Multilayer shelter having a hull with at least three hull layers

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shelter within a multilayer structure where one or several layers can be filled or emptied by material in a fluid state while other layers consists of metal or composite layers. The shelter is constructed to protect one or several humans before, in or after the hazard of a sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering.

Description

[0001] BACKGROUND

[0002] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Examples of hazards that may causes great damage, destruction and human suffering are. Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave, Drought, Earthquake, Hail, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation.

[0004] These hazards have in common that the best way to survive is to if possible evacuate before the event that risk to cause great damage occurs, or, be in a safe place within the hazardous area when the hazard occurs. The hazards are pose threats in a range of different ways. The majority cause damage to infrastructure e.g. roads but also to networks that support communication, e.g. Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Earthquake, Hail, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation.

[0005] Several hazards also affect the temperature, and the even if the hazard primarily isn’t caused about temperature, hypothermia or hyperthermia may be a secondary threat to the survivors after the primary event has damaged their shelter e.g. Avalanche, Cold Wave, Drought, Hail, Heat Wave, Ice Storm, Fire, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Volcanic Eruption, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation.

[0006] Several hazards also cause flooding or flood waves.

[0007] A few hazards cause changes to the gases of the air or create pollution carried with haze in the air which may is hazardous, e.g. Volcanic Eruption, Limnic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Nuclear Irradiation.

[0008] Several hazards including flying objects which can cause damage if a shelter cannot withstand the hit of a blunt object or penetration of a bullet or a missile, Hail, Hurricane, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Terrorist attacks, Explosions.

[0009] Several hazards include increased density of particles in the air. The highest barometric pressure ever recorded on earth was 1085.7 hectopascal. The subsidence produced directly under a high pressure system can lead to a buildup of particulates leading to a widespread haze. Haze, an atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates suspended in air obscure visibility and the clarity of the sky. Haze particles may act as condensation nuclei that leads to subsequent vapor condensation and formation of mist droplets; such forms of haze are known as ” wet haze ’’.The World Meteorological Organization manual of codes includes a classification of particulates causing horizontal obscuration into categories of fog, ice fog, steam fog, mist, haze, smoke, volcanic ash, dust sand and snow. Sources for particles that cause haze include war, traffic, industry, windy weather, volcanic activity and wildfires. Haze is associated with pollution and makes contamination from particulates more severe.

[0010] Several hazards also include sudden major changes in air pressure which may cause injury to humans which are exposed to the shock wave e.g. terrrorist attacks, explosions, industrial events.

[0011] USPAT2818929

[0012] Systems of protecting inhabitants during hazardous events include systems to protect inhabitants during a flood, USPAT application 2818929 where the barriers are projected to handle approximately 1.5 - 2.0 meters.

[0013] There are some examples of mobile containerized facilities, that may provide protection in some of the hazards mentioned althouhght their primary purpose was different:

[0014] USPAT 20070132262 Mobile Containerized Autopsy Facility with one seamless and sealable compartment, which compartment meets biohazards level 3 and 4 requirements. With an internal enclosure which contains the one or more compartments wherein the internal air of each compartment is present in a negative air pressure relative to the external environment surrounding the facility. The mobile containerized autopsy facility wherein the internal air is treated by filtration and / or scrubbing prior to discharge to the external environment.

[0015] USPAT 6485683

[0016] Headquarter vehicles for chemical biological nuclear defense. A module for chemical / biological / nuclear defense comprising a hollow housing having an interior and at least one wall enclosing the interior; a doorway in at least one wall of the at least one wall enclosing the interior, through which personel can pass to or from the interior from or to outside the housing; and an air decontamination system including a pyro sulfuric acid system, which has pyro sulfuric acid for scrubbing a threat agent from the air, a sulfur trioxide condenser, and a bicarbonate / carbonate scrubber.

[0017] W02003095765 - Modular Container Unit

[0018] A modular containment unit including a working space, for use within an external surrounding environment, characterized in that the modular containment unit is constructed within an outer shell capable of meeting at least one physical standard appropriate to outer shells, and includes an internal working space having a construction and having an environmental support means together capable of being carried out within the working space. A modular containment unit characterized in that the outer shell capable of meeting at least one physical standard is that of a dedicated shipping container.

[0019] 20050193643

[0020] A prefabricated, self-contained, standardized working environment that combines transport-useful physical standards for overall dimensions [a shipping container / cargo container] together with functional standards [such as specified clean air or biological containment standards] related to specific types of work to be carried out, and takes advantage of volume production. The internal working space having a construction and having environmental support means together capable of meeting at least one functional standard appropriate to at least one task capable of being carried out within the working space.

[0021] DE 10241625 Al Overpressure ventilation system in buildings to prevent entry of fire, smoke or other gases in protected rooms has overpressure safety flap working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with impermissibly high pressure. The overpressure ventilation system in buildings to prevent the entry of fire, smoke or other gases in protected rooms has for the ventilation one or more fans, on or more overpressure safety flaps working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with an impermissibly high pressure. The safety flap may be weight or loaded. The overpressure safety flap may be installed after the ventilation fan in a pressure side air feed duct or in the protected room itself.

[0022] Hyperbaric Oxygene Therapy (HBOT) involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established treatment for decompression sickness, a potential risk of scuba diving. Other conditions treated with hyperbaric oxygen include, serious infections, bubbles of air in blood vessels, wounds that may not heal because of diabetes or radiation injury. The pressure is increased to 2 to 3 bar [ http: / / Hyperbaric oxygen therapy - Mayo Clinic, accessed 20241118 ]

[0023] Airliner overpressure cabins: [ The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew, 2002, National Research Council (US) Committee on Air Quality in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002 ]. Commercial jet aircraft are designed to carry passengers safely and comfortably from one point to another. The external environments of the aircraft include taxing, takeoff, cruise, and descent; outside temperature from below -55 degree Celsius (-65 degree Fahrenheit) to over 50 degree Celsius (122 degree Fahrenheit); ambient pressure from about 10.1 kPa (1.5 psi) to 101 kPa (15 psi); and water content from virtually dry to greater than saturation. For aircraft to transport people in those extremes of external environment, they are equipped with environmental control systems (ECSs) that provide a suitable indoor environment.

[0024] A number of aircraft systems are involved in meeting the environmental needs, including the propulsion system (engines), which is a source of pressurized air; the pneumatic system, which processes and distributes the pressurized air; and the ECS, which conditions the pressurized air and supplies it to the cabin. The minimal cabin pressure is set by Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 25, which requires the pressurization system to ’’provide a cabin pressure altitude of not more than 8000 ft [2440 m]” under normal operating conditions. This limit of 2440 m (8000 ft) corresponds to a cabin pressure of 75 kPa ( 10.9 psi). Thus the cabin pressure can range from a maximum of 101 kPa (14.7 psi) on the ground at sea level to a minimum of 75 kPa (10.9 psi) in flight regardless of the altitude at which the aircraft flies.

[0025] For structural reasons, the difference between the internal and external pressures are not allowed to exceed about 55-62 kPa (8-9 psi), depending on the aircraft.

[0026] A typical sedentary adult consumes oxygen at about 0.44 g / min (0.001 Ib / min). With the FAR 25 minimal design outside-air flow rate of 0.25 kg / min (0.55 Ib / min) per cabin occupant, oxygen is brought into the cabin at 0.058 kg / min (0.127 Ib / min) per person. Oxygen consumption by the occupants reduces the oxygen partial pressure by about 0.8% in this case, compared with a oxygen partial pressure reduction of up to 25% due to the reduced cabin pressure. Thus, adequate oxygen concentrations in the cabin are maintained, even at ventilation rates far below those specified in FAR 25, as long as the cabin is adequately pressurized.

[0027] Contamination

[0028] Contaminants generated in the aircraft cabin air are eliminated by ventilating the cabin with outside air. The compressed outside air that is used for pressurization in the cabin is the same air that is used for ventilation. Pressurization and ventilation, however, serve very different purposes. For ventilation, outside air is used to dilute contaminants in the air and flush them out of the cabin. As described below, the rate of flow of outside air has a substantial and direct impact on the concentration of contaminants in the cabin air. The flow rate has a negligible effect on the PO2, in that only a tiny portion of the oxygen in this air is consumed by the aircraft occupants. A typical sedentary adult consumes oxygen at about 0.44 g / min (0.001 Ib / min). With the FAR 25 minimal design outside-air flow rate of 0.25 kg / min (0.55 Ib / min) per cabin occupant, oxygen is brought into the cabin at 0.058 kg / min (0.127 Ib / min) per person. Oxygen consumption by the occupants reduces the PO2 levels by about 0.8% in this case, compared with a PO2 reduction of up to 25% due to the reduced cabin pressure, as explained earlier. Thus, adequate oxygen concentrations in the cabin are maintained, even at ventilation rates far below those specified in FAR 25, as long as the cabin is adequately pressurized.

[0029] Contaminants can originate in the cabin itself or in sources outside the cabin. Furthermore, the concentrations of contaminants in the cabin are subject to change as a result of fluctuations in the source emission and ventilation rates. Some contaminants degrade or react with other chemicals in the cabin. The following sections discuss the generation, distribution, and elimination of contaminants in cabin air.

[0030] Contaminants Originating in the Aircraft Cabin

[0031] The basic steady-state ventilation equation for a particular contaminant “i” may be expressed as follows (derived from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 1997a):

[0032] Dc,i=Do,i+Si / Vo, (Equation 1) where

[0033] De is contaminant density in cabin air, kg / m3 (lb / ft3),

[0034] Do is density of contaminant in outside air used for ventilation, kg / m3 (lb / ft3),

[0035] S is strength of contaminant source, kg / s (Ib / s), and

[0036] Vo is ventilation rate of outside air, m3 / s (ft3 / s).

[0037] To be accurate, both Vo and Do,i should be evaluated at cabin temperature and pressure. For gaseous contaminants, it is easier to work in terms of concentrations rather than densities, and the above equation can be expressed as follows:

[0038] Cc,i=Co,i+(Si MWa) / (mo MWi), (Equation 2) where

[0039] Cc is volume fraction of contaminant in cabin air,

[0040] Co is volume fraction of contaminant in outside air used for ventilation,

[0041] S is strength of contaminant source, kg / s (Ib / s), mo is ventilation rate of outside air, kg / s (Ib / s),

[0042] MWa is molecular weight of air (28.96), and

[0043] MW is molecular weight of contaminant.

[0044] An example of the application of Equation 2 for carbon dioxide (CO2) is as follows. The CO2 concentration in the cabin air may be related to the rate at which outside air is supplied to the cabin by the ventilation system. A typical sedentary person will generate CO2 at about 7.7x10-6 kg / s. The concentration of CO2 in clean outdoor air is about 0.037%. The molecular weight of CO2 is 44.01 g / mol. If the occupants are the only source of CO2 in the cabin, Equation 2 becomes

[0045] Cc,C02=0.00037+N(7.7xlO-6)(0.658 / mo), (Equation 3) where N is the number of occupants and 0.658 is the ratio of the molecular weights of air and CO2. Equation 3 can be used to relate ventilation rates to measured values of CO2 concentrations as long as respiration is the dominant source of CO2 in the cabin and the outside CO2 concentration is not above typical values. The CO2 concentration with the FAR 25 minimal design ventilation rate for aircraft of 0.0042 kg / s per person (0.25 kg / min) can be estimated as

[0046] Cc, C02=0.00037+(7.7xl0-6)(0.658 / 0.0042)=0.00158=1, 580 ppm.

[0047] Other ventilation rates will result in higher or lower CO2 concentrations according to Equation 3. It should be pointed out that CO2, at the concentrations present in this example is not noticeable by the occupants, nor is it considered hazardous. However, occupant-generated CO2 is produced roughly in proportion to other occupant-generated bioeffluents that can affect perceived air quality. The concentration of CO2 is sometimes used as an indicator of the concentration of other contaminants.

[0048] The ventilation requirements in the FAR are given in terms of mass flow. However, it is common to state ventilation flows in volumetric terms such as liters per second or cubic feet per minute; this practice can lead to confusion in that the relationship between mass flows and volumetric flows depends on the ambient pressure and temperature.

[0049] Contaminants Originating Outside the Aircraft Cabin

[0050] The preceding discussion dealt with contaminants that are generated in the cabin and that can be effectively controlled by ventilation. However, other contaminants can be in the outside air, such as ozone (03) or can be picked up in the air supply system, such as leaking oil. Obviously, it is not possible to control or eliminate those contaminants through an increased ventilation flow rate. If the source of the contaminant exists for only a short time (e.g., during deicing), effective control can be achieved by turning off the flow of outside air while the source is present. That control measure is not an option in flight, because of the requirements for pressurization; nor is it an option when the source is present for more than a short time (e.g., 15 min). Some reduction in concentrations of such cabin air contaminants can be achieved by using the minimal practical flow of outside air and increasing the flow of recirculated air if the recirculation filters are effective at removing the contaminants in question.

[0051] At high altitudes, especially at high latitudes, 03 concentrations in the outside air can be high enough for their introduction into the cabin to result in 03 concentrations that exceed the FAR 25 limit of 0.25 ppm by volume at any time above 32,000 ft (9,800 m) or above a time-weighted average of 0.1 ppm during any 3-h flight above 27,000 ft (8,200 m). Therefore, catalytic destruction of the 03 in the incoming air is used on some aircraft ECS to meet the FAR requirement. With the exception of 03, the outside air at cruise altitudes is generally quite pure and requires no additional cleaning. The outside air at or near ground level, however, can contain a wide variety of contaminants from industrial and urban sources. In addition to outside air contaminants, leaking hydraulic fluid, spilled fuel, or deicing fluid can be entrained in the air supply systems; few, if any, aircraft have cleaning systems to remove any of these contaminants.

[0052] Transient Response of Cabin Environmental Conditions

[0053] Equations 1 through 3 describe contaminant concentrations under steady-state conditions. Contaminant concentrations in the cabin do not change immediately when the controlling characteristics of ventilation flow rate and contaminant source strength are changed. It takes time for contaminant concentrations to build up to steady-state conditions after introduction of a source and to decline after the source is removed or ventilation begins. The time it takes for contaminant concentrations to approach steady-state conditions in aircraft is short, typically around 5-15 min, and is proportional to the quantity derived by dividing the volume of the space being ventilated by the ventilation rate. Such a rapid response means that there is only a short lag in the buildup of contaminants once they are introduced. It also means that the contaminants are flushed from the cabin quickly once the source is eliminated. In that respect, aircraft differ from buildings, in which it can take several hours to reach a steady state when ventilation rates are those recommended in American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62 (1999b).

[0054] Because contaminants can concentrate so quickly in an aircraft cabin, it is important that the ECS not be shut down for an extended period when the aircraft is occupied (except in an emergency). When the ECS is not operating, contaminant concentrations can become excessive and temperature uncomfortably high rapidly — in less than 15 min for a fully loaded aircraft in a hot environment.

[0055] Reactive Contaminants

[0056] Some contaminants react with other substances or decompose after they enter the cabin environment. Whether the contaminants decompose or combine with other chemicals once they are in the cabin can have an important effect on the contaminant concentrations in the cabin (Weschler and Shields 2000). The residence time of a contaminant in the cabin (the average length of time from introduction of the contaminant until it is flushed from the cabin by ventilation) has an important influence on the concentration of reactive contaminants in that it determines how long a contaminant has to decompose or react. As with transient responses discussed previously, residence time is proportional to the quantity derived by dividing the volume of the space by the ventilation flow rate, so residence time in aircraft is typically much shorter than in buildings. Residence time is particularly important for 03 and its byproducts (see Chapter 3 for additional discussion).

[0057] The air conditioning systems can provide air at a wide range of temperatures. However, there is a lower limit at which air can be supplied to the cabin without creating uncomfortable cold drafts near the inlets, typically about 10°C (50°F), and even at that temperature only with good air circulation in the cabin and good diffuser design [ASHRAE 1997a]. Consequently, the system must be designed with an air flow rate that is adequate to meet the largest heat load with this temperature of supply air. An example will demonstrate this principle.

[0058] The average heat generation by a comfortable, sedentary person, excluding heat loss due to evaporation of moisture, is about 70 W [ASHRAE 1997b]. The total heat load in an aircraft cabin will include heat loads from electronics and heat gain through the aircraft skin. For the purpose of this example, the total heat load will be taken as twice the occupant-generated amount, or 140 W / person. If the cabin temperature is kept in the middle of the ASHRAE “comfort envelope” [ASHRAE 1992] at 23°C and the air is supplied to the cabin at 10°C, Equation 2-4 can be used to determine the required rate of flow of conditioned air to the cabin:

[0059] 23°C=10°C+(140 / ms)(l / l,000)=>ms=0.0108 kg / s person= 0.646 kg / min person.

[0060] That is, adequate temperature control in the cabin requires that conditioned air be supplied to the cabin at about 0.65 kg / min (1.4 Ib / min) per person to maintain a comfortable temperature. This requirement is more than twice the FAR 25 requirement of 0.25 kg / min per person for outside air and provides one rationale for recirculating cabin air (see section on recirculation).

[0061] Air Distribution and Circulation The ventilation system does more than supply outside air to the cabin. It also distributes and circulates air in the cabin. Moving outside air into the cabin at one or a few locations will not provide adequate contaminant removal and acceptable thermal conditions throughout the cabin. On the contrary, parts of the cabin would get very cold and other parts hot; similarly, parts of the cabin would have clean, fresh air and other parts stagnant, stale, and unpleasant air. An important function of the ECS is to distribute fresh air throughout the cabin by providing good air circulation for uniform temperature conditions; another is to flush out contaminated air. [The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew, 2002, National Research Council (US) Committee on Air Quality in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002.]

[0062] Oxygen supply to the cabin is delivered through oxygen cylinders assembled at an oxygen assembly station with a fdler valve, a relief valve, and regulators as well as a central system shutoff valve.

[0063] In therapeutic delivery systems, such as nitrous oxide, an Oxygen Failure Protection Device (OFPD) fail safe valves are present in the gas line supplying each of the flow meters except 02. This valve is controlled by the 02 supply pressure and shuts of or proportionally decreases the supply pressure of all other gasses as the 02 supply pressure decreases. These are present in anesthesia machines where standard is set to design a machine where the oxygen supply pressure is reduced below normal, the oxygen concentration at the common gas outlet does not fall below 19%. The OFPD may be replaced by a Pressure sensor shut-off valve.

[0064] Systems supplied with air usually have an air intake filter, a compressor and a pressure relief valve. Thereafter the air may be diverted to an after cooler with a moisture separator with and automatic drain trap, or go directly to an air receiver. Thereafter the air may be diverted to a particle filter followed by an air dryer and an oil removal filter. Thereafter the air may be distributed by secondary receivers, and a filter followed by pressure regulators.

[0065] DESCRIPTION

[0066] ABSTRACT

[0067] The present invention relates to a shelter within a multilayer structure where one or several layers can be filled or emptied by material in a fluid state while other layers consists of metal or composite layers.

[0068] The shelter is constructed to protect one or several humans before, in or after the hazard of a sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering.

[0069] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0070] The present invention relates to a shelter within a multilayer structure where one or several layers can be filled or emptied by material in a fluid state while other layers consists of metal or composite layers. In one embodiment it comprises protection from contamination by a high internal air pressure. The shelter is constructed to protect one or several humans before, in or after the hazard of a sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering.

[0071] OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0072] It is an object of the present invention to at least partly overcome the above problems, and to provide an improved shelter to protect one or several humans before, in or after the hazard of a sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering. A shelter one human or several humans for use in areas of limited support. There is a further object of the invention to is shelter and protect humans and to prepare them physiologically to endure situations with limited support.

[0073] A multilayer shelter, termed a RADOF shelter, to be placed on land or on water, to be transported by airlift, hanging under a helicopter, by water or by land transport. A multilayer shelter, termed a RADOF shelter, where the hull of the shelter, said hull including an inner hull and an outer hull, said hull consists of at least three hull-layers including the outer hull and the inner hull, at least one hull-layer between the inner hull and the outer hull being the recipient and donor of fluid (RADOF), said fluid received and donated to said RADOF from a channel into the RADOF through at least one of the hull-layers containing the RADOF, said multilayer shelter with an inner space within the inner hull, said inner space limited by the walls of the inner hull and said space limited by the frame of at least one passage allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter, where the volume of at least one of the multilayers between the outer hull comprising said RADOF, said RADOF limited by the hull-layers containing the RADOF and the outside of the frame of the said doorway, the volume between said inner hull and the outermost hull, the hull-volume, including said RADOF, said hull-volume 1 / 10 as voluminous as the volume of said inner-space and the maximal volume between the inner and the outer hull is 9 / 10 as voluminous as said inner-space, said inner- space accessible through a doorway with a door-opening-mechanism locked from the inside of the shelter, said door-opening-mechanism constructed to overrule a the door-closing-mechanism applied from the outside.

[0074] THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION IS MADE CLEAR OF THE FOLLOWING CLAIMS

[0075] 1. A multilayer shelter, termed a RADOF shelter, where the hull of the shelter, said hull including an inner hull and an outer hull, said hull consists of at least three hull-layers including the outer hull and the inner hull, at least one hull-layer between the inner hull and the outer hull being the recipient and donor of fluid (RADOF), said fluid received and donated to said RADOF from a channel into the RADOF through at least one of the hull-layers containing the RADOF, said multilayer shelter with an inner space within the inner hull, said inner space limited by the walls of the inner hull and said space limited by the frame of at least one passage allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter, where the volume of at least one of the multilayers between the outer hull comprising said RADOF, said RADOF limited by the hull-layers containing the RADOF and the outside of the frame of the said doorway, the volume between said inner hull and the outermost hull, the hull-volume, including said RADOF, said hull- volume 1 / 10 as voluminous as the volume of said inner-space and the maximal volume between the inner and the outer hull is 9 / 10 as voluminous as said inner-space, said inner-space accessible through a doorway with a door-opening-mechanism locked from the inside of the shelter, said door-opening-mechanism constructed to overrule a the door-closing-mechanism applied from the outside.

[0076] 2. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and receival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air.

[0077] 3. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims the volume of said inner space of at least two cubic meters, and the maximal inner volume of the inner space within said inner hull of at the most 500 cubic meters

[0078] 4. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer-hull contain two layers of RADOF, said RADOFs independently filled and emptied from fluid.

[0079] 5. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 1 / 2 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 1 / 2 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 1 / 2 extent.

[0080] 6. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 3 / 4 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 3 / 4 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 3 / 4 extent.

[0081] 7. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 17 / 20 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 17 / 20 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner- space to an 17 / 20 extent. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is a sum of all the extent of all the RADOFs in the multilayer hull. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said insulation layers including materials with thermal conductivity, lambda below < 3 (W / mK). Said insulation layer made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass or laminated glass, hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized spiral sheet or hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet, reinforced concrete or concrete. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said embodiment the layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner-space climate is ventilated by an air-climate system providing air supplied from the outside to the inner space. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims, comprising an decontaminationsystem, a HEPA13 filter, an air decontamination system including a pyro sulfuric acid system, which has pyro sulfuric acid for scrubbing a threat agent from the air, a sulfur trioxide condenser, and a bicarbonate / carbonate scrubber. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims comprising any of the following a compressor, a pressure relief valve an aftercooler a moisture separator with automatic drain trap, an air receiver, a particle filter, an air Dryer, an oil removal filter, distributive air supply channels, secondary receiver, filter, pressure regulator, air dispenser, air supply tube, shutoff valve. The Inner-space in any of the preceding claims having a pressure of > 5 Pa of the outside pressure. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims comprising solar panels mounted on the outside of the hull to supply the RADOF with energy. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed on the lower part of the hull determined by the place where the outside hull is closest to the center of gravity. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed as close to the provision as possible, id est, cabling from solar panels placed under the solar panels, cabling for ventilation placed closed to the ventilation grid, tubing for RADOF filling close to the opening in the RADOF layer. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the outside hull has any of the following forms or combination of the following forms, circular, elliptic, semicircular, semielliptic, quadratic, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, septagonal, octagonal. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where two manway passages are present from the outside to the inside hull. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where pneumatic assistance is supplied to the deliberated opening of a manway from the inside. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 15001 lbs. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 25001 lbs. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is provided with information on information on the situation outside e.g. video camera, camera with night vision of the surroundings, camera with thermal vision, outside temperature, outside irradiation, outside humidity. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is equipped with seats with belts for air-lift. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims floating in water where the weight of its immersed parts is equal to the total weight of the floating body of the OPUTUS The RADOF in any of the preceding claims anchored to the place where it is placed The RADOF in any of the preceding claims where the connection to the airlift is connected to the anchor connection in the way that when the RADOF is airlifted, by the airlift-anchor-mechanism the anchor releases itself. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the the center of gravity (eg) is below the center of buoyancy. The center of buoyancy also termed the metacenter as the metacenter is the point where the vertical centreline and the vector of the floating force intersects. 30. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the symmetrical about its vertical centerline, the weight acts on the center of mass on the centerline of the RADOF.

[0082] 31. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the RADOF is equipped with one or several gyros to maintain stability in airlift or as a floating object.

[0083] 32. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising two separate passages allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter.

[0084] 33. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and recival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air.

[0085] 34. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the hull-layers are suspended to one or several hull-layers outside said hull-layer.

[0086] 35. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said suspension comprise one or several of the following, chains, coils, leaf or air springs.

[0087] 36. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said an outer shell capable of meeting at least one physical standard appropriate to outer shells.

[0088] 37. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain an internal working space having a construction and having an environmental support means together capable of being carried out within the working space.

[0089] 38. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain a space having a contraction to support transport of humans by air or by land, e.g. seats and belts.

[0090] 39. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut.

[0091] 40. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut.

[0092] 41. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space has an overpressure ventilation system to prevent entry of fire, smoke or other gases with an overpressure safety flap working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with impermissibly high pressure e.g. one or more overpressure safety flaps working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with an impermissibly high pressure. The safety flap may be weight or loaded. The overpressure safety flap may be installed after the ventilation fan in a pressure side air feed duct or in the protected room itself.

[0093] 42. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space overpressure ventilation to prevent the entry of fire, smoke or other gases in the protected inner space has for the ventilation one or more fans.

[0094] 43. The shelter according to any of the preceding claims equipped with a meter for measurement of ionizing irradiation comprise a geier-muller meter (GMM) of end Window type with a high amount of gas for low energy X-rays, a GMM of Pancake tube with a wide window and a thin gas space for higher detection, a GMM of Windowless type, a GMM of thin walled type or a GMM of thick walled type, an ionization chamber, a gaseous ionization detector, a photodetector, a scintillation counter, a semiconductor detector, personal radiation dosimeter, a film badge, a quartz fibre dosimeter, a thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD), an electronic dosimeter or combinations of these.

[0095] All weights (lbs) are with empty RADOF

[0096] BASIC DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0097] FIG. 6 Illustraties a air climate system with air cleaning, supply of pressurized air, air cooling, air drying and air humidification.

[0098] FIG. 8 Illustrates a community of shelters and their communication via satellite link.

[0099] FIG. 9 Illustrates a community of shelters and their communication in between.

[0100] FIG 25-30 Illustrates the airlift and anchor equipment to facilitet transport and anchoring of the shelter.

[0101] FIG 31-34 Illustrates segmental cross-sections of the diamond shelter with air-hook, keel, external door shielding, landing gear, stabilizators, and RADOF hull.

[0102] FIG 35 Plan of diamond shelter with entry chamber with hatch to keel shelter, shower, combined kithenette- workspace-uv-chamber and habit chamber with hatch to keel shelter.

[0103] FIG 40 - 47 Illustrates segmental cross-sections of the shelter with RADOF hull with air-hook, keel, external door shielding, landing gear, stabilizators, and RADOF hull.

[0104] FIG 48 - 53 Illustrates cross-sections in each plane of the shelter with details of the air-hook.

[0105] FIG 54 - 56 Illustrates cross-sections in each plane of the shelter with external hull on the short ends. FIG 57 Illustrates only the placement of a water tank (RADOF) outside the innerspace. The reset of the hull and the outer layer and details of the RADOF not shown.

[0106] FIG 58-59 Illustrates cross-sections of a multilayer shelter with RADOF.

[0107] FIG 60-65 Illustrates embodiments with curved, elliptical and semicircular end sections of the invention to better deflect blast waves, and to increase the seaworthiness.

[0108] FIG 66-69 Illustrates the RADOF shelter with channels protected by external shielding and the inclusion of register, valves or chokes for the flow in the RADOFs

[0109] FIG 70-72 These three figures are cross sections of the shelter within an imaginary sphere used to define the extent of the enclose of the RADOF. The three figures depict the shelter within the minimal imaginary sphere that encloses all the corners of the RADOF shelter. The three figures are cross sections of the three planes usually depicted as x, y, z and an 3D illustration would show the whole shelter within an imaginary sphere. Illustrates the extent of enclose of the innerspace by the RADOF in relation to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter ” The set of points an at the minimal equal distance ( called the radius ) from the single point called the center, in FIG 70-72 the center is the center of the minimal sphere that enclose all the corners of the shelter.

[0110] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0111] Following detailed description of the invention, and the examples are provided to describe and illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. The figure legend describes the different parts in the figures. All figures are examples of the invention.

[0112] FIGURE LEGEND

[0113] 1. UV therapy apparatus

[0114] 2. UV irradiation space

[0115] 3. Shower

[0116] 4. Shower room

[0117] 5. UV light chamber

[0118] 6. Entry Chamber

[0119] 7. Habit Chamber

[0120] 8. Combined Kitchenette and UV chamber

[0121] 9. Doors, swinging or sliding

[0122] 10. ZIP bags for personal items ( waterproof )

[0123] 11. Cupboard with waste and cloth opening, with bin-bag capacity.

[0124] 12. Ventilations system for entry chamber entry air with diffuser

[0125] 13. Ventilations system for entry chamber exhaust air with diffuser

[0126] 14. Ventilations system for shower room entry air with diffuser

[0127] 15. Ventilations system for shower room exhaust air with diffuser

[0128] 16. Ventilations system for UV room entry air with diffuser

[0129] 17. Ventilation system for UV room exit air with diffuser

[0130] 18. Ventilations system for kitchenette exit air with diffuser

[0131] 19. Ventilation system for habit & transport chamber with diffuser

[0132] 20. Shelf for personal items

[0133] 21. Mirror

[0134] 22. Placement for shoes

[0135] 23. WC

[0136] 24. Water hose

[0137] 25. Fire Extinguisher

[0138] 26. Sink

[0139] 27. Stove

[0140] 28. Seat

[0141] 29. Foldable table

[0142] 30. Wall

[0143] 31. Ceiling

[0144] 32. Floor

[0145] 33. Exhaust ventilation grill

[0146] 34. Ventilation grill

[0147] 35. Vacuum cleaner 36. Vacuum cleaner filter ( hepa 13 )

[0148] 37. Ventilation pressure fan

[0149] 38. Positive air ventilation in door frame

[0150] 39. Water cistern

[0151] 40. Water inlet

[0152] 41. Shower Mixer

[0153] 42. Shower Nozzle

[0154] 43. Air compressor

[0155] 44. Shower air suction containers

[0156] 45. Vapour barrier

[0157] 46. Cement board

[0158] 47. Acrylic or fiberglass shower surround

[0159] 48. Grating

[0160] 49. Drain

[0161] 50. Water drain cistern

[0162] 51. Water inlet

[0163] 52. Water inlet pipe

[0164] 53. Radiator

[0165] 54. Cooling system

[0166] 55. Termostate

[0167] 56. Cooling tubes close to UV-light sources

[0168] 57. Cooling tubes in roof water cisterns

[0169] 58. Cooling tubes in floor water cistern

[0170] 59. UV-light sources

[0171] 60. Air filter

[0172] 61. Ventilation air supply channel

[0173] 62. Cut-Loop I Pull fuse ( Low voltage wiring with chunk to High-Voltage Battery )

[0174] 63. Manual service disconnect plug

[0175] 64. Transportation grid

[0176] 65. Water drainage nozzle

[0177] 66. Plan ( Contaminated clothes, shower to wash of skin, UV-treatment of skin, New clothes )

[0178] 67. Air pressure meter

[0179] 68. Air flap

[0180] 69. Bed

[0181] 70. External wall

[0182] 71. External door

[0183] 72. Recirculation air filter.

[0184] 73. Insulation

[0185] 74. Hull

[0186] 75. Shelter

[0187] 76. Internal Pressure

[0188] 77. External Pressure

[0189] 78. Diamond Shelter

[0190] 79. Round Shelter

[0191] 80. Drinking Water Cistern

[0192] 81. Dressment area

[0193] 82. Water drainage pipe

[0194] 83. Partition with perforation if build in container

[0195] 84. Door covering the air and water inlets and outlet

[0196] 85. Other door frame in insulated layer 200 mm balk around door and continuous with air lift structure and keel 501 - 505.

[0197] 86. Inner door frame in water layer

[0198] 87. Rubber suspension list around Inner door frame 86 in water-tank 220 perforated to allow water to get in contact with inner door frame.

[0199] 88. Air layer between inner and outer door.

[0200] 90. Inner door ( safety door ) locked from innerspace

[0201] 91. Blast shield on external door

[0202] 92. Channel into the RADOF

[0203] 93. Low channel into RADOF

[0204] 94. High channel into RADOF igh channel into outer RADOF last shield back External door ack-external door ow channel into outer RADOF artial one-way liner, choke, damp or register. OPUTUS OPUTUS in bunker Generator High-Voltage Battery 12 V battery Solar Panels Wind Power Power Sharing with 107. Main House Accesory House Ground Underground Communication shaft to connection tunnel Connection tunnel Water well Geothermal heat OPUTUS communication Satellite hub providing satellite link OPUTUS Solar panels Mast Battery Charge Regulator Inverter Rotating wind turbine Vertical A Wind turbine Supportive wire Generator Drone Detector Anti-Drone System Mast with elevation system Fuel Ventilation Exhaust Fuel Generator Chimney Stabilator End-protection Keel-shelter Water-tank Flooring with hatch and floor heating Polstering with insulative material ( can be continuous in keel shelter) Keel Inner shelter Suspension Landing gear Keel floor optional heating Rubber suspension to hold watertank in place Inner keel to balance shelter Weld to fasten inner shelter and watertank against front with doors. Rubber list to seal watertank against welding Brakes Jack-truck lift point 234 Rudder

[0205] 300. Multistorage building

[0206] 301. OPUTUS at 300.

[0207] 302. Battery

[0208] 303. Solar Panels

[0209] 304. Antenna

[0210] 305. Anti Drone Apparatus

[0211] 306. Drone Detector

[0212] 307. Mast

[0213] 308. Roof mounted Drone Detector

[0214] 309. Anti Drone Apparatus

[0215] 310. Mount for anti drone apparatus

[0216] 400. Ventilation Grill

[0217] 401. Air intake filter

[0218] 402. Compressor

[0219] 403. Pressure Relief valve

[0220] 404. Aftercooler

[0221] 405. Moisture separator with automatic drain trap

[0222] 406. Air Receiver

[0223] 407. Particle filter

[0224] 408. Air Dryer

[0225] 409. Oil Removal Filter

[0226] 410. Distribution

[0227] 411. Secondary Receiver

[0228] 412. Filter

[0229] 413. Pressure Regulator

[0230] 414. Air Dispenser

[0231] 415. Air supply tube

[0232] 416. Shutoff Valve

[0233] 500. Anchor chain

[0234] 501. Anchor airlift sprint tube with decreased dimension on top to hold the sprint in the tube during airlift

[0235] 502. Anchor airlift sprint

[0236] 503. Airlift hook

[0237] 504. Airlift axis connected to hook and the twin sprints, the anchor sprint and the mirror sprint

[0238] 505. The mirror sprint, creating a dual lift hold together with the axis 504, the airlift hook 503 and the anchor airlift sprint 502.

[0239] 506. Air lift balk to strengthen structure at airlift, connected to airlift tubes

[0240] 601 Lead

[0241] 602 Iron, steel or alloy

[0242] 603 Aluminum

[0243] 604 Water

[0244] 605 Iron or Alloy, Aluminum layer, aluminum against water tank

[0245] 606 Insulation

[0246] 607 Ventilation layer

[0247] 608 Outer Hull

[0248] 609 Insulation layer

[0249] 610 Innerlayer

[0250] 611 RADOF

[0251] 612 Innerspace

[0252] 614 Outer RADOF

[0253] 615 Inner RADOF

[0254] 616 Communication antenna under protection of blast-shield in door-system including the blast shield on the external door.

[0255] 617 Suspension FIGURES

[0256] FIG 6. Air climate system 400, Ventilation Grill 417. Air intake decontaminationsystem 401, in one embodiment this is a HEPA13 filter, in another embodiment an air decontamination system including a pyro sulfuric acid system, which has pyro sulfuric acid for scrubbing a threat agent from the air, a sulfur trioxide condenser, and a bicarbonate / carbonate scrubber is taught. Compressor 403, the compressor e.g. driven air pump, air pump or air blower, Linear piston pumps, circular pumps, fans, centrifugal air compressor or air pump, Single cylinder head compressor, V-twin compresor, Diaphragm pumps, Cup seal type pumps, Piezoelectric bimorph winding pumps (BIMOR), Discharge pulse absorption series pump (DPE). Pressure Relief valve 403. Aftercooler 404. The cooling can be induced by but is not restricted to compressor refrigerators, Dual compartment design, Absorption refrigerators, Peltier effect refrigerators, Acoustic cooling, Magnetic Cooling, Malone engine, Pulse tube, Stirling cycle, Thermoelectric cooling, Vortex tube, Water cycle systems. Moisture separator with automatic drain trap 405. Air Receiver 406. Particle filter 407. Air Dryer 408. Oil Removal Filter 409. Distribution 410. Secondary Receiver 411. Filter 412. Pressure Regulator 413. Air Dispenser 414. Air supply tube 415. Shutoff Valve 416. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the air climate noise producing parts are insulated from noise and / or placed further from the habitat zone to reduce noise in an area for rest and revive.

[0257] FIG 8. Networks with RADOF shelters 100 with communication 116, e.g. an communication system supported by satellite link 117.

[0258] FIG 9. Networks with RADOF shelters 100 with communication 116 eg a communication system between all or a group of shelters.

[0259] FIG 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30. Depicting the airlift anchor system. The anchor chain 500, Anchor airlift sprint tube with decreased dimension on top to hold the sprint in the tube during airlift 501. The anchor chain connected to the anchor airlift sprint 502. When the airlifted (i.e helicopter) is connected to the airlift hook 503., the airlift axis can lift the the mirror sprint 505, and the anchor sprint 502 and creating a balanced dual airlift and automatically releasing the anchor chain. The mirror sprint 505., creating a dual lift hold together with the axis 504, the airlift hook 503 and the anchor airlift sprint 502.

[0260] FIG 31-33 Illustrates segmental cross-sections of the diamond RADOF with air-hook, keel, external door shielding, landing gear, stabilization, and RADOF hull.

[0261] FIG 34 Illustrates the shelter in Diamond shape 78 The shelter having a hull of iron, steel or alloy 602 with a layer or insulation ( stone fibre ) under the hull and a water-tank that surronds the shelter 220, the water-tank not only working as a reservoir but also acting like a tune mass damper (TMD) against lateral twist and the fundamental time period. The water-tank made of aluminum 605. The water-tank held in place by circular rubber suspensions 228, welding 230 and rubber list 231 in front as illustrate in FIG 33. FIG 32 illustrates a stabilisator 217 in one embodiment with a continuous water-tank. In one embodiment the stabilisator comprise a landing gear 226 with suspension 225, in one embodiment the landing gear are wheels which dampens lateral friction at landing and lifting and further stabilizes by gyro rotation when floating. Brake 232 or brake pads may be used to hold the Diamond shelter in place when landed or when transported by truck, in airplane or train. Jack-truck lift point 233. Water drain cistern 50, Keel-shelter 219, under a flooring 221 with optional floor heating 233 , Keel floor 227, Keel 223 In one embodiment the keel is a balk under the shelter connected to the rear 501 air tube, in one embodiment lead is added to the keel 601, In one embodiment an inner keel is added to balance the inner shelter 229. In one embodiment the shelter is based on standard shipping containers, in this embodiment there is a partition 83 where the water-tank passes the shell of the shipping container into an addition, said addition added to the shelter to keep the quadratic form and the balance of the shelter. In one embodiment the water inlet 52 and the air intake 401 is situated in the addition, the air intake part of the air pressure system, 400. In one embodiment Solarpanel 200 and Solar panel battery 203 provide the shelter with energy. In one embodiment an airlift balk 506 is running through the shelter welded to the airlift tubes 501 FIG 25. 611 RADOF.

[0262] FIG 35 shows an example of the plan of the inner-space within the RADOF shelter 78 The shelter containing a UV therapy apparatus 1, in a UV irradiation space 2, in a UV light chamber 5, a Shower 3 in a Shower room 4. An Entry Chamber 6, a Habit Chamber 7., a Combined Kitchenette and UV chamber 8., swinging or sliding Doors 9, ZIP bags for personal items ( waterproof ) 10., a Cupboard with waste and cloth opening, with bin-bag capacity 11., a Ventilations system for entry chamber entry air with diffuser 12. a Ventilations system for entry chamber exhaust air with diffuser 13., Ventilations system for shower room entry air with diffuser 14., a Ventilations system for shower room exhaust air with diffuser 15., a Ventilations system for UV room entry air with diffuser 16., a Ventilation system for UV room exit air with diffuser 17., a Ventilations system for kitchenette exit air with diffuser 18., a Ventilation system for habit & transport chamber with diffuser 19., a Shelf for personal items 20, Mirror 21., Placement for shoes 22. WC 23., Water hose 24., Fire Extinguisher 25., Sink 26., Stove 27, Seat 28, Foldable table 29, Wall 30, Ceiling 31, Floor 32, Exhaust ventilation grill 33, Ventilation grill 34, Vacuum cleaner 35, Vacuum cleaner filter ( hepa 13 ) 36,. Ventilation pressure fan 37, Positive air ventilation in door frame 38. Water cistern 39, Water inlet 40, Shower Mixer 41, Shower Nozzle 42, Air compressor 43, Shower air suction containers 44. Vapour barrier 45, Cement board 46, Acrylic or fiberglass shower surround 47. Grating 48, Drain 49, Water drain cistern 50, Water inlet 51, Water inlet pipe 52, Radiator 53, Cooling system 54, Termostate 55, Cooling tubes close to UV-light sources 56, Cooling tubes in roof water cisterns 57, Cooling tubes in floor water cistern 58, UV- light sources 59, Air filter 60, Ventilation air supply channel 61, Cut-Loop / Pull fuse ( Low voltage wiring with chunk to High-Voltage Battery ) 62, Manual service disconnect plug 63, Transportation grid 64, Water drainage nozzle 65, Plan ( Contaminated clothes, shower to wash of skin, UV-treatment of skin, New clothes ) 66. Air pressure meter 67. Air flap 68. Bed 69 External wall 70, External doors 71.Recirculation air filter. 72. Insulation, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the shelter 75. 73.Hull, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the (shelter 75), 74. In one embodiment the shelter in FIG XX. is equipped with an air climate system 400 for pressurized air with the schematic description in FIG 6, said system for pressurized air integrated in the functions of 12-19, 43, 60. In one embodiment the air climate center 400 has it intake 401 above the door, but is closed automatically when the outer or inner safety doors are closed. In one embodiment the shield of the outer door 91 covers the tubing into the hull or through the hull to the inner space Inner safety door, blast safe 90. Hatch to keelshelter

[0263] FIG 40 - 47 Illustrates segmental cross-sections of the shelter with RADOF hull with air-hook, keel, external door shielding, landing gear, stabilizators, and RADOF hull.

[0264] FIG 48 - 53 Illustrates cross-sections in each plane of the shelter with details of the air-hook.

[0265] FIG 54 - 56 Illustrates cross-sections in each plane of the shelter with external hull on the short ends.

[0266] FIG 57 Illustrates only the placement of a water tank (RADOF) outside the innerspace. The reset of the hull and the outer layer and details of the RADOF not shown.

[0267] FIG 58 Outer hull 608 made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations thereof, 609 insulation layer can be made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, Plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass, in one embodiment the insulation layer is made out of a twin layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment the twin-layers are made of hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. The Innerlayer 610 can be made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations of these, in one embodiment 610 is made of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electrogalvanized sheet, electro-galvanized spiral sheet or hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. RADOF 611 or water tank 220.

[0268] FIG 59 Illustrates cross-sections of a multilayer shelter with RADOF.

[0269] FIG 60-65 Illustrates embodiments with curved, elliptical and semicircular end sections of the invention to better deflect blast waves, and to increase the seaworthiness.

[0270] FIG 66 Shelter 79, an outer hull 608 made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations thereof, 609 insulation layer can be made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, Plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass, in one embodiment the insulation layer is made out of a twin layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment the twin-layers are made of hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. External doors 71 Blast shield on external door 91 in one embodiment the blast shielding of the external door is covering the channel 92 into the RADOF 611 in the hull including and the air intake 401. RADOF 611 in this figure there are two RADOFs, one outer 614 and one inner 615. Inner space 616. Insulation, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the shelter 75. 73. Hull, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the (shelter 75), 74. In one embodiment the channel 93 into the outer RADOF is covered by the blast shield 91 on the external door 71. Inner door 90. In one embodiment the inner door is made by laminated glass. Inner space 612

[0271] FIG 67 Lower cross section of FIG 66 Shelter 79, an outer hull 608 made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations thereof, 609 insulation layer can be made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, Plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass, in one embodiment the insulation layer is made out of a twin layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment the twin-layers are made of hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. External doors 71 Blast shield on external door 91 in one embodiment the blast shielding of the external door is covering the channel 92 into the RADOF 611 in the hull including and the air intake 401. RADOF 611 in this figure there are two RADOFs, one outer 614 and one inner 615. Inner space 616. Insulation, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the shelter 75. 73. Hull, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the (shelter 75), 74. In one embodiment the channel 93 into the outer RADOF is covered by the blast shield 91 on the external door 71. Inner door. In one embodiment the inner door is made by laminated glass. Inner space 612

[0272] FIG 68 Shelter 79, an outer hull 608 made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations thereof, 609 insulation layer can be made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, Plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass, in one embodiment the insulation layer is made out of a twin layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment the twin-layers are made of hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. External doors 71 Blast shield on external door 91 in one embodiment the blast shielding of the external door is covering the channel or the channels into the RADOF in the hull including the air intake 401. Insulation, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the shelter 75. 73 Hull, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the (shelter 75), 74. In one embodiment the channel 93 into the outer RADOF is covered by the blast shield 91 on the external door 71. Inner door 90. In one embodiment the inner door is made by laminated glass. Inner space 612. Suspension balances the gravity of the hull-layers and the inner-space when the RADOF is full, filled, emptied or empty with regards to different fluids, gases or mixtures therof 617.

[0273] FIG 69 Shelter 79, an outer hull 608 made of aluminum, titanium, alloy steel or iron or galvanized combinations thereof, 609 insulation layer can be made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, Plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass, in one embodiment the insulation layer is made out of a twin layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment the twin-layers are made of hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet. External doors 71 Blast shield on external door 91 in one embodiment the blast shielding of the external door is covering the channel 92 into the RADOF 611 in the hull including and the air intake 401. RADOF 611 in this figure there are two RADOFs, one outer 614 and one inner 615. Inner space 616. Insulation, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the shelter 75. 73. Hull, in one embodiment the insulation covers the whole circumference of the (shelter 75), 74. In one embodiment a high channel 95 into the outer RADOF is covered by a back-blast-shield 96 on the back-external door ( second door ) 97. Inner door 98. In one embodiment a partial one-way hinder 99 for the air functioning as a choke, damp or register is added to enhance the rotation of the air or fluid in the RADOF to change the conditioning of the temperature. This kind of hinder can be added in any RADOF e.g. 614 and 615. In one embodiment the 99 is comprised by elevations that increase and decrease the distance between the inner and outer layer of the RADOF. In one embodiment the RADOF is spiraled with valleys and heights. The partial or total hinder for the flow of the fluid, gas or air in the volume in different parts of the RADOF intend to increase the conditioning and flow between a cool and a heated side of the RADOF secondary to the expansion and pressure changes sedentary to thermal differences. In one embodiment there is low channels 93 and high channels 94 to increase the flow of cool air into the RADOF and heated air from the RADOF.

[0274] FIG 70-72 Illustrates the extent of enclose of the innerspace by the RADOF in relation to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter ” The set of points an equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center.

[0275] Example: In different hazards the shelter need to be handled in different ways, for example in avalanche risk the outer door open can be kept open and the inner door which swings inwards can be closed.

[0276] Examples of hazards that may causes great damage, destruction and human suffering are. Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave, Drought, Earthquake, Hail, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation.

[0277] Example: In different hazards the shelter need to be handled in different ways, for example in avalanche risk the outer door open can be kept open and the inner door which swings inwards can be closed. For most hazards the hull will best protect from damage with a closed door e.g. Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave, Earthquake, Hail, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation. Example: In flooding e.g. coastal flooding, riverine flooding, tsunami, flash flood, flood the RADOF will float as it is buoyant. In one embodiment the RADOF is anchored to stay over the same place. In the case of turbulent or violent flood the door is closed. In case of calm water, the door can be opened.

[0278] Example: In Cold Wave the RADOF layer is filled with air to increase insulation. The RADOF is built to facilitate ventilation of the RADOF layers. In one embodiment a fan or a pump is added to facilitate flow within the RADOF.

[0279] Example: In hazards which include contaminated air or contaminated particles in the air which can include most hazards as industrial accidents can be caused by all, the air climate system will provide protection, and can be turned of during short periods as the shelter can be equipped with additional air and oxygen tubes. Examples of hazards that may cause or in themselves bring contaminated air are e.g. Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Cold Wave, Drought, Earthquake, Hail, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation.

[0280] Example: Drought with heat and heat wave, Heat is spread by irradiation. Sun increases warmth on a shelter, and shadow or absence of sun irradiation decreases it in relation to the side irradiated by the sun. In the same way, fire increases the thermal irradiation on a side where a fire is blazing. These are examples of situations where there are temperature differences on the different sides of the shelter sides of the shelter.

[0281] In the case where temperature differences are present these drive an airflow where the pressure and volume of the gas is increased in relation to temperature. In addiction the presence of water molecules in the air drive airflow and wind through condensation and evaporation.

[0282] The RADOF can be utilized to cool and heat the shelter. In one embodiment, in the case of external heat the RADOF is used to cool the shelter by insulation and irradiation of heat on the shadow side. It is an advantage of the RADOF to have a proportion of water or other evaporating and condensating fluid in the RADOF where evaporation during sunlight drives the temperature in the shelter down, while condensation on the shadow side increases the temperature dming day time, in one embodiment the distance between the layers in the RADOF are .

[0283] Flow of cold fluid through the RADOF may also decrease the temperature.

[0284] Airflow through the RADOFs may also decrease the temperature.

[0285] Example: The RADOF shelter may be transported by air, land or water. The placement of the RADOF is important as it will improve the RADOF ability to withstand hazards.

[0286] Example: Blast the RADOF is constructed to protect the human in the shelter from blast or missiles including blasts or thrown around by blasts, riverine flooding, volcano eruptions or tornadoes.

[0287] The RADOF enclose the shelter and delivers a blanced and when the RADOF is filled with fluid e.g. water the RADOF brings stability and suspensions as well as protection against irradiation.

[0288] Example: The RADOF shelter can be transported and lifted more easy than present shelters with the same grade of protection with the RADOF layer empty or filled with gas in one embodiment with helium or other light gas as the weight of the RADOF decreases. When the RADOF is deployed on the place where protection is needed fluid e.g. water can be added into the RADOF to increase protection from blast and irradiation.

[0289] These hazards have in common that the best way to survive is to if possible evacuate before the event that risk to cause great damage occurs, or, be in a safe place within the hazardous area when the hazard occurs. The hazards are pose threats in a range of different ways. The majority cause damage to infrastructure e.g. roads but also to networks that support communication, e.g. Avalanche, Coastal Flooding, Earthquake, Hail, Hurricane, Ice Storm, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Oil spills, Terrorist attacks, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation. The RADOF shelter provides an area for safety, before, during and after the hazard, and it is an advantage of the present invention that in addition the RADOF is transportable by airlift. The transportation in the area provides a mean for the humans in the shelter to be transported from the hazard zone into safety without being exposed to irradiation and without putting the transport team at risk for contamination or irradiation. The humans having taken shelter in the RADOF shelter can be transported directly to decontamination and care.

[0290] Example: To provide safe transport, the RADOF shelter, the hull of the RADOF and the suspension in the RADOF shelter can be made of different materials or combinations thereof e.g. Coil springs, Leaf springs, Steel Suspension springs, Allow steel suspension springs, titantium suspension springs, Composite material suspension springs, Rubber suspension springs, Steel suspension: Durability, cost effective, wide availability, good shock absorption, high stiffness, temperature resistance Alloy: Reduced weight, improved fatigue resistance, high tensile strength, Titannium: High strength to weight ratio, low thermal expansion, long lifespan, corrosion resistance. Composite: Light weight, customizable stiffness, damping. Rubber: Reduced noise and vibration, low maintenance, corrosion resistant. Wheels: Turning and reducing friction.

[0291] The RADOF shelter, when placed in an aqequate place for protection service, can be filled with fluid e.g. water. The water provides additional shelter from high energy irradiation not possible to be transported by airlift and additional suspension and wall strength in the occasion the RADOF is hit by a blast.

[0292] Example: To provide possibility to airlift and transport the weight is limited to the RADOF shelter. In one embodiment the shelter according to any of the preceding claims with a total weight less than 15000 lbs. In another embodiment the shelter according to any of the preceding claims with a total weight less than 25000 lbs.

[0293] Example: The light weight gas can help filling up the RADOF with fluid when placed in the place for service and shelter. When coupling the water pipe to the channel into the RADOF a second channel can be opened where the helium will diffundate into the air, and the water will be sucked into the RADOF.

[0294] Example: Several hazards also affect the temperature, and the even if the hazard primarily isn’t caused about temperature, hypothermia or hyperthermia may be a secondary threat to the survivors after the primary event has damaged their shelter e.g. Avalanche, Cold Wave, Drought, Hail, Heat Wave, Ice Storm, Fire, Freezing rain, Heat Wave, Limnic Eruption, Tropical Cyclone, Volcanic Eruption, Explosions, Nuclear irradiation. The RADOF shelter protects from hypothermia.

[0295] Example: A few hazards cause changes to the gases of the air or create pollution carried with haze in the air which may is hazardous, e.g. Volcanic Eruption, Limnic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Nuclear Irradiation. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter protects from air pollution by being equipped overpressure ventilation system used in buildings to prevent entry of fire, smoke or other gases. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides a seamless and sealed inner space that provides protection according to biohazard standards. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, biosafety level (BSL). In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, BSL-1. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, biosafety level (BSL). In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, BSL-2. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, biosafety level (BSL). In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, BSL-3. In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, biosafety level (BSL). In one embodiment the RADOF shelter provides protection according to biohazard standard, BSL-4.

[0296] Several hazards include increased density of particles in the air. The highest barometric pressure ever recorded on earth was 1085.7 hectopascal. The subsidence produced directly under a high pressure system can lead to a buildup of particulates leading to a widespread haze. Haze, an atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates suspended in air obscure visibility and the clarity of the sky. Haze particles may act as condensation nuclei that leads to subsequent vapor condensation and formation of mist droplets; such forms of haze are known as ” wet haze ’’.The World Meteorological Organization manual of codes includes a classification of particulates causing horizontal obscuration into categories of fog, ice fog, steam fog, mist, haze, smoke, volcanic ash, dust sand and snow. Sources for particles that cause haze include war, traffic, industry, windy weather, volcanic activity and wildfires. Haze is associated with pollution and makes contamination from particulates more severe.

[0297] Example: Several hazards also include sudden major changes in air pressure which may cause injury to humans which are exposed to the shock wave e.g. terrrorist attacks, explosions, industrial events. Ina addition, several hazards including flying objects which can cause damage if a shelter cannot withstand the hit of a blunt object or penetration of a bullet or a missile, Hail, Hurricane, Landslide, Lightning, Riverine Flooding, Strong Wind, Tornado, Tsunami, Fire, Flood including flash flood, Tropical Cyclone, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption, Industrial Accident, Terrorist attacks, Explosions. The RADOF shelter, the hull of the RADOF has the composition of a composite armor with an external layer, which in one embodiment is made of metal e.g. steel, stainless steel, titanium or aluminum or combinations thereof, thereafter a possible RADOF layer comes whereafter an additional metal layer or a in one embodiment a composite insulation layer comes e.g. polyeten, PE 100 RC, plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass or laminated glass, hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized spiral sheet or hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet, reinforced concrete or concrete, hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. In one embodiment, inside the insulation layer, an additional RADOF is placed. The inner hull can be made of any material appropriate for an inner layer, in one embodiment it is made of steel, stainless steel, titanium or aluminum or combinations thereof. In one embodiment all surfaces towards the RADOF is aluminum, titanium or copper to provide good water protection. Lead can be added in any place to increase irradiation protection.

[0298] In one embodiement the overpressure in the RADOF shelter there is a positive air flow system this permits a clean environment in the shelter with a positive air pressure flowing from the shelter. In one embodiment the positive air flow is flowing from the innermost part of the RADOF shelter towards the door or the doors.

[0299] In one embodiment the positive air flow is flowing from the habit area through the shower to the undressment area. In one embodiment the positive air flow is flowing from the habit area through the shower to the undressment area where it is exited to the outside through a filtered ventilation.

[0300] Logistic movement of the victims using the RADOF shelter.

[0301] In one example the movement within the shelter is against the airflow. It is understood that it is an advantage of the invention in case of a radiation accident to allow the victims of the radiation accident to enter the undressment area 6 where they undress to leave radioactive material on the clothing outside the shelter, whereafter the victims move against a positive air flow into the shower 4 where they rinse radioactive material from their skin and after which they move against positive airflow further through into the shelter.

[0302] In one embodiment the victims continue to move against positive air flow from the shelter through a clean corridor where the airflow shifts direction. In the clean corridor clean clothes or overalls may be stored to be picked up of the clean victims having passed the shelter.

[0303] From the clean corridor they move with positive airflow to the dressing room where they dress into their new clothing.

[0304] From the dressment area they may move outside the shelter. In one embodiment the shelter is connected to a second vehicle or container to provide further transport or shelter. In one embodiment a tent is added to the shelter outside the dressment area.

[0305] In one embodiment the energy to the container ventilation and / or cooling system as well as indoor and / or outdoor lights is provided from a high-voltage battery with a twelve volt battery as reserve.

[0306] In one embodiment, solar panels and a solar energy system is providing energy, the solar panels may be fitted on the side or on the roof of the system.

[0307] The embodiment and the present invention may vary depending on the application. Exemplary application for use in the practice of the invention include, but are not limited to a rescue unit in an area contaminated or with the risk to be contaminated by a nuclear accident either from a nuclear reactor of any size, nuclear waste, nuclear fuel or nuclear warheads or material enriched to be used in nuclear warheads. The invention also may be used in areas contaminated after a nuclear bomb explosion or after several nuclear bomb explosions. The invention also may be used during the evacuation from an area contaminated by any of the above causes, on a freight airplane, a freight helicopter or a marine or submarine wessel or any land transportation such as a car, van, buss, lorry or truck or space craft.

[0308] One example would be to use the present invention in an area where injured people are gathered such as a triage area or a field hospital or a hospital. One preferred use of the invention are within vehicles or modules placed in above areas or vehicles or modules moving into any areas above to operate in an environment with radiation. EXAMPLE

[0309] It is a preferred embodiment of the invention to provide a RADOF shelter within the scope of the claims with an air-climate-system 400 comprising the following description and in addition to said following descpription, said air-climate system being able to deliver an additional level of pressure within the shelter: Airliner overpressure cabins: Following sections refer to: [ The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew, 2002, National Research Council (US) Committee on Air Quality in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002 ]. Commercial jet aircraft are designed to cany passengers safely and comfortably from one point to another. The external environments of the aircraft include taxing, takeoff, cruise, and descent; outside temperature from below -55 degree Celsius (-65 degree Fahrenheit) to over 50 degree Celsius (122 degree Fahrenheit); ambient pressure from about 10.1 kPa (1.5 psi) to 101 kPa (15 psi); and water content from virtually dry to greater than saturation. For aircraft to transport people in those extremes of external environment, they are equipped with environmental control systems (ECSs) that provide a suitable indoor environment.

[0310] A number of aircraft systems are involved in meeting the environmental needs, including the propulsion system (engines), which is a source of pressurized air; the pneumatic system, which processes and distributes the pressurized air; and the ECS, which conditions the pressurized air and supplies it to the cabin.

[0311] The minimal cabin pressure is set by Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 25, which requires the pressurization system to ’’provide a cabin pressure altitude of not more than 8000 ft [2440 m]” under normal operating conditions. This limit of 2440 m (8000 ft) corresponds to a cabin pressure of 75 kPa ( 10.9 psi). Thus the cabin pressure can range from a maximum of 101 kPa (14.7 psi) on the ground at sea level to a minimum of 75 kPa (10.9 psi) in flight regardless of the altitude at which the aircraft flies.

[0312] For structural reasons, the difference between the internal and external pressures are not allowed to exceed about 55-62 kPa (8-9 psi), depending on the aircraft.

[0313] A typical sedentary adult consumes oxygen at about 0.44 g / min (0.001 Ib / min). With the FAR 25 minimal design outside-air flow rate of 0.25 kg / min (0.55 Ib / min) per cabin occupant, oxygen is brought into the cabin at 0.058 kg / min (0.127 Ib / min) per person. Oxygen consumption by the occupants reduces the oxygen partial pressure by about 0.8% in this case, compared with a oxygen partial pressure reduction of up to 25% due to the reduced cabin pressure. Thus, adequate oxygen concentrations in the cabin are maintained, even at ventilation rates far below those specified in FAR 25, as long as the cabin is adequately pressurized.

[0314] Contaminants generated in the aircraft cabin air are eliminated by ventilating the cabin with outside air. The compressed outside air that is used for pressurization in the cabin is the same air that is used for ventilation. Pressurization and ventilation, however, serve very different purposes. For ventilation, outside air is used to dilute contaminants in the air and flush them out of the cabin. As described below, the rate of flow of outside air has a substantial and direct impact on the concentration of contaminants in the cabin air. The flow rate has a negligible effect on the PO2, in that only a tiny portion of the oxygen in this air is consumed by the aircraft occupants. A typical sedentary adult consumes oxygen at about 0.44 g / min (0.001 Ib / min). With the FAR 25 minimal design outside-air flow rate of 0.25 kg / min (0.55 Ib / min) per cabin occupant, oxygen is brought into the cabin at 0.058 kg / min (0.127 Ib / min) per person. Oxygen consumption by the occupants reduces the PO2 levels by about 0.8% in this case, compared with a PO2 reduction of up to 25% due to the reduced cabin pressure, as explained earlier. Thus, adequate oxygen concentrations in the cabin are maintained, even at ventilation rates far below those specified in FAR 25, as long as the cabin is adequately pressurized.

[0315] Contaminants can originate in the cabin itself or in sources outside the cabin. Furthermore, the concentrations of contaminants in the cabin are subject to change as a result of fluctuations in the source emission and ventilation rates. Some contaminants degrade or react with other chemicals in the cabin. The following sections discuss the generation, distribution, and elimination of contaminants in cabin air.

[0316] Contaminants Originating in the Aircraft Cabin

[0317] The basic steady-state ventilation equation for a particular contaminant “i” may be expressed as follows (derived from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 1997a):

[0318] Dc,i=Do,i+Si / Vb, (Equation 1) where

[0319] De is contaminant density in cabin air, kg / m3 (lb / ft3),

[0320] Do is density of contaminant in outside air used for ventilation, kg / m3 (lb / ft3),

[0321] S is strength of contaminant source, kg / s (Ib / s), and

[0322] Vo is ventilation rate of outside air, m3 / s (ft3 / s).

[0323] To be accurate, both Vo and Do,i should be evaluated at cabin temperature and pressure. For gaseous contaminants, it is easier to work in terms of concentrations rather than densities, and the above equation can be expressed as follows:

[0324] Cc,i=Co,i+(Si MWa) / (mo MWi), (Equation 2) where

[0325] Cc is volume fraction of contaminant in cabin air,

[0326] Co is volume fraction of contaminant in outside air used for ventilation,

[0327] S is strength of contaminant source, kg / s (Ib / s), mo is ventilation rate of outside air, kg / s (Ib / s),

[0328] MWa is molecular weight of air (28.96), and

[0329] MW is molecular weight of contaminant.

[0330] An example of the application of Equation 2 for carbon dioxide (CO2) is as follows. The CO2 concentration in the cabin air may be related to the rate at which outside air is supplied to the cabin by the ventilation system. A typical sedentary person will generate CO2 at about 7.7x10-6 kg / s. The concentration of CO2 in clean outdoor air is about 0.037%. The molecular weight of CO2 is 44.01 g / mol. If the occupants are the only source of CO2 in the cabin, Equation 2 becomes

[0331] Cc,C02=0.00037+N(7.7 lO-6)(0.658 / mo), (Equation 3) where N is the number of occupants and 0.658 is the ratio of the molecular weights of air and CO2. Equation 3 can be used to relate ventilation rates to measured values of CO2 concentrations as long as respiration is the dominant source of CO2 in the cabin and the outside CO2 concentration is not above typical values. The CO2 concentration with the FAR 25 minimal design ventilation rate for aircraft of 0.0042 kg / s per person (0.25 kg / min) can be estimated as

[0332] Cc, C02=0.00037+(7.7xl0-6)(0.658 / 0.0042)=0.00158=1, 580 ppm.

[0333] Other ventilation rates will result in higher or lower CO2 concentrations according to Equation 3. It should be pointed out that CO2, at the concentrations present in this example is not noticeable by the occupants, nor is it considered hazardous. However, occupant-generated CO2 is produced roughly in proportion to other occupant-generated bioeffluents that can affect perceived air quality. The concentration of CO2 is sometimes used as an indicator of the concentration of other contaminants.

[0334] The ventilation requirements in the FAR are given in terms of mass flow. However, it is common to state ventilation flows in volumetric terms such as liters per second or cubic feet per minute; this practice can lead to confusion in that the relationship between mass flows and volumetric flows depends on the ambient pressure and temperature.

[0335] The preceding discussion dealt with contaminants that are generated in the cabin and that can be effectively controlled by ventilation. However, other contaminants can be in the outside air, such as ozone (03) or can be picked up in the air supply system, such as leaking oil. Obviously, it is not possible to control or eliminate those contaminants through an increased ventilation flow rate. If the source of the contaminant exists for only a short time (e.g., during deicing), effective control can be achieved by turning off the flow of outside air while the source is present. That control measure is not an option in flight, because of the requirements for pressurization; nor is it an option when the source is present for more than a short time (e.g., 15 min). Some reduction in concentrations of such cabin air contaminants can be achieved by using the minimal practical flow of outside air and increasing the flow of recirculated air if the recirculation filters are effective at removing the contaminants in question.

[0336] At high altitudes, especially at high latitudes, 03 concentrations in the outside air can be high enough for their introduction into the cabin to result in 03 concentrations that exceed the FAR 25 limit of 0.25 ppm by volume at any time above 32,000 ft (9,800 m) or above a time-weighted average of 0.1 ppm during any 3-h flight above 27,000 ft (8,200 m). Therefore, catalytic destruction of the 03 in the incoming air is used on some aircraft ECS to meet the FAR requirement.

[0337] With the exception of 03, the outside air at cruise altitudes is generally quite pure and requires no additional cleaning. The outside air at or near ground level, however, can contain a wide variety of contaminants from industrial and urban sources. In addition to outside air contaminants, leaking hydraulic fluid, spilled fuel, or deicing fluid can be entrained in the air supply systems; few, if any, aircraft have cleaning systems to remove any of these contaminants.

[0338] Equations 1 through 3 describe contaminant concentrations under steady-state conditions. Contaminant concentrations in the cabin do not change immediately when the controlling characteristics of ventilation flow rate and contaminant source strength are changed. It takes time for contaminant concentrations to build up to steady-state conditions after introduction of a source and to decline after the source is removed or ventilation begins. The time it takes for contaminant concentrations to approach steady-state conditions in aircraft is short, typically around 5-15 min, and is proportional to the quantity derived by dividing the volume of the space being ventilated by the ventilation rate. Such a rapid response means that there is only a short lag in the buildup of contaminants once they are introduced. It also means that the contaminants are flushed from the cabin quickly once the source is eliminated. In that respect, aircraft differ from buildings, in which it can take several hours to reach a steady state when ventilation rates are those recommended in American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62 (1999b).

[0339] Because contaminants can concentrate so quickly in an aircraft cabin, it is important that the ECS not be shut down for an extended period when the aircraft is occupied (except in an emergency). When the ECS is not operating, contaminant concentrations can become excessive and temperature uncomfortably high rapidly — in less than 15 min for a fully loaded aircraft in a hot environment.

[0340] Some contaminants react with other substances or decompose after they enter the cabin environment. Whether the contaminants decompose or combine with other chemicals once they are in the cabin can have an important effect on the contaminant concentrations in the cabin (Weschler and Shields 2000). The residence time of a contaminant in the cabin (the average length of time from introduction of the contaminant until it is flushed from the cabin by ventilation) has an important influence on the concentration of reactive contaminants in that it determines how long a contaminant has to decompose or react. As with transient responses discussed previously, residence time is proportional to the quantity derived by dividing the volume of the space by the ventilation flow rate, so residence time in aircraft is typically much shorter than in buildings. Residence time is particularly important for 03 and its byproducts (see Chapter 3 for additional discussion).

[0341] The air conditioning systems can provide air at a wide range of temperatures. However, there is a lower limit at which air can be supplied to the cabin without creating uncomfortable cold drafts near the inlets, typically about 10°C (50°F), and even at that temperature only with good air circulation in the cabin and good diffuser design [ASHRAE 1997a], Consequently, the system must be designed with an air flow rate that is adequate to meet the largest heat load with this temperature of supply air. An example will demonstrate this principle.

[0342] The average heat generation by a comfortable, sedentary person, excluding heat loss due to evaporation of moisture, is about 70 W [ASHRAE 1997b], The total heat load in an aircraft cabin will include heat loads from electronics and heat gain through the aircraft skin. For the purpose of this example, the total heat load will be taken as twice the occupant-generated amount, or 140 W / person. If the cabin temperature is kept in the middle of the ASHRAE “comfort envelope” [ASHRAE 1992] at 23°C and the air is supplied to the cabin at 10°C, Equation 2-4 can be used to determine the required rate of flow of conditioned air to the cabin:

[0343] 23°C=10°C+(140 / ms)(l / l ,000)=>ms=0.0108 kg / s person= 0.646 kg / min- person. That is, adequate temperature control in the cabin requires that conditioned air be supplied to the cabin at about 0.65 kg / min (1.4 Ib / min) per person to maintain a comfortable temperature. This requirement is more than twice the FAR 25 requirement of 0.25 kg / min per person for outside air and provides one rationale for recirculating cabin air (see section on recirculation).

[0344] Air Distribution and Circulation

[0345] The ventilation system does more than supply outside air to the cabin. It also distributes and circulates air in the cabin. Moving outside air into the cabin at one or a few locations will not provide adequate contaminant removal and acceptable thermal conditions throughout the cabin. On the contrary, parts of the cabin would get very cold and other parts hot; similarly, parts of the cabin would have clean, fresh air and other parts stagnant, stale, and unpleasant air. An important function of the ECS is to distribute fresh air throughout the cabin by providing good air circulation for uniform temperature conditions; another is to flush out contaminated air. [The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew, 2002, National Research Council (US) Committee on Air Quality in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002.]

[0346] Oxygen supply to the cabin is delivered through oxygen cylinders assembled at an oxygen assembly station with a filler valve, a relief valve, and regulators as well as a central system shutoff valve.

[0347] In therapeutic delivery systems, such as nitrous oxide, an Oxygen Failure Protection Device (OFPD) fail safe valves are present in the gas line supplying each of the flow meters except 02. This valve is controlled by the 02 supply pressure and shuts of or proportionally decreases the supply pressure of all other gasses as the 02 supply pressure decreases. These are present in anesthesia machines where standard is set to design a machine where the oxygen supply pressure is reduced below normal, the oxygen concentration at the common gas outlet does not fall below 19%. The OFPD may be replaced by a Pressure sensor shut-off valve.

[0348] Systems supplied with air usually have an air intake filter, a compressor and a pressure relief valve. Thereafter the air may be diverted to an after cooler with a moisture separator with and automatic drain trap, or go directly to an air receiver. Therafter the air may be diverted to a particle filter followed by an air dryer and an oil removal filter. Thereafter the air may be distributed by secondary receivers, and a filter followed by pressure regulators.

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[0393] Table A5 UV Irradiance of natural summer sun at noon at selected locations and of tanning devices. This table is form the publication in Photochemistry and Photobiology (’’Trends in UV Irradiance of Tanning Devices in Norway: 1983-2005”, Lili Tove N. Nilsen et al. Published article online 9. April 2008 ).

[0394] LTN Nilsen, Indoor tanning in Norway. Regulations and inspections. StralevernRapport 2008:9. Osteras: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, 2008.

[0395] Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive materials National Research Council (US) Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999.

[0396] RL Prentice et al. 1983 Relationship of cigarette smoking and radiation exposure to cancer mortality in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. J Natt cancer Inst. 1983 Apr; 70(4):611-22.

[0397] DA Pierce et al. 2003, Joint effects of radiation and smoking on lung cancer risk among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat. Res 159:511-520. 2003.

[0398] F.E. van Leeuwen et al. 1995, Roles of radiotherapy and smoking in lung cancer following Hodgkin’s disease. J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 87: 1530-1537.

[0399] ES Gilbert et al. 2003, Lung Cancer after treatment for Hodgkin’s disease focus on radiation effects. Radiat. Res 159: 161-173.

[0400] Estelle-Rage et al. 2012, Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality in Relation to Lung Dose among French Uranium Miners: Follow-Up 1956-1999. Radiat. Res. 177, 288-297 (2012).

[0401] ” Life in the shelter ” 1984 the informational film produced by the Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Condor Documentaries Zurich I DDPS

[0402] Source:CIE S 017: - entry 17-26-065.

[0403] ISO / CIE 17166:2019(en).

[0404] UVB (TL-01), UVB (solarium), 9 - 11 J / cmA2), thousands of full length machines in Germany and USA [ Koek M.B.G. et al. 2006 ]. Erythemal units (EU), 46 EU of heliotherapy v.s. 112 EU of UVB therapy to clear psoriasis [ Snellman. E. 1992 ]. The Erythemal exposure is between 100 - 600 J / cmA2.

[0405] Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive materials National Research Council (US) Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999. RL Prentice et al. 1983 Relationship of cigarette smoking and radiation exposure to cancer mortality in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. J Natt cancer Inst. 1983 Apr; 70(4):611-22.

[0406] DA Pierce et al. 2003, Joint effects of radiation and smoking on lung cancer risk among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat. Res 159:511-520. 2003.

[0407] F.E. van Leeuwen et al. 1995, Roles of radiotherapy and smoking in lung cancer following Hodgkin’s disease. J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 87: 1530-1537.

[0408] ES Gilbert et al. 2003, Lung Cancer after treatment for Hodgkin’s disease focus on radiation effects. Radiat. Res 159: 161-173.

[0409] Estelle-Rage et al. 2012, Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality in Relation to Lung Dose among French Uranium Miners: Follow-Up 1956-1999. Radiat. Res. 177, 288-297 (2012).

[0410] THE INVENTION CLAIMED IS

[0411] 1. A multilayer shelter, termed a RADOF shelter, where the hull of the shelter, said hull including an inner hull and an outer hull, said hull consists of at least three hull-layers including the outer hull and the inner hull, at least one hull-layer between the inner hull and the outer hull being the recipient and donor of fluid (RADOF), said fluid received and donated to said RADOF from a channel into the RADOF through at least one of the hull-layers containing the RADOF, said multilayer shelter with an inner space within the inner hull, said inner space limited by the walls of the inner hull and said space limited by the frame of at least one passage allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter, where the volume of at least one of the multilayers between the outer hull comprising said RADOF, said RADOF limited by the hull-layers containing the RADOF and the outside of the frame of the said doorway, the volume between said inner hull and the outermost hull, the hullvolume, including said RADOF, said hull- volume 1 / 10 as voluminous as the volume of said inner- space and the maximal volume between the inner and the outer hull is 9 / 10 as voluminous as said inner-space, said inner-space accessible through a doorway with a door-opening-mechanism locked from the inside of the shelter, said door-opening-mechanism constructed to overrule a the door- closing-mechanism applied from the outside.

[0412] 2. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and receival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air.

[0413] 3. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims the volume of said inner space of at least two cubic meters, and the maximal inner volume of the inner space within said inner hull of at the most 500 cubic meters

[0414] 4. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer-hull contain two layers of RADOF, said RADOFs independently filled and emptied from fluid.

[0415] 5. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 1 / 2 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 1 / 2 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 1 / 2 extent.

[0416] 6. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 3 / 4 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 3 / 4 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 3 / 4 extent.

[0417] 7. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 17 / 20 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 17 / 20 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner- space to an 17 / 20 extent. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is a sum of all the extent of all the RADOFs in the multilayer hull. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said insulation layers including materials with thermal conductivity, lambda below < 3 (W / mK). Said insulation layer made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass or laminated glass, hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized spiral sheet or hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet, reinforced concrete or concrete. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said embodiment the layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner-space climate is ventilated by an air-climate system providing air supplied from the outside to the inner space. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims, comprising an decontaminationsystem, a HEPA13 filter, an air decontamination system including a pyro sulfuric acid system, which has pyro sulfuric acid for scrubbing a threat agent from the air, a sulfur trioxide condenser, and a bicarbonate / carbonate scrubber. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims comprising any of the following a compressor, a pressure relief valve an aftercooler a moisture separator with automatic drain trap, an air receiver, a particle filter, an air Dryer, an oil removal filter, distributive air supply channels, secondary receiver, filter, pressure regulator, air dispenser, air supply tube, shutoff valve. The Inner-space in any of the preceding claims having a pressure of > 5 Pa of the outside pressure. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims comprising solar panels mounted on the outside of the hull to supply the RADOF with energy. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed on the lower part of the hull determined by the place where the outside hull is closest to the center of gravity. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed as close to the provision as possible, id est, cabling from solar panels placed under the solar panels, cabling for ventilation placed closed to the ventilation grid, tubing for RADOF filling close to the opening in the RADOF layer. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the outside hull has any of the following forms or combination of the following forms, circular, elliptic, semicircular, semielliptic, quadratic, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, septagonal, octagonal. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where two manway passages are present from the outside to the inside hull. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where pneumatic assistance is supplied to the deliberated opening of a manway from the inside. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 15001 lbs. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 25001 lbs. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is provided with information on information on the situation outside e.g. video camera, camera with night vision of the surroundings, camera with thermal vision, outside temperature, outside irradiation, outside humidity. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is equipped with seats with belts for air-lift. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims floating in water where the weight of its immersed parts is equal to the total weight of the floating body of the OPUTUS The RADOF in any of the preceding claims anchored to the place where it is placed The RADOF in any of the preceding claims where the connection to the airlift is connected to the anchor connection in the way that when the RADOF is airlifted, by the airlift-anchor-mechanism the anchor releases itself. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the the center of gravity (eg) is below the center of buoyancy. The center of buoyancy also termed the metacenter as the metacenter is the point where the vertical centreline and the vector of the floating force intersects. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the symmetrical about its vertical centerline, the weight acts on the center of mass on the centerline of the RADOF. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the RADOF is equipped with one or several gyros to maintain stability in airlift or as a floating object. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising two separate passages allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and recival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the hull-layers are suspended to one or several hull-layers outside said hull-layer. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said suspension comprise one or several of the following, chains, coils, leaf or air springs. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said an outer shell capable of meeting at least one physical standard appropriate to outer shells. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain an internal working space having a construction and having an environmental support means together capable of being carried out within the working space. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain a space having a contraction to support transport of humans by air or by land, e.g. seats and belts. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space has an overpressure ventilation system to prevent entry of fire, smoke or other gases with an overpressure safety flap working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with impermissibly high pressure e.g. one or more overpressure safety flaps working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with an impermissibly high pressure. The safety flap may be weight or loaded. The overpressure safety flap may be installed after the ventilation fan in a pressure side air feed duct or in the protected room itself. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space overpressure ventilation to prevent the entry of fire, smoke or other gases in the protected inner space has for the ventilation one or more fans. The shelter according to any of the preceding claims equipped with a meter for measurement of ionizing irradiation comprise a geier-muller meter (GMM) of end Window type with a high amount of gas for low energy X-rays, a GMM of Pancake tube with a wide window and a thin gas space for higher detection, a GMM of Windowless type, a GMM of thin walled type or a GMM of thick walled type, an ionization chamber, a gaseous ionization detector, a photodetector, a scintillation counter, a semiconductor detector, personal radiation dosimeter, a film badge, a quartz fibre dosimeter, a thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD), an electronic dosimeter or combinations of these.

Claims

1. A multilayer shelter, termed a RADOF shelter, where the hull of the shelter, said hull including an inner hull and an outer hull, said hull consists of at least three hull-layers including the outer hull and the inner hull, at least one hull-layer between the inner hull and the outer hull being the recipient and donor of fluid (RADOF), said fluid received and donated to said RADOF from a channel into the RADOF through at least one of the hull-layers containing the RADOF, said multilayer shelter with an inner space within the inner hull, said inner space limited by the walls of the inner hull and said space limited by the frame of at least one passage allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter, where the volume of at least one of the multilayers between the outer hull comprising said RADOF, said RADOF limited by the hull-layers containing the RADOF and the outside of the frame of the said doorway, the volume between said inner hull and the outermost hull, the hullvolume, including said RADOF, said hull- volume 1 / 10 as voluminous as the volume of said inner- space and the maximal volume between the inner and the outer hull is 9 / 10 as voluminous as said inner-space, said inner-space accessible through a doorway with a door-opening-mechanism locked from the inside of the shelter, said door-opening-mechanism constructed to overrule a the door- closing-mechanism applied from the outside.

2. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and receival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air.

3. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims the volume of said inner space of at least two cubic meters, and the maximal inner volume of the inner space within said inner hull of at the most 500 cubic meters4. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer-hull contain two layers of RADOF, said RADOFs independently filled and emptied from fluid.

5. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 1 / 2 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 1 / 2 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 1 / 2 extent.

6. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 3 / 4 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 3 / 4 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner-space to an 3 / 4 extent.

7. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is more than 17 / 20 of the set of points an the equal distance ( called the radius ) from a single point called the center, said center being the center of the to the minimal imaginary sphere that can envelope all corners of the shelter, said imaginary sphere defined of the ( total ) set of points an the equal distance from the center, said distance being the distance from the center to said minimal imaginary sphere, where the imaginary radius cuts the RADOF in more than 17 / 20 of the total set of points at the equal distance, to define the when the RADOF enclose the inner- space to an 17 / 20 extent.

8. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the extent of the enclose of the inner-space by the RADOF, said extent is a sum of all the extent of all the RADOFs in the multilayer hull.

9. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said insulation layers including materials with thermal conductivity, lambda below < 3 (W / mK).

10. Said insulation layer made of polyeten, PE 100 RC, plastic, rubber, polycarbonate, glass or laminated glass, hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized spiral sheet or hot-dip galvanized spiral sheet, reinforced concrete or concrete.

11. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the volume between the inner- hull and the outer hull contains an insulation layer, said embodiment the layer of hot-dip galvanized sheet, electro-galvanized sheet and foam, nylon, fibre wool, glass wool in-between.

12. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner-space climate is ventilated by an air-climate system providing air supplied from the outside to the inner space.

13. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims, comprising an decontaminationsystem, a HEPA13 filter, an air decontamination system including a pyro sulfuric acid system, which has pyro sulfuric acid for scrubbing a threat agent from the air, a sulfur trioxide condenser, and a bicarbonate / carbonate scrubber.

14. The air climate system in any of the preceding claims comprising any of the following a compressor, a pressure relief valve an aftercooler a moisture separator with automatic drain trap, an air receiver, a particle filter, an air Dryer, an oil removal filter, distributive air supply channels, secondary receiver, filter, pressure regulator, air dispenser, air supply tube, shutoff valve.

15. The Inner-space in any of the preceding claims having a pressure of > 5 Pa of the outside pressure.

16. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims comprising solar panels mounted on the outside of the hull to supply the RADOF with energy.

17. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed on the lower part of the hull determined by the place where the outside hull is closest to the center of gravity.

18. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, the majority of the connections penetrating the inner-hull to provide the inner-space with resources, said resources being tubing & cabling id est providing connections for electricity, water including fresh water and waste water placed as close to the provision as possible, id est, cabling from solar panels placed under the solar panels, cabling for ventilation placed closed to the ventilation grid, tubing for RADOF filling close to the opening in the RADOF layer.

19. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the outside hull has any of the following forms or combination of the following forms, circular, elliptic, semicircular, semielliptic, quadratic, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, septagonal, octagonal.

20. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where two manway passages are present from the outside to the inside hull.

21. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where pneumatic assistance is supplied to the deliberated opening of a manway from the inside.

22. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 15001 lbs.

23. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the total weight of the RADOF is less than 25001 lbs.

24. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is provided with information on information on the situation outside e.g. video camera, camera with night vision of the surroundings, camera with thermal vision, outside temperature, outside irradiation, outside humidity.

25. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims, where the inner-space is equipped with seats with belts for air-lift.

26. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims floating in water where the weight of its immersed parts is equal to the total weight of the floating body of the OPUTUS27. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims anchored to the place where it is placed28. The RADOF in any of the preceding claims where the connection to the airlift is connected to the anchor connection in the way that when the RADOF is airlifted, by the airlift-anchor-mechanism the anchor releases itself.

29. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the the center of gravity (eg) is below the center of buoyancy. The center of buoyancy also termed the metacenter as the metacenter is the point where the vertical centreline and the vector of the floating force intersects.

30. The RADOF according to any of the preceding claims where the symmetrical about its vertical centerline, the weight acts on the center of mass on the centerline of the RADOF.

31. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the RADOF is equipped with one or several gyros to maintain stability in airlift or as a floating object.

32. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising two separate passages allowing a human to enter the inner space from the outside of the shelter.

33. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims comprising multiple channels into the RADOF for donation and recival of fluid or gas of mixes thereof including air.

34. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where the hull-layers are suspended to one or several hull-layers outside said hull-layer.

35. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said suspension comprise one or several of the following, chains, coils, leaf or air springs.

36. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said an outer shell capable of meeting at least one physical standard appropriate to outer shells.

37. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain an internal working space having a construction and having an environmental support means together capable of being carried out within the working space.

38. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space contain a space having a contraction to support transport of humans by air or by land, e.g. seats and belts.

39. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut.

40. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space is a seamless and sealable compartment when the inner door is shut.

41. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space has an overpressure ventilation system to prevent entry of tire, smoke or other gases with an overpressure safety flap working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with impermissibly high pressure e.g. one or more overpressure safety flaps working independently of auxiliary power and which opens with an impermissibly high pressure. The safety flap may be weight or loaded. The overpressure safety flap may be installed after the ventilation fan in a pressure side air feed duct or in the protected room itself.

42. The RADOF shelter according to any of the preceding claims where said inner-space overpressure ventilation to prevent the entry of fire, smoke or other gases in the protected inner space has for the ventilation one or more fans.

43. The shelter according to any of the preceding claims equipped with a meter for measurement of ionizing irradiation comprise a geier-muller meter (GMM) of end Window type with a high amount of gas for low energy X-rays, a GMM of Pancake tube with a wide window and a thin gas space for higher detection, a GMM of Windowless type, a GMM of thin walled type or a GMM of thick walled type, an ionization chamber, a gaseous ionization detector, a photodetector, a scintillation counter, a semiconductor detector, personal radiation dosimeter, a film badge, a quartz fibre dosimeter, a thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD), an electronic dosimeter or combinations of these.

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