] 1) search space set index s (0≤s<40), 2) association between core set P and search space set s, 3) PDCCH monitoring period and PDCCH monitoring offset (in slots), 4) PDCCH monitoring pattern within a slot (e.g., indicating the first symbol of the core set within the slot for PDCCH monitoring), 5) number of slots in which search space set s exists, 6) number of PDCCH candidates per CCE aggregation level, 7) information indicating whether search space set s is CSS or USS, etc.

[0147] In NR, core set #0 can be configured by the PBCH (or terminal-specific signaling for handover, PSCell configuration, or BWP configuration). The search space (SS) set #0 configured by the PBCH may have different monitoring offsets (e.g., slot offset, symbol offset) for each associated SSB. This may be necessary to minimize the search space occasions that the terminal needs to monitor. Alternatively, it may be necessary to provide a beam sweeping control / data area capable of transmitting control / data according to each beam, so that communication with the terminal can be maintained even when the terminal's best beam changes dynamically.

[0148] FIG. 12 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 12, in a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type / purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0150] When the power is turned on again after being off, or when a terminal newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To do this, the terminal receives PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain cell broadcast information by receiving PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. Furthermore, during the initial cell search phase, the terminal can check the downlink channel status by receiving DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal).

[0151] After completing the initial cell search, the terminal can obtain more specific system information by receiving the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and the corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0152] Subsequently, the terminal may perform a Random Access Procedure to complete the connection to the base station (S13~S16). Specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble through a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) (S13) and receives a RAR (Random Access Response) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Subsequently, the terminal transmits a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) using scheduling information within the RAR (S15) and may perform a Conflict Resolution Procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0153] A terminal that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but it may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and data need to be transmitted simultaneously. Additionally, the terminal may transmit UCI non-periodically via PUSCH in response to requests / instructions from the network.

[0154] To enable reasonable battery consumption when BA (bandwidth adaptation) is configured, only one uplink BWP and one downlink BWP or only one downlink / uplink BWP pair for each uplink carrier can be enabled at a time within an active serving cell, and all other BWPs configured in the terminal are disabled. In the disabled BWPs, the terminal does not monitor the PDCCH and does not transmit on the PUCCH, PRACH, and UL-SCH.

[0155] Regarding the BA, the terminal's receive and transmit bandwidths do not need to be as wide as the cell's bandwidth and can be adjusted: the width can be commanded to change (e.g., contracting during periods of low activity to save power), the position in the frequency domain can be shifted (e.g., to increase scheduling flexibility), and the subcarrier spacing can be commanded to change (e.g., to allow different services). A subset of the cell's total cell bandwidth is referred to as the bandwidth part (BWP), and the BA is obtained by setting the BWP(s) to the terminal and informing the terminal of which of the set BWPs is currently active. Once the BA is set, the terminal only needs to monitor the PDCCH on one active BWP. For example, there is no need to monitor the PDCCH across the cell's entire downlink frequency. A BWP inactive timer (independent of the aforementioned DRX inactive timer) is used to switch an active BWP to a default BWP: the timer is restarted when PDCCH decoding is successful, and when the timer expires, switching to the default BWP occurs.

[0156] A method and apparatus according to the present disclosure are described below. The method and apparatus according to the present disclosure can be applied to a 6G wireless communication system.

[0157] The 6G wireless communication system (hereinafter referred to as the 6G system) aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (Internet of Things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may be four aspects such as intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0158] A 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 5 below. For example, Table 5 is a table showing an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0159] [Table 5]

[0160]

[0161] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0162] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms (millisecond).

[0163] 6G systems will have much better volumetric spectral efficiency than the frequently used area-spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems will not need to be charged separately.

[0164] New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0165] 1) Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0166] 2) Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from “connected things” to “connected intelligence.” AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or each step of signal processing).

[0167] 3) Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0168] 4) Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0169] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0170] 1) Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0171] 2) Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0172] 3) High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber optic and free-space optical (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0173] 4) Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0174] 5) Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0175] Below, we describe interleavers and deinterleavers that can be used in 6G systems.

[0176] In order to correct communication errors without retransmission, Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding techniques such as Turbo code, Low Density Partity Check (LDPC) code, and Polar code can be used.

[0177] However, these coding techniques work well under distributed error conditions. For instance, if burst errors—that is, errors occurring continuously—occur due to interference or other factors in the channel, the recovery performance of these coding techniques deteriorates.

[0178] To distribute consecutive errors over time, the order of transmitted bits can be changed using an interleaving technique. At the receiving end, the original bit order is restored through a deinterleaving process.

[0179] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system including an interleaver / deinterleaver.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 13, at the transmission end, data bits to be transmitted are encoded according to the coding technique used by passing through a channel encoder. These encoded bits are rearranged in an interleaver and then transmitted through the channel.

[0181] At the receiver, the encoded bits are restored to their original order through a deinterleaver. The restored encoded bits are extracted into data bits through a channel decoder.

[0182] Even if the aforementioned burst error occurs on the channel, the error is distributed at the receiving end by the interleaver / deinterleaver.

[0183] FIG. 14 illustrates the operation of a block interleaver.

[0184] Referring to FIG. 14, the block interleaver writes input bits in the row direction of memory and reads them in the column direction.

[0185] In Fig. 14, the numbers represent the order of the input bits.

[0186] For example, input bits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... are output from the block interleaver in the order 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, ... and transmitted to the channel. At this time, burst errors may occur in the channel, such as errors in bits 12, 18, 24, and 1.

[0187] FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of a block deinterleaver.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 15, the block deinterleaver writes input bits in the column direction of memory and reads them in the row direction. For example, assuming the output of the block interleaver as in FIG. 14, it can be seen that the input bits 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, ... of the block deinterleaver are restored to their original order of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... in the block deinterleaver.

[0189] As explained in Fig. 14, let us assume that a burst error occurs on the channel, for example, at bits 12, 18, 24, and 1. When passing through the block deinterleaver of Fig. 15, it can be seen that the burst error at bits 12, 18, 24, and 1 appears in a distributed form. It is highly likely that errors in such distributed error bits will be corrected by the channel decoder.

[0190] In the example of Fig. 14, it can be seen that the interleaved bit minimum distance (hereinafter referred to as minimum distance), which is an indicator of interleaving performance, is 6 (e.g., the distance between bit 12 and bit 18, the distance between bit 18 and bit 24, etc.).

[0191] Generally, the minimum distance of a block interleaver can be approximately equal to the number of columns (in the block containing the data sequence). The latency of the block interleaver in FIG. 14 is 30 cycles for the write operation, 30 cycles for the read operation, and a total of 60 cycles. Generally, the latency from the block interleaver input to the block deinterleaver output can be approximately equal to the number of rows (in the block) x the number of columns (in the block) x 2 x 2.

[0192] As such, block interleavers may not meet the requirements of real-time services such as AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and XR (eXtended Reality) due to their relatively long latency. Therefore, the use of convolutional interleavers can be considered to reduce interleaver latency.

[0193] Figure 16 illustrates the structure of a convolution interleaver.

[0194] Referring to FIG. 16, the input to the convolution interleaver (hereinafter simply abbreviated as interleaver) is applied sequentially from the first row of N rows. After the last row is input, the input starts again from the first row. The shift registers of each row are shifted to the right upon input application. The output of the interleaver is output sequentially from the first row of N rows. After the last row is output, the output starts again from the first row. In FIG. 16, the initial value of the shift registers is X -1 , X -2 It is displayed in the form of , … etc.

[0195] In FIG. 16, 1) the number of rows (N) and 2) the register length step (hereinafter referred to as the register step or slope) may be convolution interleaver parameters. The interleaved bit minimum distance of the convolution interleaver can be calculated as shown in Equation 1 below.

[0196] [Equation 1]

[0197] min(N, N x slope - 1)

[0198] min(A, B) represents the smallest value among A and B, and 'x' represents the product (the same applies below).

[0199] The latency of a convolution interleaver can be calculated as shown in Equation 2 below.

[0200] [Equation 2]

[0201] N x (N-1) x slope

[0202] The example in Fig. 16 is a case where the number of rows (N) is 4 and the register length step (slope) is 1, the minimum distance is 3 (= min(4, 4x1-1)), and the delay time is 12 cycles (= 4x(4-1)x1).

[0203] Figure 17 illustrates the structure of a convolutional deinterleaver corresponding to Figure 16.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 17, similar to the operation of a convolution interleaver, the input to the convolution deinterleaver (hereinafter simply abbreviated as deinterleaver) is applied sequentially starting from the first row of N rows. After the last row is input, the input is applied again starting from the first row. The shift registers of each row are shifted to the right when input is applied. The output of the deinterleaver is output sequentially starting from the first row of N rows. After the last row is output, the output is applied again starting from the first row. It can be seen that the output of the deinterleaver is identical to the input order of the interleaver, thereby restoring the original input bit order.

[0205] FIG. 18 illustrates the output of the convolution interleaver of FIG. 16.

[0206] In Fig. 18, the numbers represent the order of the input bits, and '-1' represents the initial values ​​of the shift register.

[0207] In the convolution interleaver, bits 0, -1, -1, -1, 4, 1, -1, -1, 8, 5, 2, -1, … are output in that order.

[0208] It can be seen that the minimum distance of the interleaver is 3, as calculated from Equation 1 (e.g., the distance between bit 4 and bit 1, the distance between bit 8 and bit 5).

[0209] FIG. 19 illustrates the output of the convolution deinterleaver of FIG. 17.

[0210] As shown in Fig. 19, it can be seen that the convolution deinterleaver output is restored to the convolution interleaver input order.

[0211] In addition, it can be seen that the delay time from the convolution interleaver input to the convolution deinterleaver output (cycles until bit 0 is first output) is 12 cycles, as calculated in Equation 2.

[0212] In the case of a 3(row) x 4(column) block interleaver having the same interleaving performance (minimum distance) as the convolution interleaver of Fig. 16, the delay time from the block interleaver input to the block deinterleaver output is row x column x 2 x 2 = 48 cycles, which is four times that of the convolution interleaver, which is 12 cycles. In addition, the block interleaver requires 3(row) x 4(column) = 12 memory, which is twice that of the convolution interleaver, which requires 6 memory.

[0213] In real-time services such as AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and XR (eXtended Reality) provided by 6G communication, latency is one of the important requirements, so the use of convolution interleavers can be considered.

[0214] If a block interleaver is used in a communication system, it is highly likely to fail to meet the requirements of real-time services such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and extended reality, where latency is a critical factor. As an alternative, a convolutional interleaver, which offers lower latency compared to block interleavers, can be used; however, since a convolutional interleaver with fixed latency also has a fixed minimum interleaved bit distance—a key performance metric—it may not satisfy interleaving performance requirements.

[0215] In this disclosure, convolution interleaver parameters are modified according to the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the service being used by the user to satisfy the latency and reliability (interleaving performance) of the service. For example, for a service where latency is critical, the latency can be reduced by decreasing the number of interleaver rows (N) and the register length step (slope) parameter values, and for a service where reliability is critical, the interleaving performance can be improved by increasing the number of interleaver rows (N) and the register length step (slope) parameter values.

[0216] The present disclosure proposes a convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure and procedure capable of changing interleaver parameters in this manner.

[0217] FIG. 20 illustrates a configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure that can change the convolution interleaver parameters of the number of rows (N) and the register length step (slope).

[0218] Figure 20 illustrates a case where the number of rows (N) is at most 4 and the register length step (slope) is at most 4, but this is not a limitation. For example, depending on the requirements of the actual system, the maximum value of N (max(N)) and the maximum value of the slope (max(slope)) may have values ​​greater than this.

[0219] FIG. 21 illustrates a configuration of a convolution interleaver with N=4 and slope=1 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0220] Referring to FIG. 21, the output of each row is selected according to the configuration of the required interleaver. For example, the first row outputs the input directly (211), the second row outputs the value of the first shift register (212), the third row outputs the value of the second shift register (213), and the fourth row outputs the value of the third shift register (214).

[0221] FIG. 22 illustrates a configuration of a convolution deinterleaver with N=4 and slope=1 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0222] Referring to FIG. 22, the output of each row is selected according to the configuration of the required deinterleaver. For example, the first row outputs the value of the third shift register (221), the second row outputs the value of the second shift register (222), the third row outputs the value of the first shift register (223), and the fourth row directly outputs the input (224).

[0223] The minimum distance of the convolution interleaver / deinterleaver with N=4 and slope=1 is min(N, Nxslope-1) = min(4, 4x1-1) = 3 in Equation 1, which can be verified in the interleaver output of Fig. 21. In addition, the delay time is N x (N-1) x slope = 4x(4-1)x1 = 12 in Equation 2, which can be verified in the deinterleaver output of Fig. 22.

[0224] FIG. 23 shows another example of configuring a convolution interleaver with N=3 and slope=2 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 23, the output of each row is selected according to the required interleaver configuration. For example, the first row may output the input directly, the second row may output the value of the second shift register, and the third row may output the value of the fourth shift register. The interleaver output in this case is shown in FIG. 23.

[0226] FIG. 24 shows another example of configuring a convolution deinterleaver with N=3 and slope=2 using the configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure of FIG. 20.

[0227] Referring to FIG. 24, the output of each row is selected according to the configuration of the required deinterleaver. For example, the first row outputs the value of the fourth shift register, the second row outputs the value of the second shift register, and the third row directly outputs the input.

[0228] The minimum distance of the convolution interleaver / deinterleaver with N=3 and slope=2 is min(N, Nxslope-1) = min(3, 3x2-1) = 3 in Equation 1, which can be verified in the interleaver output of Fig. 23. Additionally, the delay time is N x (N-1) x slope = 3x(3-1)x2 = 12 in Equation 2, which can be verified in the deinterleaver output of Fig. 24.

[0229] FIG. 25 illustrates a form in which a convolution interleaver with N=6 and slope=2 is configured using a larger configurable convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure with max(N) 6 and max(slope) 10.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 25, the output of each row is selected according to the configuration of the required interleaver. For example, the first row can directly output the input, the second row can output the value of the second shift register, the third row can output the value of the fourth shift register, the fourth row can output the value of the sixth shift register, the fifth row can output the value of the eighth shift register, and the sixth row can output the value of the tenth shift register.

[0231] FIG. 26 illustrates a configuration of a convolutional deinterleaver with N=6 and slope=2 using a configurable convolutional interleaver / deinterleaver structure.

[0232] Referring to FIG. 26, the output of each row is selected according to the configuration of the required deinterleaver. For example, the first row can be output to the value of the 10th shift register, the second row to the value of the 8th shift register, and the third row to the value of the 6th shift register.

[0233] The minimum distance of the convolution interleaver / deinterleaver with N=6 and slope=2 is min(N, Nxslope-1) = min(6, 6x2-1) = 6 in Equation 1, which can be verified in the interleaver output of Fig. 25. In addition, the delay time is N x (N-1) x slope = 6x(6-1)x2 = 60 in Equation 2, which can be verified in the deinterleaver output of Fig. 26.

[0234] As seen in the examples above, by using the convolution interleaver / deinterleaver structure presented in this disclosure, convolution interleaver parameters such as 1) the number of rows (N) and 2) the register length step (slope) can be adjusted to change a) the performance of the interleaver (minimum distance of interleaved bits) and b) the latency.

[0235] For real-time services such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and extended reality, where latency is the most critical factor, convolution interleaver parameters can be adjusted to reduce latency. For services where reliability is critical, such as telemedicine, convolution interleaver parameters (hereinafter referred to as interleaver parameters) can be adjusted to improve the performance of the convolution interleaver, that is, to increase the minimum distance of interleaved bits.

[0236] Figure 27 illustrates a procedure for adjusting convolution interleaver parameters according to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the service.

[0237] Referring to FIG. 27, when a service change occurs at the terminal during data communication (S271) between the base station and the terminal (S272), the terminal sends a “Service change request” message to the base station (S273).

[0238] The base station determines / selects (S274) downlink interleaver parameters and uplink interleaver parameters that satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the requested service, and transmits an “Interleaver parameter change request” message to the terminal (S275). The downlink interleaver parameters and uplink interleaver parameters may be independent of each other depending on the QoS requirements of the service. The downlink interleaver parameters and uplink interleaver parameters may be related to the aforementioned convolution interleaver. That is, at least one of the convolution interleaver parameters used for the downlink and the convolution interleaver parameters used for the uplink may be determined / selected and transmitted to the terminal.

[0239] When the terminal receives an “Interleaver parameter change request” message, it transmits an “Interleaver parameter change response” message to the base station in response (S276). For example, the terminal can notify the base station through the Interleaver parameter change response that it has received the convolutional interleaver parameter included in the Interleaver parameter change request message.

[0240] When the base station receives an “Interleaver parameter change response” message, it can change the downlink interleaver parameter and the uplink interleaver parameter (S277) and then perform data communication (S278).

[0241] The base station can include downlink interleaver parameters and uplink interleaver parameters in the DCI (Downlink control information) of the control channel during the data communication process and notify the terminal.

[0242] Figure 28 illustrates a slot structure.

[0243] Referring to FIG. 28, the slot may be a self-contained structure that includes both a control information portion (control area) and a data portion (data area). In this case, the base station can transmit DCI through the control information portion.

[0244] For the procedure of the present disclosure, the DCI may include at least one of the interleaver parameter information in the following table.

[0245] [Table 6]

[0246]

[0247] FIG. 29 illustrates the operation between a base station and a terminal.

[0248] Referring to FIG. 29, the base station can obtain the downlink interleaver parameters and uplink interleaver parameters supported by the terminal in advance through the UE capability Enquiry procedure during the initial communication setup process.

[0249] During the initial communication setup process, the base station sends a “UE capability Enquiry” message to the terminal.

[0250] The terminal transmits a “UE capability information” message to the base station in response to the “Terminal capability inquiry” message.

[0251] Conventionally, “UE capability information” included information related to the terminal’s capability, such as the frequency band supported by the terminal, the transmission power class (Tx power class), and the type of channel decoder supported; however, in the present disclosure, information on interleaver parameters supported by the terminal is added to the “UE capability information” message and notified to the base station.

[0252] At least one of the interleaver parameter information as shown in the following table may be added to the “terminal capability information” message.

[0253] [Table 7]

[0254]

[0255] The range of the maximum number of rows and the maximum register step size can be determined by the QoS requirements of the service provided by the communication system.

[0256] FIG. 30 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 30, a terminal (user equipment: UE) receives a UE capability enquiry message from a network, wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request radio access capabilities of the terminal (S3010).

[0258] The terminal provides terminal capability information to the network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to convey the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network (S3020). The terminal capability information may be transmitted / provided from the terminal to the network in response to a terminal capability inquiry. The terminal capability information (UE capability information) may include, for example, interleaver parameter information supported by the terminal.

[0259] The terminal transmits a service change request message to the network (S3030). The base station determines / judges / selects interleaver parameters that satisfy the QoS requirements of the requested service change, and transmits an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal.

[0260] A terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from a network, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message (S3040). The interleaver parameters may be the aforementioned convolution interleaver parameters.

[0261] As described with reference to FIG. 16, the interleaver parameters may include the number of rows of the interleaver (N, where N is a natural number) and the register length step of the interleaver (which may be called a slope or register step). The interleaver may be a convolution interleaver.

[0262] The performance and delay time of the interleaver may be changed by the above interleaver parameters.

[0263] For example, for a service where latency is the most critical factor, such as a real-time service, the interleaver parameter change request message includes first interleaver parameters that reduce the latency of the interleaver.

[0264] For example, the delay time of the interleaver can be determined by the equation: delay time of interleaver = NX (N-1) X slope, where N is the number of rows of the interleaver (N is a natural number) and the register length step is the slope.

[0265] On the other hand, for services where reliability is the most critical factor, such as telemedicine, the interleaver parameter change request message includes second interleaver parameters that enhance the performance of the interleaver. The performance of the interleaver can be determined based on the interleaved bit minimum distance.

[0266] The minimum distance of the interleaved bits can be determined by the equation: minimum distance of interleaved bits = min(N, NX slope - 1), where N is the number of rows of the interleaver (N is a natural number) and the register length step is the slope.

[0267] The above interleaver parameters may include at least one of the number of downlink rows, the size of the downlink register length step, the number of uplink rows, and the size of the uplink register length step.

[0268] In response to the interleaver parameter change request message, the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network (S3050). For example, the terminal may inform the base station through the interleaver parameter change response that it has received the convolution interleaver parameter included in the interleaver parameter change request message or that it subsequently applies the convolution interleaver parameter.

[0269] When the base station receives an “Interleaver parameter change response” message, it can perform data communication with the terminal by applying the convolution interleaver parameters.

[0270] Conventional convolution interleavers have fixed parameters, such as the number of rows (N) and the register length slope, making it difficult to modify them according to services with various QoS requirements. In contrast, the convolution interleaver according to the present disclosure allows the said parameters to be modified according to the QoS requirements of the service being used by the user. For example, in the case of a service where latency is critical, the values ​​of the number of rows (N) and the register length slope parameters of the convolution interleaver can be reduced to decrease latency, and in the case of a service where reliability is critical, the values ​​of the number of rows (N) and the register length slope parameters of the convolution interleaver can be increased to improve interleaving performance. Therefore, the convolution interleaver according to the present disclosure can meet various service qualities required by various services.

[0271] Figure 31 illustrates a method of operation from the perspective of a base station.

[0272] Referring to FIG. 31, the base station (network) receives a service change request message from the terminal (S311).

[0273] The base station determines / judges / selects interleaver parameters that satisfy the QoS requirements of the service for which a change request was received (S312), and the base station sends an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal (S313).

[0274] As described above, the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0275] The base station receives an interleaver parameter change response message from the terminal, which is a response to the interleaver parameter change request message (S314).

[0276] After that, the base station applies the changed interleaver parameters and communicates with the terminal (S315).

[0277] FIG. 32 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 32, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0279] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0280] At least one processor (102) can perform the following operations by executing instructions contained in at least one memory. The operations include: an operation in which a terminal receives a terminal capability inquiry message from a network, wherein the terminal capability inquiry message is a message used to request the wireless access capabilities of the terminal; an operation in which the terminal provides terminal capability information to the network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network; an operation in which the terminal transmits a service change request message to the network; an operation in which the terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the network; and an operation in which the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0281] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0282] At least one processor (202) can perform the following operations by executing instructions contained in at least one memory. The operations include: an operation in which a network transmits a terminal capability inquiry message to a terminal, wherein the terminal capability inquiry message is a message used to request the wireless access capabilities of the terminal; an operation in which the network receives terminal capability information from the terminal, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network; an operation in which the network receives a service change request message from the terminal; an operation in which the network transmits an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal; and an operation in which the network receives an interleaver parameter change response message from the terminal, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0283] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0284] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). One or more processors (102, 202) may also be implemented as at least one computer-readable medium (CRM) containing instructions based on being executed by at least one processor.

[0285] For example, each method described in FIGS. 16 to 31 may be performed by at least one computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising an instruction based on execution by at least one processor. The operations performed by the above CRM include: an operation in which a terminal receives a terminal capability inquiry message from a network, wherein the terminal capability inquiry message is a message used to request the wireless access capabilities of the terminal; an operation in which the terminal provides terminal capability information to the network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network; an operation in which the terminal transmits a service change request message to the network; an operation in which the terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the network; and an operation in which the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein the interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the service change request message.

[0286] The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0287] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0288] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0289] FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a signal processing module structure. Here, signal processing may be performed in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 32.

[0290] Referring to FIG. 33, a transmission device (e.g., a processor, a processor and memory, or a processor and a transceiver) within a terminal or base station may include a scrambler (301), a modulator (302), a layer mapper (303), an antenna port mapper (304), a resource block mapper (305), and a signal generator (306).

[0291] The transmission device can transmit one or more codewords. Each coded bit within a codeword is scrambled by a scrambler (301) and transmitted over a physical channel. A codeword may be referred to as a data sequence and may be equivalent to a transmission block, which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.

[0292] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by a modulator (302). The modulator (302) can modulate the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange them into complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. There are no restrictions on the modulation scheme, and m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying) or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., may be used for modulating the encoded data. The modulator may be referred to as a modulation mapper.

[0293] The complex modulation symbols above can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (303). The complex modulation symbols on each layer can be mapped by an antenna port mapper (304) for transmission on an antenna port.

[0294] The resource block mapper (305) can map complex modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate resource elements within a virtual resource block allocated for transmission. The resource block mapper can map the virtual resource block to a physical resource block according to an appropriate mapping scheme. The resource block mapper (305) can assign complex modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex them according to the user.

[0295] The signal generator (306) can generate a complex-valued time domain OFDM symbol signal by modulating a complex modulation symbol for each antenna port, for example, an antenna-specific symbol, using a specific modulation method, for example, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The signal generator can perform an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the antenna-specific symbol, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) can be inserted into the time domain symbol after the IFFT is performed. The OFDM symbol is transmitted to a receiving device through each transmitting antenna after undergoing digital-to-analog conversion, frequency uplink conversion, etc. The signal generator may include an IFFT module, a CP inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0296] FIG. 34 illustrates another example of a signal processing module structure within a transmission device. Here, signal processing can be performed in a processor of a terminal / base station, such as the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 32.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 34, a transmission device (e.g., a processor, a processor and memory, or a processor and a transceiver) within a terminal or base station may include a scrambler (401), a modulator (402), a layer mapper (403), a precoder (404), a resource block mapper (405), and a signal generator (406).

[0298] For one codeword, the transmission device can scramble the coded bits within the codeword by the scrambler (401) and then transmit them through the physical channel.

[0299] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex modulation symbols by a modulator (402). The modulator may modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange them into complex modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. There are no restrictions on the modulation scheme, and pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., may be used for modulating the encoded data.

[0300] The complex modulation symbol can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper (403).

[0301] Complex modulation symbols on each layer can be precoded by a precoder (404) for transmission on an antenna port. Here, the precoder may perform precoding after performing transform precoding on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder may perform precoding without performing transform precoding. The precoder (404) may process the complex modulation symbols in a MIMO manner according to multiple transmission antennas to output antenna-specific symbols and distribute the antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper (405). The output z of the precoder (404) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (403) by an N-X-M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of layers.

[0302] The resource block mapper (405) maps the demodulation modulation symbol for each antenna port to the appropriate resource element within the virtual resource block allocated for transmission.

[0303] The resource block mapper (405) can assign complex modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex them according to the user.

[0304] The signal generator (406) can generate a complex-valued time domain Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol signal by modulating a complex modulated symbol using a specific modulation method, such as OFDM. The signal generator (406) can perform an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on an antenna-specific symbol, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) can be inserted into the time domain symbol after the IFFT is performed. The OFDM symbol is transmitted to a receiving device through each transmitting antenna after undergoing digital-to-analog conversion, frequency uplink conversion, etc. The signal generator (406) may include an IFFT module, a CP inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0305] The signal processing process of the receiving device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process of the transmitter. Specifically, the processor of the receiving device performs decoding and demodulation for a wireless signal received from the outside through the antenna port(s) of the transmitter and receiver. The receiving device may include multiple receiving antennas, and each signal received through the receiving antennas is restored to a baseband signal, then undergoes multiplexing and MIMO demodulation to be restored to the data sequence that the transmitting device originally intended to transmit. The receiving device (1820) may include a signal restorer for restoring the received signal to a baseband signal, a multiplexer for combining and multiplexing the received processed signals, and a channel demodulator for demodulating the multiplexed signal sequence into the corresponding codeword. The signal restorer, multiplexer, and channel demodulator may be configured as a single integrated module or as separate independent modules that perform their functions. More specifically, the signal restorer may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal into a digital signal, a CP remover that removes CP from the digital signal, an FFT module that applies a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the signal from which CP has been removed to output a frequency domain symbol, and a resource element demapper / equalizer that restores the frequency domain symbol to an antenna-specific symbol. The antenna-specific symbol is restored to a transport layer by a multiplexer, and the transport layer is restored to a codeword that the transmitting device intended to transmit by a channel demodulator.

[0306] FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0307] Referring to FIG. 35, a wireless communication device, for example, a terminal, may include at least one of a processor (2310), such as a digital signal processor (DSP) or a microprocessor, a transceiver (2335), a power management module (2305), an antenna (2340), a battery (2355), a display (2315), a keypad (2320), a Global Positioning System (GPS) chip (2360), a sensor (2365), a memory (2330), a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card (2325), a speaker (2345), and a microphone (2350). The antenna and the processor may be multiple.

[0308] The processor (2310) can implement the functions, procedures, and methods described in this specification. The processor (2310) of FIG. 35 may be the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 32.

[0309] The memory (2330) is connected to the processor (2310) and stores information related to the operation of the processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and may be connected to the processor through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections. The memory (2330) of FIG. 35 may be the memory (104, 204) of FIG. 32.

[0310] The user can input various types of information, such as phone numbers, using various techniques, such as pressing a button on the keypad (2320) or using a microphone (2350) to activate sound. The processor (2310) receives and processes the user's information and can perform appropriate functions, such as making a call to the input phone number. In some scenarios, data may be retrieved from a SIM card (2325) or memory (2330) to perform appropriate functions. In some scenarios, the processor (2310) can display various types of information and data on a display (2315) for the user's convenience.

[0311] A transceiver (2335) is connected to a processor (2310) to transmit and / or receive a wireless signal, such as a Radio Frequency (RF) signal. The processor may control the transceiver to initiate communication or to transmit a wireless signal containing various types of information or data, such as voice communication data. The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. An antenna (2340) may facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless signals. In some embodiments, when the transceiver receives a wireless signal, it may forward and convert the signal to a baseband frequency for processing by the processor. The processed signal may be processed by various techniques, such as being converted into audible or readable information to be output through a speaker (2345). The transceiver of FIG. 35 may be the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 32.

[0312] Although not illustrated in FIG. 35, various components such as a camera and a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port may be additionally included in the terminal. For example, the camera may be connected to the processor (2310).

[0313] FIG. 35 is merely one example of an implementation of a terminal, and is not limited thereto. The terminal is not required to include all the elements of FIG. 35. For example, some components, such as a keypad (2320), a Global Positioning System (GPS) chip (2360), a sensor (2365), a SIM card (2325), etc., may not be essential and, in this case, may not be included in the terminal.

[0314] Figure 36 illustrates another example of a wireless device.

[0315] According to FIG. 36, the wireless device may include at least one processor (102, 202), at least one memory (104, 204), at least one transceiver (106, 206), and one or more antennas (108, 208).

[0316] The difference between the example of the wireless device described in FIG. 32 and the example of the wireless device in FIG. 36 is that in FIG. 32, the processor (102, 202) and the memory (104, 204) are separated, whereas in the example of FIG. 36, the memory (104, 204) is included in the processor (102, 202). For example, the processor and the memory may form a single chipset.

[0317] FIG. 37 illustrates a communication system (1) applicable to the present specification.

[0318] Referring to FIG. 37, the communication system (1) to which the present specification applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0319] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0320] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0321] Meanwhile, NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0322] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change; for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 8 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean the “sub 6GHz range” and FR2 may mean the “above 6GHz range” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0323] [Table 8]

[0324]

[0325] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 9 below. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0326] [Table 9]

[0327]

[0328] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

The method is, A terminal (user equipment: UE) receives a UE capability enquiry message from a network, wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above terminal provides terminal capability information to the above network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the above terminal requested by the above network, and The above terminal sends a service change request message to the above network, and The above terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the above network, and In response to the above interleaver parameter change request message, the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network, A method characterized in that the above-described interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above-described service change request message. A method according to claim 1, wherein the interleaver parameters include the number of rows of the interleaver and the register length step of the interleaver. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the performance and delay time of the interleaver are changed by the interleaver parameters. In claim 1, for a real-time service, the interleaver parameter change request message includes first interleaver parameters that reduce the delay time of the interleaver, and A method characterized in that, for a service where reliability is important, the request message for changing the interleaver parameters includes second interleaver parameters that enhance the performance of the interleaver. In claim 4, the delay time of the interleaver is given by the equation, where N is the number of rows of the interleaver (N is a natural number) and the register length step is the slope. Interleaver delay time = NX(N-1) X slope A method characterized by being judged as such. A method according to claim 4, wherein the performance of the interleaver is determined based on the minimum distance of the interleaved bit. In claim 6, the minimum distance of the interleaved bit is, Let N be the number of rows of the above interleaver (N is a natural number) and let the register length step be the slope, then equation Minimum distance of interleaved bits = min(N, NX slope - 1) A method characterized by being judged as such. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the interleaver is a conbulution interleaver. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interleaver parameter change request message is received via downlink control information (DCI). In claim 1, the interleaver parameters are A method characterized by including at least one of the number of downlink rows, the size of the downlink register length step, the number of uplink rows, and the size of the uplink register length step. The terminal (User Equipment; UE) is, At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and at least one processor operating in combination with the above-mentioned at least one transceiver and the above-mentioned at least one memory; comprising, The above at least one memory includes instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, wherein The above operations are The above terminal receives a UE capability enquiry message from a network, wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above terminal provides terminal capability information to the above network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the above terminal requested by the above network, and The above terminal sends a service change request message to the above network, and The above terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the above network, and In response to the above interleaver parameter change request message, the terminal transmits an interleaver parameter change response message to the network, A terminal characterized in that the above interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above service change request message. A terminal according to claim 11, wherein the interleaver parameters include the number of rows of the interleaver and the register length step of the interleaver. A terminal according to claim 12, characterized in that the performance and delay time of the interleaver are changed by the interleaver parameters. In claim 11, for a real-time service, the interleaver parameter change request message includes first interleaver parameters that reduce the delay time of the interleaver, and A terminal characterized in that, for a service where reliability is important, the request message for changing the interleaver parameters includes second interleaver parameters that enhance the performance of the interleaver. In claim 14, the delay time of the interleaver is given by the equation, where N (N is a natural number) is the number of rows of the interleaver and the register length step is the slope. Interleaver delay time = NX(N-1) X slope A terminal characterized by being judged as such. A terminal according to claim 14, characterized in that the performance of the interleaver is determined based on the minimum distance of the interleaved bit. In claim 16, the minimum distance of the interleaved bit is, Let N be the number of rows of the above interleaver (N is a natural number) and let the register length step be the slope, then equation Minimum distance of interleaved bits = min(N, NX slope - 1) A terminal characterized by being judged as such. A terminal according to claim 12, characterized in that the interleaver is a conbulution interleaver. A terminal according to claim 11, characterized in that the interleaver parameter change request message is received via downlink control information (DCI). In claim 11, the interleaver parameters are A terminal characterized by including at least one of the number of downlink rows, the size of the downlink register length step, the number of uplink rows, and the size of the uplink register length step. In terms of method, A network transmits a UE capability enquiry message to a terminal (user equipment: UE), wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above network receives terminal capability information from the terminal, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network, and The above network receives a service change request message from the terminal, and The above network sends an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal, and The network receives an interleaver parameter change response message from the terminal, which is a response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein A method characterized in that the above-described interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above-described service change request message. The base station is, At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and at least one processor operating in combination with the above-mentioned at least one transceiver and the above-mentioned at least one memory; comprising, The above at least one memory includes instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, wherein The above operations are A network transmits a UE capability enquiry message to a terminal (user equipment: UE), wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above network receives terminal capability information from the terminal, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the terminal requested by the network, and The above network receives a service change request message from the terminal, and The above network sends an interleaver parameter change request message to the terminal, and The network receives an interleaver parameter change response message from the terminal, which is a response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein A base station characterized in that the above interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above service change request message. In at least one computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that are executed by at least one processor and cause said at least one processor to perform operations, The above operations are A terminal receives a UE capability enquiry message from a network, wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above terminal provides terminal capability information to the above network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the above terminal requested by the above network, and The above terminal sends a service change request message to the above network, and The above terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the above network, and The operation includes the terminal transmitting an interleaver parameter change response message to the network in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein At least one computer-readable storage medium characterized in that the above interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above service change request message. A device operating in a wireless communication system is At least one memory; and At least one processor that operates in combination with the above at least one memory; comprising, The above at least one memory includes instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, wherein The above operations are A terminal receives a UE capability enquiry message from a network, wherein the UE capability enquiry message is a message used to request the radio access capabilities of the terminal, and The above terminal provides terminal capability information to the above network, wherein the terminal capability information is a message used to transmit the wireless access capabilities of the above terminal requested by the above network, and The above terminal sends a service change request message to the above network, and The above terminal receives an interleaver parameter change request message from the above network, and The operation includes the terminal transmitting an interleaver parameter change response message to the network in response to the interleaver parameter change request message, wherein A device characterized in that the above interleaver parameter change request message includes interleaver parameters that satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of a specific service requested by the above service change request message.

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