User equipment initiated beam report for artificial intelligence / machine learning model-based beam management

Abstract

Systems and methods for user equipment (UE) initiated beam reporting for artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) based beam management are discussed herein. For example, a UE may measure reference signals transmitted by a wireless network on a set B of beams used for prediction to generate measurement values for the set B of beams. Then, the UE may process, using an AI / ML model, the measurement values to generate a plurality of predicted Layer 1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) values for a set A of predicted beams and identify a beam reporting event corresponding to one or more of a first measurement value for a current beam and a first predicted L1-RSRP value. In response to determining that the beam reporting event has occurred, the UE may transmit a report comprising beam information for a number of best beams identified using the predicted L1-RSRP values.

Description

USER EQUIPMENT INITIATED BEAM REPORT FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE / MACHINE LEARNING MODEL-BASED BEAM MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including the wireless communication systems implementing event-based beam management based on artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model generated predicted beam measurements.BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a base station and a wireless communication device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G). 3GPP New Radio (NR) (e.g., 5G), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as Wi-Fi®).

[0003] As contemplated by the 3GPP, different wireless communication systems' standards and protocols can use various radio access networks (RANs) for communicating between a base station of the RAN (which may also sometimes be referred to generally as a RAN node, a network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device known as a user equipment (UE). 3GPP RANs can include, for example. Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and / or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN).

[0004] Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the base station and the UE. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE), and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR). In1P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.

[0005] A base station used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. One example of an E-UTRAN base station is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E- UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB). One example of an NG-RAN base station is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB).

[0006] A RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN). For example, E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC).

[0007] Frequency bands for 5G NR may be separated into two or more different frequency ranges. For example. Frequency Range 1 (FR1) may include frequency bands operating in sub-6 gigahertz (GHz) frequencies, some of which are bands that may be used by previous standards, and may potentially be extended to cover new spectrum offerings from 410 megahertz (MHz) to 7125 MHz. Frequency Range 2 (FR2) may include frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. Note that in some systems, FR2 may also include frequency bands from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz (or beyond). Bands in the millimeter wave (mmWave) range of FR2 may have smaller coverage but potentially higher available bandwidth than bands in FR1. Skilled persons will recognize these frequency ranges, which are provided by way of example, may change from time to time or from region to region.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates examples of beam management procedures.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram showing set A beams and set B beams, where set B beams includes larger beams than the set A beams.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram showing set A beams and set B beams that are subsampled from the set A beams.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a beam reporting event for BM-Casel, according to embodiments herein.2P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a beam reporting event for BM-Case2, according to embodiments herein.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for a UE, according to embodiments herein.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments disclosed herein.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates a system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to embodiments disclosed herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Various embodiments are described with regard to a UE. However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.

[0018] In some wireless communication systems, it may be beneficial to specify enhancement(s) to facilitate UE-initiated / event-driven beam management for reducing overhead and / or latency, assuming a use of a unified transmission configuration indication (TCI) mechanism while leveraging current channel state information (CSI) measurement and reporting configuration frameworks. Further, it may be beneficial to target FR2 and single-transmission-reception point (sTRP) with intra-cell and inter-cell beam management. For example, it may be beneficial to specify uplink (UL) signaling content(s) (and procedure(s)) for UE-initiated / event-driven beam reporting facilitating fast beam switching. Also, a UL signaling medium / container considering the UE- initiated / event-driven nature of the UL transmission and that is designed primarily for the purpose of beam reporting may be further considered. It may be beneficial to identify event definitions, measurement resource configurations for a current beam and for a new beam, and / or details for a UL report which may include, for example, uplink control information (UCI) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) details, details for a procedure to acquire UL resources to send a report (e.g., dynamic grant or configured grant physical uplink shared channel (CG-PUSCH)), and / or details for a UL report format.3P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0019] Further, in some wireless communication systems, beam management including downlink (DL) transmit (Tx) beam prediction for both UE-sided artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) models and network-sided AI / ML models may be considered. For example, spatial -domain DL Tx beam predictions for a set A of beams based on measurement results of a set B of beams (i.e., “BM-CaseT’) are considered. Temporal DL Tx beam prediction for a set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of a set B of beams (i.e.. “BM-Case2”) are also considered. Signaling / mechanism(s) to facilitate life cycle management (LCM) operations specific to the beam management use cases, if any, may be contemplated. Additionally, method(s) to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding network-sided additional conditions (if identified) for inference at the UE may be contemplated. Note that a common framework design to support both BM-Casel and BM-Case2 may be considered. In both BM-Casel and BM-Case2, a UE may identify a number K of predicted best Tx-Rx beam pairs that correspond to the highest reference signal strengths among the Tx-Rx beam pairs. The value of K may be (e.g., previously) configured to the UE by the base station, or may be pre-configured per a specification for the type of wireless communication system of the base station and the UE. Example values for K include 2, 4, 8, etc. With respect to aspects of the disclosure herein, such a number K of predicted best Tx-Rx beam pairs may sometimes be more simply referred to as the “top- K beams.”

[0020] Further, it may be beneficial to identify details on data collection for training, inference, performance monitoring, UE reporting for inference reporting (e.g., a set A beam report), details on an association identifier (ID) to ensure consistency, and / or details on a performance monitoring procedure.

[0021] In some wireless communication mechanisms, for AI / ML model-based beam management UL reporting, various options with respect to content in a report of inference results may be supported for a UE-sided AI / ML model, at least for BM-Casel. In some cases, beam information on predicted top-AT beam(s) among a set of beams may be supported (“Option 1”). In some other cases, beam information on predicted top-AT beam(s) among a set of beams and reference signal received power (RSRP) values of predicted top-A' beam(s) among a set of beams may be supported (“Option 2”). Note that the value K may at least equal one (K=l), however a max value for K may be further specified. Additionally, beam information, the definition of predicted top- A" beam(s), the4P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!definition of reported RSRP values when applicable, and other information in the report with potential down selection among the following options may be further specified. In yet some other cases, beam information on predicted top-A? beam(s) among a set of beams and probability information of predicted top-A? beam(s) among a set of beams may be supported (“Option 3”). However, the quantization of probability information may be further specified, and the probability information may be understood as the probability of the beam to be the top-1 in some cases, the probability of the beam to be in the top-A? beams in other cases. In yet some other cases, beam information on predicted top- " beam(s) among a set of beams, RSRP values of predicted top-A? beam(s) among a set of beams, and confidence information of the RSRP values may be supported (“Option 4’"). The definition of the reported RSRP values and the definition and quantization of confidence information may be further specified. Note that other options are not precluded where the set of beams is a set A of beams (beams for which the UE makes its prediction(s)).

[0022] Additionally, for UE-sided AI / ML models for inference, measurement, and / or configuration of the set B of beams , current CSI framework may be utilized.

[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates examples of beam management procedures.

[0024] In some wireless communication systems, NR Uu link beam management may utilize various procedures such as a first procedure (Pl), a second procedure (P2) and a third procedure (P3). Note that the three procedures may be implemented for DL beam management.

[0025] The first procedure 102 (Pl) includes performing beam selection. For example, the base station 108 sweeps transmit-receive point (TRP) beams 112 (performs a beam sweep over the entire cell with the beams 112), and the UE 110 uses the UE beam 114 (e.g., a wide Rx beam) to measure the beams 112. Note that this process can be repeated for more than one UE wide Rx beam (only one such is shown in illustration the first procedure 102). The UE then selects a best (e.g., strongest) measurement and reports the Tx beam corresponding to the selected measurement back to the base station 108.

[0026] The second procedure 104 (P2) includes performing beam refinement for a transmitter (transmitting a base station Tx beam). For example, the base station 108 may refine beams 116 (e.g., sweeping narrower beams over a narrower spatial range) by using channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission in narrower beams around the best beam 112 identified to the base station by the UE in the first procedure5P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!(Pl). Then, the UE 110 may measure these signals using the wide Rx UE beam 114 to report one of the beams 116 corresponding to a best (e.g., strongest) such measurement to the base station 108.

[0027] The third procedure 106 (P3) includes performing beam refinement for the receiver (transmitting a UE Rx beam). The base station 108 may fix a beam 118 selected during the second procedure 104 (transmit the same beam repeatedly, by configuring a CSI-RS transmission with repetition in the best narrow beam reported by the UE 110). This allows the UE 110 to refine its receiver beam. To accomplish this, the UE 110 may perform an Rx beam sweep 120 to find its best Rx beam by measuring the power of the received CSI-RS as transmitted by the base station 108 in each Rx beam. Note that the beams of the Rx beam sweep 120 are not the UE beams 114 used in the first procedure 102 and second procedure 104. No feedback may be transmitted to the base station 108. Particular details for how the UE 110 refines the beam (e.g., beamforming used for the beam sweep 120) may be up to an implementation of the UE.

[0028] Embodiments herein discuss procedures to enable UE initiated / event driven predicted beam reporting using a UE-sided AI / ML model. For example, UE initiated / event driven beam reporting may be extended to cases that use AI / ML model predicted beam measurements. In certain current systems, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism may configure a new reference signal for the UE to measure, before the UE initiated / event driven beam reporting. However, according to embodiments herein, due to using an AI / ML model, a new reference signal for measurement is not needed and the UE may measure the current beams to predict other / future beams’ measurement values (e.g., Layer 1 (Ll)-RSRP value).

[0029] Additionally, embodiments herein relate beam reporting event definitions for BM-Casel and BM-Case2, details for network configuration including uses of an association ID, details on measurement reference signals, and details on reporting resources. Further, embodiments herein introduce details for UL reporting.

[0030] As an example, a set A may be understood to correspond to a prediction beam set from which beams are to ultimately be selected / predicted. A set B may be understood to correspond to a measurement beam set of beams that are measured to make predictions / selections with respect to the set A beams.

[0031] In some cases, the set B beams are larger beams that each cover multiple of the set A beams. FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram 200 showing set A beams 202 (beams 1-32)6P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!and set B beams 204 (a first larger beam covering beams 1, 2, 9. and 10 from the set A beams 202; a second larger beam covering beams 3, 4, 11, and 12 from the set A beams 202, etc.). In some such cases, performing beam measurement on the set B beams may be based on the first procedure discussed herein (using a synchronization signal block (SSB) wide beam). In some instances, the predicted beam measurements (for the set A beams) may be used in the second procedure (P2) and the third procedure (P3) discussed herein for additional narrow beam fine tuning.

[0032] In some cases, the set B beams are sub-sampled ones of the set A beams (e.g., fewer than all the set A beams). FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram 300 showing set A beams 302 (beams 1-32) and set B beams 304 (beams 1. 3, 5, 7. 18. 20. 22. and 24) that are subsampled from the set A beams 302.

[0033] Note that in cases under discussion, aspects such as beam width, beam direction, 3 decibel (dB) gain, etc., as may relate to the beams being used may not be known to the UE.

[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a beam reporting event for BM-Casel, according to embodiments herein.

[0035] For BM-Casel, a spatial domain DL Tx beam prediction for set A of beams based on measurement results of a Set B of beams may be supported.

[0036] In some embodiments, for BM-Casel, beam reporting events related to the top- K beams when predicted beam indexes and predicted Ll-RSRP values are reported to the network may take various forms. Note that the predicted beam indexes and predicted Ll- RSRP values correspond to the top-A beams in such cases.

[0037] For example, in some cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam (e.g., in terms of a measured Ll-RSRP value) does not meet a certain threshold. In some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted beam (e.g., predicted Ll-RSRP value) meets a certain threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the uality of the current beam does not meet a first threshold, and the quality of at least one of the predicted beams meets a second threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the difference of at least one of the predicted beams and the current beam measurements meets a threshold.

[0038] In yet some other cases, as illustrated in FIG. 4. the beam reporting event may be that the qualify of at least one predicted beam’s predicted Ll -RSRP (predicted beam7P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!measurement 404) becomes a threshold value greater than a measurement value of a reference signal (current beam measurement 402) derived from the activated TCI state with the AA-th best quality (TCI state with a top percentile of quality of all the TCI states). Note that the value AT may be configured by radio resource control (RRC) messaging.

[0039] In some embodiments, for BM-Casel, a beam reporting event related to the top- K beams, when beam indexes are reported to the network, may be that the current beam (or measurement value of the current beam) is not in the predicted top-A? beams set (set of predicted values corresponding to the predicted top-A' beams) (e.g., for the second procedure discussed herein). Note that the reported beam indexes correspond to the top- K beams.

[0040] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a beam reporting event for BM-Case2, according to embodiments herein.

[0041] For BM-Case2, a temporal DL Tx beam prediction for set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of set B of beams may be supported. Note that the set A of beams and the set B of beams can be the same set of beams, or the set A of beams may be part of a larger set of beams as in BM-Casel.

[0042] In some embodiments, for BM-Case2, beam reporting events related to the top- K beams may take various forms when a predicted beam indexes and predicted Ll-RSRP values are reported to the network, and where the predicted beam measurements are predicted at a nearest future time instance (e.g., time instance T+l 510 if the beam is measured at time instance T 508). Further note that the predicted beam indexes and predicted Ll-RSRP values correspond to the top-A? beams.

[0043] For example, in some cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam (e.g., measured Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a beam of the set B measurement beams 502 currently being used) does not meet a certain threshold. In some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted nearest future beam (predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the set A predicted beams 504 predicted at time instance T+l 510) meets a certain threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam does not meet a first threshold, and the quality of at least one of the predicted nearest future beams meets a second threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the difference of at least one of the predicted nearest future beams8P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!and the current beam meets a threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted nearest future beam becomes a threshold value greater than a measurement value of a reference signal derived from the activated TCI state with the M-th best quality. Note that Al may be configured by RRC messaging.

[0044] In some embodiments, for BM-Case2, beam reporting events related to the top- K beams may take various forms when predicted beam indexes predicted at the nearest future time instance are reported to the network. For example, a beam reporting event may be that the current beam (or current beam measurement value) is not in the predicted top-A? beams set (at the nearest time instance T+l 510) (or set of measurement values corresponding to the top- T beams set) (e.g., in the second procedure discussed herein). Note that the predicted beam indexes correspond to the top-AT beams.

[0045] In some embodiments, for BM-Case2, beam reporting events related to top-A? beams may take various forms when predicted beam indexes and predicted Ll-RSRP values are reported, and in cases where the beams are predicted at multiple future time instances (e.g., time instance T+l 510, time instance T+2 512, time instance T+3 514, ..., if the beam is measured at time instance T 508). Further note that the predicted beam indexes and the predicted Ll -RSRP values correspond to the top-A beams. In some cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam (e.g., measured Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a beam of the set B measurement beams 502) does not meet a certain threshold. In some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted beam out of any future time instances (predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the set A predicted beams 504 predicted at any one of the future time instances such as at time instance T+l 510, at time instance T+2 512, or at time instance T+3 514) meets a certain threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted beam of all future times instances (at least one predicted Ll-RSRP value of all of the future time instances such as at time instance T+l 510, at time instance T+2 512, and at time instance T+3 514) meets a certain threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam does not meet a first threshold, and quality of at least one of the predicted beams out of any future time instances meets a second threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the current beam does not meet a first threshold, and the quality of at least one of the predicted beams of9P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!all future time instances meets a second threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality’ of the difference of at least one of the predicted future beams of any time instance and the current beam meets a threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of the difference of at least one of the predicted future beams of all time instances and the current beam meets a threshold. In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted nearest future beam of any time instance becomes a threshold value greater than a measurement value of a reference signal derived from the activated TCI state with the / W-th best quality7(where M may be configured by RRC messaging). In yet some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the quality of at least one predicted nearest future beam of all time instances becomes a threshold value greater than a measurement value of a reference signal derived from the activated TCI state with the Af-th best quality (again, where AT may be configured by RRC messaging).

[0046] In some embodiments, for BM-Case2, beam reporting events related to top-Ai beams may take various forms when predicted beam indexes are reported, and where the beams are predicted for multiple future time instances (e.g., time instance T+l 510, time instance T+2 512, time instance T+3 514, ... ). Note that the predicted beam indexes 506 correspond to the top-Al beams. In some cases, the beam reporting event may be that the current beam (or measurement value corresponding to a beam of the set B measurement beams 502) is not in the predicted top-Ai beams set (or set of measurement values corresponding to the top-AT beams) of any one-time instance (e.g., for the second procedure discussed herein). In some other cases, the beam reporting event may be that the current beam (or measurement value corresponding to a beam of the set B measurement beams 502) is not in the predicted top-AT beams set of all the time instances (or set of measurement values corresponding to the top-AT beams) (e.g., for the second procedure discussed herein).

[0047] In some embodiments, an RRC configuration of reference signals to be measured may be introduced. For example, a reference signal ty pe for a set B measurement (for AI / ML model input) may be introduced. In some cases, an SSB reference signal type may be used for wide beam measurement purposes. In other cases, a CSI-RS reference signal type may be used for down-sampled narrow beam measurement purposes. Additionally, a use of reference signal type configuration for the set A prediction beams for reporting purposes may be introduced. Note that this10P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!reference signal may be configured for reporting. In some examples, a reference signal resource set configuration may be used for data collection for training or performance monitoring.

[0048] Additionally, a mechanism for configuration of a reference signal type for a current beam may be introduced. The reference signal type for a current beam may be implicitly derived from a quasi-colocation (QCL) reference signal of indicated TCI state(s) or from an SSB which is QCLed with the QCL reference signal in the indicated TCI state. The reference signal ty pe can be explicitly configured by RRC or by a MAC CE.

[0049] In some embodiments, details for UL reporting may be introduced to enable UE initiated / event driven predicted beam reporting using a UE-sided AI / ML model. In some examples, both mode A and mode B may be used for the UL reporting. In mode A, the UL report is dynamically scheduled by UCI. The UE may transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to request a resource (e.g., for a second / an other UL channel) to earn7the beam report. In some instances, it may be that additional bits are added to existing UE-initiated report PUCCH designs to facilitate the request. In some other instances, a new UCI type may be configured for AI / ML based beam prediction / reporting and that can be used to make the request.

[0050] In some examples, the UE may detect a DCI format that indicates a resource for a second UL channel to carry an AI / ML triggered (by beam reporting events discussed herein) beam report. Then, the UE may correspondingly send the beam report on the second UL channel. The beam report may include, for example, a beam reporting event ID, a predicted beam ID, a predicted Ll-RSRP value, and / or the current beam measured Ll-RSRP value.

[0051] In mode B, the UE may transmit a PUCCH to indicate that the second UL channel will carry an event-driven beam report. In some instances, additional bits may be added to existing UE-initiated report PUCCH designs to facilitate this indication. In some other instances, a separate PUCCH design for AI / ML event-based reporting may be introduced. Then, the UE may correspondingly send the beam report on the second UL channel. The beam report may include, for example, an event ID, a predicted beam ID, a predicted Ll-RSRP value, and / or the current beam measured Ll-RSRP value.

[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 for a UE, according to embodiments herein.11P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0053] The illustrated method 600 includes measuring 602 reference signals transmitted by a wireless network on a set B of beams used for prediction to generate measurement values for the set B of beams. The method 600 further includes processing 604, using an AI / ML model, the measurement values to generate a plurality of predicted Ll-RSRP values for a set A of predicted beams at the wireless network. The method 600 further includes identifying 606 a beam reporting event corresponding to one or more of a first measurement value for a current beam and a first predicted Ll-RSRP value of the predicted Ll-RSRP values. The method 600 further includes, in response to determining that the beam reports event has occurred, transmitting 608, to the wireless network, a report comprising beam information for a number of best beams identified using the predicted Ll-RSRP values for the set A of predicted beams.

[0054] In some embodiments of the method 600, the measurement values comprise measured Ll-RSRP values.

[0055] In some embodiments of the method 600, the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a current time. In some such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value. In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a second threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated TCI state with a best quality. In some other such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index. In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams.

[0056] In some embodiments of the method 600, the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a first nearest future time instance. In some such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value. In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does12P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!not meet a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a second threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated TCI state with a best quality. In some other such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index. In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams.

[0057] In some embodiments of the method 600, the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a plurality of future time instances. In some such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value. In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality7of future time instances for a same beam meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll- RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances meets a second threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality of future time instances for a same beam meet a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future13P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!time instance of the plurality of future time instances meets a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality of future time instances for a same beam meet a threshold. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated TCI state with a best quality. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality of future time instances for a same beam is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated TCI state with a best quality, and wherein the predicted Ll-RSRP values correspond to a same beam across the plurality of future time instances.

[0058] In some other such embodiments, the beam information comprises a beam index.

[0059] In certain such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams corresponding to any of the plurality of future time instances. In certain other such embodiments, the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams corresponding to each of the plurality of future time instances.

[0060] In some embodiments of the method 600, the set B of beams comprises SSB beams.

[0061] In some embodiments of the method 600, the set B of beams comprises CSLRS beams.

[0062] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises receiving, from the wireless network, a reference signal ty pe corresponding to the set A of predicted beams.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises identifying the reference signals by deriving a type of the reference signals based on QCL information of an indicated TCI state.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises receiving, from the wireless network, configuration information identifying the reference signals.14P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0065] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting a request over a PUCCH for a second UL channel used to transmit the report comprising the beam information; receiving, from the wireless network, a DCI format scheduling the second UL channel; and transmitting the report comprising the beam information on the second UL channel.

[0066] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting a request over a PUCCH for a second UL channel used to transmit the report comprising the beam information; and transmitting the report comprising the beam information on the second UL channel.

[0067] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein).

[0068] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein).

[0069] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein).

[0070] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 600. This apparatus may be. for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein).

[0071] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 600.

[0072] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processor is to cause the processor to carry out one or more elements of the method 600. The processor may be a processor of a UE (such as a processor(s) 804 of a wireless15P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!device 802 that is a UE, as described herein). These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory’ of the UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein).

[0073] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system 700, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 700 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards and / or 5G or NR system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.

[0074] As shown by FIG. 7, the wireless communication system 700 includes UE 702 and UE 704 (although any number of UEs may be used). In this example, the UE 702 and the UE 704 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.

[0075] The UE 702 and UE 704 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 706. In embodiments, the RAN 706 may be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 702 and UE 704 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 708 and connection 710, respectively) with the RAN 706, each of which comprises a physical communications interface. The RAN 706 can include one or more base stations (such as base station 712 and base station 714) that enable the connection 708 and connection 710.

[0076] In this example, the connection 708 and connection 710 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling, and may be consistent with RAT(s) used by the RAN 706, such as, for example, an LTE and / or NR.

[0077] In some embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 716. The UE 704 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 718) via connection 720. By way of example, the connection 720 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 718 may comprise a Wi-Fi® router. In this example, the AP 718 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 724.

[0078] In embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 712 and / or the base station 714 over a multicarrier16P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to. an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

[0079] In some embodiments, all or parts of the base station 712 or base station 714 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. In addition, or in other embodiments, the base station 712 or base station 714 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 722. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an LTE system (e.g., when the CN 724 is an EPC), the interface 722 may be an X2 interface. The X2 interface may be defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an NR system (e.g., when CN 724 is a 5GC), the interface 722 may be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more base stations (e.g.. two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to 5GC, between a base station 712 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs connecting to 5GC (e.g., CN 724).

[0080] The RAN 706 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 724. The CN 724 may comprise one or more network elements 726, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 702 and UE 704) who are connected to the CN 724 via the RAN 706. The components of the CN 724 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium).

[0081] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be an EPC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an SI interface 728. In embodiments, the SI interface 728 may be split into two parts, an SI user plane (Sl-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a serving gateway (S-GW), and the SI -MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and mobility management entities (MMEs).17P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0082] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an NG interface 728. In embodiments, the NG interface 728 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a user plane function (UPF), and the SI control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs).

[0083] Generally, an application server 730 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 724 (e.g., packet switched data services). The application server 730 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc.) for the UE 702 and UE 704 via the CN 724. The application server 730 may communicate with the CN 724 through an IP communications interface 732.

[0084] FIG. 8 illustrates a system 800 for performing signaling 834 between a wireless device 802 and a network device 818, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The system 800 may be a portion of a wireless communications system as herein described. The wireless device 802 may be. for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 818 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB) of a wireless communication system.

[0085] The wireless device 802 may include one or more processor(s) 804. The processor(s) 804 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 802 are performed, as described herein. The processor(s) 804 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.

[0086] The wireless device 802 may include a memory 806. The memory 806 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 808 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor(s) 804). The instructions 808 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 806 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor(s) 804.18P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

[0087] The wireless device 802 may include one or more transceiver(s) 810 that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 812 of the wireless device 802 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 834) to and / or from the wireless device 802 with other devices (e.g., the network device 818) according to corresponding RATs.

[0088] The wireless device 802 may include one or more antenna(s) 812 (e.g., one, two, four, or more). For embodiments with multiple antenna(s) 812, the wireless device 802 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna(s) 812 to send and / or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources. This behavior may be referred to as. for example, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect). MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 802 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 802 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna(s) 812 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream). Certain embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi user MIMO (MU- MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain).

[0089] In certain embodiments having multiple antennas, the wireless device 802 may implement analog beamforming techniques, whereby phases of the signals sent by the antenna(s) 812 are relatively adjusted such that the (joint) transmission of the antenna(s) 812 can be directed (this is sometimes referred to as beam steering).

[0090] The wireless device 802 may include one or more interface(s) 814. The interface(s) 814 may be used to provide input to or output from the wireless device 802. For example, a wireless device 802 that is a UE may include interface(s) 814 such as microphones, speakers, a touchscreen, buttons, and the like in order to allow for input and / or output to the UE by a user of the UE. Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry' (e.g., other than the transceiver(s) 810 / antenna(s) 812 already described) that allow for communication between the UE and19P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, and the like).

[0091] The wireless device 802 may include a beam management module 816. The beam management module 816 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the beam management module 816 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 808 stored in the memory 806 and executed by the processor(s) 804. In some examples, the beam management module 816 may be integrated within the processor(s) 804 and / or the transceiver(s) 810. For example, the beam management module 816 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g.. executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor(s) 804 or the transceiver(s) 810.

[0092] The beam management module 816 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and / or FIG. 8. The beam management module 816 is configured to cause the wireless device 802 to measure reference signals transmitted by a wireless network on a set B of beams used for prediction to generate measurement values for the set B of beams. The beam management module 816 is further configured to cause the wireless device 802 to process, using an AI / ML model, the measurement values to generate a plurality of predicted Ll-RSRP values for a set A of predicted beams at the wireless network. The beam management module 816 is further configured to cause the wireless device 802 to identify a beam reporting event corresponding to one or more of a first measurement value for a current beam and a first predicted Ll-RSRP value of the predicted Ll-RSRP values. The beam management module 816 is further configured to cause the wireless device 802 to. in response to determining that the beam reporting event has occurred, transmit, to the wireless network, a report comprising beam information for a number of best beams identified using the predicted Ll-RSRP values for the set A of predicted beams.

[0093] The network device 818 may include one or more processor(s) 820. The processor(s) 820 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 818 are performed, as described herein. The processor(s) 820 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a20P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.

[0094] The network device 818 may include a memory 822. The memory7822 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 824 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor(s) 820). The instructions 824 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 822 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor(s) 820.

[0095] The network device 818 may include one or more transceiver(s) 826 that may include RF transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 828 of the network device 818 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 834) to and / or from the network device 818 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 802) according to corresponding RATs.

[0096] The network device 818 may include one or more antenna(s) 828 (e.g., one, two, four, or more). In embodiments having multiple antenna(s) 828, the network device 818 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.

[0097] The network device 818 may include one or more interface(s) 830. The interface(s) 830 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 818. For example, a network device 818 that is a base station may include interface(s) 830 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver(s) 826 / antenna(s) 828 already described) that enables the base station to communicate with other equipment in a core network, and / or that enables the base station to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the base station or other equipment operably connected thereto.

[0098] The network device 818 may include a beam management module 832. The beam management module 832 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the beam management module 832 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 824 stored in the memory 822 and executed by the processor(s) 820. In some examples, the beam management module 832 may be integrated within the processor(s) 820 and / or the transceiver(s) 826. For example, the beam management module 832 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware21P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor(s) 820 or the transceiver(s) 826.

[0099] The beam management module 832 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 7 and / or FIG. 8. In some examples, the beam management module 832 is configured to perform any of the network device 818-based methods discussed herein.

[0100] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as set forth herein. For example, a baseband processor as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.

[0101] Any of the above described embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

[0102] Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices). The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0103] It should be recognized that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments can be combined into single systems. partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects,22P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein.

[0104] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

[0105] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.23P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method for a user equipment (UE), comprising: measuring reference signals transmitted by a wireless network on a set B of beams used for prediction to generate measurement values for the set B of beams; processing, using an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model, the measurement values to generate a plurality of predicted Layer 1 -reference signal received power (Ll-RSRP) values for a set A of predicted beams at the wireless network; identifying a beam reporting event corresponding to one or more of a first measurement value for a current beam and a first predicted Ll-RSRP value of the predicted Ll-RSRP values; and in response to determining that the beam reporting event has occurred, transmitting, to the wireless network, a report comprising beam information for a number of best beams identified using the predicted Ll-RSRP values for the set A of predicted beams.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement values comprise measured Ll-RSRP values.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a current time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a threshold.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a threshold.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a second threshold.24P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!8. The method of claim 4, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value meets a threshold.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state with a best quality.

10. The method of claim 3, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a first nearest future time instance.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a threshold.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a threshold.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a second threshold.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance meets a threshold.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to the first nearest time instance is a threshold25P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state with a best quality.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams.

21. The method of claim 1. wherein the predicted Ll-RSRP values are for a plurality’ of future time instances.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a threshold.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances meets a threshold.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality7of future time instances for a same beam meets a threshold.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality7of future time instances meets a second threshold.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value does not meet a first threshold and each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality of future time instances for a same beam meet a threshold.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and the first predicted Ll-RSRP value26P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances meets a threshold.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that a difference between the first measurement value and each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality of future time instances for a same beam meet a threshold.

30. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first predicted Ll-RSRP value corresponding to a first future time instance of the plurality of future time instances is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state with a best quality.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that each of the predicted Ll-RSRP values corresponding to the plurality7of future time instances for a same beam is a threshold value greater than a second measurement value of a reference signal derived using an activated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state with a best quality, and wherein the predicted Ll-RSRP values correspond to a same beam across the plurality of future time instances.

32. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam information comprises a beam index.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams corresponding to any of the plurality of future time instances.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the beam reporting event comprises that the first measurement value is not found in a set of measurement values corresponding to the best beams corresponding to each of the plurality of future time instances.

35. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set B of beams comprises synchronization signal block (SSB) beams.

36. The method of claim 1. wherein the set B of beams comprises channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams.27P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!37. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the wireless network, a reference signal ty pe corresponding to the set A of predicted beams.

38. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the reference signals by deriving a type of the reference signals based on quasi co-location (QCL) information of an indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state.

39. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the wireless network, configuration information identifying the reference signals.

40. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a request over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for a second uplink (UL) channel used to transmit the report comprising the beam information; receiving, from the wireless network, a downlink control information (DCI) format scheduling the second UL channel; and transmitting the report comprising the beam information on the second UL channel.

41. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a request over a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for a second uplink (UL) channel used to transmit the report comprising the beam information; and transmitting the report comprising the beam information on the second UL channel.

42. An apparatus comprising means to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 41.

43. A computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 41.

44. An apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry7to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 41.

45. A baseband processor for a user equipment (UE) that is configured to cause the UE to perform one or more elements of any one of claim 1 to claim 41.28P69798WO1 4912-1154-8524',!

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