Depth of charge determination device and operation method thereof

Abstract

A depth of charge determination device according to an embodiment disclosed herein may comprise: an interface that acquires a voltage value measured in the process of charging a battery on the basis of a predetermined C-rate; and a controller that calculates an internal resistance of the battery on the basis of a difference between a voltage value included in a rest period and a voltage value included in a charge period immediately following the rest period, generates a first profile including a correlation between the internal resistance and an SOC of the battery, and determines a depth of charge of the battery on the basis of the first profile.

Description

Device for determining filling depth and method of operation thereof

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0180848 filed on December 6, 2024, and includes all contents disclosed in the document of said Korean patent application as part of this specification.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a filling depth determining device and a method of operating the same.

[0005] Recently, active research and development on secondary batteries has been underway. Here, the term "secondary battery" refers to a rechargeable battery, encompassing conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries as well as the more recent lithium-ion batteries. Among secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the advantage of significantly higher energy density compared to conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured in a compact and lightweight form factor, making them suitable for use as power sources for mobile devices. Recently, their scope of application has expanded to include electric vehicles, drawing attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0006] As the industrial sectors utilizing batteries expand, the demand for high-capacity batteries is also increasing. While increasing battery capacity offers the advantage of extended usage time, it also increases the time required to charge such batteries. Rapid charging using high current shortens charging time, but it leads to side effects such as heat generation and lithium deposition. Consequently, active research is currently being conducted to design charging protocols for the rapid charging of high-capacity batteries.

[0007] The embodiments disclosed in this document aim to provide an apparatus and method for determining a charge depth for designing a charging protocol that can minimize problems of rapid charging, such as heat generation and lithium precipitation.

[0008] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0009] A charging depth determination device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include: an interface for obtaining a voltage value measured during the process of charging a battery based on a specified C-rate; and a controller for calculating a first internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between a first voltage value and a second voltage value included in a resting period, calculating a second internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the second voltage value and a third voltage value included in a charging period immediately after the resting period, calculating a deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance, generating a first profile including a correlation between the deviation and the SOC of the battery, and determining the charging depth of the battery based on the first profile.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first voltage value may be a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period begins, and the second voltage value may be a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period ends.

[0011] In one embodiment, the controller can identify a maximum value included in the first profile and determine the filling depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value.

[0012] In one embodiment, the controller can generate a second profile by differentiating the deviation with respect to the SOC, and determine the filling depth based on the second profile.

[0013] In one embodiment, the controller can determine a charging upper limit charging depth corresponding to the specified C-rate based on the SOC where the derivative value of the deviation becomes zero.

[0014] In one embodiment, the controller can generate a charging protocol including an association between the charging depth and the specified C-rate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the controller can generate the first profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique.

[0016] In one embodiment, the specified C-rate may be multiple, and the controller may generate the first profile for each specified C-rate.

[0017] A method of operation of a charge depth determination device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document may include: obtaining a voltage value measured during the process of charging a battery based on a specified C-rate; calculating a first internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between a first voltage value and a second voltage value included in a resting period; calculating a second internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the second voltage value and a third voltage value included in a charging period immediately after the resting period; calculating a deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance; generating a first profile including a correlation between the deviation and the SOC of the battery; and determining the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first voltage value may be a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period begins, and the second voltage value may be a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period ends.

[0019] In one embodiment, the operation of determining the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile may include the operation of identifying a maximum value included in the first profile, and the operation of determining the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value.

[0020] In one embodiment, the operation of determining the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile may include the operation of generating a second profile by differentiating the deviation with respect to the SOC, and the operation of determining the charge depth based on the second profile.

[0021] In one embodiment, the operation of determining the filling depth based on the second profile may include the operation of determining the filling upper limit filling depth corresponding to the specified C-rate based on the SOC where the derivative value of the deviation becomes zero.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method of operation of the charge depth determining device may further include the operation of generating a charge protocol including an association relationship between the charge depth and the specified C-rate.

[0023] In one embodiment, the operation of generating the first profile may include generating the first profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique.

[0024] In one embodiment, the specified C-rate may be multiple, and the operation of generating the first profile may include the operation of generating the first profile for each specified C-rate.

[0025] The charging depth determination device and the method of operation thereof according to the various embodiments disclosed in this document can calculate internal resistance based on the amount of voltage change under specific conditions among voltage values ​​obtained during the process of charging a battery based on a designated C-rate, and can determine the charging depth for each designated C-rate by monitoring the amount of change in internal resistance. Based on this, the charging depth determination device and the method of operation thereof can design a rapid charging protocol through the charging upper limit charging depth for each C-rate.

[0026] The effects of the filling depth determining device and the method of operation thereof disclosed in this document are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art in accordance with the disclosure of this document.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a filling depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0028] FIGS. 2 and FIGS. 3 illustrate time-voltage graphs obtained during the process of charging a battery according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates a first profile including the relationship between the internal resistance and SOC of a battery according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0030] FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate a second profile obtained by differentiating a first profile generated for each C-rate according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0031] FIGS. 8 to 11 are drawings for explaining a method in which a charge depth determining device determines the charge depth of a battery based on the difference between a first internal resistance and a second internal resistance according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0032] FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the operation method of a filling depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0033] FIG. 13 illustrates a computing system for executing operations of a charge depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0034] In relation to the description of the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals may be used for identical or similar components.

[0035] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments and should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] The embodiments of this document and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to specific embodiments, and should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, or substitutions of said embodiments. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of said items unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0037] In this document, each of the phrases such as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C” may include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” or “(b)” may be used simply to distinguish a component from another component and, unless specifically stated otherwise, do not limit the components in any other aspect (e.g., importance or order).

[0038] In this document, where it is stated that any (e.g., 1) component is "connected," "coupled," or "joined" to another (e.g., 2) component, with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicationly," or where it is stated that the component is "coupled" or "connected," it means that the component may be connected to the other component directly (e.g., by wire or wirelessly) or indirectly (e.g., through a 3) component.

[0039] Methods according to the various embodiments disclosed in this document may be provided as part of a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded between a seller and a buyer as a product. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a device-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM) or distributed online (e.g., download or upload) through an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily created on a device-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or a relay server.

[0040] According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, each component (e.g., module or program) of the components described above may include a singular or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, one or more of the components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Generally or additionally, multiple components (e.g., module or program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the components of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as those performed by the corresponding components among the multiple components prior to the integration. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0041] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a filling depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, the charging depth determining device (10) can obtain a voltage value obtained during the process of charging a battery based on a specified C-rate (current rate). The charging depth determining device (10) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value. The charging depth determining device (10) can generate a first profile including the relationship between the internal resistance and the SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery. The charging depth determining device (10) can determine the charging depth at a specified C-rate based on the first profile.

[0043] In one embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) may be included in a BMS capable of diagnosing battery cells included in an electronic device, and operations performed by the charge depth determining device (10) may be performed in the BMS. In one embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) may be included in a server or a charge / discharger capable of diagnosing battery cells outside the electronic device, and operations performed by the charge depth determining device (10) may be performed in an external server or charge / discharger.

[0044] The charge depth determining device (10) may include an interface (100) and a controller (102). According to an embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) illustrated in FIG. 1 may further include at least one component (e.g., a display, an input device, or an output device) other than the components illustrated in FIG. 1. Hereinafter, specific operations performed in each of the components (e.g., the interface (100) and the controller (102)) included in the charge depth determining device (10) will be described.

[0045] The interface (100) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery based on a specified C-rate (e.g., 2.5C). Here, the specified C-rate can have various values. The battery may correspond to any one of a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack, and for convenience of explanation, the battery is assumed to be a battery cell in the following description. The battery may be charged by alternating one or more rest periods and one or more charging periods, and may also be charged by a charging / discharging device (not shown) connected to the battery applying a charging current corresponding to the specified C-rate to the battery. Here, the charging / discharging device may include a voltmeter capable of measuring the voltage value of the battery during the process of charging the battery.

[0046] In one embodiment, the interface (100) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery through a communication network. For example, the charge depth determining device (10) may be included in a charge / discharger or connected to the charge / discharger via a wire, and the interface (100) can obtain a voltage value measured by a voltmeter included in the charge / discharger based on the connection.

[0047] In one embodiment, the interface (100) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery via a wireless network. For example, the interface (100) can obtain a voltage value measured by the voltmeter via a wireless network during the process of charging the battery. Here, the wireless network may be based on a short-range communication network (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi (wireless fidelity), or IrDA (infrared data association)), or a long-range communication network (cellular network, 4G network, 5G network). In one embodiment, the connection between the interface (100) and the charger / discharger may be a connection via a device-to-device communication method (e.g., bus, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface)).

[0048] According to various embodiments, the interface (100) may include various interface circuits for acquiring signals, information and / or data, such as sensors and communication circuits.

[0049] Hereinafter, various embodiments in which the filling depth determining device (10) determines the filling depth are described.

[0050] First embodiment: Determining the filling depth based on a single internal resistance

[0051] The controller (102) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery. The controller (102) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value obtained by the interface (100). The controller (102) can determine the charge depth of the battery corresponding to a specified C-rate based on the internal resistance. Below, the method by which the controller (102) calculates the internal resistance is described through FIGS. 2 to 4, and the method by which the controller (102) determines the charge depth is described through FIGS. 5 to 7.

[0052] FIGS. 2 and FIGS. 3 illustrate time-voltage graphs obtained during the process of charging a battery according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 2, the time-voltage graph (20) may include voltage values ​​of the battery according to the charging time. The time-voltage graph (20) may be an example of voltage values ​​of the battery being charged based on a C-rate of 0.5C. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a specific area (200) included in the time-voltage graph (20). Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the idle period begins based on the first point (300), and that the transition from the idle period to the charging period begins based on the second point (302). Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together, an embodiment of the method by which the controller (102) calculates the internal resistance of the battery will be described separately.

[0054] The controller (102) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the voltage value included in the idle period and the voltage value included in the charging period immediately after the idle period. Here, the internal resistance may include charge transfer resistance (Rct).

[0055] Referring to FIG. 3, the controller (102) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the voltage value at a second point (302) corresponding to the end of the idle period and the voltage value at a third point (304) corresponding to the start of the charging period after the idle period. The controller (102) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on Equation 1.

[0056] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0057] Internal resistance = {V(t+x+y)-V(t+x)} / I

[0058] Here, V(t), V(t+x), and V(t+x+y) may be voltage values ​​measured at the first point (300, t), the second point (302, t+x), and the third point (304, t+x+y), respectively, and x and y may represent time intervals between the points (302, 304) with respect to the first point (300, t). I may be a current value corresponding to a specified C-rate.

[0059] FIG. 4 illustrates a first profile including the relationship between the internal resistance and SOC of a battery according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 5 to 7 illustrate a second profile obtained by differentiating the first profile generated for each C-rate according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 4, the controller (102) can generate a first profile (40) including a correlation between internal resistance and SOC. Here, the internal resistance may be charge transfer resistance (Rct). The internal resistance can be calculated based on V(t+x+y) and V(x+y) described in FIG. 3, and can be calculated by setting the y value. Referring to the first profile (40), the correlation between the internal resistance and SOC calculated by setting the y value to 1 second to 9 seconds can be confirmed. According to an embodiment, the correlation between internal resistance and SOC may refer to an internal resistance value that changes with increasing SOC.

[0061] The controller (102) can determine the charge depth associated with the battery based on the first profile (40). The controller (102) can determine the charge depth when charging the battery at a specified C-rate based on the first profile (40). The controller (102) can determine the charge upper limit charge depth when charging the battery at a specified C-rate based on the change in internal resistance included in the first profile (40). The controller (102) can generate a charging protocol based on the result of determining the charge upper limit charge depth for a plurality of C-rates. Here, the charge upper limit charge depth may refer to the SOC at which the battery is charged until no lithium precipitation occurs based on a specific C-rate. However, the charge depth is not limited to the charge upper limit charge depth, and the charge depth determination device (10) may determine the charge start charge depth and charge lower limit charge depth, etc., when charging at a specific C-rate based on the first profile (40).

[0062] In one embodiment, the controller (102) can identify a maximum value included in the first profile (40). The controller (102) can determine the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value. Here, the maximum value may include a point where lithium precipitation begins to occur, which is a point where the internal resistance increases and then decreases.

[0063] In one embodiment, the controller (102) can determine the filling depth based on the derivative of the first profile (40). Referring to FIGS. 5 through 7, the controller (102) can generate a polynomial corresponding to the first profile (40) based on a polynomial curve fitting technique. The controller (102) can generate a second profile by differentiating the polynomial corresponding to the first profile (40). Each of the SOC-derivative value graphs (50, 60, 70) can correspond to the second profile obtained by differentiating the polynomial corresponding to the first profile (40). The first SOC-derivative value graph (50) may be a second profile for a battery charged at a C-rate of 2.0C, the second SOC-derivative value graph (60) may be a second profile for a battery charged at a C-rate of 2.5C, and the third SOC-derivative value graph (70) may be a second profile for a battery charged at a C-rate of 3.0C.

[0064] Referring to the first SOC-derivative value graph (50), it can be seen that in the first region (500), the derivative of the internal resistance is positive, so the internal resistance increases as the SOC increases, while in the second region (501), the derivative of the internal resistance is negative, so the internal resistance decreases as the SOC increases. The controller (102) can determine the SOC corresponding to the boundary point between the first region (500) and the second region (502) as the upper limit charging depth when the C-rate is 2.0C.

[0065] The controller (102) can determine the SOC corresponding to the boundary point of the regions (600, 602) of the second SOC-derivative value graph (60) as the upper limit filling depth when the C-rate is 2.5C. The controller (102) can determine the SOC corresponding to the boundary point (the dotted line between reference numerals 600 and 602) where the derivative value in the second SOC-derivative value graph (60) changes from positive to negative as the upper limit filling depth when the C-rate is 2.5C. Likewise, the controller (102) can determine the SOC corresponding to the boundary point of the regions (700, 702) of the third SOC-derivative value graph (70) as the upper limit filling depth when the C-rate is 3.0C.

[0066] Based on the above description, the controller (102) can determine the charging limit charging depth for each C-rate and can finally generate a rapid charging protocol for rapid charging the battery based on the relationship between the C-rate and the charging limit charging depth.

[0067] Second Embodiment: Determining the filling depth based on two internal resistances

[0068] The controller (102) can calculate a first internal resistance and a second internal resistance. Here, the first internal resistance can be calculated based on the difference between the voltage value corresponding to the first point (300, t) in FIG. 3 and the voltage value corresponding to the second point (302, t+x) in FIG. 3. The second internal resistance can correspond to the internal resistance described in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7.

[0069] The reason the controller (102) calculates the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance is that noise may exist in each of the internal resistances. For example, the controller (102) can generate a first profile that includes the relationship between the first internal resistance and the battery's SOC, and if the first profile contains noise, it can determine a more accurate charging depth by determining the charging depth based on the first profile based on the second internal resistance in the area corresponding to the noise.

[0070] FIGS. 8 to 11 are drawings for explaining a method in which a charge depth determining device determines the charge depth of a battery based on the difference between a first internal resistance and a second internal resistance according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0071] FIG. 8 illustrates a first profile of a first internal resistance and a first profile of a second internal resistance according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 9 illustrates a third profile including a correlation between the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance and the SOC according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 10 illustrates a third profile including a correlation between the deviation by C-rate and the SOC according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 11 illustrates a fourth profile generated by differentiating the third profile according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. Hereinafter, a method by which a charge depth determining device (10) determines the charge depth of a battery is described with reference to FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 together.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 8, the first profile (80) may include a first profile (800) for a first internal resistance and a second profile (802) for a second internal resistance.

[0073] The controller (102) can calculate the difference between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance based on the first profile (80). Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the controller (102) can calculate the difference between the first profile (800) of the first internal resistance and the second profile (802) of the second internal resistance, and can generate a third profile (90) including the relationship between the difference and the SOC.

[0074] The controller (102) can calculate the charge depth of the battery based on the third profile (90). Referring to FIG. 10, the controller (102) can calculate a first internal resistance and a second internal resistance for each C-rate at which the battery is charged, and can calculate a deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance for each C-rate. The controller (102) can generate a third profile (1000) based on the deviation calculated for each C-rate.

[0075] The controller (102) can determine the charge depth of the battery based on the third profile (1000). The controller (102) can identify a maximum value included in the third profile (1000) and can determine the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value.

[0076] In one embodiment, the controller (102) can generate a fourth profile based on the derivative value of the deviation included in the third profile (1000). The controller (102) can generate a polynomial corresponding to the third profile (1000) based on a polynomial curve fitting technique, and can generate the fourth profile by differentiating the polynomial. Since the specific method for generating the fourth profile corresponds to the method of generating the second profile by differentiating the first profile described in the first embodiment, the description is omitted in this embodiment.

[0077] The controller (102) can determine the charge depth of the battery based on the fourth profile. The controller (102) can determine the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the point where the derivative value included in the fourth profile corresponding to the deviation changes from positive to negative. The controller (102) can determine the SOC corresponding to the point where the derivative value of the deviation changes from positive to negative based on the fourth profile as the charge limit charge depth of the corresponding C-rate. Here, the corresponding C-rate may refer to a designated C-rate for charging the battery to obtain the fourth profile. For example, assuming the case where the C-rate is 2.0C, if the derivative value of the deviation included in the fourth profile was positive before the point where the SOC is 55%, but changes to 0 at 55% and then to negative at the point where the SOC exceeds 55%, the charge limit charge depth at the C-rate of 2.0C may be determined as 55%.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 11, the controller (102) can determine the charging upper limit charging depth for each C-rate and can generate a charging protocol (1100) including the relationship between the determined charging depth and the C-rate.

[0079] The charging protocol (1100) may include an R1 charging protocol (R1#1, R1#2) determined based only on the first internal resistance and a deviation charging protocol (R1-R2#1, R1-R2#2) determined based on the deviation (R1-R2). Here, #n (n: 1 or 2) may refer to the number of a battery cell, and if n is the same, it may mean the same battery cell.

[0080] Referring to the charging protocol (1100), it can be seen that the interval between the R1 charging protocols (R1#1, R1#2) is greater than the interval between the deviation charging protocols (R1-R2#1, R1-R2#2). That is, it can be seen that when determining the charging depth using the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance, the deviation between battery cells can be reduced compared to when determining the charging depth by calculating only the first internal resistance. Based on this, the charging depth determining device (10) can design an optimal charging protocol that minimizes heat generation and lithium deposition, as well as minimizes the deviation between battery cells.

[0081] FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the operation method of a filling depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 12, in operation 1200, when the charger / discharger starts charging the battery based on a specified C-rate, the voltmeter included in the charger / discharger can measure the voltage of the battery.

[0083] In operation 1210, the charge depth determining device (10) can obtain a voltage value measured during the charging process. The charge depth determining device (10) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery based on a specified C-rate (e.g., 2.5C).

[0084] In one embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery through a wired device. In one embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) can obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery based on a wireless network.

[0085] In operation 1220, the charging depth determining device (10) can calculate the internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the voltage value included in the resting period and the voltage value included in the charging period immediately after the resting period.

[0086] In one embodiment, the charging depth determining device (10) can calculate a first internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between a voltage value corresponding to the start time of the resting period and a voltage value corresponding to the end time of the resting period. The charging depth determining device (10) can calculate a second internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between a voltage value included in the resting period and a voltage value included in the charging period immediately after the resting period.

[0087] In operation 1230, the charge depth determining device (10) can generate a first profile including the relationship between internal resistance and SOC.

[0088] In one embodiment, the filling depth determining device (10) can generate a third profile including the correlation between the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance and the SOC.

[0089] In operation 1240, the charge depth determining device (10) can determine the charge depth of the battery based on a first profile. The charge depth determining device (10) can determine the charge depth (e.g., charge upper limit charge depth, charge start charge depth) when charged at a specified C-rate based on the first profile. The charge depth determining device (10) can identify a maximum value included in the first profile (40). The charge depth determining device (10) can determine the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value. The charge depth determining device (10) can determine the charge depth based on the value obtained by differentiating the first profile (40). The charge depth determining device (10) can generate a polynomial corresponding to the first profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique. The charge depth determining device (10) can generate a second profile obtained by differentiating the polynomial corresponding to the first profile. The filling depth determining device (10) can determine the filling depth based on the SOC in which the differential value included in the second profile changes from a positive to a negative value.

[0090] In one embodiment, the charge depth determining device (10) can calculate the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance and generate a third profile including the correlation between the deviation and the SOC. The charge depth determining device (10) can identify a maximum value included in the third profile and determine the charge depth based on the maximum value. The charge depth determining device (10) can generate a fourth profile corresponding to the derivative value of the deviation based on the third profile. The charge depth determining device (10) can generate a polynomial corresponding to the third profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique and generate a fourth profile by differentiating the polynomial. The charge depth determining device (10) can determine the charge depth based on the SOC where the derivative value included in the fourth profile changes from a positive to a negative value.

[0091] FIG. 13 illustrates a computing system for executing operations of a charge depth determining device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 13, a computing system (1300) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an MCU (1310), memory (1320), an input / output I / F (1330), and a communication I / F (1340).

[0093] The MCU (1310) may be a processor that executes various programs stored in memory (1320), processes various data from these programs, and performs the functions of the charge depth determining device (10) shown in FIGS. 1 to 12.

[0094] The memory (1320) can store various programs regarding the operation of the charge depth determining device (10). In addition, the memory (1320) can store operation data of the charge depth determining device (10).

[0095] These memories (1320) may be provided in multiple quantities as needed. The memories (1320) may be volatile memories or non-volatile memories. As volatile memories, the memory (1320) may use RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc. As non-volatile memories, the memory (1320) may use ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc. The memories (1320) listed above are merely examples and are not limited to these examples.

[0096] The input / output I / F (1330) can provide an interface that enables data transmission and reception between an input device (not shown), such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, an output device (not shown), and an MCU (1310).

[0097] The communication I / F (1340) is configured to transmit and receive various data to and from a server and may be various devices capable of supporting wired or wireless communication. For example, through the communication I / F (1340), a program for determining the charging depth or various data (e.g., status values) may be transmitted and received from a separately provided external server.

[0098] Terms such as "include," "compose," or "have" as used above, unless specifically stated otherwise, mean that the relevant component may be inherent; therefore, they should be interpreted as allowing for the inclusion of additional components rather than excluding them. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as those defined in advance, should be interpreted in accordance with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology and, unless explicitly defined in this document, should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0099] The foregoing description is merely an illustrative explanation of the technical concept disclosed in this document, and a person skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain can make various modifications and variations within the scope of the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this document. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in this document are intended to explain, not limit, the technical concept of the embodiments disclosed in this document, and the scope of the technical concept disclosed in this document is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the technical concept disclosed in this document shall be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope shall be interpreted as being included within the scope of rights of this document.

Claims

1. An interface for acquiring a voltage value measured during the process of charging a battery based on a specified C-rate; and Calculate the first internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the first voltage value and the second voltage value included in the idle period, and Calculate the second internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the second voltage value and the third voltage value included in the charging section immediately after the resting section, and Calculate the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance, and A first profile is generated that includes the correlation between the above deviation and the SOC of the battery, and A controller comprising a controller that determines the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile above, Fill depth determining device.

2. In Claim 1, The first voltage value is a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period begins, and The second voltage value is a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period ends, Fill depth determining device.

3. In Claim 1, The above controller is, Identify the maximum value included in the first profile above, and Determining the filling depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value above, Fill depth determining device.

4. In Claim 1, The above controller is, A second profile is generated by differentiating the above deviation with respect to the above SOC, and Determining the filling depth based on the above second profile, Fill depth determining device.

5. In Claim 4, The above controller is, Determining the upper filling depth corresponding to the specified C-rate based on the SOC at which the derivative of the above deviation becomes zero, Fill depth determining device.

6. In Claim 1, The above controller is, Generating a charging protocol including the correlation between the above charging depth and the above specified C-rate, Fill depth determining device.

7. In Claim 1, The above controller is, Generating the first profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique Fill depth determining device.

8. In Claim 1, The C-rate specified above is plural, and The above controller is, Generating the first profile for each of the specified C-rates, Fill depth determining device.

9. An operation to obtain a voltage value measured during the process of charging the battery based on a specified C-rate; An operation to calculate the first internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the first voltage value and the second voltage value included in the idle period; An operation of calculating the second internal resistance of the battery based on the difference between the second voltage value and the third voltage value included in the charging section immediately after the resting section; An operation to calculate the deviation between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance; The operation of generating a first profile including the correlation between the above deviation and the SOC of the battery; and A method including an operation to determine the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile above. Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

10. In Claim 9, The first voltage value is a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period begins, and The second voltage value is a voltage value corresponding to the point where the rest period ends, Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

11. In Claim 9, The operation of determining the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile above is, An operation to identify a maximum value included in the first profile above, and The operation of determining the charge depth based on the SOC corresponding to the maximum value, Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

12. In Claim 9, The operation of determining the charge depth of the battery based on the first profile above is, The operation of generating a second profile by differentiating the above deviation with respect to the SOC, and A method including an operation to determine the filling depth based on the second profile above. Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

13. In Claim 12, The operation of determining the filling depth based on the second profile above is, The method includes an operation of determining a filling upper limit filling depth corresponding to the specified C-rate based on the SOC at which the derivative value of the above deviation becomes zero. Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

14. In Claim 9, Further including the operation of generating a charging protocol including the correlation between the above-mentioned charging depth and the above-mentioned specified C-rate, Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

15. In Claim 9, The operation of generating the first profile above is, The operation of generating the first profile based on a polynomial curve fitting technique, Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

16. In Claim 9, The C-rate specified above is plural, and The operation of generating the first profile above is, The operation of generating the first profile for each of the specified C-rates, Method of operation of a filling depth determining device.

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