Photoresist stripping compositions and methods
A DES-glycol ether solvent mixture addresses health and regulatory issues of NMP by enhancing solvency for photoresist and PSPI, achieving efficient and safe stripping performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
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Figure CN2024139382_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PHOTORESIST STRIPPING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODSFIELD
[0001] Embodiments relate to solvent compositions that combining deep eutectic solvents (DES) with glycol ether solvents for photoresist stripping applications.BACKGROUND
[0002] N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) is a widely used organic solvent in various industrial applications due to its excellent solvency, low cost, and low viscosity. In the electronics industry, NMP is commonly used in photoresist stripping formulations to remove cured photoresist from substrates, as well as in the synthesis of photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) where it dissolves monomers to facilitate polymerization. Despite its widespread use, NMP poses significant health risks, particularly reproductive toxicity, which has led to its classification under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) as H360, indicating it may damage fertility or the unborn child. Consequently, regulatory bodies have imposed restrictions on the use of NMP, prompting the electronics industry to seek safer alternatives that do not compromise performance. Previous attempts to replace NMP have faced challenges, including inadequate performance and higher costs. Many alternative solvents lack the necessary polarity and hydrogen bonding capabilities to effectively dissolve cured photoresist and PSPI monomers. Additionally, some alternatives contain undesirable chemical groups or structures that pose their own health and environmental risks.SUMMARY
[0003] In an aspect, embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solvent compositions for photoresist stripping include a deep eutectic solvent (DES) component composed of at least two aromatic compounds, wherein each aromatic compound is independently represented by the formula:
[0004] where R1, R2, and R3 can independently be hydrogen, linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl chain, acyl group, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, or aldehyde, with the provisos that R1, R2, and R3 cannot all be hydrogen, the DES component cannot contain two trisubstituted aromatic compounds; the DES component cannot contain an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde and an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl at the same time; one or more glycol ether solvents according to the formula:
[0005] where R1 is hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, n ranges from 1 to 4, and the one or more glycol ether solvent is present at 30 wt%to 70 wt%.
[0006] In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods for stripping photoresist from a substrate that include: applying a solvent composition comprising a deep eutectic solvent (DES) component composed of at least two aromatic compounds, wherein each aromatic compound is independently represented by the formula:
[0007] wherein R1, R2, and R3 can independently be hydrogen, linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl chain, acyl group, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, or aldehyde, with the provisos that R1, R2, and R3 cannot all be hydrogen, the DES component cannot contain two trisubstituted aromatic compounds; the DES component cannot contain an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde and an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl at the same time; one or more glycol ether solvents according to the formula:
[0008] wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, n ranges from 1 to 4, and the one or more glycol ether solvent is present at a percent by weight (wt%) of the solvent composition in a range of 30 wt%to 70 wt%, allowing the solvent composition to dissolve the photoresist; and removing the dissolved photoresist from the substrate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] Embodiments relate to solvent compositions for photoresist stripping applications that combine a deep eutectic solvent (DES) component containing at least one aromatic compound with one or more glycol ether solvents. Solvent compositions may be relatively nontoxic, meet GHS regulations for solvents, and contain no amides or halogens. Solvent compositions disclosed herein may include a DES component containing two or more aromatic compounds
[0010] The solvent composition includes a mixture of deep eutectic solvents (DES) and one or more glycol ether solvent. The DES is formed from aromatic compounds, which are selected based on their polarity and hydrogen bonding capabilities. The glycol ether solvent is chosen for its ability to enhance the solubility of the DES and improve the overall performance of the solvent composition.
[0011] Solvent compositions may include a DES component containing a mixture of two or more aromatic compounds. The two or more aromatic compounds having, independently, the general formula:
[0012] wherein R1, R2, and R3 can independently be hydrogen, linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl chain, acyl group, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, or aldehyde, with the provisos that R1, R2, and R3 cannot all be hydrogen, the DES cannot contain two trisubstituted aromatic compounds; the DES component cannot contain an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde and an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl at the same time.
[0013] Suitable aromatic compounds may include, for example, one or more of, anisole, , acetophenone, thymol, guaiacol, vanillin, 4-methoxyphenol, 2-ethoxyphenol, 3-ethoxyphenol, 4-ethoxyphenol, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-ethoxybenzaldehyde, 3-ethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2, 4-diethylphenol, 2, 5-diethylphenol, 2, 6-diethylphenol, 3, 5-diethylphenol, 2, 4-dimethoxyphenol, 2, 5-dimethoxyphenol, 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, 3, 5-dimethoxyphenol, 2’, 4’-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2’, 5’-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2’, 6’-dihydroxyacetophenone, 3, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2, 4-dimethylacetophenone, 2, 5-dimethylacetophenone, 2, 6-dimethylacetophenone, 3, 5-dimethylacetophenone, and the like.
[0014] DES components may include two or more aromatic compounds having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 90 Da to 800 Da, 90 Da to 700 Da, or 90 Da to 600 Da.
[0015] DES components disclosed herein may include two aromatic compounds at a molar ratio ranging from 1: 4 to 4: 1, 1: 3 to 3: 1, or 1: 2 to 2: 1.
[0016] Solvent compositions of the present disclosure may have one or more glycol ether solvents according to the formula:
[0017] where R1 is hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, n ranges from 1 to 4. Suitable glycol ether solvents may include, for example, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the like.
[0018] Solvent compositions may include one or more glycol ether solvents at a percent by weight (wt%) of up to 60 wt%, up to 50 wt%, or up to 60 wt%, such as in a range of 10 wt%to 60 wt%or 40 wt%to 60 wt%.
[0019] Methods may also include photoresist stripping and photolithography processes that include providing a surface having a photoresist layer; and stripping at least a portion of the photoresist layer from the surface with the solvent mixture of the present disclosure. Photoresist layers may be selected from those formed by a photosensitive polyimide layer, a phenolic resin layer, an acrylic layer or combination thereof.
[0020] Solvent mixtures disclosed herein may be used as a stripping formulation containing a mixture of DES and glycol ether solvents. In some cases, the solvent mixture may further include monoethanol amine at a weight ratio of monoethanol amine to remaining solvents in a range of 2: 1 to 7: 3. It is also envisioned that suitable solvents used for stripping formulations, may also be used such as acetone, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) , toluene, n-butyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethylene carbonate (EC) , propylene carbonate (PC) , dibasic esters (DBE) , and the like.
[0021] While formulation components and properties have been disclosed individually, it is envisioned that component elements may be included, excluded, or combined in any manner or subcombination utilizing any of the above concentration ranges and nested subranges therein. Further, that the recited formulation properties may be similarly achieved through various combinations of the recited components within the recited ranges.
[0022] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include all values from, and including, the lower and upper value and all values in between. Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.
[0023] Examples
[0024] The following examples are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Table 1 provides the materials used in the following examples.
[0025] Example 1: Preparation of DES
[0026] The DES was prepared with simple heating and stirring method. To be specific, designed amount of each component was mixed and heated to 60℃ with continuous stirring at 300 rpm for 2 hours plate (IKA RET basic with IKA ETS-D5 as temperature controller) until a transparent solvent was obtained. The DES was then cooled to room temperature for further use.
[0027] Example 2: Preparation of Solvent Mixture
[0028] Solvent mixture samples were prepared by combining the DES composition with the desired amount of glycol ether solvent, and left at room temperature until any generated bubbles disappeared. Solvent formulations are listed in Tables 2 and 3.
[0029] Example 3: Display Photoresist Stripping Performance
[0030] The comparative solvents and sample mixtures from Example 2 were tested for its ability to strip photoresist from an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. The performance was evaluated by measuring the time required to completely remove the photoresist film. If a sample demonstrated effective stripping performance within 30 seconds, this is recorded as meeting the required criteria.
[0031] For the display photoresist stripping performance evaluation, 3 mL of AZ SFP-1400 photoresist solution (AZ Electronics / Merck) was dropped onto the surface of an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate (100 mm × 100 mm × 1 mm in size) . The substrate was spun at a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 10 seconds to spin-coat the photoresist solution and increased to 1000 rpm and maintained for 30 seconds to achieve a 1 μm thick photoresist film. The spin-coated photoresist was heated at 130℃ for 10 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere to evaporate the solvent completely and cure the photoresist film. Afterwards, around 100 μL of each prepared solvent was dropped onto the photoresist film at room temperature. The glass substrate was slightly shaken, and the time for completely removing the photoresist was recorded. A stripping time of ≤ 40 seconds is considered acceptable. Table 4 illustrates the performance of display photoresist stripping.
[0032] For display photoresist stripping, IE3 (acetophenone: thymol) and IE4 (acetophenone: guaiacol) showed good stripping performance when combined with 40 wt%and 50 wt%of glycol ether solvents. IE5 (Guaiacol: vanillin) and IE6, 7 (guaiacol: thymol) also showed good stripping performance when complexed with CARBITOLTM Solvent comparable to CE1 to CE3. CE7 having aromatic compounds with an aldehyde group and carbonyl group, respectively, exhibited relatively poor stripping performance.
[0033] Example 4: Semiconductor Photoresist Stripping Performance
[0034] For the semiconductor photoresist stripping performance evaluation, the stripping performance for both positive and negative semiconductor photoresist was analyzed using the solvent formulations. The positive photoresist is KrF (248 nm) , and the negative photoresist is I-line (365 nm) . Before evaluation, the photoresists were post-baked at 230℃ for 15 minutes to thermally cure the photoresist. After post-bake, the wafers were cut into 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm rectangles for the photoresist stripping test.
[0035] The sample solvent mixtures were, independently, mixed with monoethanolamine (MEA) in a weight ratio of 7: 3 to form a stripper formulation. This is a classical stripper formulation in which MEA is used to decompose the photoresist. For the benchmarks of NMP, DMSO, and THFA (CE1 to CE3, respectively) , the solvents were complexed with MEA for the photoresist stripping test. During the evaluation, the wafers were immersed in the stripper and stored in a 70℃oven. The stripping performance was checked every 10 minutes, and the time it took for complete stripping was recorded. Testing results for positive and negative photoresist stripping are shown in Table 5.
[0036] In positive semiconductor stripping, the comparative samples containing a single aromatic compound, such as CE6 (propylene carbonate: thymol) and CE5 (TEA: acetophenone) showed negligible stripping performance. All inventive solvent compositions exhibited satisfactory stripping performance at least on par with comparative solvents (CE1 to CE3, for example) . Negative semiconductor photoresist are often more difficult to dissolve than the positive. CE8 and CE9 indicate that the application of single aromatic compound did not perform as well as the DES mixtures (IE1 to IE8) . CE5 and CE6 indicate that if a DES is mixed and contains only a single aromatic compound performance in stripping is reduced. For CE7 (acetophenone and vanillin) , the presence of DES components having separately an aldehyde and a carbonyl generated insufficient performance in photoresist stripping.
[0037] While the foregoing is directed to exemplary embodiments, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims
1.A solvent composition for photoresist stripping, comprising:a deep eutectic solvent (DES) component composed of at least two aromatic compounds, wherein each aromatic compound is independently represented by the formula:wherein R1, R2, and R3 can independently be hydrogen, linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl chain, acyl group, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, or aldehyde,with the provisos that R1, R2, and R3 cannot all be hydrogen, the DES component cannot contain two trisubstituted aromatic compounds; the DES component cannot contain an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde and an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl at the same time;one or more glycol ether solvents according to the formula:wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, n ranges from 1 to 4, and the one or more glycol ether solvent is present at a percent by weight (wt%) of the solvent composition in a range of 30 wt%to 70 wt%.2.The solvent composition of claim 1, wherein the DES component comprises two aromatic compound at a molar ratio of 1: 4 to 4: 1.3.The solvent composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more glycol ether solvents are present at 40 wt%to 60 wt%.4.The solvent composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more glycol ether solvents are selected from the group comprising of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.5.The solvent composition of claim 1, wherein the DES component comprises aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of acetophenone, thymol, guaiacol, vanillin, and propylene carbonate.6.The solvent composition of claim 1, wherein the DES component consists of:acetophenone and guaiacol; acetophenone and thymol; guaiacol and vanillin; or thymol and guaiacol.7.The solvent mixture of claim 1, further comprising monoethanol amine.8.A method for stripping photoresist from a substrate, comprising:applying a solvent composition comprising a deep eutectic solvent (DES) component composed of at least two aromatic compounds, wherein each aromatic compound is independently represented by the formula:wherein R1, R2, and R3 can independently be hydrogen, linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl chain, acyl group, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, or aldehyde,with the provisos that R1, R2, and R3 cannot all be hydrogen, the DES component cannot contain two trisubstituted aromatic compounds; the DES component cannot contain an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde and an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl at the same time;one or more glycol ether solvents according to the formula:wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, n ranges from 1 to 4, and the one or more glycol ether solvent is present at a percent by weight (wt%) of the solvent composition in a range of 30 wt%to 70 wt%allowing the solvent composition to dissolve the photoresist; andremoving the dissolved photoresist from the substrate.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the solvent mixture further comprises monoethanol amine at a weight ratio of monoethanol amine to remaining solvents in a range of 2:1 to 7:3.