Adeno-associated virus (AAV) -mediated shank3 expression and uses thereof
An engineered AAV expressing a Shank3 minigene addresses the challenge of treating neurodevelopmental disorders by delivering functional Shank3 proteins to the CNS, effectively alleviating symptoms in mouse models and offering therapeutic potential for human conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN REBORNGENE THERAPEUTICS CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders such as Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and other CNS-related conditions lack effective gene therapy solutions, particularly due to the challenges in expressing functional Shank3 proteins in the central nervous system.
An engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) is developed to express a Shank3 minigene, comprising specific domains (ANK, SH3, PDZ, proline-rich, and SAM) for targeted gene therapy in the CNS, using serotypes like AAV9 and AAV-PHP.eB, delivered via intracerebroventricular injections to treat or prevent various neurological disorders.
The engineered AAV effectively expresses Shank3 in neurons, alleviating symptoms of targeted disorders by restoring normal Shank3 function, demonstrating therapeutic potential in mouse models and human applications.
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Abstract
Description
Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) -Mediated Shank3 Expression and Uses ThereofSEQUENCE LISTING
[0001] A Sequence Listing provided in the XML file named SL16715-0001-00304. xml, created on 2024.12.09 with a size of 12, 922 bytes, is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a gene therapy approach for treating and / or preventing Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) , Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) , schizophrenia (SCZ) , bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, mood disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) , anxiety disorders, language development disorders, Rett syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) , Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) , Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) , depression, epilepsy, Down syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) , and / or traumatic brain injury with an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) for expressing a Shank3 minigene in the central nervous system (CNS) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) , also known as 22q13 deletion syndrome, is a rare genetic disease. PMS is a broad syndrome and can cause a wide range of neurodevelopmental and systemic symptoms, including, e.g., global developmental delay / intellectual disability (ID) , delayed / absent speech, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) , decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) , epilepsy, congenital heart abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, and malformation of urogenital system.
[0004] PMS is a rare disease that affects approximately one person in every 10,000. PMS is usually caused by loss-of-function defects, e.g., deletions, mutations, unbalanced translocation, and / or ring chromosome 22, in SHANK3 gene. Diagnosis of PMS is complicated and usually relies on genetic testing, which starts with chromosomal microarray (CMA) for detecting chromosome 22q13 deletion followed by other sequencing methods for detecting the defective sequence. Shank3 encodes a multi-domain scaffolding protein, which is located in the post-synaptic density (PSD) and interacts with many other scaffold proteins, ion channels, and signaling proteins to form complexes required for the formation and functionality of the synapses. Therefore, malfunctional proteins expressed by defective Shank3 gene would result in neurodevelopmental disorders and behavioral defects (See Zhou et al., Neuron, 89 (1) : 147-162 (2016) ) . While not all defects in SHANK3 gene cause PMS, defects in SHANK3 gene have been observed in almost all published PMS cases. Moreover, it has been reported that Cre-loxP-mediated shank3 knock-in in Shank3- / -mice could restore normal Shank3 expression and alleviate the related behavioral symptoms (See Mei et al., Nature, 530: 481-484 (2016) ) .
[0005] Animal models have been developed for studying the pathogenic mutations in connection with Shank3. For example, a mouse model having a Guanine insertion in its Shank3 gene (InsG3680) , which results in a nonsense mutation, showed genotype consistent with symptoms seen in early-stage ASD patients (Zhou et al., Neuron, 89 (1) : 147-16 (2016) ) . Non-human primate models have also been developed. For example, a macaque monkey model carrying indels in exon 21 that are analogous to the InG3680 mutation has been developed. (See Zhou et al., Nature, 570 (7761) : 326-331 (2019) ) . Exon 21 of human SHANK3 is the largest coding region of the gene with numerous rare variants and point mutations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This macaque monkey model also demonstrated phenotypes resembling PMS symptoms, including sleep disturbances, motor deficits, increased repetitive behaviors, as well as social and learning impairments. Compared to rodent models, non-human primate models provide deeper insights into the PMS characteristics.
[0006] AAV gene therapy utilizes adeno-associated viruses to deliver the gene of interest and has demonstrated great potential in treating and even completely curing several monogenic diseases. AAV gene therapy is low in immunogenicity and minimally pathogenic and allows for controlled expression of the gene of interest. Eight AAV gene therapies have been approved worldwide.SUMMARY
[0007] Disclosed herein is an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) for expressing a Shank3 minigene and uses thereof. The engineered AAV is configured for effective expression of the Shank3 minigene in neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and can be used for treating and / or preventing Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) , Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) , schizophrenia (SCZ) , bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, mood disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) , anxiety disorders, language development disorders, Rett syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) , Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) , Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) , depression, epilepsy, Down syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) , and / or traumatic brain injury.
[0008] In a first embodiment, an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprises a polynucleotide comprising a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0009] In a second embodiment, the polypeptide of the first embodiment has the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0010] In a third embodiment, the polynucleotide of the first or second embodiment further comprises a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.
[0011] In a fourth embodiment, the regulatory sequence of the third embodiment comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.
[0012] In a fifth embodiment, the polynucleotide of any of the first four embodiments further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotides.
[0013] In a sixth embodiment, the additional oligonucleotide of the fifth embodiment is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
[0014] In a seventh embodiment, the engineered AAV of any of the first six embodiments has a serotype suitable for targeting a neuron in the central nervous system (CNS) .
[0015] In an eighth embodiment, the engineered AAV of the seventh embodiment has one or more serotypes selected from AAV9 and AAV-PHP. eB.
[0016] In a ninth embodiment, a method of AAV-mediated expression in a cell comprises introducing the engineered AAV of any of the first eight embodiments into the cell.
[0017] In a tenth embodiment, the cell of the ninth embodiment is in a neuron in the CNS.
[0018] In an eleventh embodiment, the cell of the ninth or tenth embodiment is a neuron in cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and / or spinal cord.
[0019] In a twelfth embodiment, the engineered AAV of any of the ninth through the eleventh embodiments is delivered by an injection into the CNS.
[0020] In a thirteenth embodiment, the engineered AAV of any of the ninth through the twelfth embodiments is delivered by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections, intracisterna magna (ICM) injection (s) , and / or lumbar puncture (s) .
[0021] In a fourteenth embodiment, the bilateral ICV injections of the thirteenth embodiment comprise two injections into the left cerebral ventricle and two injections into the right cerebral ventricle.
[0022] In a fifteenth embodiment, a method for treating and / or preventing a disease or a disorder in a subject comprises introducing the engineered AAV of any of the first eight embodiments into the subject’s CNS, wherein the disease or disorder is one or more of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) , Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) , schizophrenia (SCZ) , bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, mood disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) , anxiety disorder, language development disorder, Rett Syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) , Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) , Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) , depression, epilepsy, Down syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) , and traumatic brain injury.
[0023] In a sixteenth embodiment, the subject of the fifteenth embodiment is a human.
[0024] In a seventeenth embodiment, in the subject of the fifteenth or sixteenth embodiment, Shank3 gene is missing or defective and / or the expression of Shank3 gene is reduced.
[0025] In an eighteenth embodiment, in the method of any of the fifteenth through the seventeenth embodiments, the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections comprising two injections into the left cerebral ventricle and two injections into the right cerebral ventricle, by intracisterna magna (ICM) injection (s) , and / or by lumbar puncture (s) .
[0026] In a nineteenth embodiment, in the method of any of the fifteenth through the eighteenth embodiments, the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject at a dose equivalent to about 1×1013 to about 1×1015 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per administration.
[0027] In a twentieth embodiment, in the method of any of the fifteenth through the eighteenth embodiments, the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject at a dose equivalent to about 1×1010 to about 1×1012 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per gram of brain weight.
[0028] In a twenty-first embodiment, an AAV vector comprises (a) a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof and (b) a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0029] In a twenty-second embodiment, the polypeptide of the twenty-first embodiment comprises the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0030] In a twenty-third embodiment, the regulatory sequence of the twenty-first or twenty-second embodiment comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.
[0031] In a twenty-fourth embodiment, the AAV vector of any of the twenty-first through the twenty third embodiments further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
[0032] In a twenty-fifth embodiment, a cell comprises a polynucleotide comprising (a) a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof and (b) a regulatory sequence operably linked to the coding sequence, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0033] In a twenty-six embodiment, the polypeptide of the twenty-fifth embodiment comprises the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0034] In a twenty-seventh embodiment, the regulatory sequence of the twenty-fifth or twenty-sixth embodiment comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.
[0035] In a twenty-eighth embodiment, the polynucleotide of any of the twenty-fifth through the twenty-seventh embodiments further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
[0036] In a twenty-ninth embodiment, a cell comprises one or more of the AAV vectors of any of the twenty-first through the twenty-fourth embodiments.
[0037] In a thirtieth embodiment, the cell of the twenty-ninth embodiment further comprises a packaging vector comprising a coding sequence of AAV9 and / or AAV-PHP. eB.
[0038] In a thirty-first embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered AAV of any of the first eight embodiments and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0039] In a thirty-second embodiment, a polynucleotide comprises a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0040] In a thirty-third embodiment, the polynucleotide the thirty-second embodiment comprising a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0041] In a thirty-fourth embodiment, the polynucleotide of the thirty-second or thirty-third embodiment further comprises a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the regulatory sequence comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.
[0042] In a thirty-fifth embodiment, the polynucleotide of any of the thirty-second through the thirty-fourth embodiments further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotides selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
[0043] In a thirty-sixth embodiment, a polypeptide comprises an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0044] In a thirty-seventh embodiment, the polypeptide of the thirty-six embodiment comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0045] Fig. 1 depicts the genome of the engineered AAV for expressing the Shank3 minigene, comprising., from 5’ to 3’, a 5’-inverted terminal repeats (ITR) (Mutant (Mut) AAV2 ITR) , a promoter (pCALM1) operably linked to a downstream Shank 3 minigene (encoding ANK, SH3, PDZ, proline-rich domain, and SAM) , two miRNA binding sites (miR-122 binding site and miR-183 binding site) , a synthetic posttranscriptional regulatory element (W3SL) , and a 3’-ITR (AAV2 ITR) . BS: binding site.
[0046] Fig. 2A depicts the biodistribution of AAV DNA in different mouse brain regions at three time points post AAV injection. M: months; CTX: cortex; HIP: hippocampus; STR: striatum; TH: thalamus; CB: cerebellum.
[0047] Fig. 2B depicts the immunohistological staining of different brain regions in AAV-injected mice with anti-SHANK3 antibody. Sections of the mouse brains were collected two months post injection. WT: wild-type; KI: Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in; EYFP: enhanced yellow fluorescent protein Fig. 3 depict the results of the functional analyses of AAV-mediated Shank3 minigene expression in a PMS mouse model, including the Elevated Zero Maze Test, the Rotarod Test, the Open Field Test, and the stereotypical behavior (grooming and scratching) test. WT: wild-type; KI:Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in; EYFP: enhanced yellow fluorescent protein.
[0048] Fig. 4 depicts the results of the cell-level functional verification of AAV-mediated Shank3 minigene expression in a PMS mouse model. mEPSCs (miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents) were recorded in neurons in the mouse brain slices. WT: wild-type; KI: Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in; EYFP: enhanced yellow fluorescent protein.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0049] Words using the singular include the plural, and vice versa, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0050] In this disclosure, many terms and abbreviations are used. The following definitions apply unless specifically stated otherwise.
[0051] As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof. The terms “a, ” “an, ” “the, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one, ” for example, can be used interchangeably herein.
[0052] The term “about” as used herein can allow for a degree of variability in a value or range of at most within 10%, e.g., within 5%, or within 1%of a stated value or of a stated limit of a range.
[0053] The terms “and / or” and “or” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include “A and B, ” “A or B, ” “A” (alone) , and “B” (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following aspects: “A, B and C” ; “A, B or C” ; “A or C” ; “A or B” ; “B or C” ; “A and C” ; “A and B” ; “B and C” ; “A” (alone) ; “B” (alone) ; and “C” (alone) .
[0054] In this disclosure, various embodiments can be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the embodiments described herein. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range, such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have subranges such as from 1 to 2, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4 and from 1 to 5, from 2 to 3, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 4, from 3 to 5, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
[0055] “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event, circumstance, or material may or may not occur or be present, and that the description includes instances where the event, circumstance, or material occurs or is present and instances where it does not occur or is not present.
[0056] The term “coding sequence” refers to a DNA or RNA sequence that encodes the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide or protein.
[0057] The term “domain” or “protein domain” herein refers to a specific region of the polypeptide chain of a protein, which is a distinct functional and / or structural unit with a unique and independent well-defined three-dimensional fold.
[0058] The term “minigene” refers to a genetic construct comprising some or all exons of a gene which encode an RNA or protein product having functions similar to the RNA or protein product encoded by the wild-type gene.
[0059] The terms “polynucleotide” and “nucleic acids” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. This term includes, but is not limited to, single, double, or multi-stranded DNA or RNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA-RNA hybrids / triple helices, or a polymer comprising purine and pyrimidine bases or other natural, chemically or biochemically modified, non-natural, or derivatized nucleotide bases.
[0060] The terms “peptide, ” “polypeptide, ” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein, and refer to a polymeric form of amino acids of any length, which can include coded and non-coded amino acids, chemically or biochemically modified or derivatized amino acids, and polypeptides having modified peptide backbones. The terms also include polypeptides that have co-translational (e.g., signal peptide cleavage) and post-translational modifications of the polypeptide, such as, for example, disulfide-bond formation, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, proteolytic cleavage, and the like.
[0061] The term “regulatory sequence” used herein refers to a polynucleotide sequence associated with a protein or RNA-encoding DNA sequence in such a way that the polynucleotide sequence can regulate the transcription of the DNA sequence. Such association between the regulatory sequence and the corresponding DNA sequence may be referred to as “operably linked, ” herein. The regulatory elements may be promoters, enhancers, internal ribosome entry sites, and other expression control elements. One regulatory sequence may be operably linked to one or more protein or RNA-encoding DNA sequences; multiple regulatory sequences may be operably linked to one protein or RNA-encoding DNA sequence. These can be selected depending on the cell type.
[0062] The term “serotype” refers to the subtype of microorganisms that can be classified together based on the antigens and other molecules on their surface. In the context of AAV, serotype refers to the viral capsid proteins which determine the virus’s antigenic properties.
[0063] The terms “variant” refers to a polypeptide / protein or polynucleotide differing from another (i.e., parental) polypeptide / protein or polynucleotide or from one another due to changes in one or more nucleic acids or amino acid residues but retain at least a degree of one functional property of the parent molecule. For example, a variant may include one or more amino acid changes such as one or more amino acid deletions / truncations, insertions, or substitutions as compared to the parental protein from which it is derived. A variant may include one or more changes such as deletions / truncations, insertions, or substitutions as compared to the parental molecule from which it is derived. The parental molecule may be a wild-type polypeptide / protein or polynucleotide. A variant may have a specified degree (percentage) of sequence identity with a parental polypeptide / protein or nucleic acid using the BLAST percent identity algorithms. The degree (percentage) of sequence identity may be at least about 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, or integer percentage therebetween.
[0064] The term “wild-type” refers to an amino acid sequence or nucleic acid sequence indicates that is a native or naturally-occurring sequence. As used herein, the term “naturally-occurring” refers to anything (e.g., proteins or polynucleotides) that is found in nature. Conversely, the term “non-naturally occurring” refers to anything that is not found in nature (e.g., recombinant / engineered amino acid or nucleic acid sequences produced in the laboratory or modification of the wild-type sequences) .
[0065] The term “ANK domain” or “ankyrin repeat domain” refers to a conserved protein domain of approximately 33 amino acids originally identified in ankyrin and is known to function as a protein-protein interaction domain. The sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1-1, 032 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes the ANK domain.
[0066] The term “SH3 domain” or “src Homology-3 domain” refers to a small protein domain of about 50 amino-acid residues first identified as a conserved sequence in the non-catalytic part of several cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. The SH3 module might mediate the assembly of specific protein complexes by binding to proline-rich peptides. The sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1, 129-1, 308 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes an SH3 domain.
[0067] The term “PDZ domain” refers to a protein domain that can bind either the carboxyl-terminal sequences of proteins or internal peptide sequences. The sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1, 429-1, 713 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes a PDZ domain.
[0068] The term “proline-rich domain” refers to a protein domain that can bind to a variety of signaling proteins. The sequence of nucleotides 1, 033-1, 133, 2, 464-2, 569, and 3, 396-3, 459 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes a proline-rich domain.
[0069] The term “SAM domain” or “sterile alpha motif domain” refers to a protein domain involved in a wide variety of protein-protein interactions. The sequence corresponding to nucleotides 3, 486-3, 678 of SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes a SAM domain. Shank3 minigene
[0070] Disclosed herein is an engineered AAV configured for expressing a Shank3 gene. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV is configured for expressing a wild-type Shank3 gene to produce wild-type Shank3 proteins, e.g., NCBI reference sequence NP_001358973.1. A wild-type Shank3 protein comprises an ankyrin repeat domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV is configured for producing variants of the wild-type Shank3 protein. In some embodiments, variants of the wild-type Shank3 protein have an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, or 99%identical to the corresponding wild-type Shank3 protein.
[0071] In some embodiments, the engineered AAV is configured for expression of a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ankyrin repeat domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and / or a SAM domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ankyrin repeat domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and / or a SAM domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain, but not any ankyrin domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide that does not contain any ankyrin repeat domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, which comprises an ANK domain (amino acids 1-344) , an SH3 domain (amino acids 377-436) , a PDZ domain (amino acids 477-571) , a proline-rich domain (amino acids 345-371, 822-856, and 1, 132-1, 153) , and a SAM domain (amino acids 1, 162-1, 226) . The polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof disclosed herein has at least partial activity compared to the corresponding wild-type Shank3 protein.
[0072] Also disclosed herein is a polynucleotide comprising a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof and a polypeptide encoded thereby. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ankyrin repeat domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and / or a SAM domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ankyrin repeat domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain, but not any ankyrin repeat domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide that does not contain any ankyrin repeat domain. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene is SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof is at least 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiment, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to the corresponding wild-type Shank3 protein. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof or the coding sequence of the wild-type Shank3 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence may be a promoter and / or enhancer disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the promoter is a pCALM1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or hSyn (SEQ ID NO: 3) . In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences, e.g., one or more miRNA binding sites, which locate downstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof or the coding sequence of the wild-type Shank3 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the additional oligonucleotide sequence is SEQ ID NOs: 4 and / or 5. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) -mediated expression A. Engineered Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)
[0073] The present disclosure provides an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) for expressing a gene of interest. The engineered AAV comprises a polynucleotide comprising a coding sequence of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the coding sequence of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences.
[0074] In some embodiments, the engineered AAV disclosed herein is configured for temporal and / or spatial-specific expression of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV is configured for neuron-specific expression of the gene of interest, especially in the CNS (e.g., in cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and / or spinal cord) . In some embodiments, the gene of interest is the wild-type Shank3 gene or variant thereof disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the gene of interest is the Shank3 minigene (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) or variant thereof disclosed herein.
[0075] In some embodiments, the engineered AAV disclosed herein may include any known AAV serotype or combination thereof. A non-limiting list of AAV serotypes includes AAV1, AAV2, AAV2G9, AAV3, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV3-3, AAV4, AAV4-4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.1, AAV6.2, AAV6.1.2, AAV7, AAV7.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84, AAV9.9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV16.3, AAV24.1, AAV27.3, AAV42.12, AAV42-1b, AAV42-2, AAV42-3a, AAV42-3b, AAV42-4, AAV42-5a, AAV42-5b, AAV42-6b, AAV42-8, AAV42-10, AAV42-11, AAV42-12, AAV42-13, AAV42-15, AAV42-aa, AAV43-1, AAV43-12, AAV43-20, AAV43-21, AAV43-23, AAV43-25, AAV43-5, AAV44.1, AAV44.2, AAV44.5, AAV223.1, AAV223.2, AAV223.4, AAV223.5, AAV223.6, AAV223.7, AAV1-7 / rh. 48, AAV1-8 / rh. 49, AAV2-15 / rh. 62, AAV2-3 / rh. 61, AAV2-4 / rh. 50, AAV2-5 / rh. 51, AAV3.1 / hu. 6, AAV3.1 / hu. 9, AAV3-9 / rh. 52, AAV3-11 / rh. 53, AAV4-8 / r 11.64, AAV4-9 / rh. 54, AAV4-19 / rh. 55, AAV5-3 / rh. 57, AAV5-22 / rh. 58, AAV7.3 / hu. 7, AAV16.8 / hu. 10, AAV16.12 / hu. 1, AAV29.3 / bb. 1, AAV29.5 / bb. 2, AAV106.1 / hu. 37, AAV114.3 / hu. 40, AAV127.2 / hu. 41, AAV127.5 / hu. 42, AAV128.3 / hu. 44, AAV130.4 / hu. 48, AAV145.1 / hu. 53, AAV145.5 / hu. 54, AAV145.6 / hu. 55, AAV161.10 / hu. 60, AAV161.6 / hu. 61, AAV33.12 / hu. 17, AAV33.4 / hu. 15, AAV33.8 / hu. 16, AAV52 / hu. 19, AAV52.1 / hu. 20, AAV58.2 / hu. 25, AAVA3.3, AAVA3.4, AAVA3.5, AAVA3.7, AAVC1, AAVC2, AAVC5, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ8, AAVF3, AAVF5, AAVH2, AAVrh. 72, AAVhu. 8, AAVrh. 68, AAVrh. 70, AAVpi. 1, AAVpi. 3, AAVpi. 2, AAVrh. 60, AAVrh. 44, AAVrh. 65, AAVrh. 55, AAVrh. 47, AAVrh. 69, AAVrh. 45, AAVrh. 59, AAVhu. 12, AAVH6, AAVLK03, AAVH-1 / hu. 1, AAVH-5 / hu. 3, AAVLG-10 / rh. 40, AAVLG-4 / rh. 38, AAVLG-9 / hu. 39, AAVN721-8 / rh. 43, AAVCh. 5, AAVCh. 5R1, AAVcy. 2, AAVcy. 3, AAVcy. 4, AAVcy. 5, AAVCy. 5R1, AAVCy. 5R2, AAVCy. 5R3, AAVCy. 5R4, AAVcy. 6, AAVhu. 1, AAVhu. 2, AAVhu. 3, AAVhu. 4, AAVhu. 5, AAVhu. 6, AAVhu. 7, AAVhu. 9, AAVhu. 10, AAVhu. 11, AAVhu. 13, AAVhu. 15, AAVhu. 16, AAVhu. 17, AAVhu. 18, AAVhu. 20, AAVhu. 21, AAVhu. 22, AAVhu. 23.2, AAVhu. 24, AAVhu. 25, AAVhu. 27, AAVhu. 28, AAVhu. 29, AAVhu. 29R, AAVhu. 31, AAVhu. 32, AAVhu. 34, AAVhu. 35, AAVhu. 37, AAVhu. 39, AAVhu. 40, AAVhu. 41, AAVhu. 42, AAVhu. 43, AAVhu. 44, AAVhu. 44R1, AAVhu. 44R2, AAVhu. 44R3, AAVhu. 45, AAVhu. 46, AAVhu. 47, AAVhu. 48, AAVhu. 48R1, AAVhu. 48R2, AAVhu. 48R3, AAVhu. 49, AAVhu. 51, AAVhu. 52, AAVhu. 54, AAVhu. 55, AAVhu. 56, AAVhu. 57, AAVhu. 58, AAVhu. 60, AAVhu. 61, AAVhu. 63, AAVhu. 64, AAVhu. 66, AAVhu. 67, AAVhu. 14 / 9, AAVhu. t19, AAVrh. 2, AAVrh. 2R, AAVrh. 8, AAVrh. 8R, AAVrh. 10, AAVrh. 12, AAVrh. 13, AAVrh. 13R, AAVrh. 14, AAVrh. 17, AAVrh. 18, AAVrh. 19, AAVrh. 20, AAVrh. 21, AAVrh. 22, AAVrh. 23, AAVrh. 24, AAVrh. 25, AAVrh. 31, AAVrh. 32, AAVrh. 33, AAVrh. 34, AAVrh. 35, AAVrh. 36, AAVrh. 37, AAVrh. 37R2, AAVrh. 38, AAVrh. 39, AAVrh. 40, AAVrh. 46, AAVrh. 48, AAVrh. 48.1, AAVrh. 48.1.2, AAVrh. 48.2, AAVrh. 49, AAVrh. 51, AAVrh. 52, AAVrh. 53, AAVrh. 54, AAVrh. 56, AAVrh. 57, AAVrh. 58, AAVrh. 61, AAVrh. 64, AAVrh. 64R1, AAVrh. 64R2, AAVrh. 67, AAVrh. 73, AAVrh. 74, AAVrh8R, AAVrh8R A586R mutant, AAVrh8R R533A mutant, AAAV, BAAV, caprine AAV, bovine AAV, AAVhE1.1, AAVhEr1.5, AAVhER1.14, AAVhEr1.8, AAVhEr1.16, AAVhEr1.18, AAVhEr1.35, AAVhEr1.7, AAVhEr1.36, AAVhEr2.29, AAVhEr2.4, AAVhEr2.16, AAVhEr2.30, AAVhEr2.31, AAVhEr2.36, AAVhER1.23, AAVhEr3.1, AAV2.5T, AAV-PAEC, AAV-LK01, AAV-LK02, AAV-LK03, AAV-LK04, AAV-LK05, AAV-LK06, AAV-LK07, AAV-LK08, AAV-LK09, AAV-LK10, AAV-LK11, AAV-LK12, AAV-LK13, AAV-LK14, AAV-LK15, AAV-LK16, AAV-LK17, AAV-LK18, AAV-LK19, AAV-PAEC2, AAV-PAEC4, AAV-PAEC6, AAV-PAEC7, AAV-PAEC8, AAV-PAEC11, AAV-PAEC12, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101, AAV-8h, AAV-8b, AAV-h, AAV-b, AAV SM 10-2, AAV Shuffle 100-1, AAV Shuffle 100-3, AAV Shuffle 100-7, AAV Shuffle 10-2, AAV Shuffle 10-6, AAV Shuffle 10-8, AAV Shuffle 100-2, AAV SM 10-1, AAV SM 10-8 , AAV SM 100-3, AAV SM 100-10, BNP61 AAV, BNP62 AAV, BNP63 AAV, AAVrh. 50, AAVrh. 43, AAVrh. 62, AAVrh. 48, AAVhu. 19, AAVhu. 11, AAVhu. 53, AAV4-8 / rh. 64, AAVLG-9 / hu. 39, AAV54.5 / hu. 23, AAV54.2 / hu. 22, AAV54.7 / hu. 24, AAV54.1 / hu. 21, AAV54.4R / hu. 27, AAV46.2 / hu. 28, AAV46.6 / hu. 29, AAV128.1 / hu. 43, true type AAV (ttAAV) , UPENN AAV 10, Japanese AAV 10 serotypes, AAV CBr-7.1, AAV CBr-7.10, AAV CBr-7.2, AAV CBr-7.3, AAV CBr-7.4, AAV CBr-7.5, AAV CBr-7.7, AAV CBr-7.8, AAV CBr-B7.3, AAV CBr-B7.4, AAV CBr-E1, AAV CBr-E2, AAV CBr-E3, AAV CBr-E4, AAV CBr-E5, AAV CBr-e5, AAV CBr-E6, AAV CBr-E7, AAV CBr-E8, AAV CHt-1, AAV CHt-2, AAV CHt-3, AAV CHt-6.1, AAV CHt-6.10, AAV CHt-6.5, AAV CHt-6.6, AAV CHt-6.7, AAV CHt-6.8, AAV CHt-P1, AAV CHt-P2, AAV CHt-P5, AAV CHt-P6, AAV CHt-P8, AAV CHt-P9, AAV CKd-1, AAV CKd-10, AAV CKd-2, AAV CKd-3, AAV CKd-4, AAV CKd-6, AAV CKd-7, AAV CKd-8, AAV CKd-B1, AAV CKd-B2, AAV CKd-B3, AAV CKd-B4, AAV CKd-B5, AAV CKd-B6, AAV CKd-B7, AAV CKd-B8, AAV CKd-H1, AAV CKd-H2, AAV CKd-H3, AAV CKd-H4, AAV CKd-H5, AAV CKd-H6, AAV CKd-N3, AAV CKd-N4, AAV CKd-N9, AAV CLg-F1, AAV CLg-F2, AAV CLg-F3, AAV CLg-F4, AAV CLg-F5, AAV CLg-F6, AAV CLg-F7, AAV CLg-F8, AAV CLv-1, AAV CLv1-1, AAV CLv1-10, AAV CLv1-2, AAV CLv-12, AAV CLv1-3, AAV CLv-13, AAV CLv1-4, AAV CLv1-7, AAV CLv1-8, AAV CLv1-9, AAV CLv-2, AAV CLv-3, AAV CLv-4, AAV CLv-6, AAV CLv-8, AAV CLv-D1, AAV CLv-D2, AAV CLv-D3, AAV CLv-D4, AAV CLv-D5, AAV CLv-D6, AAV CLv-D7, AAV CLv-D8, AAV CLv-E1, AAV CLv-K1, AAV CLv-K3, AAV CLv-K6, AAV CLv-L4, AAV CLv-L5, AAV CLv-L6, AAV CLv-M1, AAV CLv-M11, AAV CLv-M2, AAV CLv-M5, AAV CLv-M6, AAV CLv-M7, AAV CLv-M8, AAV CLv-M9, AAV CLv-R1, AAV CLv-R2, AAV CLv-R3, AAV CLv-R4, AAV CLv-R5, AAV CLv-R6, AAV CLv-R7, AAV CLv-R8, AAV CLv-R9, AAV. CPP. 16, AAV. CPP. 21, AAV CSp-1, AAV CSp-10, AAV CSp-11, AAV CSp-2, AAV CSp-3, AAV CSp-4, AAV CSp-6, AAV CSp-7, AAV CSp-8, AAV CSp-8.10, AAV CSp-8.2, AAV CSp-8.4, AAV CSp-8.5, AAV CSp-8.6, AAV CSp-8.7, AAV CSp-8.8, AAV CSp-8.9, AAV CSp-9, AAV. hu. 48R3, AAV. VR-355, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAVF1 / HSC1, AAVF11 / HSC11, AAVF12 / HSC12, AAVF13 / HSC13, AAVF14 / HSC14, AAVF15 / HSC15, AAVF16 / HSC16, AAVF17 / HSC17, AAVF2 / HSC2, AAVF3 / HSC3, AAVF4 / HSC4, AAVF5 / HSC5, AAVF6 / HSC6, AAVF7 / HSC7, AAVF8 / HSC8, AAVF9 / HSC9, AAV-M6, AAV-M8, AAV-PHP. A (PHP. A) , AAV-PHP. B (PHP. B) , AAV-PHP. eB, BI-hTFR1, G2B-26, G2B-13, VCAP-102, VCAP-Gen2, STAC-BBB, THE 1-32 and / or TH1.1-35, and variants thereof. AAV serotypes are described further in, for example, WO 2017 / 201258 A1, US 9, 585, 971, US 2017 / 0166926, and WO 2020 / 160337. In some embodiments, the AAV serotype facilitates cell / tissue-specific expression of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the serotype facilitates neuron-specific expression of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the serotype facilitates expression of the gene of interest in CNS. In some embodiments, the serotype is AAV9 and / or AAV-PHP. eB, which are efficient for expressing the gene of interest in CNS. AAV-PHP. eB is modified from AAV9, wherein a heptamer insertion site “TLAVPFK” is inserted between amino acid positions 588 and 589 of AAV9 (See US 11, 499, 165 B2; Chan et al., Nat Neurosci, 20 (8) : 1172-1179 (2017) ) . AAV-PHP. eB has higher specificity and efficiency for expressing the gene of interest in CNS neurons and thus improved safety.
[0076] The present disclosure also provides a method for expressing a gene of interest in a cell comprising introducing the engineered AAV disclosed herein into the cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a neuron in the CNS. In some embodiments, the cell is a neuron in cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and / or spinal cord. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV may or may not integrate into the genome of the cell.
[0077] The present disclosure further provides the cells comprising the engineered AAV disclosed herein. B. Vectors and host cell
[0078] The present disclosure provides an AAV vector comprising the coding sequence of a gene of interest. In some embodiments, the gene of interest is the wild-type Shank3 gene or variant thereof disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the gene of interest is the Shank3 minigene (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) or variant thereof disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the AAV vector comprises one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the coding sequence of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence may be a promoter (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3) and / or enhancer disclosed herein.
[0079] In some embodiments, the AAV vector further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotides, e.g., miRNA binding sites such as SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5. In some embodiments, the AAV vector may further include polynucleotide sequences related to replication and integration. Without being bound by any theory, the engineered AAV vector disclosed herein may further comprise one or more inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) , including a 5’ ITR and / or a 3’ ITR, one or more additional regulatory sequences, and / or one or more posttranscriptional regulatory elements. In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence operably linked to the gene of interest, the gene of interest, and the additional oligonucleotide disclosed herein are flanked by the 5’ ITR and / or the 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the AAV vector further comprises a Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) . In some embodiments, the AAV vector is a self-complementary vector. The AAV vector may be further modified in a way known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0080] The present disclosure also provides a method for producing the engineered AAV disclosed herein by introducing the AAV vectors into cultured cells. In some embodiments, the AAV vectors are introduced into the cultured cells together with one or more packaging vectors, which comprise additional genes required for producing the engineered AAV. In some embodiments, the additional genes encode capsid proteins. In some embodiments, the additional gene encode AAV9. In some embodiments, the additional gene encodes AAV-PHP. eB. The cultured cells may be primarily cultured cells or a cell line. In some embodiments, the cultured cells may be HEK293 cells, HEK293T cells, HEK293FT cells, HeLa cells, Sf9 insect cells, BHK cells, and / or Huh7 cells.
[0081] The present disclosure further provides the cultured cells comprising the AAV vectors disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the cultured cells further comprise one or more of the packaging vectors disclosed herein. C. Regulatory sequence
[0082] In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence operably linked to the gene of interest regulates the transcription of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence comprises one or more promoters and / or enhancers.
[0083] In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence comprises one or more enhancers that locates upstream and / or downstream of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the enhancer facilitates temporal and / or spatial-specific expression of the target gene. In some embodiments, the enhancer facilitates neuron-specific expression of the target gene, especially in the CNS. A non-limiting list of such enhancers include DLX enhancer, mDlx5 / 6 enhancer, S5E2 enhancer, SV40 enhancer, CMV enhancer, β-globin LCR, EF1α enhancer, human growth hormone enhancer, IgH enhancer, cytokine enhancers such as IL-2 and IL-4 enhancers, muscle creatine kinase enhancer, albumin enhancer, NeuroD enhancer, HS2 / HS3 / HS4 enhancers, Oct4 enhancer, hTERT enhancer, ubiquitin C enhancer, WPRE, TRE, ApoE enhancer, c-fos enhancer, HRE, CRE, GFAP enhancer, NRSE, and the MBP enhancer.
[0084] In some embodiments, the regulatory sequence comprises a promoter that locates upstream of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the promoter facilitates temporal and / or spatial-specific expression of the target gene. In some embodiments, the promoter facilitates neuron-specific expression of the target gene, especially in the CNS. A non-limiting list of such promoters include pCALM1 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 2) , hSyn promoter (SEQ ID NO: 3) , hMECP2 promoter, CaMKIIa promoter, CMV promoter, SV40 promoter, EF1α promoter, Ubiquitin C promoter, human β-actin promoter, CAG promoter, β-globin promoter, PGK promoter, hTERT promoter, albumin promoter, GFAP promoter, NSE promoter, synapsin promoter, MCK promoter, Oct4 promoter, TRE promoter, ApoE promoter, Lck promoter, NF-κB promoter, tyrosinase promoter, WAP promoter, metallothionein promoter, HSP70 promoter, CREB promoter, IL-2 promoter, insulin promoter, elongation factor 2 promoter, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, Vimentin promoter, MyoD promoter, Nanog promoter, Sox2 promoter, FGF-1 promoter, and keratin 14 promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is pCALM1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) , e.g., as described in WO 2023 / 283749 A1. In some embodiments, the promoter is hSyn (SEQ ID NO: 3) . D. miRNA binding site
[0085] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide in the AAV disclosed herein further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences, e.g., one or more miRNA binding sites, which locate downstream of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the additional oligonucleotide sequence reduces the toxicity of AAV infection, such as in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and liver (see, e.g., Geisler et al., Gene Ther, 18 (2) : 199-209 (2011) ; Hordeaux et al., Sci Transl Med, 12 (569) : eaba9188 (2020) ) . In some embodiments, the additional oligonucleotide sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 and / or 5. Pharmaceutical Composition
[0086] The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the engineered AAV disclosed herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pre-determined copy number of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, solvents, dispersion media, vehicles, coatings, diluents, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, buffers, carrier solutions, suspensions, colloids, stabilizers, preservatives, etc. One skilled in the art would select such pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (s) in view of the engineered AAV. Treatment and prevention of diseases and disorders
[0087] The present disclosure provides a gene therapy method for treating and / or preventing diseases and / or disorders in a subject by administering the engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to the subject. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV and the pharmaceutical composition can be used to treat and / or prevent neurodevelopmental diseases and / or disorders. A non-limiting list of such diseases and / or disorders include PMS, ASD, SCZ, bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, mood disorders, ADHD, OCD, anxiety disorders, language development disorders, Rett Syndrome, PD, AD, FXS, depression, epilepsy, Down syndrome, DCD, and traumatic brain injury. In some embodiments, the disease is PMS.
[0088] In some embodiments, missing or defective Shank3 gene, due to deletions, mutations, unbalanced translocation, and / or ring chromosome 22, is found in the subject. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced or no production of wild-type Shank3 proteins. In some embodiments, the subject has production of defective Shank3 proteins with reduced activity compared to wild-type Shank3 proteins. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0089] In some embodiments, the gene therapy method disclosed herein comprises administering the engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to the subject. The engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein may be administered via different routes, which include, but are not limited to, direct delivery to the target organ, oral, inhalation, intraocular, intravenous, retro-orbital, intracerebroventricular (ICV) , intramuscular, intrathecal, intracranial, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intratumoral injection, and other parental routes of administration. Routes of the administration may be combined. In some embodiments, the ICV injection is bilateral four-site injection comprising two injections into the left cerebral ventricle and two injections into the right cerebral ventricle.
[0090] In some embodiments, the engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is administered to CNS. In some embodiments, the engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is delivered by one or more of the following ways: by Intra-Cerebroventricular (ICV) administration, by Lumbar Intrathecal (LIT) administration, by Intra-Cisterna Magna (ICM) administration, and by administration to cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and / or spinal cord.
[0091] The engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein is administered to the subject at a therapeutically effective dose for treating and / or preventing the disease and / or disorder. In some embodiments, a dose equivalent to about 1×109 to about 1×1016 copies, about 2×109 to about 1×1016 copies, about 5×109 to about 1×1016 copies, about 1×1010 to about 1×1016 copies, about 2×1010 to about 5×1015 copies, about 5×1010 to about 5×1015 copies, about 1×1011 to about 2×1015 copies, about 2×1011 to about 2×1015 copies, about 5×1011 to about 2×1015 copies, about 1×1012 to about 1×1015 copies, about 2×1012 to about 1×1015 copies, about 5×1012 to about 1×1015 copies, or about 1×1013 to about 1×1015 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof is delivered per administration. In some embodiments, a dose equivalent to about 1×1013 to about 1×1015 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof is delivered per administration. In some embodiments, a dose equivalent to at least about 1×109 copies, about 2×109 copies, about 5×109 copies, about 1×1010 copies, about 2×1010 copies, about 5×1010 copies, about 1×1011 copies, about 2×1011 copies, about 5×1011 copies, about 1×1012 copies, about 2×1012 copies, about 5×1012 copies, about 1×1013 copies, about 2×1013 copies, about 5×1013 copies, about 1×1014 copies, about 2×1014 copies, about 5×1014 copies, about 1×1015 copies, about 2×1015 copies, about 5×1015 copies, or about 1×1016 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof is delivered per administration. In some embodiments, a dose equivalent to about 1×106 to about 1×1013 copies, about 2×106 to about 1×1013 copies, about 5×106 to about 1×1013 copies, about 1×107 to about 1×1013 copies, about 2×107 to about 5×1012 copies, about 5×107 to about 5×1012 copies, about 1×108 to about 2×1012 copies, about 2×108 to about 2×1012 copies, about 5×108 to about 2×1012 copies, about 1×109 to about 1×1012 copies, about 2×109 to about 1×1012 copies, about 5×109 to about 1×1012 copies, or about 1×1010 to about 1×1012 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per gram brain weight is administered. In some embodiments, a dose equivalent to about 1×1010 to about 1×1012 copies of the Shank3 minigene per gram brain weight is administered. In some embodiments, a dose a dose equivalent to at least about 1×106 copies, about 2×106 copies, about 5×106 copies, about 1×107 copies, about 2×107 copies, about 5×107 copies, about 1×108 copies, about 2×108 copies, about 5×108 copies, about 1×109 copies, about 2×109 copies, about 5×109 copies, about 1×1010 copies, about 2×1010 copies, about 5×1010 copies, about 1×1011 copies, about 2×1011 copies, about 5×1011 copies, about 1×1012 copies, about 2×1012 copies, about 5×1012 copies, or about 1×1013 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per gram brain weight is administered.
[0092] The engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein may be administered to a subject in combination with another therapy concurrently or sequentially. For example, the engineered AAV or the pharmaceutical composition may be administered together with glucocorticoids, e.g., prednisolone and prednisone, and / or sirolimus to reduce immune reactivity and maintain liver function in the subject. EXAMPLES
[0093] The following examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the disclosure. Accordingly, from the above discussion and the Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain essential characteristics of this disclosure, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications to adapt to various uses and conditions.
[0094] Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.Example 1. Preparation of Shank3 minigene AAVs
[0095] A Shank3-minigene AAV vector was constructed by inserting a Shank3 minigene (SEQ ID NO: 1) flanked by an upstream promoter pCALM1 (SEQ ID NO: 2; previously described in WO 2023 / 283749 A1) and downstream miR122-and miR183-binding sites (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively) and a W3SL domain (SEQ ID NO: 6; previously described in Choi et al., Mol Brain, 7: 17 (2014) ) into an AAV backbone vector with kanamycin resistance. The AAV vector was co-transfected with a packaging vector and a helper vector into HEK293T cells. 72 hours later, the transfected cells were lysed, and the cell lysate was subjected to clarification filtration, ultrafiltration concentration, affinity chromatography, ultracentrifugation, anion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration exchange, sterilizing filtration before being dissolved in an appropriate formulation such as a Tris-based buffer solution to obtain a stock of Shank3-minigene AAVs. A stock of control AAVs was prepared in a similar way except that, instead of the Shank3 minigene, the coding sequence of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) was inserted in the control AAV vector. The AAV stocks were stored at -80 ℃ until use.Example 2. AAV-mediated Shank3 minigene expression in CNS
[0096] The Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in (KI) mouse is a PMS mouse model having a Guanine insertion in its Shank3 gene, which results in a nonsense mutation and a Shank3-null phenotype. AAVs prepared according to Example 1 were delivered by retro-orbital (RO) injection into mice at P0 or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection into mice at P28. Wild-type mice were injected with control AAVs; KI mice were injected with control AAVs or Shank-minigene AAVs. An insulin syringe was used for RO injection in P0 mice. The needle was gently inserted at the inner corner of the eye and angled towards the retro-orbital sinus. Injection was performed slowly to facilitate optimal venous absorption. For ICV injection in P28 mice, a stereotaxic instrument was used to position the animal. The coordinates were set based on a brain atlas reference, and the AAVs were injected into the ICV region. The injected mice were then placed in a warm environment and monitored closely until they resumed normal activity. Six weeks to three months after the injection, the injected mice were anesthetized, and cardiac perfusion with Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) was performed to flush their circulatory system. For nucleic acid analysis, a variety of tissues were collected, homogenized, and frozen at -80 ℃. Nucleic acids were subsequently extracted from the tissues collected at fourteen days as well as one, two, three, six, ten, and twelve months after the injection and analyzed with qPCR to detect the Shank3 minigene’s distribution in different tissues. For protein analysis, tissues were fixed with 4%paraformaldehyde (PFA) , dehydrated, embedded, and prepared to obtain frozen sections. The sections were blocked, incubated with specific antibodies, and imaged with a confocal microscope to reveal the distribution of the AAV-mediated Shank3 minigene expression.
[0097] Efficient expression of the Shank3 minigene was detected throughout the CNS in the KI mice RO-injected at P0 with the Shank3-minigene AAVs by qPCR (Fig. 2A) and immunobiological staining (Fig. 2B) . Such expression was found in cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord.Example 3. Functional analyses of AAV-mediated Shank3 minigene expression in a PMS mouse model
[0098] AAVs prepared according to Example 1 were injected into mice as described in Example 2. Wild-type mice were injected with control AAVs; KI mice were injected with control AAVs or Shank3-minigene AAVs. A. Behavioral tests
[0099] For the Open Field Test, the injected mice were individually handled for 10-20 seconds per day for at least 5 days to acclimate them to the experimenter. The test was conducted in an open field apparatus (50 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm) with an HD digital camera positioned above. The mice were allowed to freely explore the arena for 10 minutes. Behavioral data were recorded by the camera and analyzed with ANY-mazeTM software (Stoelting Co. ) .
[0100] For the Rotarod Test, the injected mice were individually handled as described in the Open Field Test. Prior to the test, the mice were transferred to the testing room and acclimated for 30 minutes. Each mouse was placed on the rod (Shanghai Xinruan) set to accelerate from 10 to 40 r.p. m. Latency to fall was recorded automatically. Each mouse completed three trials in a single day, with a minimum of 60 minutes between trials. The average latency to fall across the three trials was calculated.
[0101] For the Elevated Zero Maze Test, the apparatus had an open arm illuminated at 60 lux and a closed arm illuminated at 10-20 lux. The injected mice were acclimated to 10-20 lux lighting for at least one hour before the test. Each mouse was introduced into the closed arm and allowed to explore the maze freely for 10 minutes. Behavioral data were recorded by the camera and analyzed with ANY-mazeTM software (Stoelting Co. ) .
[0102] Stereotypical behavior analysis was performed using video recordings of the Open Field Test: the last 10 minutes of each mouse's behavior recording were selected for analysis. All group and ID information were mosaiced and re-coded following the double-blind principle by the experiment designer. Analysts followed clearly defined grooming behaviors, including licking fur, grooming or scratching with limbs, and recorded the frequency and duration of grooming for each mouse. Data were recorded and analyzed by the experiment designer.
[0103] KI mice RO-injected at P0 with the Shank3-minigene AAVs demonstrated improved performance in all behavioral tests compared to KI mice injected with the control AAVs (Fig. 3) . Compared to KI mice injected with the control AAVs, KI mice injected with the Shank3-minigene AAVs (1) spent more time in open arm in the Elevated Zero Maze Test, (2) fell later in the Rotarod Test, (3) spent more time in the center of the open field and moved longer distances in the Open Field Test, and (4) showed less stereotypical behaviors like grooming and scratching (Fig. 3) . Moreover, KI mice injected with the Shank3-minigene AAVs demonstrated performance similar to that of wild-type mice injected with the control AAVs in all the behavioral tests (Fig. 3) . B. Electrophysiological test:
[0104] Patch clamp recording is a high-precision technique used to study the electrophysiological activity of cell membranes. By employing the whole-cell configuration, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) are recorded from acute brain slices. Whole-Cell patch clamp electrophysiological test was performed in mice injected with Shank3-minigene AAVs or control AAVs at least 6 weeks post-injection. Brain slices (250-300 μm thick) were prepared and placed in a recording chamber, continuously perfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at room temperature at a flow rate of 2.0 ml / min. Picrotoxin were added to block inhibitory currents of the brain slices. Electrodes were prepared using borosilicate capillaries and target cells were located using a microscope. The electrode was positioned such that a high-resistance seal between the electrode and the target cell membrane was formed. After breaking the cell membrane, the whole-cell patch configuration was achieved, and the membrane potential was clamped at -70 mV to record AMPA receptor-mediated mEPSCs. Stable mEPSC signals were recorded and synaptic transmission plasticity was analyzed based on the amplitude and frequency of the neuronal currents. SEQUCNE LISTING
Claims
1.An engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprising a polynucleotide comprising a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.2.The engineered AAV of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.3.The engineered AAV of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polynucleotide further comprises a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.4.The engineered AAV of claim 3, wherein the regulatory sequence comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.5.The engineered AAV of any of claims 1-4, wherein the polynucleotide further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotides.6.The engineered AAV of claim 5, wherein the additional oligonucleotide is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.7.The engineered AAV of any of claims 1-6, wherein the engineered AAV has a serotype suitable for targeting a neuron in the central nervous system (CNS) .8.The engineered AAV of claim 7, wherein the engineered AAV has one or more serotypes selected from AAV9 and AAV-PHP. eB.9.A method of AAV-mediated expression in a cell, comprising introducing the engineered AAV of any of claims 1-8 into the cell.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the cell is in a neuron in the CNS.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the cell is a neuron in cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and / or spinal cord.12.The method of any of claims 9-11, wherein the engineered AAV is delivered by an injection into the CNS.13.The method of any of claims 9-12, wherein the engineered AAV is delivered by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections, intracisterna magna (ICM) injection (s) , and / or lumbar puncture (s) .14.The method of claim 13, wherein the bilateral ICV injections comprise two injections into the left cerebral ventricle and two injections into the right cerebral ventricle.15.A method for treating and / or preventing a disease or a disorder in a subject, comprising introducing the engineered AAV of any of claims 1-8 into the subject’s CNS, wherein the disease or disorder is one or more of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) , Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) , schizophrenia (SCZ) , bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, mood disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) , anxiety disorder, language development disorder, Rett Syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) , Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) , Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) , depression, epilepsy, Down syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) , and traumatic brain injury.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the subject is a human.17.The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein Shank3 gene is missing or defective in the subject, and / or wherein the expression of Shank3 gene is reduced in the subject.18.The method of any of claims 15-17, wherein the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections comprising two injections into the left cerebral ventricle and two injections into the right cerebral ventricle, by intracisterna magna (ICM) injection (s) , and / or by lumbar puncture (s) .19.The method of any of claims 15-18, wherein the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject at a dose equivalent to about 1×1013 to about 1×1015 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per administration.20.The method of any of claims 15-18, wherein the engineered AAV is delivered to the subject at a dose equivalent to about 1×1010 to about 1×1012 copies of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof per gram of brain weight.21.An AAV vector comprising (a) a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof and (b) a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.22.The AAV vector of claim 21, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.23.The AAV vector of claim 21 or 22, wherein the regulatory sequence comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.24.The AAV vector of any of claim 21-23, further comprising one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.25.A cell comprising a polynucleotide comprising (a) a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof and (b) a regulatory sequence operably linked to the coding sequence, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.26.The cell of claim 25, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.27.The cell of claim 25 or 26, wherein the regulatory sequence comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.28.The cell of any of claims 25-27, wherein the polynucleotide further comprises one or more additional oligonucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.29.A cell comprising one or more of the AAV vectors of any of claims 21-24.30.The cell of claim 29, further comprising a packaging vector comprising a coding sequence of AAV9 and / or AAV-PHP. eB.31.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered AAV of any of claims 1-8 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.32.A polynucleotide comprising a Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof encodes a polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.33.The polynucleotide of claim 32, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.34.The polynucleotide of claim 32 or 33, further comprising a regulatory sequence operably linked to the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof, wherein the regulatory sequence comprises the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 and is upstream of the Shank3 minigene or variant thereof.35.The polynucleotide of any of claims 32-34, further comprising one or more additional oligonucleotides selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.36.A polypeptide comprising an ANK domain, an SH3 domain, a PDZ domain, a proline-rich domain, and a SAM domain and having an amino acid sequence at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.37.The polypeptide of claim 36, wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.