Wave dissipating structure, design method, and mounting method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, and specifically relates to a wave dissipating structure, a design method, and a mounting method. The wave dissipating structure comprises a wave dissipating chamber module; the wave dissipating chamber module comprises a buoyancy adjustment module and a floating body module, wherein the buoyancy adjustment module is used for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave dissipating chamber module so that part of the wave dissipating chamber module is below the water surface and part of the wave dissipating chamber module is above the water surface to form a floating wave dissipating structure, a bottom-seated wave dissipating structure, or a truncated wave dissipating structure; and a leeward side of the floating body module is provided with an inflow hole for introducing waves into the wave dissipating chamber module, and the floating body module is fixedly connected to the buoyancy adjustment module to form the hollow columnar wave dissipating chamber module. The wave dissipating structure of the present application has a good wave dissipating effect and can be applied to various complex sea areas, the entire wave dissipating structure is an assembled structure, the assembly is simple, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the overall structure is stable, the strength is high, and the wave dissipating effect on medium- and long-period waves is excellent.

Description

Wave-damping structure, design method and installation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, specifically to a wave-damping structure, its design method, and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of sustainable development and utilization of marine resources, marine industry development, and the construction of interconnected maritime transportation infrastructure, the demand for deep-sea engineering is constantly increasing. Marine infrastructure is moving into deep waters, where the construction environment is complex and harsh, presenting new challenges for engineering construction and operation. Simultaneously, with the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese enterprises are increasingly participating in international marine engineering construction. The Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic coast generally experience severe wave conditions with long wave periods and high extreme wave heights. Long-period waves in deep-sea environments have a significant impact on the safety and service life of marine engineering construction and the operation and maintenance of marine structures, but there are currently no effective wave-damping structures specifically designed for these waves. Wave-damping technology for strong swells and long-period waves in deep-sea environments has become a key common technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in port engineering construction.

[0003] Existing marine protective structures are mainly classified into bottom-mounted wave-dissipating structures, cut-off wave-dissipating structures, and floating wave-dissipating structures. Traditional bottom-mounted protective structures impede wave propagation by isolating the water body, with the breakwater extending uniformly from the water surface to the seabed. These include vertical breakwaters, composite breakwaters, and riprap breakwaters. Cut-off protective structures utilize the principle that wave energy is mainly concentrated at the surface. They consist of piers and wave-blocking structures submerged to a certain depth. The upper wave-blocking structure can be box-type or baffle-type, while the lower support structure can be column-type, pier-type, or frame-type. Bottom-mounted protective structures can eliminate waves throughout their entire lifecycle, and cut-off protective structures offer good wave-dissipating effects and are economical. However, if applied to deep-sea environments, bottom-mounted wave-dissipating structures would be extremely large, resulting in high construction costs, difficult construction, and unsuitable structural form. Cut-off wave-dissipating structures are suitable for deeper water environments but have poor wave-dissipating effects on strong swells and medium-to-long-period waves, and exhibit poor structural stability in deep-water environments.

[0004] Floating breakwater structures utilize floating bodies to disrupt the movement of water particles in waves, preventing wave propagation or causing wave breakage. They consist of wave-dissipating floating bodies and a mooring system. For example, the prior art, titled "A Positioning and Sinking Control System for a Large Bridge Deep-Water Precast Foundation," describes a floating breakwater structure including a dynamic positioning system, a mooring system, a GPS positioning device, a C-type floating breakwater, and a control platform. The dynamic positioning system consists of multiple positioning vessels. The mooring system comprises multiple mooring cables, force sensors, and force regulators. The mooring cables are fixed at both ends to the precast foundation and the positioning vessels, respectively, with force sensors and force regulators arranged on the mooring cables. The GPS positioning device is positioned at multiple control points on the top surface of the precast foundation. The C-type floating breakwater is composed of multiple sets of floating wave-dissipating units anchored to the seabed, arranged in the wave-facing direction of the surrounding sea area of ​​the dynamic positioning system. The control platform consists of an information acquisition system and an analysis and control system. The information acquisition system wirelessly transmits, collects, and receives real-time responses to the movement of the prefabricated foundation and the axial force of the mooring cables. The analysis and control system uses force regulators to synchronously adjust the axial force of the mooring cables at multiple points, controlling the prefabricated foundation within the preset positioning and sinking range. The floating breakwater described in this technology is effective against short-period waves, but its wave dissipation effect is very poor for medium- and long-period waves, and it is ineffective against strong swells and long-period waves, thus failing to provide effective protection for marine structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and to provide a wave-damping structure, design method, and installation method.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is: a wave-damping structure, including a wave-damping chamber module; the wave-damping chamber module includes,

[0007] A buoyancy adjustment module is used to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module so that part of the wave-dissipating chamber module is below the water surface and part is above the water surface, forming a floating, bottom-sitting, or cut-off wave-dissipating structure.

[0008] The floating body module has an inlet hole on its back side to introduce waves into the wave-dissipating chamber module. The floating body module and the buoyancy adjustment module are fixedly connected to form a hollow columnar wave-dissipating chamber module.

[0009] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the inflow hole penetrates the wave-damping chamber module from bottom to top, making the back side of the wave-damping chamber module an open structure.

[0010] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the wave-damping chamber module is a hollow columnar structure with an arc-shaped inner wall.

[0011] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the wave-damping chamber module is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both the top and bottom.

[0012] According to a wave-damping structure provided in this application, the buoyancy adjustment module is located below all the floating body modules.

[0013] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the buoyancy adjustment module includes multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers, which are sequentially spliced ​​together along the circumference to form a columnar structure with an opening on the back wave side; the buoyancy adjustment chamber is a hollow block structure with an arc-shaped inner end face, and an adjustment structure for adjusting buoyancy is provided on the buoyancy adjustment chamber.

[0014] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the circumferential side of the buoyancy regulating chamber is provided with a first protrusion that protrudes circumferentially and a first recess that is recessed axially, and adjacent buoyancy regulating chambers are fixedly connected as one unit by the first protrusion engaging with the first recess.

[0015] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the circumferential side of the buoyancy regulating chamber is provided with a first bolt interface, and adjacent buoyancy regulating chambers are fixed together by bolts passing through the first bolt interface where the adjacent buoyancy regulating chambers meet.

[0016] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the axial end of the buoyancy adjustment chamber is provided with a second protrusion that protrudes along the axial direction or a second recess that is recessed along the axial direction, and the buoyancy adjustment chamber is fixed to an adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber or a floating body module through the second protrusion or the second recess.

[0017] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the adjustment structure includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe disposed on the buoyancy adjustment chamber; the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to the internal space of the buoyancy adjustment chamber and are respectively placed at the lower end of the buoyancy adjustment chamber near its circumferential sides, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are respectively connected to the external water injection and water pumping structures for adjusting the gravity of the buoyancy adjustment chamber.

[0018] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the adjustment structure further includes a pipe; the lower end of the pipe is connected to an inlet pipe or an outlet pipe, and the upper end extends vertically to the top of the wave-damping chamber module. The pipe is fixedly connected to the float module and the buoyancy adjustment module through a pipe clamp structure.

[0019] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the pipe clamp is a clamp-type structure, with one end of the pipe clamp sleeved and fixed on the pipe, and the other end nailed into the float module or buoyancy adjustment module.

[0020] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the floating body module and the buoyancy adjustment module are provided with prestressed pipes that run vertically through them; the floating body module and the buoyancy adjustment module are fixedly connected as one unit in the axial direction by prestressed steel strands passing through the prestressed pipes.

[0021] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the floating body module includes multiple floating body units, which are sequentially spliced ​​together in the circumferential direction to form a columnar floating body structure with an opening on the back wave side. In the multi-layer floating body structure, axially adjacent floating body units are sequentially spliced ​​together to form a hollow columnar floating body module.

[0022] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the circumferential side of the floating body unit is provided with a third protrusion that protrudes circumferentially and a third concave in the axial direction, and adjacent floating body units are fixed together by the third protrusion being snapped into the third concave.

[0023] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the circumferential side of the floating body unit is provided with multiple sets of third protrusions and third recesses arranged radially at intervals, each set including multiple third protrusions and third recesses arranged alternately along the axial direction.

[0024] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, the circumferential side of the floating body unit is provided with a second bolt interface, and adjacent floating body units are fixed together by bolts passing through the second bolt interface where the adjacent floating body units meet.

[0025] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, one axial end of the floating body unit is provided with a fourth protrusion that protrudes along the axial direction, and the other axial end is provided with a fourth recess that is recessed along the axial direction; adjacent floating body units are fixed together by the fourth protrusion engaging with the fourth recess.

[0026] According to the wave-damping structure provided in this application, multiple support frames are provided in the inlet hole of the wave-damping chamber module; the support frames are truss structures with both ends fixed to the floating body modules and / or buoyancy adjustment modules on both sides, and the multiple support frames are distributed vertically at intervals.

[0027] According to the wave-dissipating structure provided in this application, the anchoring structure is used to position the wave-dissipating chamber module floating on the water surface at the designed installation position to form a truncated wave-dissipating structure or a floating wave-dissipating structure.

[0028] According to the wave-dissipating structure provided in this application, the anchoring module includes multiple sets of anchor cables and anchor blocks. The multiple sets of anchor cables are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the wave-dissipating chamber module. Each set includes at least two anchor cables. The upper ends of the anchor cables in the same set are fixed vertically at intervals to the outside of the wave-dissipating chamber module, and the lower ends are connected to the anchor blocks.

[0029] According to the wave-dissipating structure provided in this application, the anchoring structure includes multiple piles driven into the water area where the designed installation location is located. The multiple piles are arranged at intervals along the circumference and are respectively fixedly connected to the wave-dissipating chamber module.

[0030] This application also relates to a wave-dissipating structure design method, which is used to design any of the above-mentioned wave-dissipating structures, including,

[0031] Obtain characteristic data of waves in the construction area;

[0032] A functional relationship between the geometric parameters of the wave-dissipating chamber module and the characteristic data of waves was constructed based on the Helmholtz resonance theory.

[0033] Based on the required wave wavelength reduction, the structural dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module are determined according to the aforementioned functional relationship.

[0034] According to the wave-dissipating structure design method provided in this application, the method for obtaining characteristic data of waves in the construction sea area includes: obtaining long-term wave data of the construction area and analyzing it to form a typical wave spectrum of the area; determining the range of medium- and long-period waves that have the greatest impact on engineering construction and structural operation and maintenance based on the wave spectrum of the construction sea area; and obtaining the characteristic wavelength of the wave by combining the wave wavelength range and the typical wave spectrum.

[0035] According to the wave-damping structure design method provided in this application, the method for constructing the functional relationship between the structural parameters of the wave-damping chamber module and the characteristic data of waves based on Helmholtz resonance theory includes: constructing the functional relationship according to the following formula.

[0036] Where: f0 — Helmholtz resonance frequency;

[0037] λ — the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave;

[0038] P – Opening ratio, which is the percentage of the area of ​​the inlet holes on the wave-damping chamber module to the total side area of ​​the wave-damping chamber module;

[0039] L k — Geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module.

[0040] According to the wave-damping structure design method provided in this application, the method for determining the structural dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module based on the aforementioned functional relationship includes: substituting the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave to be reduced into the functional relationship to obtain the correspondence between the aperture ratio and the geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module; and converting the geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module according to the following formula: L k =a + 0.3D = a + 0.6HR / (H + R)

[0041] Where: L k —Geometric parameters of the wave damping chamber module

[0042] a—Thickness of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0043] D – Hydraulic diameter of the wave damping chamber module;

[0044] H – Water depth in the construction area;

[0045] R – Radius of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0046] The relative relationships between the opening ratio and the thickness of the wave-damping chamber module, the water depth of the construction area, and the radius of the wave-damping chamber module are established. Based on the aforementioned relative relationships, the outer diameter, inner diameter, thickness, and inlet hole structure dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module are designed.

[0047] According to the wave-damping structure design method provided in this application, the draft of the wave-damping chamber module is greater than half the water depth of the construction sea area.

[0048] This application also relates to a method for installing a wave-dissipating structure, the method being used to install any of the aforementioned wave-dissipating structures, including,

[0049] The necessary floating body modules and buoyancy adjustment modules are prefabricated in the factory and transported to the construction site;

[0050] Assemble the buoyancy adjustment module at the construction site to form the base of the wave-dissipating chamber module, assemble the floating body module and fix the assembled floating body module on the buoyancy adjustment module to form the required wave-dissipating chamber module;

[0051] The assembled wave-damping chamber modules were towed to the designed operating area;

[0052] The buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module to put the wave-damping chamber module into the set working mode;

[0053] During the turnaround, adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module and tow it to the next working area, then install the wave-dissipating chamber module according to the above method.

[0054] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of prefabricating the required floating body modules and buoyancy adjustment modules in the factory includes: prefabricating multiple floating body units for assembling floating body modules and multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers for assembling buoyancy adjustment modules in the factory.

[0055] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of assembling the buoyancy adjustment module at the construction site includes: inserting the first protrusion on the circumferential side of the buoyancy adjustment chamber into the first recess on the axial side of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber to connect the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers into one unit; driving bolts into the first bolt interface corresponding to the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers to fix the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers into one unit; and so on until the required buoyancy adjustment module is formed.

[0056] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of assembling the floating body module includes: inserting the third protrusion on the circumferential side of the floating body unit into the third concave part on the circumferential side of the adjacent floating body unit; driving bolts into the second bolt interface aligned with the adjacent floating body units to fix the adjacent floating body units together; proceeding in sequence until a ring-shaped floating body structure is formed; assembling a second ring-shaped floating body structure based on the ring-shaped floating body structure; during the assembly process, using the fourth protrusion and fourth concave structure at the axial ends of the axially adjacent floating body units to connect the two floating body structures together; proceeding in sequence until the required floating body module is formed.

[0057] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of fixing the assembled floating body module to the buoyancy adjustment module includes: using the second protrusion or second concave at the top axial direction of the buoyancy adjustment chamber and the fourth concave or fourth protrusion at the bottom axial direction of the lowest buoyancy unit to fix the buoyancy adjustment chamber and the buoyancy unit together, so that the prestressed pipes in the buoyancy adjustment module and the floating body module are aligned in the axial direction, inserting steel strands into the aligned prestressed pipes and performing prestress tensioning, so that the buoyancy adjustment module and the floating body module are fixedly connected as one unit in the axial direction.

[0058] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, pipes are arranged on the outer circumference of the buoyancy adjustment module and the floating body module. The pipes are fixed to the outer side of the buoyancy adjustment module and the floating body module by using a pipe clamp structure that is nailed into the outer wall of the buoyancy adjustment module and the floating body module. The lower end of the pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe or water outlet pipe of the buoyancy adjustment chamber.

[0059] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of towing the assembled wave-damping chamber module to the designed operating water area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing downwards; connecting multiple wave-damping chamber modules together in a series connection manner with the ends connected; and then towing the whole assembly to the designed operating water area.

[0060] According to the wave-dissipating structure installation method provided in this application, the method of adjusting the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module includes: after the wave-dissipating chamber module is towed to the designed operating water area, the buoyancy is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module of the wave-dissipating chamber module so that the wave-dissipating chamber module floats vertically on the water surface, and the inlet hole of the wave-dissipating chamber module is located on the back wave side of the wave-dissipating chamber module.

[0061] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to make the wave-damping chamber module put into a set working mode includes: when the designed installation area is a shallow water area, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to make the lower end of the wave-damping chamber module sink to the bottom to form a bottom-sitting wave-damping structure.

[0062] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to put the wave-damping chamber module into a set working mode includes: when the designed installation area is a deep water area, using the buoyancy adjustment module to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module, so that the wave-damping chamber module sinks to be completely submerged in water, connecting the anchor cable already installed on the anchor block on the bottom to the annular anchor point on the side of the wave-damping chamber module, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module, so that the wave-damping chamber module floats to the designed draft depth, adjusting the length and tension of the anchor cable to keep the anchor cable in a taut state, and continuing to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module to make the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module reach the design requirements.

[0063] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, during turnover, the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted so that the wave-damping chamber module sinks to be completely submerged in water, the connection between the anchor cable and the wave-damping chamber module is released, and then the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted to float to the water surface.

[0064] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to make the wave-damping chamber module in a set working mode includes: when the designed installation area is a deep water area, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to make the wave-damping chamber module at a preset height position, driving several pile foundations into the designed installation area, connecting the wave-damping chamber module to the pile foundations, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module to make the wave-damping chamber module reach the designed draft depth.

[0065] According to the wave-damping structure installation method provided in this application, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module and towing the wave-damping chamber module to the next working water area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing downwards, connecting multiple wave-damping chamber modules together in a series connection manner, and then towing the whole assembly to the next working water area.

[0066] The advantages of this application are: 1. The wave-dissipating structure of this application is a columnar wave-dissipating chamber structure. Waves can enter the wave-dissipating chamber through the inlet hole and be reflected inside the wave-dissipating chamber structure. Waves of specific wavelengths can resonate in the wave-dissipating chamber structure. By designing the size of the wave-dissipating structure, the wave-dissipating structure can achieve a wave-dissipating effect of 50% on strong swells and medium-to-long-period waves. The structure adopts a modular design, which can be quickly disassembled and assembled, can adapt to different working water depths, and can be quickly turned around between different construction sections.

[0067] 2. The wave-damping structure of this application is a modular assembly structure. The modular splicing structure is easy to assemble. The modules are equipped with splicing structures, prestressed pipes and anchor bolts. The splicing structure can be quickly positioned, and the anchor bolts and prestressed steel strands form a stable structure. Through modular design, the structure can be quickly spliced ​​and dismantled, which improves construction efficiency. At the same time, the structural height can be changed by different splicing layers according to the water depth, which improves the adaptability of the structure.

[0068] 3. The modular wave-damping structure of this application is prefabricated in the factory, and the modules are spliced ​​in layers on the construction site before being finally assembled into water and positioned in the working area. During turnover, the buoyancy of the structure is adjusted to float it to the next working area for installation and positioning, so as to realize the rapid splicing and installation of the structure and the rapid turnover between different working areas.

[0069] 4. This application also proposes a wave-damping structure design method. Based on wave data of the construction sea area, a mathematical relationship between the structural dimensions and the wave wavelength to be reduced is established. According to the construction and operation and maintenance requirements, the range of wave wavelengths to be reduced is determined, and the specific dimensions of the wave-damping structure are designed so that after a wave of a specific wavelength enters the structural cavity, it resonates in the structural cavity and forms a standing wave, thereby reducing wave energy and achieving a wave-damping effect of up to 50% for medium and long period waves.

[0070] The wave-damping structure of this application has a good wave-damping effect and can be applied to various complex sea areas. The entire wave-damping structure is a modular structure, which is simple to assemble and very convenient to assemble and disassemble. The overall structure is stable and has high strength. It also has the function of buoyancy adjustment and has an excellent wave-damping effect on medium and long period waves. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the wave-damping structure of this application;

[0072] Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the wave-damping chamber module structure of this application;

[0073] Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the assembly of the floating body module and the buoyancy adjustment module in this application;

[0074] Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the buoyancy regulating chamber structure of this application (inner side);

[0075] Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the buoyancy regulating chamber structure of this application (outer side);

[0076] Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the float adjustment module and the pipeline in this application;

[0077] Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the floating unit structure of this application (inner side);

[0078] Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the floating body unit structure of this application (outer side);

[0079] Figure 9: Schematic diagram of the splicing structure of the single-layer floating body unit (floating body structure) of this application;

[0080] Figure 10: Installation flowchart of the wave-damping structure of this application;

[0081] Wherein: 1—buoyancy adjustment module; 11—buoyancy adjustment chamber; 111—first protrusion; 112—first recess; 113—first bolt interface; 114—second protrusion; 115—second recess; 116—water inlet pipe; 117—water outlet pipe; 118—first prestressed pipe; 12—pipeline;

[0082] 2—Floating body module; 21—Floating body unit; 211—Third protrusion; 212—Third recess; 213—Second bolt interface; 214—Fourth protrusion; 215—Fourth recess; 216—Second prestressed pipe;

[0083] 3—Support frame; 4—Anchor block; 5—Anchor cable. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0085] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0086] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0087] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0088] This application relates to a wave-damping structure, its design method, and its installation method. The wave-damping structure is a hollow columnar structure that is partially submerged and above the water surface during use. An Helmholtz resonant cavity is formed inside the structure, with inlet holes on the back side. Waves passing through the structure enter through these inlet holes, causing Helmholtz resonance within the structure. Waves of specific frequencies resonate within the cavity, thus reducing wave energy. This wave-damping structure achieves a 50% wave-damping effect for medium- and long-period waves. Furthermore, when the wave-damping structures are arranged in an array, waves passing through the preceding row are reflected by the following row. The reflected waves then enter the preceding row through the inlet holes, continuing the Helmholtz resonance and further enhancing the wave-damping effect. This wave-damping structure is a modular structure that can be assembled according to actual needs. Assembly, installation, and disassembly are very convenient, and disassembled wave-damping structures can be reused, reducing operating costs.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, the wave-damping structure has been optimized. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1-9, one wave-damping structure of this embodiment includes a wave-damping chamber module, which is the main body of the wave-damping structure. Waves resonate within the wave-damping chamber module to achieve the desired wave-damping effect. The wave-damping chamber module includes a buoyancy adjustment module 1 and a floating body module 2. The buoyancy adjustment module 1 is used to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module so that part of the wave-damping chamber module is below the water surface and part is above the water surface, forming a floating, bottom-sitting, or truncated wave-damping structure. The floating body module 2 has an inlet hole on its back side to introduce waves into the wave-damping chamber module. The floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are fixedly connected to form a hollow columnar wave-damping chamber module.

[0090] In other words, the wave-dissipating chamber module in this embodiment is a hollow cylindrical structure with adjustable buoyancy. The buoyancy of the entire wave-dissipating chamber module can be adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module 1, changing the draft of the wave-dissipating chamber module in the water. It can be adjusted to different wave-dissipating forms according to different water depth modes. For example, in shallow water, the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be reduced or the weight of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be increased by the buoyancy adjustment module 1, so that the wave-dissipating chamber module sinks to the bottom. The lower end of the wave-dissipating chamber module is fixed on the seabed or riverbed, while the upper end is exposed above the water surface, forming a bottom-mounted wave-dissipating structure. When constructing a wave-dissipating structure in deep water, the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module 1, so that the wave-dissipating chamber module floats on the water surface, that is, partly below the water surface and partly above the water surface. Then, the wave-dissipating chamber module is fixed at the designed installation position and designed draft by anchoring. It can form a floating wave-dissipating structure or a truncated wave-dissipating structure according to actual needs.

[0091] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the wave-damping chamber module. The wave-damping chamber module in this embodiment is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both the top and bottom. When the wave-damping chamber module is in operation, the side with the inlet hole is the wave-repellent side, and the module floats vertically on the water surface. The lower half of the wave-damping chamber module is submerged below the water surface, while the upper half extends above the sea surface. The openings at both the top and bottom of the wave-damping chamber module facilitate the entry and exit of seawater, further improving the wave-damping effect.

[0092] Waves enter the wave-dissipating chamber module through the inlet hole via diffraction. To improve the efficiency of wave entry, in this embodiment, the inlet hole penetrates the wave-dissipating chamber module from bottom to top, making the wave-repellent side of the module open. Furthermore, to facilitate the resonance effect of waves within the wave-dissipating chamber module, the module in this embodiment has an inner wall that is a hollow columnar structure with an arc shape. This allows waves entering the module to be reflected by the inner wall and collide within the module, resulting in Helmholtz resonance, thus enhancing the resonance effect and further improving the wave-dissipating effect.

[0093] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the buoyancy adjustment module 1 described above. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the buoyancy adjustment module 1 in this embodiment is located below all the floating body modules 2. When the wave-dissipating chamber module is buoyant adjusted, the buoyancy adjustment module 1 at the bottom can be used to quickly change the center of gravity of the wave-dissipating chamber module, facilitating the adjustment of the attitude of the wave-dissipating chamber module. Therefore, the buoyancy adjustment module 1 in this embodiment can not only adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module, but also adjust the attitude of the wave-dissipating chamber module by changing its center of gravity.

[0094] The buoyancy adjustment module 1 of this embodiment includes multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers 11, as shown in Figures 2-6. These chambers are sequentially connected circumferentially to form a columnar structure with an opening on the back of the wave side. Each buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is a hollow, block-shaped structure with an arc-shaped inner end face. An adjustment structure for adjusting buoyancy is provided on each buoyancy adjustment chamber 11. The buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is a hollow, single-unit structure. Multiple chambers can be used to form the required buoyancy adjustment module 1. Different numbers of chambers can form buoyancy adjustment modules 1 of different specifications. In actual use, different numbers of chambers can be used to assemble the module according to the required specifications. In actual use, the buoyancy adjustment module 1 can be a single-layer structure formed by circumferentially connecting multiple chambers 11, or a multi-layer structure formed by connecting multiple chambers 11.

[0095] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the circumferential side of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is provided with a first protrusion 111 that protrudes circumferentially and a first recess 112 that is recessed axially. Adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 are fixed together by engaging the first protrusion 111 with the first recess 112. When adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 are spliced, the first recess 112 of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is inserted into the first recess 112 of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, thereby completing the positioning connection of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 in the circumferential direction.

[0096] The circumferential connection of adjacent buoyancy adjustment tanks 11 is achieved through a bolt structure, as shown in Figures 2-5. A first bolt interface 113 is provided on the circumferential side of each buoyancy adjustment tank 11. Adjacent buoyancy adjustment tanks 11 are fixed together by bolts passing through the first bolt interface 113 where they meet. After the adjacent buoyancy adjustment tanks 11 are circumferentially positioned and aligned, bolts are driven into the aligned first bolt interface 113 to fix the adjacent buoyancy adjustment tanks 11 together circumferentially.

[0097] The above-described circumferential connection structure is used to connect adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is provided with an axial connection structure. The axial connection structure is used to connect axially adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11, or to connect the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 to the buoyancy module 2. As shown in Figure 4, the axial end of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is provided with a second protrusion 114 that protrudes axially (the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 shown in Figure 4 has a second protrusion 114 at the top axially) or a second recess 115 (not shown) that is recessed axially. The buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is fixed to the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 or the float module 2 by the second protrusion 114 or the second recess 115.

[0098] In this embodiment, a second protrusion 114 is provided on the top of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 to achieve axial connection. As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 6, the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is a single-layer structure. Therefore, it is only necessary to provide the second protrusion 114 structure on the axial top of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, because it only involves the axial docking of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 and the bottommost float module 2. The bottom of the float module 2 is provided with a concave structure corresponding to the second protrusion 114. The specific structure is described later.

[0099] In actual assembly of the buoyancy adjustment module 1, the first protrusion 111 on the circumferential side of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is inserted into the first recess 112 on the axial side of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 to connect the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 into one unit. Bolts are then driven into the first bolt interface 113 corresponding to the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 to fix the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 into one unit. This process is repeated until the required buoyancy adjustment module 1 is formed.

[0100] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the buoyancy regulating chamber 11 described above. Specifically, as shown in Figures 3-6, the regulating structure includes an inlet pipe 116 and an outlet pipe 117 disposed on the buoyancy regulating chamber 11. The inlet pipe 116 and the outlet pipe 117 are connected to the internal space of the buoyancy regulating chamber 11 and are respectively placed at the lower end of the buoyancy regulating chamber 11 near its circumferential sides. The inlet pipe 116 and the outlet pipe 117 are respectively connected to the external water injection and water pumping structures to adjust the gravity of the buoyancy regulating chamber 11.

[0101] In this embodiment, the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 adjusts buoyancy by changing gravity. Specifically, the amount of water inside the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is changed via the inlet pipe 116 and outlet pipe 117, thereby altering the weight of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 and adjusting the buoyancy of the entire wave-damping chamber module. Since the buoyancy adjustment module 1 in this embodiment is an open ring structure composed of multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers 11, the center of gravity of the entire buoyancy adjustment module 1 can be adjusted by changing the gravity of the buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 at different positions. This achieves the purpose of changing the center of gravity of the wave-damping chamber module, thus automatically adjusting the attitude of the wave-damping chamber module.

[0102] In practical applications, it is not limited to this gravity adjustment structure that adjusts water by inlet and outlet. An airbag can also be set in the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 to adjust buoyancy by changing the volume of the airbag. Alternatively, the gravity adjustment structure can be combined with the airbag adjustment structure, as long as the purpose of buoyancy adjustment of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 in this embodiment can be met.

[0103] Furthermore, the adjustment structure in this embodiment also includes a pipe 12, the lower end of which is connected to the inlet pipe 116 or the outlet pipe 117, and the upper end extends vertically to the top of the wave-damping chamber module. The pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the float module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 through a pipe clamp structure.

[0104] The purpose of setting up pipe 12 is to change the adjustment position of the bottom water inlet pipe 116 and water outlet pipe 117 to the top. When the wave damping chamber module is in use, the water inlet pipe 116 and water outlet pipe 117 are underwater, which is difficult to operate. By setting up pipe 12, the operation ports of the water inlet pipe 116 and water outlet pipe 117 are arranged at the top of the wave damping chamber module, above the water surface, which makes operation convenient.

[0105] In addition, in this embodiment, the pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the float module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1. The pipe 12 can enhance the strength of the axial connection between the float module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1, and improve the connection stability of the entire wave-damping chamber module. The pipe clamp in this embodiment is a clamp-type structure, with one end of the pipe clamp sleeved and fixed to the pipe 12, and the other end nailed into the float module 2 or the buoyancy adjustment module 1.

[0106] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the above-mentioned floating body module 2. Specifically, as shown in Figures 2-3 and 7-9, the floating body module 2 includes multiple floating body units 21. The multiple floating body units 21 are sequentially spliced ​​together along the circumferential direction to form a columnar floating body structure with an opening on the back wave side. The axially adjacent floating body units 21 in the multi-layer floating body structure are sequentially spliced ​​together to form a hollow columnar floating body module 2.

[0107] The floating module 2 is also a splicing and connecting structure. As shown in Figures 2-3 and 9, it is composed of multiple floating units 21. The floating units 21 are prefabricated in the factory, which greatly reduces the cost of the entire wave-damping chamber module and its use. The floating units 21 can be reused, and the number of floating units 21 can be changed to form floating modules 2 of different specifications, which can be applied to different wave-damping chamber modules.

[0108] The floating body unit 21 is formed by splicing and connecting in the circumferential direction to form a single-layer floating body structure. Then, the multi-layer floating body structure is connected in the axial direction to form the required floating body module 2. That is, a single floating body unit 21 can be connected to adjacent floating body units 21 in both the circumferential and axial directions. Specifically, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the circumferential side of the floating body unit 21 is provided with a circumferential connecting structure, which includes a third protrusion 211 protruding along the circumferential direction and a third recess 212 recessed along the axial direction. Adjacent floating body units 21 are fixed together by engaging the third protrusion 211 within the third recess 212. The circumferential docking of adjacent floating body units 21 is achieved by simply inserting the third protrusion 211 into the corresponding third recess 212.

[0109] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, this embodiment provides multiple sets of radially spaced circumferential connecting structures on the circumferential side of the float unit 21. Each set of circumferential connecting structures includes multiple third protrusions 211 and third recesses 212 arranged alternately along the axial direction. These multiple sets of circumferential connecting structures can form an interlocking structure when adjacent float units 21 are circumferentially connected, increasing the contact area of ​​the circumferential connecting structures of adjacent float units 21, making the connection more stable and tighter. In fact, among the multiple sets of circumferential connecting structures on the same circumferential side of the float unit 21, the third protrusions 211 and third recesses 212 in the radial direction of adjacent sets of circumferential connecting structures are staggered, also to enhance the stability and tightness of the interlocking connection structure.

[0110] Specifically, the circumferential fixation of adjacent floating body units 21 is achieved through a bolt structure, as shown in Figures 7-9. A second bolt interface 213 is provided on the circumferential side of the floating body unit 21, and adjacent floating body units 21 are fixed together by bolts passing through the second bolt interface 213 where adjacent floating body units 21 meet.

[0111] As shown in Figures 7-9, for the axial connection of the float unit 21, this embodiment provides an axial connection structure at one axial end of the float unit 21. The axial connection structure includes a fourth protrusion 214 that protrudes along the axial direction and a fourth recess 215 that is recessed along the axial direction at the other axial end. Adjacent float units 21 are fixed together by the fourth protrusion 214 engaging with the fourth recess 215. Each float unit 21 has multiple sets of axial connection structures arranged circumferentially at both axial ends. Each set of axial connection structures includes multiple fourth recesses 215 or multiple fourth protrusions 214.

[0112] When it is necessary to assemble the float module 2, the third protrusion 211 on the circumferential side of the float unit 21 is inserted into the third recess 212 on the circumferential side of the adjacent float unit 21, and bolts are driven into the second bolt interface 213 aligned with the adjacent float units 21 to fix the adjacent float units 21 into one unit. This process is repeated until a ring-shaped float structure is formed. Based on this ring-shaped float structure, a second ring-shaped float structure is assembled. During the assembly process, the fourth protrusion 214 and the fourth recess 215 on the axial ends of the axially adjacent float units 21 are used to connect the two float structures into one unit. This process is repeated until the required float module 2 is formed.

[0113] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the wave-damping chamber module. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the wave-damping chamber module of this embodiment is provided with multiple support frames 3 in the inlet hole. The support frame 3 is a truss structure with both ends fixed to the floating body module 2 and / or the buoyancy adjustment module 1 on both sides. The multiple support frames 3 are distributed vertically at intervals.

[0114] Since the wave-damping chamber module is a hollow columnar structure with an opening on the leeward side, the opening side is the weakest point of the entire module. To ensure the stability of the wave-damping chamber module during use and prevent deformation due to waves, this embodiment includes a support frame 3 on the opening side. Firstly, the support frame 3 provides stability; after its installation, the wave-damping chamber module forms a complete integral structure in the circumferential direction, significantly increasing its structural strength. Secondly, the support frame 3 is a truss structure and does not obstruct the opening, allowing waves to pass through it effectively into the wave-damping chamber module.

[0115] In this embodiment, the support frame 3 is fixed on the two floating units 21 on both sides of the opening in the floating structure (in actual application, the support frame 3 can also be installed between the two buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 on the opening side of the buoyancy adjustment module 1). Not all floating structures need to be equipped with the support frame 3. In this embodiment, the support frame 3 is arranged vertically at intervals and is installed at intervals of one layer of buoyancy structure.

[0116] The support frame 3 is fixedly connected to the float units 21 on both sides via the second bolt interface 213 on the circumferential side of the float unit 21. After the support frame 3 is installed, the float structure forms a complete ring structure, which greatly enhances its structural stability.

[0117] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the connection structure of the floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 in the axial direction, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 7 and 8. The floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are provided with prestressed pipes that run vertically through them. The floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are fixedly connected in the axial direction by prestressed steel strands passing through the prestressed pipes.

[0118] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is provided with a plurality of first prestressed tubes 118 arranged at intervals along the circumference; as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the float unit 21 is provided with a plurality of second prestressed tubes 216 arranged at intervals along the circumference. The first prestressed tubes 118 and the second prestressed tubes 216 are corresponding in the axial direction. The first prestressed tubes 118 and the second prestressed tubes 216 inside the float module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 spliced ​​together are aligned and connected in the axial direction.

[0119] After the assembly and connection of the floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are completed, prestressed steel strands are threaded into the aligned first prestressed pipe 118 and second prestressed pipe 216, and the prestressed steel strands are tensioned until the floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are tightly connected as one in the axial direction. The prestressed steel strands are then fixed at both ends of the prestressed pipe by bolts, thus completing the installation and arrangement of the prestressed steel strands.

[0120] Furthermore, this embodiment optimizes the fixing structure of the wave-dissipating structure. For floating wave-dissipating structures and truncated wave-dissipating structures, it is necessary to construct anchoring modules to fix the wave-dissipating chamber modules in the designed installation water area. The anchoring modules in this embodiment are divided into two types according to different working methods.

[0121] One type is an anchoring module for a floating wave-dissipating structure. The anchoring module includes multiple sets of anchor cables 5 and anchor blocks 4. The multiple sets of anchor cables 5 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the wave-dissipating chamber module. Each set includes at least two anchor cables 5. The upper ends of the anchor cables 5 in the same set are fixed vertically at intervals to the outside of the wave-dissipating chamber module, and the lower ends are connected to the anchor blocks 4.

[0122] The outer circumference of the wave-dissipating chamber module is provided with annular anchor points for easy connection and fixation to the anchor cable 5. In this embodiment, the anchor cable 5 adopts a double-layer cable structure, which is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the wave-dissipating chamber module respectively. This increases the stability of the wave-dissipating chamber module and prevents it from swaying. Each wave-dissipating chamber module in this embodiment corresponds to four sets of anchoring modules, which are placed around the perimeter of the wave-dissipating chamber module at equal intervals along the circumference, anchoring the wave-dissipating chamber module from four directions. This stably confines the wave-dissipating chamber module to the designed operating water position, enabling the wave-dissipating chamber module to maintain a stable wave-dissipating working state.

[0123] Another type is the anchoring module of the truncated wave-dissipating structure. This anchoring module includes multiple piles driven into the water area where the designed installation location is situated. These piles are spaced apart circumferentially and are fixedly connected to the wave-dissipating chamber module. Multiple guide ring structures can be installed on the outer or inner circumference of the wave-dissipating chamber module. These guide ring structures are connected to the piles, fixing the wave-dissipating chamber module at the designed draft depth. The pile structures restrict the movement of the wave-dissipating chamber module, ensuring its stable fixation at the designed installation water area and designed draft depth. Multiple wave-dissipating chamber modules can be arranged and combined to form the required truncated wave-dissipating structure.

[0124] In other embodiments of this application, the design method of the wave-dissipating structure is described. The wave-dissipating chamber module of this embodiment is a hollow columnar structure, which operates based on the Helmholtz resonance principle. In actual applications, different water areas have different wave characteristics, and different wave characteristics correspond to different wave-dissipating chamber modules. Therefore, in the initial design stage, it is necessary to design the wave-dissipating chamber module according to the wave characteristics of the designed operating water area. The specific design method is as follows:

[0125] A1. Obtain characteristic data of waves in the construction sea area;

[0126] Specifically, the process involves acquiring long-term wave data of the construction area, analyzing it to form a typical wave spectrum for the area, determining the range of medium- and long-period waves that have the greatest impact on the project construction and structural operation and maintenance based on the wave spectrum of the construction sea area, and obtaining the characteristic wavelength of the wave by combining the wave wavelength range and the typical wave spectrum.

[0127] A2. Constructing a functional relationship between the geometric parameters of the wave-dissipating chamber module and the characteristic data of waves based on the Helmholtz resonance theory;

[0128] Construct the functional relationship according to the following formula.

[0129] Where: f0 — Helmholtz resonance frequency;

[0130] λ — the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave;

[0131] P – Opening ratio, which is the percentage of the area of ​​the inlet holes on the wave-damping chamber module to the total side area of ​​the wave-damping chamber module;

[0132] L k —Geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0133] The geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module are transformed according to the following formula: L k =a + 0.3D = a + 0.6HR / (H + R)

[0134] Where: L k —Geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0135] a—Thickness of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0136] D – Hydraulic diameter of the wave damping chamber module;

[0137] H – Water depth in the construction area;

[0138] R – Radius of the wave-damping chamber module;

[0139] A3. Determine the structural dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module based on the functional relationship, according to the wave wavelength to be reduced as needed;

[0140] By substituting the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave to be reduced into the functional relationship, the correspondence between the opening ratio and the geometric parameters of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be obtained. Based on this correspondence, the relationship between the opening ratio and the thickness of the wave-dissipating chamber module, the water depth of the construction area, and the radius of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be determined. Through this relative relationship, a large number of solutions that satisfy the relative relationship can be obtained. By analyzing these solutions, the outer diameter, inner diameter, thickness, and inlet hole structure dimensions of the wave-dissipating chamber module can be obtained. Based on these structural dimensions, a wave-dissipating chamber module structure that meets the wave dissipation requirements of the designed operating water area can be designed. When applied to the designed operating water area, the wave-dissipating chamber module can achieve the required wave dissipation requirements and provide a good shielding effect for the construction area.

[0141] In a further embodiment of this application, the installation method of the above-mentioned wave-damping structure is optimized. The actual installation of the wave-damping structure in this embodiment can be carried out as follows: As shown in Figure 10, the required floating body module 2 and buoyancy adjustment module 1 are prefabricated in the factory and transported to the construction site; at the construction site, the first protrusion 111 on the circumferential side of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 is inserted into the first concave 112 on the axial side of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 to connect the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 into one unit; bolts are driven into the corresponding first bolt interfaces 113 of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 to fix the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers 11 into one unit, and this process is repeated sequentially. To form the required buoyancy adjustment module 1; based on the assembled buoyancy adjustment module 1, the fourth recess 215 at the bottom of the float unit 21 is snapped onto the second protrusion 114 of the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, so that the float unit 21 is axially aligned with the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11. The third protrusion 211 on the circumferential side of the float unit 21 is inserted into the third recess 212 on the circumferential side of the adjacent float unit 21. Bolts are driven into the second bolt interface 213 aligned with the adjacent float units 21, fixing the adjacent float units 21 together. This process is repeated until a ring-shaped float structure is formed. Based on this ring-shaped float structure, a second ring-shaped float structure is assembled. During the assembly process, the four protrusions 214 and the fourth recesses 215 at the axial ends of the axially adjacent float units 21 are used to connect the two layers of float structures into one unit, and this process is repeated until the required float module 2 is formed. During the assembly of float module 2, a suitable float structure is selected in float module 2 according to the design requirements to install the support frame 3. The bolt interfaces at both ends of the support frame 3 are aligned with the second bolt structures 213 on the float units 21 on both sides of the opening of the float structure. Bolts are driven into the aligned bolt structures and tightened to fix the support frame 3 to the two sets of float units 21 on the opening side. After the assembly of float module 2 is completed, the aligned first prestressed pipe is... Prestressed steel strands are threaded through the second prestressed pipe 216 and tensioned until the floating body module 2 and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 are tightly connected in the axial direction. The prestressed steel strands are fixed at both ends of the prestressed pipe by bolts. Pipe 12 is installed on the outside of the buoyancy adjustment module 1 and the floating body module 2. The lower end of pipe 12 is connected to the inlet pipe 116 and outlet pipe 117 on the buoyancy adjustment module 1. Pipe 12 is fixed to the outside of the buoyancy adjustment module 1 and the floating body module 2 by nailing the pipe clamp structure into the outside of the circumference of the buoyancy adjustment module 1 and the floating body module 2, thus completing the assembly of the wave-damping chamber module.

[0142] The assembled wave-damping chamber module is hoisted to the water surface. The buoyancy adjustment module 1 at the bottom of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted to change the center of gravity of the wave-damping chamber module and adjust its attitude so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface with the inlet hole facing down. Multiple wave-damping chamber modules are connected together in series in a tail-to-tail manner, and then the whole assembly is towed to the designed operating area.

[0143] Upon reaching the designed operating area, the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted according to the water depth and wave-dissipating mode of the designed installation area. If the designed wave-dissipating mode is a bottom-sitting wave-dissipating mode, that is, the water depth of the current designed installation area is relatively small, less than the vertical height of the wave-dissipating chamber module, the buoyancy adjustment module 1 at the bottom of the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted, water is injected into the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, and the buoyancy adjustment module 1 is adjusted to the maximum gravity. The wave-dissipating chamber module, being top-light and bottom-heavy, naturally flips from a horizontal position to a vertical position. Once the wave-dissipating chamber module sinks to the bottom and sits on the seabed or riverbed, the required bottom-sitting wave-dissipating structure is formed.

[0144] If the designed wave-dissipation mode is a floating wave-dissipation mode, that is, the water depth of the current designed installation area is relatively large, which is greater than the design draft of the wave-dissipation chamber module, adjust the buoyancy adjustment module 1 at the bottom of the wave-dissipation chamber module, fill water into the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, adjust the buoyancy adjustment module 1 to the maximum weight, and the wave-dissipation chamber module, which is top-light and bottom-heavy, will naturally flip from a horizontal state to a vertical state. After the wave-dissipation chamber module sinks to be completely submerged in the water, connect the anchor cable 5 on the anchor block 4 that has been installed on the bottom of the anchoring module to the ring anchor point on the side of the wave-dissipation chamber module, adjust the length of the anchor cable 5 (the anchor cable 5 is connected to a retractor, which can adjust the length) to the design length, adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipation chamber module, so that the wave-dissipation chamber module floats to the design draft, adjust the tension of the anchor cable 5 to keep the anchor cable 5 in a taut state, and continue to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipation chamber module to achieve the design requirements, thus forming the required floating wave-dissipation structure;

[0145] If the designed wave-dissipation mode is a truncated wave-dissipation mode, that is, the water depth of the current designed installation area is relatively large, which is greater than the design draft of the wave-dissipation chamber module, adjust the buoyancy adjustment module 1 at the bottom of the wave-dissipation chamber module, inject water into the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, adjust the buoyancy adjustment module 1 to the maximum weight, and the wave-dissipation chamber module, which is light at the top and heavy at the bottom, will naturally flip from a horizontal state to a vertical state. Drive piles into the guide ring structure on the circumferential side of the wave-dissipation chamber module, and drive them in sequence until the wave-dissipation chamber module is fixed in the designed installation area. Then, adjust the draft of the wave-dissipation chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module 1 so that the draft of the wave-dissipation chamber module is the design draft, and then fix the wave-dissipation chamber module on the pile foundation to form the required truncated wave-dissipation structure.

[0146] When the wave-damping structure is removed during turnover, for bottom-mounted wave-damping structures, the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is directly adjusted to make the wave-damping chamber module quickly float to the water surface. The center of gravity of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted by using the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing down. Multiple wave-damping chamber modules are connected together in a series connection method with the end connected, and then the whole assembly is towed to the next working area.

[0147] For floating wave-damping structures, the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted so that the wave-damping chamber module sinks to be completely submerged in the water, the anchor cable 5 is in a slack state, the connection between the anchor cable 5 and the wave-damping chamber module is released, and the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted to the maximum extent so that the wave-damping chamber module quickly rises to the water surface. The center of gravity of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted by using the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11 so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing down. Multiple wave-damping chamber modules are connected together in a series connection method with the head and tail connected, and then the whole structure is towed to the next working area.

[0148] For the truncated wave-damping structure, the vertical fixed connection between the pile foundation and the wave-damping chamber module is released, the pile foundation is pulled out, the buoyancy of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted to the maximum extent, so that the wave-damping chamber module quickly floats to the water surface. The center of gravity of the wave-damping chamber module is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment chamber 11, so that the wave-damping chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing down. Multiple wave-damping chamber modules are connected together in a series connection method with the head and tail connected, and then the whole assembly is towed to the next working area.

[0149] The wave-damping chamber modules can be used in a cyclical manner. Once all construction areas have been completed, they can be towed to the drainage point, hoisted and transported to the next construction site, or stored in a warehouse.

[0150] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wave-damping structure, characterized in that: Includes a wave-damping chamber module; the wave-damping chamber module includes, The buoyancy adjustment module (1) is used to adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module so that part of the wave-dissipating chamber module is below the water surface and part is above the water surface to form a floating, bottom-sitting or cut-off wave-dissipating structure. The floating body module (2) has an inflow hole on the back side to introduce waves into the wave-dissipating chamber module. The floating body module (2) is fixedly connected with the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to form a hollow columnar wave-dissipating chamber module.

2. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inflow hole extends from bottom to top through the wave-dissipating chamber module, making the wave-dissipating chamber module open on the back side.

3. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The wave-damping chamber module is a hollow columnar structure with an arc-shaped inner wall.

4. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-damping chamber module is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both the top and bottom.

5. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The buoyancy adjustment module (1) is located below all the buoyancy modules (2).

6. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The buoyancy adjustment module (1) includes multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers (11), which are sequentially spliced ​​together in the circumferential direction to form a columnar structure with an opening on the back wave side; the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) is a hollow block structure with an arc-shaped inner end face, and the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) is provided with an adjustment structure for adjusting buoyancy.

7. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) has a first protrusion (111) that protrudes circumferentially and a first recess (112) that is recessed axially on its circumferential side. Adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) are fixed together by the first protrusion (111) being engaged in the first recess (112).

8. The wave-damping structure as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) is provided with a first bolt interface (113) on its circumferential side. Adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) are fixed together by bolts passing through the first bolt interface (113) where adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) meet.

9. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The axial end of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) is provided with a second protrusion (114) that protrudes along the axial direction or a second recess (115) that is recessed along the axial direction. The buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) is fixed to the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) or the float module (2) by the second protrusion (114) or the second recess (115).

10. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment structure includes an inlet pipe (116) and an outlet pipe (117) installed on the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11); the inlet pipe (116) and the outlet pipe (117) are connected to the internal space of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) and are respectively placed at the lower end of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) near its circumferential sides. The inlet pipe (116) and the outlet pipe (117) are respectively connected to the external water injection and water pumping structures to adjust the gravity of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11).

11. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 10, characterized in that: The adjustment structure also includes a pipe (12); the lower end of the pipe (12) is connected to the inlet pipe (116) or the outlet pipe (117), and the upper end extends vertically to the top of the wave-damping chamber module. The pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the float module (2) and the buoyancy adjustment module (1) through the pipe clamp structure.

12. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 11, characterized in that: The pipe clamp is a clamp-type structure, with one end of the pipe clamp sleeved and fixed on the pipe (12), and the other end nailed into the float module (2) or the buoyancy adjustment module (1).

13. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The floating body module (2) and the buoyancy adjustment module (1) are provided with prestressed pipes that run vertically through them; the floating body module (2) and the buoyancy adjustment module (1) are fixed together in the axial direction by prestressed steel strands passing through the prestressed pipes.

14. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The floating module (2) includes multiple floating units (21). The multiple floating units (21) are sequentially spliced ​​together in the circumferential direction to form a columnar floating structure with an opening on the back wave side. The axially adjacent floating units (21) in the multi-layer floating structure are sequentially spliced ​​together to form a hollow columnar floating module (2).

15. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 14, characterized in that: The circumferential side of the float unit (21) is provided with a third protrusion (211) that protrudes circumferentially and a third recess (212) that is recessed axially. Adjacent float units (21) are fixed together by the third protrusion (211) and the third recess (212).

16. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 15, characterized in that: The circumferential side of the floating body unit (21) is provided with multiple sets of third protrusions (211) and third recesses (212) arranged radially at intervals, each set including multiple third protrusions (211) and third recesses (212) arranged alternately along the axial direction.

17. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 16, characterized in that: The circumferential side of the float unit (21) is provided with a second bolt interface (213), and adjacent float units (21) are fixed together by bolts passing through the second bolt interface (213) where adjacent float units (21) meet.

18. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 13, characterized in that: The floating body unit (21) has a fourth protrusion (214) that protrudes along the axial direction at one end of the axial direction and a fourth recess (215) that is recessed along the axial direction at the other end of the axial direction; adjacent floating body units (21) are fixed together by the fourth protrusion (214) and the fourth recess (215).

19. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-damping chamber module has multiple support frames (3) installed in its inlet hole; the support frame (3) is a truss structure with its two ends fixed to the floating body module (2) and / or the buoyancy adjustment module (1) on both sides respectively, and the multiple support frames (3) are distributed vertically at intervals.

20. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an anchoring module; the anchoring module is used to position the wave-dissipating chamber module floating on the water surface at the designed installation position to form a cut-off wave-dissipating structure or a floating wave-dissipating structure.

21. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 20, characterized in that: The anchoring module includes multiple sets of anchor cables (5) and anchor blocks (4). The multiple sets of anchor cables (5) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the wave-dissipating chamber module. Each set includes at least two anchor cables (5). The upper end of the anchor cable (5) in the same set is fixed to the outside of the wave-dissipating chamber module at vertical intervals, and the lower end is connected to the anchor block (4).

22. A wave-damping structure as described in claim 20, characterized in that: The anchoring module includes multiple piles driven into the water area where the designed installation location is located. The multiple piles are arranged at intervals along the circumference and are fixedly connected to the wave-damping chamber module.

23. A wave-damping structure design method, characterized in that: The design method is used to design any one of the wave-damping structures described in claims 1 to 20. include, Obtain characteristic data of waves in the construction area; A functional relationship between the geometric parameters of the wave-dissipating chamber module and the characteristic data of waves was constructed based on the Helmholtz resonance theory. Based on the required wave wavelength reduction, the structural dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module are determined according to the aforementioned functional relationship.

24. The wave-damping structure design method as described in claim 23, characterized in that: The method for obtaining characteristic data of waves in the construction sea area includes: obtaining long-term wave data of the construction area and analyzing it to form a typical wave spectrum of the area; determining the range of medium and long period wave wavelengths that have the greatest impact on engineering construction and structural operation and maintenance based on the wave spectrum of the construction sea area; and obtaining the characteristic wavelength of the wave by combining the wave wavelength range and the typical wave spectrum.

25. The wave-damping structure design method as described in claim 23, characterized in that: The method for constructing the functional relationship between the structural parameters of the wave-dissipating chamber module and the characteristic data of waves based on Helmholtz resonance theory includes: constructing the functional relationship according to the following formula. Where: f0 — Helmholtz resonance frequency; λ — the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave; P – Opening ratio, which is the percentage of the area of ​​the inlet holes on the wave-damping chamber module to the total side area of ​​the wave-damping chamber module; L k — Geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module.

26. The wave-damping structure design method as described in claim 25, characterized in that: The method for determining the structural dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module based on the aforementioned functional relationship includes: substituting the characteristic wavelength of the incident wave to be reduced into the functional relationship to obtain the correspondence between the aperture ratio and the geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module; and then converting the geometric parameters of the wave-damping chamber module according to the following formula: L k =a + 0.3D = a + 0.6HR / (H + R) Where: L k —Geometric parameters of the wave damping chamber module a—Thickness of the wave-damping chamber module; D – Hydraulic diameter of the wave damping chamber module; H – Water depth in the construction area; R – Radius of the wave-damping chamber module; The relative relationships between the opening ratio and the thickness of the wave-damping chamber module, the water depth of the construction area, and the radius of the wave-damping chamber module are established. Based on the aforementioned relative relationships, the outer diameter, inner diameter, thickness, and inlet hole structure dimensions of the wave-damping chamber module are designed.

27. The wave-damping structure design method as described in claim 23, characterized in that: The draft of the wave-damping chamber module is greater than half the water depth of the construction area.

28. A method for installing a wave-damping structure, characterized in that: The installation method is used to install any one of the wave-damping structures as described in claims 1 to 20, including, The required floating body modules (2) and buoyancy adjustment modules (1) are prefabricated in the factory and transported to the construction site; Assemble the buoyancy adjustment module (1) at the construction site to form the base of the wave-dissipating chamber module, assemble the floating body module (2) and fix the assembled floating body module (2) on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to form the required wave-dissipating chamber module; The assembled wave-damping chamber modules were towed to the designed operating area; The buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module (1) so that the wave-dissipating chamber module is in the set working mode; During the turnaround, adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module and tow it to the next working area, then install the wave-dissipating chamber module according to the above method.

29. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method of prefabricating the required floating body modules (2) and buoyancy adjustment modules (1) in the factory includes: prefabricating multiple floating body units (21) for assembling the floating body modules (2) and multiple buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) for assembling the buoyancy adjustment modules (1) in the factory.

30. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The method of assembling the buoyancy adjustment module (1) at the construction site includes: inserting the first protrusion (111) on the circumferential side of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) into the first recess (112) on the axial side of the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) to connect the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) into one unit; driving bolts into the first bolt interface (113) corresponding to the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) to fix the adjacent buoyancy adjustment chambers (11) into one unit; and performing this process in sequence until the required buoyancy adjustment module (1) is formed.

31. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 30, characterized in that: The method of assembling the floating body module (2) includes: inserting the third protrusion (211) on the circumferential side of the floating body unit (21) into the third concave (212) on the circumferential side of the adjacent floating body unit (21), driving bolts into the second bolt interface (213) aligned with the adjacent floating body unit (21) to fix the adjacent floating body units (21) into one piece, and so on until a layer of annular floating body structure is formed. Based on the annular floating body structure, a second layer of annular floating body structure is assembled. During the assembly process, the fourth protrusion (214) and the fourth concave (215) structure at the axial ends of the axially adjacent floating body units (21) are used to connect the two layers of floating body structure into one piece, and so on until the required floating body module (2) is formed.

32. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 31, characterized in that: The method of fixing the assembled floating body module (2) to the buoyancy adjustment module (1) includes: using the second protrusion (114) or the second concave (115) at the top of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) and the fourth concave (215) or the fourth protrusion (214) at the bottom of the buoyancy unit to fix the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11) and the buoyancy unit, so that the prestressed pipes in the buoyancy adjustment module (1) and the floating body module (2) are aligned in the axial direction, and steel strands are inserted into the aligned prestressed pipes and prestressed tension is performed, so that the buoyancy adjustment module (1) and the floating body module (2) are fixed together in the axial direction.

33. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 32, characterized in that: Pipes (12) are arranged on the outer circumference of the buoyancy adjustment module (1) and the float module (2). The pipes (12) are fixed to the outer side of the buoyancy adjustment module (1) and the float module (2) by using a pipe clamp structure that is nailed into the outer wall of the buoyancy adjustment module (1) and the float module (2). The lower end of the pipes (12) is connected to the water inlet pipe (116) or water outlet pipe (117) of the buoyancy adjustment chamber (11).

34. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method for towing the assembled wave-dissipating chamber module to the designed operating area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) so that the wave-dissipating chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet hole facing down; connecting multiple wave-dissipating chamber modules together in a series connection manner; and then towing the whole module to the designed operating area.

35. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) includes: after the wave-dissipating chamber module is towed to the designed operating water area, the buoyancy is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module (1) of the wave-dissipating chamber module so that the wave-dissipating chamber module floats vertically on the water surface, and the inlet hole of the wave-dissipating chamber module is located on the back wave side of the wave-dissipating chamber module.

36. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the wave-dissipating chamber module work in a set mode includes: when the designed installation area is a shallow water area, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the lower end of the wave-dissipating chamber module sink to the bottom to form a bottom-sitting wave-dissipating structure.

37. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to put the wave-dissipating chamber module into the set working mode includes: when the designed installation area is a deep water area, the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the wave-dissipating chamber module sink to be completely submerged in the water, the anchor cable (5) that has been installed on the anchor block (4) at the bottom of the water is connected to the ring anchor point on the side of the wave-dissipating chamber module, the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted to make the wave-dissipating chamber module float to the designed draft depth, the length and tension of the anchor cable (5) are adjusted to make the anchor cable (5) be in a tensioned state, and the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module is adjusted to make the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module reach the design requirements.

38. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 37, characterized in that: During turnover, adjust the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module to make it sink until it is completely submerged in the water, disconnect the anchor cable (5) from the wave-dissipating chamber module, and then adjust the wave-dissipating chamber module to make it float to the water surface.

39. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the wave-dissipating chamber module in a set working mode includes: when the designed installation area is a deep water area, adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the wave-dissipating chamber module at a preset height position, driving several pile foundations into the designed installation area, connecting the wave-dissipating chamber module to the pile foundations, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module based on the buoyancy adjustment module (1) to make the wave-dissipating chamber module reach the designed draft depth.

40. The wave-damping structure installation method as described in claim 28, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module and towing the wave-dissipating chamber module to the next working area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-dissipating chamber module so that the wave-dissipating chamber module floats on the water surface in a horizontal position with the inlet holes facing downwards; connecting multiple wave-dissipating chamber modules together in a series connection manner; and then towing the whole module to the next working area.

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