Dye-based polarizing film, polarizing plate, and display device provided therewith

Abstract

Provided are: a polarizing film in which a copper azo compound is contained in a hydrophilic polymer film, wherein the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or greater, and the average degree of polarization (Aveρ) at 700-750 nm is 90% or greater; and a polarizing plate.

Description

Dye-based polarizing film, polarizing plate, and display device equipped therewith 【0001】 The present invention relates to a dye-based polarizing film and polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization and high durability, and a display device equipped therewith. 【0002】 Polarizing plates, which have light transmission and shielding functions, are fundamental components of display devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), along with liquid crystals, which have light switching functions. The application fields of LCDs range from small devices such as calculators and watches in the early days to laptop computers, word processors, LCD projectors, LCD televisions, car navigation systems, and indoor and outdoor measuring instruments. They can also be applied to lenses with polarizing functions, and have been used in sunglasses with improved visibility and, more recently, in polarized glasses for 3D televisions. 【0003】 As a light source used in liquid crystal display devices, for example, the LED light source described in Patent Document 1 has a small amount of emission lines above 700 nm. There are also light sources that have emission lines above 700 nm, such as the one described in Patent Document 2. 【0004】 Furthermore, this problem is not limited to liquid crystal displays; for example, in displays used outdoors, sunlight shines on the display screen, and the reflected light reaches the user's eyes. 【0005】 Thus, in liquid crystal display devices and outdoor display devices, if there is no absorption band of the polarizing film or polarizing plate above 700 nm, light dependent on wavelengths that were not absorbed reaches the viewer, causing a problem of impaired display quality. 【0006】 Polarizing films and polarizing plates in organic electroluminescent (EL) display devices (hereinafter referred to as OLEDs) are used to provide an anti-reflective function against the phenomenon of external light being reflected off the metal electrodes and other components that constitute the OLED (internal reflection). However, even when optical laminates used for the purpose of suppressing internal reflection are used in this way, internal reflection of the OLED cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the reflected light may appear colored, which significantly deteriorates the display quality in bright indoor and outdoor environments. 【0007】 Patent document 6 describes an optical laminate using a near-infrared dye that absorbs wavelengths above 780 nm and does not have polarization properties, with the aim of suppressing the reddish tint of reflected light from an OLED. However, examining Figures 5 to 8 of patent document 6 reveals that the transmittance in the visible light region is also reduced. 【0008】 Patent Document 3 reports that using oil-soluble dichroic dyes such as cyanine, anthraquinone, and squarylium in a guest-host type light-absorbing anisotropic layer or barrier layer using liquid crystals is effective in preventing reflection in OLEDs. However, although the anti-reflection effect is recognized, there is no description of the transmittance or polarization degree in the visible region, and the display device used may suffer from reduced brightness and other display quality issues. 【0009】 Patent documents 4 and 5 describe that the light-emitting element itself in OLEDs deteriorates due to ultraviolet light and moisture intrusion. Therefore, adapting a light-absorbing anisotropic layer using liquid crystal compounds and oil-soluble dichroic dyes to OLEDs requires further development of UV absorbers and barrier layers to prevent moisture intrusion, as well as increased complexity of the manufacturing process, thus necessitating improvements. On the other hand, conventionally used polarizing films and polarizing plates based on polyvinyl alcohol have multiple established production methods, allowing for the selection of protective layers with low UV absorption function and water vapor transmittance depending on the materials used. Therefore, regardless of the type of display device or light source or the environment in which they are used, there is a need for the development of polarizing films and polarizing plates based on polyvinyl alcohol that have excellent polarizing performance in order to improve light leakage, loss of display quality, and color tinting of reflected light in display devices. 【0010】 Generally, iodine-based polarizing films, which use iodine, consist of iodine complex ions and have a wide absorption band across the entire visible region, as well as excellent polarization performance. However, they are susceptible to water and heat, and their durability is problematic when used for extended periods in high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. This is because ５－Although polyiodide ions have absorption up to the long wavelength side, they are sensitive to external energy such as heat, and the absorption band disappears as the complex itself decomposes, resulting in a loss of display quality, especially in the long wavelength region. 【0011】 On the other hand, dye-based polarizing films and polarizers made using multiple water-soluble dichroic dyes have been developed, and dye-based polarizers with various characteristics have been developed, as shown in, for example, Patent Documents 7 to 11. However, in the applications for polarizers for display devices reported so far, there has been either a description of the wavelength range for optical measurement from 400 nm to 700 nm, or the wavelength range for optical measurement itself has not been described, and therefore the optical properties beyond 700 nm have not been discussed. In fact, the dye-based polarizers described in Patent Documents 1 and 7 have poor polarization performance beyond 700 nm, so when the absorption axes of the two polarizers are placed perpendicular to each other, a phenomenon occurs where the light from the backlight appears to leak through (hereinafter referred to as light leakage). 【0012】 On the other hand, while there are patent applications for dye-based polarizers, such as Patent Documents 12 and 13, which describe the wavelength range for optical measurement as "380 nm to 780 nm," there is no mention of performance beyond 700 nm. 【0013】 On the other hand, if the sole purpose is to suppress long-wavelength light leakage, for example, water-soluble dichroic dyes that absorb up to the near-infrared (dyes for near-infrared polarizers) have recently been developed, and as disclosed in Patent Documents 14 to 21, by using these dyes for near-infrared polarizers, it is possible to manufacture polarizing films and polarizers that can provide polarization performance "widely from the near-infrared region to the visible light region". However, compared to dyes for visible light polarizers, the polarization performance around their maximum absorption wavelength is significantly worse, and furthermore, they have sub-absorption bands with low polarization characteristics in the entire visible region, so the performance as a polarizer is greatly impaired. 【0014】As dichroic dyes that can provide absorption and polarization performance in the long-wavelength region such as blue and green while ensuring performance in the visible light region, water-soluble copper azo dyes, particularly copper disazo dyes and copper trisazo dyes, have been considered and have been actively developed. In recent years, copper tetrakisazo dyes disclosed in Patent Documents 22 and 23 have been developed to further extend the wavelength and improve the performance of copper azo dyes. However, in the development so far, there has been no detailed discussion regarding the polarization performance beyond 700 nm, and even with regard to the copper tetrakisazo dyes described in Examples 1 and 2 of Patent Document 23, when polarizing films were made based on the examples and their optical properties were measured, the polarization degree at λmax around a single-layer transmittance of 44% and the polarization degree beyond 700 nm remained at low values. 【0015】 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-042111, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-062777, Japanese Patent No. 7377833, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-095787, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-015754, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-204083, International Publication No. 2016 / 186183, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-002043, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-090903, International Publication No. 2020 / 050333, International Publication No. 2019 / 117131, International Publication No. 2022 / 071201 International Publication No. 2022 / 071204, International Publication No. 2018 / 135617, International Publication No. 2018 / 135618, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-040123, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-052132, International Publication No. 2019 / 117123, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-023090, International Publication No. 2020 / 137691, International Publication No. 2020 / 137705, International Publication No. 2017 / 135391, International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 【0016】The object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing film and polarizing plate, and a display device equipped therewith (hereinafter also referred to as "polarizing film, etc.") that do not impair display quality due to light leakage of red light, particularly in the long wavelength range of the visible light wavelength region (380 nm to 780 nm), especially in the range of 700 nm to 750 nm. Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned polarizing film, etc., which further does not impair display quality due to the reddish tint of reflected light. Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned polarizing film, etc., which further provides a polarizing film, etc., which has excellent polarization performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned polarizing film, etc., which further provides a polarizing film, etc., which has excellent durability. 【0017】 As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a polarizing film containing a hydrophilic polymer film, in which a copperized azo compound is contained in the hydrophilic polymer film that brings to the polarizing film polarization performance such that the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or more and the average degree of polarization (Aveρ) from 700 nm to 750 nm is 90% or more, does not leak red light from 700 nm onwards in the visible light wavelength range (380 nm to 780 nm), particularly from 700 nm to 750 nm, and have completed the present invention. In one embodiment, the polarizing film of the present invention exhibits high polarization performance—particularly the degree of polarization—and / or high durability such as heat resistance, humid heat resistance, and light resistance. 【0018】The present invention relates to, but is not limited to, the following [1] to [6]. [1] A polarizing film containing a hydrophilic polymer film and a copper azo compound or a salt thereof, wherein the hydrophilic polymer film contains a copper azo compound or a salt thereof, and the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or more, and the average degree of polarization (Aveρ) at 700 to 750 nm is 90% or more. [2] The polarizing film according to [1], wherein the parallel transmittance (Tp) at 750 nm is 35% or more, and the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) is 15% or less. [3] The polarizing film according to [1], wherein the luminous efficiency-corrected single-element transmittance (Ys) at 380 nm to 780 nm is 40% or more, and furthermore the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) at 750 nm is 1.0% or less, and the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 90% or more. [4] The polarizing film according to [1], wherein the maximum absorption wavelength of the copper azo compound or a salt thereof is 642 nm or greater. [5] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized in that the copper azo compound or a salt thereof is represented by the following formula (0). [Chemical Formula 0] (In formula (0), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, X １ Q represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group. １ ~Q ２ and R １ ~R ５ Each of these independently represents an arbitrary substituent, where s represents 0 or 1, t represents 0 or 1, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. [6] In formula (0), when both s and t are 0, or when only one of s or t is 0, R ５ The polarizing film according to [5], wherein is a methoxy group. [7] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: [Chemical Formula 1] (In formula (1), X １represents an amino group which may have a substituent, a phenylamino group which may have a substituent, a naphthylamino group which may have a substituent, a benzoylamino group which may have a substituent, or a naphthotriazole group which may have a substituent, and Q １ to Q ２ and R １ to R ４ each independently represents an arbitrary substituent, s represents 0 or 1, t represents 0 or 1, and m represents an integer of 0 to 3). [8] The polarizing film according to [5], wherein in the compound represented by the formula (1) or a salt thereof, at least one of s or t is 1. [9] In the formula (1), R １ to R ４ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ alkoxy group, a C １ -C ４ alkoxy group having a sulfo group, the polarizing film according to [5].

[10] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized by containing a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (J1) or a salt thereof: [Chemical formula J1] (In the formula (J1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxy group, and Q １ , Q ２ , and R １ to R ５ each independently represents an arbitrary substituent, and m represents an integer of 0 to 3).

[11] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized by containing a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (H1) or a salt thereof: [Chemical formula H1] [[ID= 36]] (In the formula (H1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxy group, and Q １ , Q ２ , and R １ to R ５ each independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer of 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2).

[12] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized by containing a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (S1) or a salt thereof: [Chemical formula S1] (In formula (S1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2.)

[13] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (R1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: [Chemical formula R1] (In formula (R1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , Z, and R １ ~R ５ (where each represents an arbitrary substituent independently, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and p represents 0 or 1).

[14] The polarizing film according to [1], characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer film is a film made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.

[15] A polarizing plate comprising the polarizing film according to any one of [1] to

[14] , wherein a transparent protective layer is provided on one or both sides of the polarizing film.

[16] The polarizing plate according to

[15] , further comprising a phase difference film.

[17] A display device comprising the polarizing plate according to

[15] .

[18] A display device comprising the polarizing plate according to

[16] . 【0019】 The present invention provides a polarizing film containing a copper azo compound or a salt thereof as a water-soluble dichroic dye in a hydrophilic polymer film, wherein the polarizing film has a polarization degree (ρ) of 70% or more at 750 nm and an average polarization degree (Aveρ) of 90% or more at 700 to 750 nm, thereby providing a polarizing film that does not leak light on the long wavelength side of the visible light region. A preferred embodiment of the polarizing film has a single-unit transmittance (Ys) of 40% or more after luminous efficiency correction at 380 nm to 780 nm, a transverse transmittance of 1% or less at 750 nm, and a polarization degree of 90% or more at 750 nm, thereby providing a polarizing film that does not color the reflected light or leak light. 【0020】The emission spectra of bullet-shaped light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 700 nm and 730 nm, respectively, used for evaluating the light-shielding properties in the examples, with the vertical axis normalized by the emission intensity at the maximum emission wavelength. 【0021】 In this specification and in the claims, unless it is clearly referring to a free form, “copperized azo compound or a salt thereof” may also be simply referred to as “copperized azo compound.” In this specification and in the claims, since “substituents” may include hydrogen atoms, hydrogen atoms may also be described as “substituents” for convenience. “May have substituents” means that it also includes cases without substituents. For example, “a phenyl group that may have substituents” includes an unsubstituted, simple phenyl group and a phenyl group with substituents. 【0022】 Furthermore, in this specification and the claims, the term "polarizing plate" includes linear polarizing plates, circular polarizing plates, and elliptical polarizing plates. 【0023】 The polarizing film of the present invention contains a hydrophilic polymer film and a copper azo compound or a salt thereof, wherein the hydrophilic polymer film contains a copper azo compound or a salt thereof, and the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or more, and the average degree of polarization (Aveρ) at 700 to 750 nm is 90% or more. 【0024】 Examples of copper-based azo compounds contained in the polarizing film of the present invention include copper-based disazo compounds, copper-based trisazo compounds, and copper-based tetrakisazo compounds, with copper-based trisazo compounds or copper-based tetrakisazo compounds being preferred. 【0025】 Furthermore, the copper azo compound contained is preferably one with a maximum absorption wavelength of 642 nm or higher, more preferably one with a maximum absorption wavelength of 660 nm or higher, and even more preferably one with a maximum absorption wavelength of 680 nm or higher. In the present invention, the upper limit of the maximum absorption wavelength is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 780 nm or less, 770 nm or less, 760 nm or less, or 750 nm or less. 【0026】 The copper azo compound contained in the polarizing film and polarizing plate of the present invention is preferably an azo compound represented by the following formula (0) or a salt thereof. (In formula (0), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, X １ Q represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group. １ ~Q ２ and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent: s represents 0 or 1, t represents 0 or 1, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. 【0027】 In formula (0) and the other formulas, the ring structures drawn with solid and dashed lines represent a phenyl (phenylene) group or a naphthyl (naphthylene) group. 【0028】 X １ Q represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted amino group, or an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group. １ and Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of these independently represents an arbitrary substituent. The substituents that may be present as described above, and Q １ and Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５Any substituent represented by is, for example, a diazenyl group, a heterocyclic amino group, a fused heterocyclic amino group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxy group having a sulfo group, an aryloxy group, an alkylcarbonylamino group, an arylcarbonylamino group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an arylcarbonyloxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an arylcarbamoyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonylamino group, an arylsulfonylamino group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an alkylureido group, an arylureido group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an aryloxycarbonylamino group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, a hydroxyl group (-OH), a cyano group (-CN), a nitro group (-NO) ２ ), mercapto group (-SH), halogen atom, carboxyl group (-CO ２ H), sulfo group (-SO ３ H), amino group (-NH ２ Examples include alkenyl groups, styryl groups, and hydrogen atoms. 【0029】The above-mentioned heterocyclic amino groups include heterocyclic amino groups of five or six members containing one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms. Specific examples of such heterocyclic amino groups include, for example, five-membered heteroalicyclic amino groups such as pyrrolidinylamino, tetrahydrofurylamino, tetrahydrothiophen-2-ylamino, and tetrahydrothiophen-3-ylamino; six-membered heteroalicyclic amino groups such as piperidinylamino, piperazinylamino, dioxan-2-ylamino, morpholinylamino, and thiomorpholinylamino; five-membered aromatic heterocyclic amino groups such as pyrroleamino, pyrazoleamino, imidazoleamino, triazoleamino, furylamino, thiophen-2-ylamino, thiophen-3-ylamino, oxazoleamino, and thiazoleamino; or six-membered aromatic heterocyclic amino groups such as pyridylamino, pyrazylamino, pyridadinylamino, and triazinylamino. The heterocyclic group preferably has an aromatic ring as its heterocyclic portion. Furthermore, the heteroatoms constituting the heterocyclic ring are preferably selected from nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms. 【0030】Examples of the fused heterocyclic amino group mentioned above include a fused heterocyclic amino group of five or six members, in which one benzene ring is fused to a five or six-membered heterocyclic group containing one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms. Specific examples of such fused heterocyclic amino groups include, for example, fused heterocyclic amino groups in which the heterocyclic portion is a five-membered alicyclic ring, such as phthalanylamino; fused heterocyclic amino groups in which the heterocyclic portion is a six-membered alicyclic ring, such as benzopyranylamino; fused aromatic heterocyclic amino groups in which the heterocyclic portion is an aromatic five-membered ring, such as benzopyrroleamino, benzopyrazoleamino, benzimidazoleamino, benzotriazoleamino, benzofuranylamino, benzothiophen-2-ylamino, benzothiophen-3-ylamino, benzoxazoleamino, and benzothiazoleamino; or fused aromatic heterocyclic amino groups in which the heterocyclic portion is an aromatic six-membered ring, such as quinolinylamino, synnolinylamino, phthalazinylamino, quinazolinylamino, and quinoxalinylamino. It is preferable that the heterocyclic portion of the heterocyclic group is an aromatic ring. Furthermore, it is preferable that the heteroatoms constituting the heterocycle be selected from nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms. 【0031】 The alkyl group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, preferably C １ -C １０ Alkyl groups are examples. C １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkyl groups include linear C molecules such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl. １ -C １０ Alkyl groups; branched C such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, isoamyl, t-amyl, isohexyl, t-hexyl, isoheptyl, t-heptyl, isooctyl, t-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isononyl, and isodecyl. ３ -C １０ Alkyl groups; or cyclic C such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc. ３ -C７ Examples include alkyl groups. Among these, linear or branched alkyl groups are preferred, and linear C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl groups are more preferred. 【0032】 The above alkoxy group may be a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group, preferably C １ -C １０ An example is an alkoxy group. １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkoxy groups include linear carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexyloxy, n-heptoxy, n-octyloxy, n-nonyloxy, and n-decyloxy. １ -C １０ Alkoxy groups; branched C groups such as isopropoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, t-butoxy, isoamyloxy, t-amyloxy, isohexyloxy, t-hexyloxy, isoheptoxy, t-heptoxy, isooctyloxy, t-octyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, isononyloxy, and isodecyloxy. ３ -C １０ Alkoxy group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptoxy, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkoxy groups. Among these, linear or branched alkoxy groups are preferred, and linear C １ -C ４ An alkoxy group is more preferable. 【0033】 The above alkoxy group having a sulfo group is C １ -C ４ A linear alkoxy group is preferred, and the alkoxy group terminus is preferred as the substitution position for the sulfo group. More preferably are a 3-sulfopropoxy group and a 4-sulfobutoxy group, and particularly preferably a 3-sulfopropoxy group. 【0034】 The above aryloxy group is preferably C ６ -C １２It is an aryloxy group, and specific examples include, for example, phenoxy, naphthyloxy, biphenyloxy, etc. 【0035】 The above alkylcarbonylamino group includes a linear, branched or cyclic alkylcarbonylamino group, preferably a C １ - C １０ alkylcarbonylamino group. C １ - C １０ Specific examples of the alkylcarbonylamino group include, for example, methylcarbonylamino (acetylamino), ethylcarbonylamino, n-propylcarbonylamino, n-butylcarbonylamino, n-pentylcarbonylamino, n-hexylcarbonylamino, n-heptylcarbonylamino, n-octylcarbonylamino, n-nonylcarbonylamino, n-decylcarbonylamino and other linear C １ - C １０ alkylcarbonylamino groups; isopropylcarbonylamino, isobutylcarbonylamino, sec-butylcarbonylamino, t-butylcarbonylamino, isoamylcarbonylamino, t-amylcarbonylamino, isohexylcarbonylamino, t-hexylcarbonylamino, isoheptylcarbonylamino, t-heptylcarbonylamino, isooctylcarbonylamino, t-octylcarbonylamino, 2-ethylhexylcarbonylamino, isononylcarbonylamino, isodecylcarbonylamino and other branched C ３ - C １０ alkylcarbonylamino groups; or cyclic C such as cyclopropylcarbonylamino, cyclobutylcarbonylamino, cyclopentylcarbonylamino, cyclohexylcarbonylamino, cycloheptylcarbonylamino, etc. ３ - C ７ alkylcarbonylamino groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylcarbonylamino groups are preferred, and linear alkylcarbonylamino groups are more preferred. 【0036】 The above arylcarbonylamino group is preferably a C ６ - C １２It is an arylcarbonylamino group, and specific examples thereof include, for example, phenylcarbonylamino (benzoylamino), naphthylcarbonylamino, biphenylcarbonylamino and the like. 【0037】 The above alkylcarbonyloxy group includes a linear, branched or cyclic alkylcarbonyloxy group, preferably a C １ -C １０ alkylcarbonyloxy group. Specific examples of the C １ -C １０ alkylcarbonyloxy group include, for example, linear C such as methylcarbonyloxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, n-propylcarbonyloxy, n-butylcarbonyloxy, n-pentylcarbonyloxy, n-hexylcarbonyloxy, n-heptylcarbonyloxy, n-octylcarbonyloxy, n-nonylcarbonyloxy, n-decylcarbonyloxy １ -C １０ alkylcarbonyloxy group; branched C such as isopropylcarbonyloxy, isobutylcarbonyloxy, sec-butylcarbonyloxy, t-butylcarbonyloxy, isoamylcarbonyloxy, t-amylcarbonyloxy, isohexylcarbonyloxy, t-hexylcarbonyloxy, isoheptylcarbonyloxy, t-heptylcarbonyloxy, isooctylcarbonyloxy, t-octylcarbonyloxy, 2-ethylhexylcarbonyloxy, isononylcarbonyloxy, isodecylcarbonyloxy, etc. ３ -C １０ alkylcarbonyloxy group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropylcarbonyloxy, cyclobutylcarbonyloxy, cyclopentylcarbonyloxy, cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, cycloheptylcarbonyloxy, etc. ３ -C ７ alkylcarbonyloxy group. Among these, linear or branched alkylcarbonyloxy groups are preferred, and linear alkylcarbonyloxy groups are more preferred. 【0038】 The above arylcarbonyloxy group is preferably a C ６-C １２ These are arylcarbonyloxy groups, and specific examples include phenylcarbonyloxy, naphthylcarbonyloxy, and biphenylcarbonyloxy. 【0039】 The alkylcarbonyl group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylcarbonyl group, preferably C １ -C １０ Examples include alkylcarbonyl groups. １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkylcarbonyl groups include linear carbonyl groups such as methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, n-butylcarbonyl, n-pentylcarbonyl, n-hexylcarbonyl, n-heptylcarbonyl, n-octylcarbonyl, n-nonylcarbonyl, and n-decylcarbonyl. １ -C １０ Alkyl carbonyl groups; branched C groups such as isopropyl carbonyl, isobutyl carbonyl, sec-butyl carbonyl, t-butyl carbonyl, isoamyl carbonyl, t-amyl carbonyl, isohexyl carbonyl, t-hexyl carbonyl, isoheptyl carbonyl, t-heptyl carbonyl, isooctyl carbonyl, t-octyl carbonyl, 2-ethylhexyl carbonyl, isononyl carbonyl, and isodecyl carbonyl. ３ -C １０ Alkyl carbonyl group; or cyclic carbon such as cyclopropyl carbonyl, cyclobutyl carbonyl, cyclopentyl carbonyl, cyclohexyl carbonyl, cycloheptyl carbonyl, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylcarbonyl groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylcarbonyl groups are preferred, and linear alkylcarbonyl groups are more preferred. 【0040】 The above arylcarbonyl group is preferably C ６ -C １２ These are arylcarbonyl groups, and specific examples include phenylcarbonyl (benzoyl), naphthylcarbonyl, and biphenylcarbonyl. 【0041】Examples of the alkylcarbamoyl groups mentioned above include linear, branched, or cyclic monoalkylcarbamoyl groups or dialkylcarbamoyl groups. 【0042】 The monoalkylcarbamoyl group is preferably monoC １ -C １０ These are alkylcarbamoyl groups, and specific examples include linear mono-C groups such as methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, n-propylcarbamoyl, n-butylcarbamoyl, n-pentylcarbamoyl, n-hexylcarbamoyl, n-heptylcarbamoyl, n-octylcarbamoyl, n-nonylcarbamoyl, and n-decylcarbamoyl. １ -C １０ Alkylcarbamoyl groups; branched mono-C groups such as isopropylcarbamoyl, isobutylcarbamoyl, sec-butylcarbamoyl, t-butylcarbamoyl, isoamylcarbamoyl, t-amylcarbamoyl, isohexylcarbamoyl, t-hexylcarbamoyl, isoheptylcarbamoyl, t-heptylcarbamoyl, isooctylcarbamoyl, t-octylcarbamoyl, 2-ethylhexylcarbamoyl, isononylcarbamoyl, and isodecylcarbamoyl. ３ -C １０ Alkylcarbamoyl group; or cyclic mono-C such as cyclopropylcarbamoyl, cyclobutylcarbamoyl, cyclopentylcarbamoyl, cyclohexylcarbamoyl, cycloheptylcarbamoyl, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylcarbamoyl groups. Among these, linear or branched monoalkylcarbamoyl groups are preferred, and linear monoalkylcarbamoyl groups are more preferred. 【0043】 The dialkylcarbamoyl group is preferably diC １ -C １０These are alkylcarbamoyl groups, and specific examples include linear diC such as dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, di-n-propylcarbamoyl, di-n-butylcarbamoyl, di-n-pentylcarbamoyl, di-n-hexylcarbamoyl, di-n-heptylcarbamoyl, di-n-octylcarbamoyl, di-n-nonylcarbamoyl, and di-n-decylcarbamoyl. １ -C １０ Alkylcarbamoyl group; branched-chain diC2, such as diisopropylcarbamoyl, diisobutylcarbamoyl, di-sec-butylcarbamoyl, di-t-butylcarbamoyl, diisoamylcarbamoyl, di-t-amylcarbamoyl, diisohexylcarbamoyl, di-t-hexylcarbamoyl, diisoheptylcarbamoyl, di-t-heptylcarbamoyl, diisooctylcarbamoyl, di-t-octylcarbamoyl, di-(2-ethylhexyl)carbamoyl, diisononylcarbamoyl, diisodecylcarbamoyl, etc. ３ -C １０ Alkylcarbamoyl group; or a cyclic diC having two rings, such as dicyclopropylcarbamoyl, dicyclobutylcarbamoyl, dicyclopentylcarbamoyl, dicyclohexylcarbamoyl, or dicycloheptylcarbamoyl. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylcarbamoyl groups. Among these, linear or branched dialkylcarbamoyl groups are preferred, and linear dialkylcarbamoyl groups are more preferred. 【0044】 Examples of the arylcarbamoyl group mentioned above include a monoarylcarbamoyl group or a diarylcarbamoyl group. 【0045】 The monoarylcarbamoyl group is preferably mono-C ６ -C １２ These are arylcarbamoyl groups, and specific examples include phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl, and biphenylcarbamoyl. 【0046】 Preferably, the diarylcarbamoyl group is diC ６ -C １２These are arylcarbamoyl groups, and specific examples include diphenylcarbamoyl, dinaphthylcarbamoyl, and di(biphenyl)carbamoyl. 【0047】 The alkoxycarbonyl group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxycarbonyl group, preferably C １ -C １０ An example is the alkoxycarbonyl group. １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkoxycarbonyl groups include, for example, linear carbon atoms such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxycarbonyl, n-hexyloxycarbonyl, n-heptoxycarbonyl, n-octyloxycarbonyl, n-nonyloxycarbonyl, and n-decyloxycarbonyl. １ -C １０ Alkoxycarbonyl groups; branched C groups such as isopropoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, isoamyloxycarbonyl, t-amyloxycarbonyl, isohexyloxycarbonyl, t-hexyloxycarbonyl, isoheptoxycarbonyl, t-heptoxycarbonyl, isooctyloxycarbonyl, t-octyloxycarbonyl, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl, isononyloxycarbonyl, and isodecyloxycarbonyl. ３ -C １０ Alkoxycarbonyl group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropoxycarbonyl, cyclobutoxycarbonyl, cyclopentoxycarbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, and cycloheptoxycarbonyl. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkoxycarbonyl groups. Among these, linear or branched alkoxycarbonyl groups are preferred, and linear alkoxycarbonyl groups are more preferred. 【0048】 The above aryloxycarbonyl group is preferably C ６ -C １２These are aryloxycarbonyl groups, and specific examples include phenoxycarbonyl, naphthyloxycarbonyl, and biphenyloxycarbonyl. 【0049】 The alkylsulfonylamino group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylsulfonylamino group, preferably C １ -C １０ Examples include alkylsulfonylamino groups. １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkylsulfonylamino groups include linear C groups such as methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, n-propylsulfonylamino, n-butylsulfonylamino, n-pentylsulfonylamino, n-hexylsulfonylamino, n-heptylsulfonylamino, n-octylsulfonylamino, n-nonylsulfonylamino, and n-decylsulfonylamino. １ -C １０ Alkylsulfonylamino groups; branched C groups such as isopropylsulfonylamino, isobutylsulfonylamino, sec-butylsulfonylamino, t-butylsulfonylamino, isoamylsulfonylamino, t-amylsulfonylamino, isohexylsulfonylamino, t-hexylsulfonylamino, isoheptylsulfonylamino, t-heptylsulfonylamino, isooctylsulfonylamino, t-octylsulfonylamino, 2-ethylhexylsulfonylamino, isononylsulfonylamino, and isodecylsulfonylamino. ３ -C １０ Alkyl sulfonylamino group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropyl sulfonylamino, cyclobutyl sulfonylamino, cyclopentyl sulfonylamino, cyclohexyl sulfonylamino, cycloheptyl sulfonylamino, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylsulfonylamino groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylsulfonylamino groups are preferred, and linear alkylsulfonylamino groups are more preferred. 【0050】 The above arylsulfonylamino group is preferably C ６ -C １２These are arylsulfonylamino groups, and specific examples include phenylsulfonylamino, toluenesulfonylamino, naphthylsulfonylamino, and biphenylsulfonylamino. 【0051】 Examples of the alkylsulfamoyl groups mentioned above include linear, branched, or cyclic monoalkylsulfamoyl groups or dialkylsulfamoyl groups. 【0052】 The monoalkylsulfamoyl group is preferably monoC １ -C １０ These are alkylsulfamoyl groups, and specific examples include linear mono-C groups such as methylsulfamoyl, ethylsulfamoyl, n-propylsulfamoyl, n-butylsulfamoyl, n-pentylsulfamoyl, n-hexylsulfamoyl, n-heptylsulfamoyl, n-octylsulfamoyl, n-nonylsulfamoyl, and n-decylsulfamoyl. １ -C １０ Alkyl sulfamoyl groups; branched mono-C groups such as isopropyl sulfamoyl, isobutyl sulfamoyl, sec-butyl sulfamoyl, t-butyl sulfamoyl, isoamyl sulfamoyl, t-amyl sulfamoyl, isohexyl sulfamoyl, t-hexyl sulfamoyl, isoheptyl sulfamoyl, t-heptyl sulfamoyl, isooctyl sulfamoyl, t-octyl sulfamoyl, 2-ethylhexyl sulfamoyl, isononyl sulfamoyl, and isodecyl sulfamoyl. ３ -C １０ Alkyl sulfamoyl group; or cyclic mono-C such as cyclopropyl sulfamoyl, cyclobutyl sulfamoyl, cyclopentyl sulfamoyl, cyclohexyl sulfamoyl, cycloheptyl sulfamoyl, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylsulfamoyl groups. Among these, linear or branched monoalkylsulfamoyl groups are preferred, and linear monoalkylsulfamoyl groups are more preferred. 【0053】 The dialkylsulfamoyl group is preferably diC １ -C１０ These are alkylsulfamoyl groups, and specific examples include linear diC groups such as dimethylsulfamoyl, diethylsulfamoyl, di-n-propylsulfamoyl, di-n-butylsulfamoyl, di-n-pentylsulfamoyl, di-n-hexylsulfamoyl, di-n-heptylsulfamoyl, di-n-octylsulfamoyl, di-n-nonylsulfamoyl, and di-n-decylsulfamoyl. １ -C １０ Alkyl sulfamoyl group; branched C2C2 having two branched chains, such as diisopropyl sulfamoyl, diisobutyl sulfamoyl, di-sec-butyl sulfamoyl, di-t-butyl sulfamoyl, diisoamyl sulfamoyl, di-t-amyl sulfamoyl, diisohexyl sulfamoyl, di-t-hexyl sulfamoyl, diisoheptyl sulfamoyl, di-t-heptyl sulfamoyl, diisooctyl sulfamoyl, di-t-octyl sulfamoyl, di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfamoyl, diisononyl sulfamoyl, diisodecyl sulfamoyl, etc. ３ -C １０ Alkyl sulfamoyl group; or a cyclic diC having two rings, such as dicyclopropyl sulfamoyl, dicyclobutyl sulfamoyl, dicyclopentyl sulfamoyl, dicyclohexyl sulfamoyl, or dicycloheptyl sulfamoyl. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylsulfamoyl groups. Among these, linear or branched dialkylsulfamoyl groups are preferred, and linear dialkylsulfamoyl groups are more preferred. 【0054】 Examples of the arylsulfamoyl group mentioned above include a monoarylsulfamoyl group or a diarylsulfamoyl group. 【0055】 The monoarylsulfamoyl group is preferably monoC ６ -C １２ These are arylsulfamoyl groups, and specific examples include phenylsulfamoyl, naphthylsulfamoyl, and biphenylsulfamoyl. 【0056】The diarylsulfamoyl group is preferably diC ６ -C １２ These are arylsulfamoyl groups, and specific examples include diphenylsulfamoyl, dinaphthylsulfamoyl, and di(biphenyl)sulfamoyl. 【0057】 The alkylsulfonyl group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylsulfonyl group, preferably C １ -C １２ Examples include alkylsulfonyl groups. １ -C １２ Specific examples of alkylsulfonyl groups include linear C groups such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl, n-hexylsulfonyl, n-heptylsulfonyl, n-octylsulfonyl, n-nonylsulfonyl, n-decylsulfonyl, n-undecylsulfonyl, and n-dodecylsulfonyl. １ -C １２ Alkyl sulfonyl groups; branched C groups such as isopropyl sulfonyl, isobutyl sulfonyl, sec-butyl sulfonyl, t-butyl sulfonyl, isoamyl sulfonyl, t-amyl sulfonyl, isohexyl sulfonyl, t-hexyl sulfonyl, isoheptyl sulfonyl, t-heptyl sulfonyl, isooctyl sulfonyl, t-octyl sulfonyl, 2-ethylhexyl sulfonyl, isononyl sulfonyl, isodecyl sulfonyl, isoundecyl sulfonyl, t-undecyl sulfonyl, isododecyl sulfonyl, t-dodecyl sulfonyl, etc. ３ -C １２ Alkyl sulfonyl group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropyl sulfonyl, cyclobutyl sulfonyl, cyclopentyl sulfonyl, cyclohexyl sulfonyl, cycloheptyl sulfonyl, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylsulfonyl groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylsulfonyl groups are preferred, and linear alkylsulfonyl groups are more preferred. 【0058】 The above aryl sulfonyl group is preferably C ６ -C１２ These are arylsulfonyl groups, and specific examples include phenylsulfonyl, naphthylsulfonyl, and biphenylsulfonyl. 【0059】 The alkylthio group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylthio group, preferably C １ -C １０ Examples include alkylthio groups. １ -C １０ Specific examples of alkylthio groups include linear C groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, n-butylthio, n-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, n-heptylthio, n-octylthio, n-nonylthio, and n-decylthio. １ -C １０ Alkylthio groups; branched C groups such as isopropylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, t-butylthio, isoamylthio, t-amylthio, isohexylthio, t-hexylthio, isoheptylthio, t-heptylthio, isooctylthio, t-octylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, isononylthio, isodecylthio, etc. ３ -C １０ Alkylthio group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropylthio, cyclobutylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, cycloheptylthio, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylthio groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylthio groups are preferred, and linear alkylthio groups are more preferred. 【0060】 The above arylthio group is preferably C ６ -C １２ These are arylthio groups, and specific examples include phenylthio, naphthylthio, and biphenylthio. 【0061】 Examples of the alkylureido groups mentioned above include linear, branched, or cyclic monoalkylureido groups or dialkylureido groups. 【0062】 The monoalkylureide group is preferably monoC １ -C １０These are alkylureide groups, and specific examples include linear mono-C groups such as methylureide, ethylureide, n-propylureide, n-butylureide, n-pentylureide, n-hexylureide, n-heptylureide, n-octylureide, n-nonylureide, and n-decylureide. １ -C １０ Alkylureide groups; branched mono-C groups such as isopropylureide, isobutylureide, sec-butylureide, t-butylureide, isoamylureide, t-amylureide, isohexylureide, t-hexylureide, isoheptylureide, t-heptylureide, isooctylureide, t-octylureide, 2-ethylhexylureide, isononylureide, and isodecylureide. ３ -C １０ Alkylureide group; or cyclic mono-C such as cyclopropylureide, cyclobutylureide, cyclopentylureide, cyclohexylureide, cycloheptylureide, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylureido groups. Among these, linear or branched alkylureido groups are preferred, with linear alkylureido groups being a prime example. 【0063】 The dialkylureide group is preferably diC １ -C １０ These are alkylureide groups, and specific examples include linear diC groups such as dimethylureide, diethylureide, di-n-propylureide, di-n-butylureide, di-n-pentylureide, di-n-hexylureide, di-n-heptylureide, di-n-octylureide, di-n-nonylureide, and di-n-decylureide. １ -C １０Alkylureide group; branched-chain diC with two branched chains, such as diisopropylureide, diisobutylureide, di-sec-butylureide, di-t-butylureide, diisoamylureide, di-t-amylureide, diisohexylureide, di-t-hexylureide, diisoheptylureide, di-t-heptylureide, diisooctylureide, di-t-octylureide, di-(2-ethylhexyl)ureide, diisononylureide, diisodecylureide, etc. ３ -C １０ Alkylureide group; or a cyclic diC having two rings, such as dicyclopropylureide, dicyclobutylureide, dicyclopentylureide, dicyclohexylureide, or dicycloheptylureide. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylureido groups. Among these, linear or branched dialkylureido groups are preferred, and linear dialkylureido groups are more preferred. 【0064】 Examples of the above-mentioned arylureide group include a monoarylureide group or a diarylureide group. 【0065】 The monoarylureide group is preferably monoC ６ -C １２ These are arylureide groups, and specific examples include phenylureide, naphthylureide, and biphenylureide. 【0066】 The diaryluide group is preferably diC ６ -C １２ These are aryl ureido groups, and specific examples include diphenylureido, dinaphthylureido, and di(biphenyl)ureido. 【0067】 The alkoxycarbonylamino group mentioned above is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxycarbonylamino group, preferably C １ -C １０ An example is the alkoxycarbonylamino group. １ -C １０Specific examples of alkoxycarbonylamino groups include linear carbon atoms such as methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, n-propoxycarbonylamino, n-butoxycarbonylamino, n-pentoxycarbonylamino, n-hexyloxycarbonylamino, n-heptoxycarbonylamino, n-octyloxycarbonylamino, n-nonyloxycarbonylamino, and n-decyloxycarbonylamino. １ -C １０ Alkoxycarbonylamino group; branched chain C such as isopropoxycarbonylamino, isobutoxycarbonylamino, sec-butoxycarbonylamino, t-butoxycarbonylamino, isoamyloxycarbonylamino, t-amyloxycarbonylamino, isohexyloxycarbonylamino, t-hexyloxycarbonylamino, isoheptoxycarbonylamino, t-heptoxycarbonylamino, isooctyloxycarbonylamino, t-octyloxycarbonylamino, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonylamino, isononyloxycarbonylamino, isodecyloxycarbonylamino, etc. ３ -C １０ Alkoxycarbonylamino group; or cyclic C such as cyclopropoxycarbonylamino, cyclobutoxycarbonylamino, cyclopentoxycarbonylamino, cyclohexyloxycarbonylamino, cycloheptoxycarbonylamino, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkoxycarbonylamino groups. Among these, linear or branched alkoxycarbonylamino groups are preferred, and linear alkoxycarbonylamino groups are more preferred. 【0068】 The above aryloxycarbonylamino group is preferably C ６ -C １２ These are aryloxycarbonylamino groups, and specific examples include phenylcarbonylamino, naphthylcarbonylamino, and biphenylcarbonylamino. 【0069】 Examples of the alkylamino groups mentioned above include linear, branched, or cyclic monoalkylamino groups or dialkylamino groups. 【0070】 The monoalkylamino group is preferably monoC １ -C １０ These are alkylamino groups, and specific examples include linear mono-C groups such as methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, n-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexylamino, n-heptylamino, n-octylamino, n-nonylamino, and n-decylamino. １ -C １０ Alkylamino groups; branched mono-C groups such as isopropylamino, isobutylamino, sec-butylamino, t-butylamino, isoamylamino, t-amylamino, isohexylamino, t-hexylamino, isoheptylamino, t-heptylamino, isooctylamino, t-octylamino, 2-ethylhexylamino, isononylamino, and isodecylamino. ３ -C １０ Alkylamino group; or cyclic mono-C such as cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, cycloheptylamino, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylamino groups. Among these, linear or branched monoalkylamino groups are preferred, and linear monoalkylamino groups are more preferred. 【0071】 The dialkylamino group is preferably diC １ -C １０ These are alkylamino groups, and specific examples include linear diC groups such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-n-butylamino, di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, di-n-heptylamino, di-n-octylamino, di-n-nonylamino, and di-n-decylamino. １ -C １０Alkylamino group; branched C2 molecules having two branched chains, such as diisopropylamino, diisobutylamino, di-sec-butylamino, di-t-butylamino, diisoamylamino, di-t-amylamino, diisohexylamino, di-t-hexylamino, diisoheptylamino, di-t-heptylamino, diisooctylamino, di-t-octylamino, di-(2-ethylhexyl)amino, diisononylamino, and diisodecylamino. ３ -C １０ Alkylamino group; or a cyclic diC having two rings such as dicyclopropylamino, dicyclobutylamino, dicyclopentylamino, dicyclohexylamino, dicycloheptylamino, etc. ３ -C ７ Examples include alkylamino groups. Among these, linear or branched dialkylamino groups are preferred, and linear dialkylamino groups are more preferred. 【0072】 Examples of the arylamino group mentioned above include a monoarylamino group or a diarylamino group. 【0073】 The monoarylamino group is preferably mono-C. ６ -C １２ These are arylamino groups, and specific examples include phenylamino (anilino), naphthylamino, and biphenylamino. 【0074】 The diarylamino group is preferably diC ６ -C １２ These are arylamino groups, and specific examples include diphenylamino, dinaphthylamino, and di(biphenyl)amino. 【0075】 Examples of the halogen atoms mentioned above include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, with fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, or bromine atoms being preferred. 【0076】 The above alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted, but it is preferable to have a substituent. More preferred alkenyl groups include carboxyalkenyl groups and styryl groups, which may have substituents. 【0077】 A more favorable Q １ and Q ２ Examples include hydrogen atoms, chlorine atoms, and C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ Examples include alkoxy groups, nitro groups, carboxyl groups, and sulfo groups. 【0078】 s represents 0 or 1, and t represents 0 or 1. It is preferable that at least one of s or t is 1. 【0079】 m represents an integer between 0 and 3, and a preferred value of m is 1 or 2. 【0080】 A is preferably a sulfo group. 【0081】 n represents 1 or 2. Sulfo group (-SO ３ H) ｎ The substitution position is not limited, but when n is 1, the azo group is preferably bonded at position 2, with positions 3, 4, or 5 being preferred; when n is 2, the azo group is preferably bonded at position 2, with positions 3 and 5, 3 and 6, 3 and 8, or 5 and 7 being preferred. 【0082】 Preferably, R １ ~R ５ Each is an independent hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group of C １ -C １０ An alkylcarbonylamino group (acetylamino group), or a sulfo group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ Alkoxy group, C １ The group is an alkylcarbonylamino group (acetylamino group) or a sulfo group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C１ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group or a sulfo group. In one embodiment, when both s and t are 0, or when only one of s and t is 0, R ５ is C １ It is an alkoxy group (methoxy group). In one embodiment, R ５ is C １ It is an alkoxy group (methoxy group). 【0083】 X １ X is a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted amino group, or an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group. In one embodiment, X １ is an optionally substituted amino group, or an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group, preferably a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, a phenylamino group, a (4-methoxyphenyl)amino group, a benzoylamino group, or a (4-aminobenzoyl)amino group, more preferably a methylamino group, a phenylamino group, or a (4-methoxyphenyl)amino group. In one embodiment, X １ is an unsubstituted amino group (-NH ２ ) In one embodiment, X １ is a hydrogen atom. In one embodiment, X １ is an amino group (-NH-Z) which may have monosubstituted, where Z is a hydrogen atom and C １ -C ４ The group is an alkyl group, a phenyl group, a carboxyphenyl group (more preferably a (4-carboxy)phenyl group), or a sulfophenyl group (more preferably a (3-sulfo)phenyl group). 【0084】 X １ The substitution position is not particularly limited, but with the azo group bonded at position 2, positions 6, 7, or 8 are preferred. 【0085】In one embodiment, the copper azo compound represented by formula (0) or a salt thereof is the copper azo compound represented by the following formula (1). In the following formula (1), A in formula (0) is a sulfo group, and X １ The substitution position is at position 6, R ５ C １ It is an alkoxy group (methoxy group), n is 1, (-SO ３ H) This is an equation where the substitution position of n is at position 3. Q １ Q ２ , R １ ~R ４ , X １ , and m are as described above for equation (0). 【0086】 In formula (1), R １ ~R ４ Each is an independent hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group, preferably a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group. 【0087】 In formula (1), X １ The group is an optionally substituted amino group, or an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group, with methylamino group, dimethylamino group, phenylamino group, (4-methoxyphenyl)amino group, benzoylamino group, and (4-aminobenzoyl)amino group being preferred, and methylamino group, phenylamino group, and (4-methoxyphenyl)amino group being more preferred. 【0088】 In one embodiment, the copper azo compound represented by formula (0) or a salt thereof is the copper azo compound represented by the following formula (J1) or a salt thereof. In the following formula (J1), s is 1, t is 1, n is 2, and (-SO ３H) ｎ The substitution positions are 3 and 5, X １ is an amino group (-NH ２ ) and the expression whose substitution position is at position 6. In formula (J1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, and m represents an integer from 0 to 3. A, Q １ Q ２ , R １ ~R ５ , and m are as described above for equation (0). 【0089】 Preferably, in formula (J1), A is a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ５ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group, or acetylamino group, or sulfo group, Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ These are alkoxy groups and carboxyl groups. 【0090】 More preferably, the copper azo compound represented by formula (J1) or a salt thereof is a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (J2) or a salt thereof. In formula (J2), A represents a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ４ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group or sulfo group is Q１ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group or a carboxyl group, and m represents an integer from 0 to 3. 【0091】 In one embodiment, the copper azo compound represented by formula (0) or a salt thereof is the copper azo compound represented by the following formula (H1) or a salt thereof. In the following formula (H1), s is 1, t is 1, n is 2, and (-SO ３ H) ｎ The substitution positions are 3 and 5, X １ is an amino group (-NH ２ This is the expression in which the substitution position is at position 6. In formula (H1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. A, Q １ Q ２ , R １ ~R ５ , X １ , and m are as described above for equation (0). 【0092】 Preferably, in formula (H1), A is a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ５ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group, or acetylamino group, or sulfo group, Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group or a carboxyl group. 【0093】 More preferably, the copper azo compound represented by formula (H1) or a salt thereof is a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (H2) or a salt thereof. In formula (H2), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and R １ ~R ４ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group and sulfo group are Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ (These are alkoxy and carboxyl groups, where m represents an integer between 0 and 3.) 【0094】 In one embodiment, the copper azo compound represented by formula (0) or a salt thereof is the copper azo compound represented by the following formula (S1). The following formula (S1) is in which s is 1 and t is 1 in formula (0) above, and X １ That is a hydrogen atom. In formula (S1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. A, Q １ Q ２ , R １ ~R ５ , X １ m and n are as described above for equation (0). 【0095】 Preferably, in formula (S1), A is a sulfo group, and R １ ~R５ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group, acetylamino group, or sulfo group is Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group or a carboxyl group. 【0096】 More preferably, the copper azo compound represented by formula (S1) or a salt thereof is a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (S2) or a salt thereof. In formula (S2), A represents a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ４ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group or sulfo group is Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ It is an alkoxy group or a carboxyl group, where m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. 【0097】 In one embodiment, the copper azo compound represented by formula (0) or a salt thereof is the copper azo compound represented by the following formula (R1) or a salt thereof. The following formula (R1) is where s is 1, t is 1, and n is 1 or 2 (i.e., p in the following formula is 0 or 1), (-SO ３ H) ｎOne of the substitution positions is at position 3, and the other is (-SO) when n is 2 (p is 1). ３ The substitution position of H) is at position 6, X １ This is an amino group (-NH-Z) which may have a monosubstituted position, and its substitution position is at position 7. In formula (R1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and Q １ Q ２ , Z, and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, where m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and p represents 0 or 1. A, Q １ Q ２ , R １ ~R ５ ,m is as described above for equation (0). 【0098】 Preferably, in formula (R1), A is a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ５ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group, or acetylamino group, or sulfo group, Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ These are alkoxy and carboxyl groups, where Z is a hydrogen atom and C is a hydrogen atom. １ -C ４ It is an alkyl group, a phenyl group, a carboxyphenyl group, or a sulfophenyl group. 【0099】 More preferably, the copper azo compound represented by formula (R1) or a salt thereof is a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (R2) or a salt thereof. In formula (R2), A represents a sulfo group, and R １ ~R ４ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １-C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ The alkoxy group and sulfo group are Q １ Q ２ Each of these independently consists of a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group, and C. １ -C ４ alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ These are alkoxy and carboxyl groups, where Z is a hydrogen atom and C is a hydrogen atom. １ -C ４ These are alkyl groups, phenyl groups, carboxyphenyl groups, and sulfophenyl groups, where m represents an integer from 0 to 3 and p represents 0 or 1. 【0100】 <Polarizing Film> The polarizing film according to the present invention contains a copper azo compound, particularly a copper azo compound represented by formula (0), (1), etc., or a salt thereof, in a hydrophilic polymer film, thereby providing a high-performance polarizing film that exhibits a high degree of polarization in the 700 nm to 780 nm range, and especially in the 700 nm to 750 nm range, as well as high durability. 【0101】<Substrate> The substrate used in the polarizing film according to the present invention is preferably a film obtained by forming a hydrophilic polymer that readily adsorbs the compound of the present invention and water-soluble dichroic dyes. The hydrophilic polymer is not particularly limited, but examples include polyvinyl alcohol resins, amylose resins, starch resins, cellulose resins, and polyacrylate resins, as well as resins modified with olefins such as ethylene and propylene, or unsaturated carboxylic acids such as crotonic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid. Among such resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins or derivatives thereof are preferred from the viewpoint of dyeability, processability, and crosslinkability of dichroic dyes. The shape of the substrate is not particularly limited, and can be made into any shape, such as a film, sheet, flat plate, curved plate, and hemispherical shape. Furthermore, the thickness of the substrate can be appropriately designed according to the application of the polarizing film, but is preferably in the range of 5 μm to 150 μm, more preferably in the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and even more preferably in the range of 20 μm to 80 μm. The polarizing film according to the present invention can be produced, for example, by forming the above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer as a substrate into a film, then incorporating the compound of the present invention, an azo compound, or a salt thereof into the film, and then applying an orientation treatment such as stretching to the obtained film. 【0102】 Copperamide azo compounds represented by formulas (0), (1), etc., or salts thereof can be produced, for example, by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-220544, "Dye Chemistry," by Yutaka Hosoda, Gihodo Publishing, 1957. Specific examples of copperamide azo compounds are listed below, but are not limited to these. Azo compounds are expressed in the form of free acids. In addition, structural formulas in which the copperamide azo compound or the amine species used in synthesis is coordinated to copper may be described. In this application, the coordination of the amine is omitted, but any amine species may be coordinated, and in this specification, "copperamide azo compound or salt thereof" may refer to a complex thereof. 【0103】 Examples of compounds of formula (1) 【0104】 Examples of compounds of formula (J1) 【0105】 Examples of compounds of formula (H1) 【0106】 Examples of compounds of formula (S1) 【0107】 Examples of compounds of formula (R1) 【0108】 The copper azo dyes represented by the above formulas (0), (1), etc., may be in the form of free acids or salts, or they may be salts of metal ions or ammonium ions. Examples of metal ions include alkali metal ions such as lithium ions, sodium ions, and potassium ions, and alkaline earth metal ions such as calcium ions and magnesium ions. Examples of ammonium ions include ammonium ions in the narrow sense (NH₄). ４ ＋Examples include methylammonium ion, dimethylammonium ion, triethylammonium ion, tetraethylammonium ion, tetra-n-propylammonium ion, tetra-n-butylammonium ion, monoethanolammonium ion, diethanolammonium ion, triethanolammonium ion, N-methyl-N-monoethanolammonium ion, etc. More specifically, for example, in the case of free acids, sulfonic acid (-SO ３ H) is used, and in the case of sodium ions, sodium sulfonate (-SO ３ In the case of ammonium ions, use Na, and ammonium sulfonate (-SO ３ NH ４ This represents (-SO). In the case of the N-methyl-N-monoethanolammonium ion, it represents (-SO ３ － ・[MeNH ２ CH ２ CH ２ OH] ＋ )represent. 【0109】 The polarizing film of the present invention contains one copper azo compound or a salt thereof as a dichroic dye, either alone or in combination with several other compounds depending on the application, and may further contain one or more other organic dyes other than copper azo compounds as needed. When the copper azo compound used is a compound represented by formula (0), (1), etc., it is preferable because it is possible to provide a high-performance polarizing film and polarizing plate, as well as a display device equipped therewith, that have a higher degree of polarization and higher durability in the long wavelength range of 700 to 780 nm in the visible light region. The other organic dyes are not particularly limited, but dyes that have absorption characteristics in a wavelength range different from the absorption wavelength range of the copper azo compound or a salt thereof and have high dichroism are preferred. 【0110】For example, the copper azo compounds of formulas (0) and (1) or their salts that can be contained in the polarizing film of the present invention have absorption in the long-wavelength region with a maximum absorption wavelength of 642 nm or more, and are used as dichroic dyes for blue to green polarizing films. The maximum absorption wavelength is preferably in the range of 600 to 780 nm, and more preferably in the range of 650 nm to 750 nm. In one embodiment, it is even more preferably in the range of 642 to 700 nm. Because the compound or its salt has a maximum absorption wavelength in such a range, the polarizing film of the present invention has good polarization performance even in the long-wavelength region beyond 700 nm. 【0111】 For example, the copper azo compounds of formulas (0) and (1) or their salts that can be contained in the polarizing film of the present invention have absorption in the long-wavelength region with a maximum absorption wavelength of 642 nm or higher, and are used as dichroic dyes for blue to green polarizing films. Furthermore, the contained copper azo compounds are preferably those with a maximum absorption wavelength of 642 nm or higher, more preferably those with a maximum absorption wavelength of 660 nm or higher, and even more preferably those with a maximum absorption wavelength of 680 nm or higher. In the present invention, the upper limit of the maximum absorption wavelength is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 780 nm or less, 770 nm or less, 760 nm or less, or 750 nm or less. In one embodiment it is even more preferable that it is in the range of 642 to 700 nm. Because the compound or its salt has a maximum absorption wavelength in such a range, the polarizing film of the present invention has good polarization performance even in the long-wavelength region beyond 700 nm. 【0112】 If necessary, the polarizing film of the present invention may contain two or more copper azo compounds represented by formula (0) or the like, or salts thereof, as dichroic dyes, and may also contain one or more other dichroic dyes of copper azo compounds represented by formula (0) or the like, or salts thereof. When producing such a polarizing film, a neutral gray polarizing film, a color polarizing film for liquid crystal projectors, or other color polarizing films can be produced depending on the application. Here, "neutral gray" means that when two polarizing films are superimposed so that their orientation directions are perpendicular to each other (hereinafter also referred to as "orthogonal position"), there is little light leakage (color leakage) of specific wavelengths in the visible light wavelength range. 【0113】 The types of organic dyes used vary depending on the application. While the mixing ratio is not particularly limited, it is generally preferable to use 0.01 to 100 parts by mass of at least one other organic dye for every 1 part by mass of a copper azo compound or salt thereof such as formula (0) or (1) (or 1 part by mass of any one of the two or more copper azo compounds or salts thereof) (or parts by weight; the following terms are interchangeable). A range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass is more preferable. 【0114】 When the target polarizing film is a neutral gray polarizing film, the types and proportions of other organic dyes used in combination are adjusted so that the resulting polarizing film has minimal color leakage in the visible light wavelength range. 【0115】 Examples of dichroic dyes that can be used in formulations in combination of multiple types include yellow to orange dichroic dyes that absorb in the short wavelength region, red to purple dichroic dyes, and purple to blue dichroic dyes. The polarizing film of one embodiment of the present invention has a higher degree of polarization over a wider wavelength range than conventional ones. Furthermore, the polarizing plate made of this polarizing film exhibits higher durability against heat, humidity, and light compared to conventional dye-based polarizing plates. 【0116】 As a violet to blue dichroic dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of approximately 580 nm or more and less than 660 nm that can be used in the polarizing film of the present invention, commercially available C.I. Direct Blue 67, C.I. Direct Blue 274, C.I. Direct Blue 291, C.I. Direct Blue 273, C.I. Direct Blue 237, C.I. Direct Blue 78, C.I. Direct Black 19, etc., can be used. Tetrakisazo compounds described in International Publication No. 2012 / 108169 and International Publication No. 2012 / 108173, and azo compounds described in Patent Documents 8 to 14 can also be used as appropriate, but are not limited to these. Examples of the above compounds are shown below. 【0117】Compound D, a red to purple dichroic dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of approximately 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm, which can be used in the polarizing film of the present invention, can be a commercially available product such as C.I. Direct Red 2, C.I. Direct Red 31, C.I. Direct Red 79, C.I. Direct Red 81, C.I. Direct Red 117, C.I. Direct Red 247, etc. Furthermore, ureido-based red dyes, such as those described in International Publication No. 2016 / 186194, International Publication No. 2016 / 186195, and International Publication No. 2016 / 186196, and 1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid (J-acid)-based red dyes, such as those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-291259, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-275381, and International Publication No. 2017 / 135391, may also be used as appropriate, but are not limited to these. Examples of the aforementioned compounds are shown below. 【0118】 As a yellow to orange dichroic dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm that can be used in the polarizing film of the present invention, commercially available C.I. Direct Yellow 12, C.I. Direct Yellow 28, C.I. Direct Yellow 44, C.I. Direct Orange 26, C.I. Direct Orange 39, C.I. Direct Orange 71, C.I. Direct Orange 107, etc., can be used. In addition, stilbene-based orange dyes of formula (2) described in Example 1 of International Publication No. 2007 / 138980 and ureido-based orange dyes described in International Publication No. 2018 / 181470 and International Publication No. 2019 / 124161 can also be used as appropriate, but are not limited to these. Examples of the above compounds are shown below. 【0119】The polarizing film of this embodiment may contain, for example, the following organic dyes: C.I. Direct. Blue 69, C.I. Direct. Green 80, and C.I. Direct. Green 59, as well as the dyes described in "Applications of Functional Dyes," supervised by Masahiro Irie, 1st edition, CMC Corporation, June 2002, pp. 98-100. Depending on the purpose, it is preferable to contain the dyes described in International Publication No. 2017 / 146212, International Publication No. 2019 / 117131, International Publication No. 2020 / 050333, or International Publication No. 2021 / 015188. These organic dyes are used as free acids, alkali metal salts (e.g., Na salts, K salts, Li salts), ammonium salts, or amine salts. 【0120】 In a polarizing film according to one embodiment of the present invention, the blending ratio of the azo compounds used is preferably adjusted so that the transmittance is within a preferred range as described later. The polarization performance of the polarizing film is affected not only by the blending ratio of each azo compound in the polarizing film, but also by various factors such as the degree of swelling and stretching ratio of the substrate on which the azo compounds are adsorbed, the dyeing time, the dyeing temperature, the pH during dyeing, and the effect of salt. Such adjustments to the blending ratio can be made as appropriate based on the explanation described later. 【0121】 (Visibility Corrected Transmittance) The transmittance of the polarizing film and polarizing plate according to the present invention is measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. 【0122】(Performance of individual transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity) The polarizing film and polarizing plate according to one embodiment of the present invention preferably have a performance of 35% to 70% performance of individual transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Performance of individual transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity is the transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 for one measurement sample (e.g., polarizing film or polarizing plate). Although a higher performance of the polarizing film or polarizing plate is required, if the performance of individual transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity is 35% to 70%, brightness can be expressed without discomfort even when used in various display devices. If the performance of individual transmittance corrected for visual sensitivity exceeds 70%, the degree of polarization may decrease significantly, which is undesirable. On the other hand, since the degree of polarization tends to decrease as the transmittance increases, from the viewpoint of balancing with the degree of polarization, the transmittance of the luminous efficiency correction unit is preferably 35% to 60%, more preferably 37% to 55%, even more preferably 39% to 50%, particularly preferably 40% to 50%, and even more preferably 40.5% to 50%. 【0123】 The degree of polarization of polarizing films and polarizing plates is preferably 50% to 100%, more preferably 80% to 100%, even more preferably 95% to 100%, and particularly preferably 99% to 100%. A higher degree of polarization is preferable, but by adjusting the transmittance and degree of polarization to suit the relationship between the degree of polarization and transmittance, depending on whether brightness or the degree of polarization is prioritized, the product can be applied to display devices and the like. 【0124】 Regarding the absorption band, adjusting the transmittance in the 400-700 nm range causes light leakage at longer wavelengths, resulting in a decrease in the actual display quality. To suppress this, it is preferable to have a uniform absorption band in the range of 380-780 nm. For example, to effectively reduce light leakage at longer wavelengths above 700 nm, it is preferable to adjust the polarization degree above 700 nm, specifically the average polarization degree (Aveρ) in the 700-750 nm range. 【0125】In the present invention, the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, even more preferably 85% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. In the present invention, the upper limit of ρ is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 100% or less, less than 100%, 99.5% or less, 99.0% or less, 98.5% or less, or 98.0% or less. 【0126】 In the present invention, the average polarization degree (Aveρ) at 700 to 750 nm is 90% or more, preferably 92% or more, more preferably 95% or more, even more preferably 99% or more, and particularly preferably 99.5% or more. In the present invention, the upper limit of Aveρ is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 100% or less, less than 100%, 99.8% or less, 99.6% or less, 99.4% or less, 99.2% or less, 99.0% or less, 98.5% or less, 98.0% or less, or 97.5% or less. 【0127】 Furthermore, in terms of optical properties on the longer wavelength side, the optical properties at 750 nm are particularly important, and it is preferable to adjust the parallel transmittance Tp, the orthogonal transmittance Tc, and the degree of polarization. Here, the parallel transmittance Tp is the spectral transmittance at each wavelength measured by superimposing two polarizing plates so that their absorption axis directions are parallel, and the orthogonal transmittance Tc is the spectral transmittance measured by superimposing two polarizing plates so that their absorption axes are orthogonal. The parallel transmittance Tp at 750 nm is preferably 35% or more, more preferably 36% or more, and the orthogonal transmittance Tc at 750 nm is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, even more preferably 5% or less, even more preferably 2.0% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. 【0128】 In the present invention, the upper limit of Tp is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 50% or less, less than 50%, 45% or less, or 42% or less. 【0129】 In the present invention, the lower limit of Tc is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is greater than 0%, 0.30% or more, or 0.50% or more. 【0130】By improving the polarization degree, parallel transmittance, and orthogonal transmittance on the longer wavelength side in this way, it is effective in suppressing light leakage in liquid crystal displays and internal reflections in OLEDs. 【0131】 Next, we will explain a specific method for producing a polarizing film, using the example of a case where an azo compound is adsorbed onto a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin substrate. Note that the method for producing a polarizing film according to the present invention is not limited to the following method. 【0132】 (Preparation of base film) The film that will be the basis of the base film (hereinafter referred to as base film or film) can be made by forming a film of polyvinyl alcohol resin. The polyvinyl alcohol resin is not particularly limited, and commercially available resins may be used, or resins synthesized by known methods may be used. The polyvinyl alcohol resin can be obtained, for example, by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate resin. Examples of polyvinyl acetate resins include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, as well as copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith. Examples of other monomers copolymerized with vinyl acetate include unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins, vinyl ethers, and unsaturated sulfonic acids. The degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is usually preferably about 85 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 95 mol% or more. The polyvinyl alcohol resin may be further modified, and for example, polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes can also be used. Furthermore, the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin refers to the viscosity-average degree of polymerization, which can be determined by methods well known in the art, and is usually preferably around 1,000 to 10,000, and more preferably around 1,500 to 6,000. 【0133】The method for forming the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film is not particularly limited, and the film can be formed using known methods. In this case, the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film may contain plasticizers such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol. The plasticizer content is preferably 5 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 8 to 15% by mass, relative to the total film. The film thickness of the raw film is not particularly limited, but for example, it is about 5 μm to 150 μm, preferably about 10 μm to 100 μm. 【0134】 (Swelling Process) The obtained raw film is subjected to a swelling treatment. The swelling treatment is preferably carried out by immersing the raw film in a solution at 20 to 50°C for 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and the solution is preferably water. The stretching ratio of the raw film due to swelling is preferably adjusted to 1.00 to 1.50 times, and more preferably to 1.10 to 1.35 times. If the time for manufacturing the polarizing film is to be shortened, the swelling treatment can be omitted because the raw film also swells during the dyeing treatment described later. 【0135】 (Dyeing Process) Next, a dyeing process is carried out in which a dichroic dye such as an azo compound is adsorbed and impregnated onto the film obtained by the swelling process. If the swelling process is omitted, the swelling process of the raw film can be carried out simultaneously in the dyeing process. In the dyeing process, for example, an azo compound, which is a dichroic dye exemplified in Masahiro Irie (ed.), "Applications of Functional Dyes," 1st edition, CMC Corporation, June 2002, pp. 98-100, may be used to adjust the color of the resin film to an extent that does not impair the performance of the polarizing film according to the present invention. 【0136】The dyeing process is not particularly limited as long as it involves adsorbing and impregnating the film with an azo compound as a dichroic dye. For example, it is preferable to color the film by immersing it in a dyeing solution, or it is also possible to color the film by coating it with the dyeing solution. The concentration of each azo compound in the dyeing solution is not particularly limited as long as the film is sufficiently colored, but it can be adjusted, for example, within the range of 0.05 g / liter to 100 g / liter or within the range of 0.001 to 10% by mass. 【0137】 The temperature of the dyeing solution in the dyeing process is preferably 5 to 80°C, more preferably 5 to 60°C, even more preferably 20 to 50°C, and particularly preferably 35 to 50°C. The immersion time of the film in the dyeing solution can be adjusted as appropriate, preferably between 30 seconds and 20 minutes, and more preferably between 1 and 10 minutes. 【0138】 The dyeing solution may, in addition to the azo compound used in the present invention, further contain a dyeing aid as needed. Examples of dyeing aids include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and sodium tripolyphosphate. The content of the dyeing aid can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the immersion time and temperature of the dyeing solution based on the dyeing properties of the dye used, but it is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass in the dyeing solution, and more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass. 【0139】(Washing Step 1) After the dyeing step, a washing step (hereinafter also referred to as "washing step 1") can be performed to remove the dyeing solution adhering to the surface of the resin film. By performing washing step 1, it is possible to suppress the migration of dye remaining on the surface of the resin film into the liquid to be processed next. In washing step 1, water is generally used as the washing solution. The washing method is preferably to immerse the dyed resin film in the washing solution, or to wash by applying the washing solution to the resin film. The washing time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 60 seconds. The temperature of the washing solution in washing step 1 must be such that the material constituting the resin film (for example, a hydrophilic polymer, in this case a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin) does not dissolve, and the washing treatment is generally performed at 5 to 40°C. However, washing step 1 can be omitted as it does not affect the performance of the polarizing film. 【0140】 (Step of incorporating a crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent into the film) After the dyeing step or washing step 1, a crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent may be incorporated. The method of incorporating a crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent into the resin film is preferably by immersing the resin film in a treatment solution containing the crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent, or the treatment solution may be applied or coated onto the resin film. The treatment solution contains at least one type of crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent and a solvent. The temperature of the treatment solution is preferably 5 to 70°C, and more preferably 5 to 50°C. The treatment time in this step is preferably 30 seconds to 6 minutes, and more preferably 1 to 5 minutes. 【0141】Examples of crosslinking agents include boric acid, boron compounds such as borax or ammonium borate, polyhydric aldehydes such as glyoxal or glutaraldehyde, polyhydric isocyanate compounds such as biuret type, isocyanurate type or block type, and titanium compounds such as titanium oxysulfate. Other options include ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and polyamide epichlorohydrin. Examples of water-resistant agents include succinic acid peroxide, ammonium persulfate, calcium perchlorate, benzoin ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, ammonium chloride, or magnesium chloride, but boric acid is preferred. The solvent for the crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent is not particularly limited, but water is preferred. The concentration of the crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent in the treatment solution can be appropriately determined depending on the type of agent. For example, when using boric acid, the concentration of boric acid in the treatment solution is generally 0.1 to 15% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 6.0% by mass, and even more preferably 1.0 to 4.0% by mass. If it is desired to shorten the time required to manufacture the polarizing film, or if the crosslinking or water-resistant treatment is unnecessary, the treatment step can be omitted. The treatment temperature is 30 to 80°C, preferably 40 to 75°C, and the treatment is carried out by immersion for 0.5 to 10 minutes. Furthermore, if necessary, a fixation treatment may be carried out in combination with an aqueous solution containing a cationic polymer compound. 【0142】 (Stretching Process) After the dyeing process, or optionally after the washing process 1 or the process of adding a crosslinking agent and / or a water-resistant agent, the stretching process is carried out. The stretching process is carried out by stretching the resin film uniaxially. The stretching method may be either dry stretching or wet stretching. The stretching ratio is generally 2 to 9 times, preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 3 to 8 times, and may also be 5 to 8 times or 4 to 7 times. 【0143】In the dry stretching method, when the stretching heating medium is air, it is preferable to stretch the resin film at a temperature of room temperature to 180°C. Furthermore, the humidity is preferably in an atmosphere of 20-95% RH. Examples of methods for heating the resin film include, but are not limited to, the inter-roll zone stretching method, the roll heating stretching method, the hot pressure stretching method, and the infrared heating stretching method. The dry stretching process may be carried out in a single stage or in two or more stages. 【0144】 In the wet stretching method, it is preferable to stretch the resin film in water, a water-soluble organic solvent, or a mixed solution thereof. More preferably, the stretching process is carried out while immersing the resin film in a solution containing at least one crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent. The crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent can be the same as those described above in the step of incorporating the crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent. The concentration of the crosslinking agent and / or water-resistant agent in the solution during the stretching process is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 2.0 to 8.0% by mass. The stretching temperature is preferably 40 to 60°C, and more preferably 45 to 58°C. The stretching time is usually 30 seconds to 20 minutes, and preferably 2 to 5 minutes. The wet stretching process may be carried out in one stage or in two or more stages. 【0145】 (Cleaning Step 2) After the stretching step, crosslinking agents and / or water-resistant agents may precipitate on the surface of the resin film, or foreign matter may adhere to it. Therefore, a cleaning step (hereinafter also referred to as "Cleaning Step 2") to clean the surface of the resin film may be optionally performed. The cleaning time is preferably 1 second to 5 minutes. The cleaning method is preferably immersing the resin film in a cleaning solution, but the cleaning solution can also be applied to or coated onto the resin film. Water is preferred as the cleaning solution. The cleaning process may be performed in one step or in a multi-stage process of two or more steps. The temperature of the cleaning solution in the cleaning step is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 50°C, preferably 10 to 40°C. If it is desired to shorten the time required to manufacture the polarizing film, this step may be omitted, but it is preferable to perform it from a quality perspective. 【0146】In addition to water, other examples of processing liquids or solvents used in each of the processing steps described above include alcohols such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, or trimethylolpropane, and amines such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. The processing liquid or solvent is not limited to these, but water is most preferred. Furthermore, these processing liquids or solvents may be used individually or as a mixture of two or more. 【0147】 (Drying Process) After the stretching process or washing process 2, the resin film is dried. Although the drying process can be carried out by natural drying, in order to improve drying efficiency, it is possible to perform the drying by compression with a roll, removal of surface moisture with an air knife or water-absorbing roll, etc., and it is also possible to perform forced-air drying. The drying temperature is preferably 20 to 100°C, and more preferably 60 to 100°C. The drying time is preferably 30 seconds to 20 minutes, and more preferably 5 to 10 minutes. 【0148】 (Polarizing plate) The polarizing plate according to the present invention comprises a polarizing film containing the above-mentioned azo compound in a base film, and a transparent protective layer provided on one or both sides of the polarizing film. The transparent protective layer is used to improve the water resistance and handling properties of the polarizing film. 【0149】 The transparent protective layer is a protective film formed using a transparent material. The protective film is a film having a layered shape that can maintain the shape of the polarizing film, and is preferably made of a transparent resin that has excellent transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding properties, etc. On the other hand, a protective film made of other materials that can have functions equivalent to such a transparent resin may also be used. 【0150】When a polarizing plate is bonded to a display device such as a liquid crystal display or OLED, various functional layers for improving display quality such as viewing angle, or layers or films that enhance brightness, can be provided on the surface of the transparent protective layer that is not exposed. Examples of these functional layers include layers or films that control phase differences. It is preferable that the polarizing plate is bonded to these films with an adhesive. Furthermore, these functional layers or films can also be used as substitutes for the transparent protective layer that constitutes the polarizing plate. 【0151】 Furthermore, the exposed surface of the transparent protective layer may be appropriately provided with various known functional layers, such as an anti-reflective layer (anti-reflection layer, low-reflection layer, or a combination thereof), an anti-glare layer, or a hard coat layer. The anti-reflection layer can be formed, for example, by vapor deposition or sputtering of a substance such as silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide, or by thinly coating a fluorine-based substance. When producing such functional layers, it is preferable to coat the material with the various functional properties onto the exposed surface of the transparent protective layer. Alternatively, it is also possible to bond such a functional layer or film to the exposed surface of the transparent protective layer via an adhesive or bonding agent. 【0152】Examples of transparent resins that constitute the protective film include thermoplastic resins such as polyester resins, acetate resins, polyethersulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, or acrylic resins; thermosetting resins such as acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resins; UV-curable resins; and fluorine resins such as tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymers. Among these, as polyolefin resins, amorphous polyolefin resins having polymerization units of cyclic polyolefins such as norbornene monomers or polycyclic norbornene monomers are used. Generally, it is preferable to select a protective film that does not impair the performance of the polarizing film, and as such protective films, triacetylcellulose (TAC) film made of cellulose acetate resin, norbornene film, acrylic film, or cycloolefin film are particularly preferred. The thickness of the transparent protective layer can be appropriately designed depending on the application of the polarizing film, but is preferably in the range of 1 μm to 200 μm, more preferably in the range of 5 μm to 150 μm, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 μm to 100 μm. 【0153】 Furthermore, the transparent protective layer is not limited to a film; a protective layer may also be provided by forming a protective layer on the polarizing film consisting of an organic composition, an inorganic composition, or a mixture thereof, made of a material that is excellent in optical transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding properties, etc. 【0154】 Furthermore, the polarizing plate of the present invention may be a support-integrated polarizing plate in which a transparent substrate having a thickness greater than that of a general film is laminated to both or one side of the polarizing film. The support can be broadly divided into inorganic substrates and organic substrates, and examples of inorganic substrates include soda glass, borosilicate glass, quartz substrates, sapphire substrates, and spinel substrates, as well as organic substrates such as acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polyolefins (cycloolefin polymers, etc.). 【0155】Optical components may be laminated on one or both sides of the polarizing plate, or optical components may be directly bonded to the polarizing film. Examples of optical components include cover glass, light diffusion film, and phase difference film. 【0156】 Specific examples of phase difference films include various known technologies such as films made by stretching transparent resins like polycarbonate resin, and phase difference films made by coating, oriented, and fixing various liquid crystalline compounds. Phase difference films are used as laminated films bonded to polarizing plates via adhesive or a bonding agent. The phase difference film is arbitrary, and various known types can be used depending on the display device used. The thickness of the film and its optical properties (the in-plane retardation value Re and the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction of the phase difference film) are not particularly limited. The phase difference film may be a λ / 2 film or a λ / 4 film, or it may be a phase difference film consisting of multiple layers. The polarizing plate and the phase difference film can be bonded together via adhesive or a bonding agent. The polarizing plate to which the phase difference film is bonded becomes an elliptical polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate, which can be appropriately selected depending on the display device used to obtain viewing angle compensation effects, anti-reflective effects, etc. It is also possible to directly bond such a phase difference film to a polarizing film to create a transparent protective film. 【0157】 For example, in liquid crystal display devices, phase difference films are known to be used as optical compensation films to expand the viewing angle and improve image coloring. Depending on the active matrix system, passive matrix system, and various liquid crystal driving modes (TN mode, VA mode, IPS mode, etc.), the optical properties of the film are controlled to achieve the desired optical anisotropy. In addition, depending on the required optical compensation function, multiple phase difference films may be used in combination. 【0158】Examples of phase difference films used for optical compensation in liquid crystal displays include, in the case of TN mode, a method of placing a phase difference film with hybrid orientation of discotic liquid crystals between the TN cell and the polarizer; in the case of VA mode, a method of placing a phase difference film called a negative C plate between the VA cell and the polarizer; and in the case of IPS mode, a method of combining two phase difference films called a positive C plate and an A plate and placing them between the IPS cell and the polarizer, as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-133408. The polarizer of the present invention can also be used in combination with these phase difference films. 【0159】 Furthermore, in OLEDs, a circular polarizer (a combination of a polarizer and a phase difference film) is sometimes placed on the viewing surface of the image display panel to suppress internal reflection phenomena. The phase difference film in this case may be, for example, a λ / 4 film alone, or a configuration in which a λ / 2 film and a λ / 4 film are laminated, but is not limited to these. Known technologies also use circular polarizers that combine a single or multiple phase difference films, and the polarizer of the present invention can also be used in combination with these technologies. 【0160】 For example, when only a λ / 4 film is combined with a polarizer, if the in-plane phase difference when measured with light of a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C is Re(550), then it is preferably 100 to 190 nm, more preferably 110 to 170 nm, and particularly preferably 110 to 160 nm. At this time, the angle between the slow axis of the λ / 4 film and the absorption axis of the polarizer is preferably 40° to 50°, more preferably 42° to 48°, and particularly preferably 44° to 46°. 【0161】Also, when combining a λ / 4 film and a λ / 2 film with a polarizing plate, it is preferable to laminate them in the order of the polarizing plate, the λ / 2 film, and the λ / 4 film. At this time, the in-plane retardation Re of the λ / 4 film preferably falls within the range shown above. The Re(550) of the λ / 2 film is preferably 200 to 310 nm, more preferably 210 to 300 nm, and particularly preferably 220 to 290 nm. At this time, the angle formed between the slow axis of the λ / 2 film and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is preferably 10° to 30°, more preferably 10° to 20°. Furthermore, the angle formed between the slow axis of the λ / 4 film and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is preferably 60° to 85°, more preferably 65° to 85°, and particularly preferably 70° to 80°. 【0162】The polarizing plate preferably further comprises an adhesive layer between the transparent protective layer and the polarizing film for bonding the transparent protective layer to the polarizing film. The adhesive constituting the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but examples include thermosetting adhesives and UV-curing adhesives, and more specifically, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives, urethane emulsion-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, and polyester-isocyanate-based adhesives, with polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives being preferred. Examples of polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives include Exceval RS-2117 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), but is not limited to these. In addition, a crosslinking agent and / or a water-resistant agent may be added to the adhesive. As the polymer constituting the polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, it is preferable to use a maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymer, and if necessary, an adhesive mixed with a crosslinking agent may also be used. Examples of maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymers include Isoban #18 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Isoban #04 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), ammonia-modified Isoban #104 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), ammonia-modified Isoban #110 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), imidized Isoban #304 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and imidized Isoban #310 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.). Water-soluble polyvalent epoxy compounds can be used as crosslinking agents. Examples of water-soluble polyvalent epoxy compounds include Denacol EX-521 (manufactured by Nagase Chemtec Co., Ltd.) and Tetrat-C (manufactured by Mitsui Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.). In addition, known adhesives other than polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, such as urethane-based, acrylic-based, and epoxy-based adhesives, can also be used. In particular, it is preferable to use acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and it is even more preferable to use a polyvalent aldehyde as its crosslinking agent. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesive strength or water resistance of the adhesive, additives such as zinc compounds, chlorides, or iodides can be included in the adhesive alone or in combination at a concentration of about 0.1 to 10% by mass. The additives that can be included in the adhesive are not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate. After bonding the transparent protective layer and the polarizing film with the adhesive, a polarizing plate can be manufactured by drying or heat-treating it at an appropriate temperature. 【0163】In order to bond a polarizing plate to an optical member, a support, a display device, etc., an adhesive layer may be formed on one or both surfaces of the polarizing plate. The adhesive layer to be formed can accommodate adhesives or adhesives, but adhesives such as acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, etc. are preferably used. The adhesives used are not limited to these and can be appropriately selected according to the application and members. 【0164】 The polarizing plate of the present invention is excellent in polarization performance, and further suppresses discoloration and deterioration of polarization performance even in a high temperature and high humidity state, so it is suitable for in-vehicle use or outdoor display use. 【0165】 The polarizing film or polarizing plate according to the present invention may be provided with a protective layer and / or a functional layer, and further a transparent support such as glass, quartz, sapphire, etc. as needed. Also, it is applicable to liquid crystal projectors, OLEDs, calculators, watches, notebook computers, word processors, liquid crystal TVs, polarizing lenses, polarizing glasses, car navigation systems, or indoor and outdoor measuring instruments and displays, etc., but is not limited thereto. In particular, the polarizing film or polarizing plate according to the present invention is preferably used for liquid crystal display devices, for example, reflective liquid crystal display devices, transflective liquid crystal display devices, or OLEDs. Also, it is preferably used for various displays that require high polarization performance and durability, such as in-vehicle display devices or outdoor display devices (for example, display applications of industrial instruments and wearable applications). The display device provided with the polarizing film or polarizing plate according to the present invention can express white and neutral black like high-quality paper. Furthermore, the liquid crystal device provided with the polarizing film or polarizing plate according to the present invention is a display device having high durability, high reliability, high polarization degree over a long period of time, and high color reproducibility. 【0166】For example, in the case of a liquid crystal display device, a dye-based polarizer is placed on either the incident side or the output side of the liquid crystal cell, or both. The dye-based polarizer may or may not be in contact with the liquid crystal cell, but from the viewpoint of durability, it is preferable that it is not in contact. If the dye-based polarizer is in contact with the liquid crystal cell on the output side of the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell can be used as a support for the dye-based polarizer. If the dye-based polarizer is not in contact with the liquid crystal cell, it is preferable to use a dye-based polarizer with a support other than the liquid crystal cell. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of durability, it is preferable to place the dye-based polarizer on both the incident and output sides of the liquid crystal cell, and it is even preferable to place the polarizer surface of the dye-based polarizer on the liquid crystal cell side and the support surface on the light source side. The incident side of the liquid crystal cell is the light source side, and the opposite side is called the output side. 【0167】 Any known and suitable method can be used to drive the liquid crystal display device. For example, it is preferable to use an active matrix drive type in which liquid crystal is sealed between a transparent substrate on which electrodes and thin-film transistors are formed and a transparent substrate on which counter electrodes are formed. Light emitted from a light source such as a cold cathode lamp or white LED passes through a dye-based polarizing plate, then through a liquid crystal cell, a color filter, and another dye-based polarizing plate, and is projected onto the display screen. 【0168】 Furthermore, in recent years, OLEDs are increasingly being applied to applications requiring high durability, such as in-vehicle or indoor display devices. In OLEDs, a circular polarizer (a combination of a polarizer and a phase difference film) is sometimes placed on the viewing surface of the image display panel to suppress internal reflection phenomena, and the dye-based polarizer of the present invention can be used as the polarizer in this case. The phase difference film that can be combined with the dye-based polarizer can be, for example, only a λ / 4 film, or a configuration in which a λ / 2 film and a λ / 4 film are laminated, but is not limited to these and can be combined with known technologies. 【0169】 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. 【0170】<Preparation of polarizing films and polarizing plates> [Example A1] (Synthesis Example A1) Compound (I-1) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-251963 was synthesized by the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-251963. The structure is shown in the following formula (A1). 【0171】 (Preparation of polarizing films and polarizing plates) A ​​polyvinyl alcohol resin film (VF-PE#6000 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as "film") with a saponification degree of 99 mol% or more and a film thickness of 60 μm was immersed in 35°C hot water for 3 minutes to swell. The swollen film was immersed for 10 minutes in a 48°C aqueous solution consisting of 1.1 parts by weight of an azo compound represented by compound example A1, 1.5 parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 1500 parts by weight of water to contain the azo compound. The film containing the azo compound was washed with water, and after washing, it was immersed in a 40°C aqueous solution containing 2.7% by weight of boric acid for 1 minute. A crosslinking treatment was performed using acid. The film obtained by the crosslinking treatment was stretched to 6.0 times its original size while being crosslinked for 5 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 3.0% by weight of boric acid at 58°C. While maintaining the tension of the stretched film, it was washed with room temperature water for 10 seconds. The film obtained by the washing treatment was dried at 70°C for 3 minutes to obtain a polarizing film. By the above method, a polarizing film according to the present invention containing an azo compound having the structure of formulas (0) and (1) was prepared. On both sides of this polarizing film, an alkali-treated triacetylcellulose film with a thickness of 60 μm (TG-60UL manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation, hereinafter abbreviated as "TAC") was laminated as a transparent protective layer using a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, and then laminated to produce a polarizing plate according to the present invention having the configuration of TAC / adhesive layer / polarizing film / adhesive layer / TAC. This polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for Example A1. 【0172】 [Example A2] (Synthesis Example A2) The compound shown in formula (A2) below was synthesized by a general method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-5623, Japanese Patent No. 3378296, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-251963, etc. 【0173】(Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A2 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A2 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0174】 [Example A3] (Synthesis Example A3) Compound (3) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-218611 was synthesized by the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-156759. The structure is shown in the following formula (A3). 【0175】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A3 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A3 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0176】 [Example A4] (Synthesis Example A4) A compound was synthesized by adding an acetyl group to the compound of Example 38 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-156759 using the method described in Example 38 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-156759. The structure is shown in the following formula (A4). 【0177】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A4 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A4 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0178】 [Example A5] (Synthesis Example A5) Compound (18) described in International Publication No. 2007 / 145210 was synthesized by the method described in International Publication No. 2007 / 145210. The structure is shown in the following formula (A5). 【0179】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A5 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A5 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0180】[Example A6] (Synthesis Example A6) The compound shown in formula (A6) below was synthesized by a general method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-5623, Japanese Patent No. 3378296, and International Publication No. 2007 / 145210, etc. 【0181】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A6 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A6 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0182】 [Example A7] (Synthesis Example A7) Compound (No. 3) described in U.S. Publication No. 2005 / 0003109 was synthesized by the method described in U.S. Publication No. 2005 / 0003109. The structure is shown in the following formula (A7). 【0183】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A7 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A7 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0184】 [Example A8] (Synthesis Example A8) Compound (13) described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 was synthesized by the method described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392. The structure is shown in the following formula (A8). 【0185】 [Example A9] (Synthesis Example A9) A compound was synthesized by adding a methoxy group to compound (13) of International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 by the method described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392. The structure is shown in the following formula (A9). 【0186】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A9 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A9 was used instead of compound example A1 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0187】[Example A10] (Synthesis Example A10) A compound obtained by adding a methoxy group to the compound (4) of International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 was synthesized by the method described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392. The structure is shown in the following formula (A10). 【0188】 (Production of Polarizing Film and Polarizing Plate) A measurement sample of Example A10 was obtained in the same procedure as the production of the polarizing film and polarizing plate of Example 1, except that Compound Example A10 was used instead of Compound Example A1 used in the production of the polarizing film of Example 1. 【0189】 [Example A11] (Synthesis Example A11) The compound (14) described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 was synthesized by the method described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392. The structure is shown in the following formula (A11). 【0190】 (Production of Polarizing Film and Polarizing Plate) A measurement sample of Example A11 was obtained in the same procedure as the production of the polarizing film and polarizing plate of Example 1, except that Compound Example A11 was used instead of Compound Example A1 used in the production of the polarizing film of Example 1. 【0191】 [Example A12] (Synthesis Example A12 - Step 1) 253 parts of 4-aminobenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid available as a commercial product was added to 1000 parts of water, stirred and suspended, and the pH was adjusted to 9.0 using a 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Then, 173 parts of a 40% aqueous sodium nitrite solution was added thereto. The obtained aqueous solution was dropped into a mixed solution of 1000 parts of water and 420 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid to prepare a diazo solution. 107 parts of 3-methylaniline was added to the obtained diazo solution, and the pH was maintained at 1.5 - 4.0 with a 15% aqueous sodium carbonate solution and stirred for 8 hours to complete the coupling reaction. Then, after salting out with sodium chloride, filtration was performed to obtain 600 parts of a wet cake of a monoazo compound represented by the formula (A12-1). 【0192】(Synthesis Example A12 - Step 2) 600 parts of the wet cake of the monoazo compound represented by formula (A12-1) obtained were added to 1000 parts of water, stirred, and suspended. The pH was adjusted to 9.0 using a 25% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 87 parts of a 40% sodium nitrite aqueous solution were added. The resulting aqueous solution was added dropwise to a mixture of 500 parts of water and 210 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid to prepare a diazo solution. 54 parts of 3-methylaniline were added to the obtained diazo solution, and the mixture was stirred for 8 hours while maintaining the pH at 1.5-4.0 with a 15% sodium carbonate aqueous solution to complete the coupling reaction. After that, the mixture was salted out with sodium chloride and then filtered to obtain 300 parts of the wet cake of the disazo compound represented by formula (A12-2). 【0193】 (Synthesis Example A12 - Step 3) 300 parts of the wet cake of the disazo compound represented by formula (A12-2) obtained were added to 500 parts of water and stirred to suspend the compound. The pH was adjusted to 9.0 using a 25% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 44 parts of a 40% sodium nitrite aqueous solution were added thereto. The resulting aqueous solution was added dropwise to a mixture of 300 parts of water and 110 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid to prepare a diazo solution. 35 parts of 2,5-dimethoxyaniline were added to the obtained diazo solution, and the mixture was stirred for 8 hours while maintaining the pH at 1.5-4.0 with a 15% sodium carbonate aqueous solution to complete the coupling reaction. After that, the mixture was salted out with sodium chloride and then filtered to obtain 150 parts of the wet cake of the trisazo compound represented by formula (A12-3). 【0194】(Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) 150 parts of the wet cake of the trisazo compound represented by formula (A12-3) obtained were added to 500 parts of water and stirred to suspend. The pH was adjusted to 9.0 using a 25% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 22 parts of a 40% sodium nitrite aqueous solution were added. The resulting suspension was added dropwise to a mixture of 100 parts of water and 55 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid to prepare a diazo solution. Meanwhile, 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid were added to 300 parts of water and dissolved in a 25% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to make it weakly alkaline. The previously obtained diazo solution was added dropwise to this solution, maintaining the pH at 6.5 to 8.0, and stirred to complete the coupling reaction. After that, the mixture was salted out with sodium chloride and then filtered to obtain 200 parts of the wet cake of the tetrakisazo compound represented by formula (A12-4). 【0195】 (Synthesis Example A12 - Step 5) 200 parts of the wet cake of the tetrakisazo compound represented by formula (A12-4) obtained were added to 900 parts of water and stirred to suspend. 75 parts of 2-(methylamino)ethanol and 25 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate were added and the mixture was reacted at 90-98°C for 10 hours to complete the copperification reaction. After that, the mixture was salted out with sodium chloride, filtered, and dried to obtain 20 parts of the copper azo compound represented by formula (A12). 【0196】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A12 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A12 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0197】 [Example A13] (Synthesis Example A13) Except that 253 parts of 4-aminobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 1) in Example 12 were replaced with 383 parts of 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid, and 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 31.9 parts of 6-amino-1-naphthol-3,5-disulfonic acid, the same procedure as in Example 12 was followed to obtain 18 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A13). 【0198】(Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A13 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A13 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0199】 [Example A14] (Synthesis Example A14) Except that 253 parts of 4-aminobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 1) of Example 12 were replaced with 383 parts of 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid, and 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 25.3 parts of 7-methylamino-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid, the same procedure as in Example 12 was followed to obtain 17 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A14). 【0200】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A14 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A14 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0201】 [Example A15] (Synthesis Example A15) Except that the same procedure as in Example 1 was followed, 253 parts of 4-aminobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 1) of Example 12 were replaced with 181 parts of 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 107 parts of 3-methylaniline (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 1) of Example 12 were replaced with 243 parts of 5-methyl-2-(3-sulfopropoxy)aniline, 54 parts of 3-methylaniline (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 2) of Example 12 were replaced with 61 parts of 2,5-dimethylaniline, and 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 31.9 parts of 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid, 17 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A15) were obtained. 【0202】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A15 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A15 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0203】[Example A16] (Synthesis Example A16) The same procedure as in Example 12 was followed, except that 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 31.9 parts of 7-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid, to obtain 20 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A16). 【0204】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A16 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A16 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0205】 [Example A17] (Synthesis Example A17) Except that 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (from Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 31.9 parts of 8-amino-1-naphthol-5,7-disulfonic acid, the same procedure as in Example 12 was followed to obtain 18 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A17). 【0206】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A17 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A17 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0207】 [Example A18] (Synthesis Example A18) Except that 30.4 parts of 1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid in Example 12 (Synthesis Example A12 - Step 4) were replaced with 23.9 parts of 7-amino-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid, 18 parts of a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (A18) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 12. 【0208】 (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Example A18 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound example A18 was used instead of compound example A11 which was used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0209】[Comparative Example a1] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a1 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound (I-16) described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-251962 (structure shown in formula (a1) below) was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0210】 [Comparative Example a2] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a2 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that commercially available C. I. Direct Blue 273 (structure shown in formula (a2) below) was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0211】 [Comparative Example a3] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a3 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that the compound described in Example 3 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-145255 (structure shown in the following formula (a3)) was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0212】 [Comparative Example a4] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a4 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that the compound described in Compound (5) of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-218611 (whose structure is shown in the following formula (a4)) was used instead of Compound Example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0213】 [Comparative Example a5] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a5 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that a compound (structure shown in formula (a5) below) was used, in which the "methoxy group" of the compound described in Compound (18) of International Publication No. 2007 / 145210 was replaced with a "methyl group" instead of Compound Example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0214】[Comparative Example a6] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a6 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that a positional isomer of the "phenylamino group" of the compound described in compound (20) of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 05-295281 (the structure is shown in the following formula (a6)) was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0215】 [Comparative Example a7] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Comparative Example a7 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that the compound described in (Compound Example 1) of International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 (structure shown in formula (a7) below) was used instead of Compound Example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0216】 [Comparative Example a8] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) The measurement sample for Comparative Example a8 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that Compound Example 17 (structure shown in formula (a8) below) described in International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 was used instead of Compound Example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0217】 [Comparative Example a9] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a9 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound (11) described in Example 3 of International Publication No. 2020 / 137705 (structure shown in formula (a9) below) was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0218】 [Comparative Example a10] (Preparation of polarizing film) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a10 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that tungsten cesium oxide (CWO) (manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.) described in (absorbent C) of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-204083 was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0219】[Comparative Example a11] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a11 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that FDN001 (manufactured by Yamada Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), described in (absorbent B) of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-204083, was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0220】 [Comparative Example a12] (Preparation of polarizing film) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a12 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound V-C1 (generic name cryptocyanine) (structure shown in the following formula (a12)), which is commercially available and described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-192095, was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0221】 [Comparative Example a13] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A measurement sample for Comparative Example a13 was obtained using the same procedure as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, except that compound V-A1 (structure shown in the following formula (a13)), described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-192095, which can be synthesized with reference to Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-034177, was used instead of compound example A1 used in the preparation of the polarizing film in Example 1. 【0222】[Example B1] (Preparation of polarizing film and polarizing plate) A polyvinyl alcohol resin film (VF-PE#6000 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.; hereinafter simply referred to as "film") with a saponification degree of 99 mol% or more and a film thickness of 60 μm was immersed in 35°C warm water for 3 minutes to swell. The swollen film was immersed for 10 minutes in a 48°C aqueous solution consisting of 0.6 parts by weight of the azo compound represented by formula (A9) used in Example A9, 0.3 parts by weight of the azo compound represented by formula (B1-2), 0.2 parts by weight of the azo compound represented by formula (B1-3), 1.5 parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5 parts by weight of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 1500 parts by weight of water to contain the azo compounds. The film containing the azo compounds was washed with water, and after washing, it was crosslinked with boric acid in a 40°C aqueous solution containing 2.7% by weight of boric acid for 1 minute. The film obtained by crosslinking was stretched to 6.0 times its original size while being crosslinked for 5 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 3.0% by weight of boric acid at 58°C. While maintaining the tension of the stretched film, it was washed with room temperature water for 10 seconds. The film obtained after washing was immediately dried at 70°C for 3 minutes to obtain a polarizing film. By the above method, a polarizing film according to the present invention containing an azo compound having the structure of formulas (0) and (1) was prepared. On both sides of this polarizing film, an alkali-treated triacetylcellulose film with a thickness of 60 μm (TG-60UL manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation, hereinafter abbreviated as "TAC") was laminated as a transparent protective layer using a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, and then laminated to produce a polarizing plate according to the present invention having the configuration of TAC / adhesive layer / polarizing film / adhesive layer / TAC. The obtained polarizing plate maintained the optical performance of the above polarizing film, in particular the transmittance, hue, and polarization degree. This polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for Example B1. 【0223】 [Example B2] Except for changing compound A9 used in Example B1 to compound A15, the polarizing film and polarizing plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example B1, and this polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for Example B2. 【0224】[Comparative Example b1] Except for using the compound used in Example 18 of International Publication No. 2016 / 186183 for the polarizing film, a comparative example b1 was prepared using the same method as for the preparation of the polarizing film and polarizing plate in Example 1, and this polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for b1. Three types of dichroic dye compounds were used, consisting of the compounds of formulas (B1-2), (B1-3), and (b1-4) shown below. 【0225】 [Comparative Example b2] Except for using the compound used in Example B12 of International Publication No. 2019 / 117123 for the polarizing film, a polarizing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and this polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for b2. Four types of dichroic dye compounds were used, consisting of the compounds of the following formulas (b2-1), (b2-2), (b2-3), and (b2-4). 【0226】 [Comparative Example b3] Except for using the compound used in Example B13 of International Publication No. 2019 / 117123 for the polarizing film, a polarizing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and this polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for b3. Four types of dichroic dye compounds were used, consisting of the compounds of formulas (b2-1), (b2-2), (b2-4), and (B1-3) above. 【0227】 [Comparative Example b4] Except for using the compound used in Example 18 of International Publication No. 2017 / 135392 for the polarizing film, a polarizing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and this polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for b4. The dichroic dye compound used consists of four compounds: formula (a7) used in Comparative Example a7, formula (b2-4) above, and formulas (b4-2) and (b4-3) below. 【0228】[Comparative Example b5] In order to compare with International Publication No. 2021 / 246437, a polarizing film and polarizing plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound of formula (B1-1) in Example 1 was replaced with the compound of formula (a9) used in Comparative Example a9. This polarizing plate was used as the measurement sample for b5. There were four types of dichroic dye compounds used, consisting of the compounds of formulas (a9), (B1-2), (B1-3), and (b1-4) described above. 【0229】 [Example C1] The measurement sample prepared in Example A9 was bonded to the measurement sample of Comparative Example b1 using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive so that their respective stretch axis directions were parallel, and this was used to obtain the measurement sample of Example C1. 【0230】 [Example C2] The sample to be attached to the measurement material of Comparative Example b1 in Example C1 was changed from the sample of Example A9 to the sample of Example A15, but otherwise it was prepared in the same manner as in Example C1, and this was used as the measurement sample for Example C2. 【0231】 <Evaluation> The measurement samples obtained in each example and comparative example were evaluated as follows. 【0232】 <Parallel Polarization Transmittance Ky, Orthogonal Polarization Transmittance Kz> The parallel polarization transmittance (Ky) and orthogonal polarization transmittance (Kz) of each sample were measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Corporation UH-4150). Here, Ky is the transmittance when the absorption axis of the absolute polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizing film and polarizing plate are superimposed in parallel, and Kz is the transmittance when the absorption axis of the absolute polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and polarizing film are superimposed in orthogonal. The parallel polarization transmittances Ky and Kz for each wavelength were measured in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, at wavelength intervals of 1 nm to 10 nm. 【0233】<Single-piece transmittance Ts, parallel-position transmittance Tp, and orthogonal-position transmittance Tc> Single-piece transmittance Ts is the spectral transmittance at each wavelength when the measurement sample is measured with a single sample. Parallel-position transmittance Tp is the spectral transmittance at each wavelength when two measurement samples are superimposed so that their absorption axes are parallel. Orthogonal-position transmittance Tc is the spectral transmittance when two polarizers are superimposed so that their absorption axes are orthogonal. Using the Ky and Kz values ​​obtained from the measurements in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, various transmittances in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm were calculated using the following formulas (I) to (III). 【0234】 <Perceptual Sensitivity Corrected Single-Element Transmittance Ys, Perceptual Sensitivity Corrected Parallel-Element Transmittance Yp, and Perceptual Sensitivity Corrected Orthogonal-Element Transmittance Yc> The perceptual sensitivity corrected single-element transmittance Ys, perceptual sensitivity corrected parallel-element transmittance Yp, and perceptual sensitivity corrected orthogonal-Element transmittance Yc are the transmittances corrected for luminous sensitivity according to JIS Z 8722:2009 for each of the single-element transmittance Ts, parallel-element transmittance Tp, and orthogonal-element transmittance Tc, which are obtained at predetermined wavelength intervals dλ in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Specifically, the single-element transmittance Ts, parallel-element transmittance Tp, and orthogonal-element transmittance Tc were calculated by substituting them into the following formulas. In the formulas below, Pλ represents the spectral distribution of the standard light (C light source), and yλ represents the 2-degree field-of-view color matching function. When setting the wavelength range, it is necessary to set the spectral distribution and color matching function of the standard light used to the same wavelength range. 【0235】 Formulas (IV) to (VI) are used to calculate various transmittances (Ys, Yp, Yc) when the wavelength range is set to 380 nm to 780 nm. 【0236】 In the present invention, the single-element transmittance (Ys) after luminous efficiency correction in the 380 nm to 750 nm range is not particularly limited, but its lower limit is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 40.5% or more, and even more preferably 40.7% or more. In the present invention, the upper limit of Ys is not particularly limited, but in one embodiment it is 80% or less, less than 80%, 70% or less, 60% or less, or 50% or less. 【0237】<Degree of polarization ρ, degree of polarization ρy after luminous efficiency correction> For each measurement sample, the degree of polarization ρ and the degree of polarization ρy after luminous efficiency correction were determined using the following formulas. 【0238】 <Evaluation of Light-Blocking Performance> To evaluate the light-blocking performance against long-wavelength light, commercially available bullet-shaped light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 700 nm and 730 nm were prepared, and the luminous intensity of each LED was measured. Luminous intensity was confirmed up to 780 nm. When the luminous intensity at the maximum emission wavelength of the LED with a peak wavelength of approximately 730 nm was converted to 100, the luminous intensity at 750 nm was approximately 80, confirming that the LED used emits light up to the long-wavelength side. Similar measurements were performed with the LED with a peak wavelength of 700 nm, and the normalized luminous intensity of each is shown in Figure 1. In a dark room, a current of 20 mA was passed through each LED to make it emit light, and a polarizing plate was held approximately 5 cm above the LED in an orthogonal position, and the degree of light-blocking was observed visually. 【0239】 Table 1 shows the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), orthogonal transmittance at 700 nm (Tc@700 nm), orthogonal transmittance at 750 nm (Tc@750 nm), and the results of the light-shielding performance evaluation using LEDs with peak wavelengths at 700 nm and 730 nm for the measurement samples of Examples A1 to A18 and Comparative Examples a1 to a13. Here, three persons skilled in the art evaluated the light-shielding performance and obtained a unified opinion of "○: light is completely invisible", "△: light is almost invisible", or "×: light is visible". 【0240】 In all example samples, 700 nm and 730 nm LED light could be blocked. On the other hand, in comparative examples a1 to a9, only a4 and a7 were confirmed to block 700 nm LED light, but 730 nm LED light could not be blocked. Furthermore, in comparative example a9, which used a dichroic dye for near-infrared polarizers, 730 nm LED light could be blocked, but because the λmax was 823 nm, which is too long compared to the dichroic dye for visible light, 700 nm LED light could not be blocked. In addition, in comparative examples a10 to a13, the polyvinyl alcohol resin was not dyed, so it was not possible to create a polarizing film and therefore evaluation could not be performed. 【0241】 Next, Table 2 shows the single-element transmittance (Ts@λmax) at the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), and the parallel-aligned transmittance (Tp@700nm), orthogonal-aligned transmittance (Tc@700nm), and polarization degree (ρ@700nm) at 700nm for the measurement samples of Examples A1 to A18 and Comparative Examples a1 to a9. 【0242】 Furthermore, in Table 3, the single-element transmittance (Ts@λmax) at the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) for the measurement samples of Examples A1 to A18 and Comparative Examples a1 to a9, the parallel-position transmittance (Tp@750nm) and orthogonal-position transmittance (Tc@750nm) at 750nm, the degree of polarization (ρ@750nm), and the average degree of polarization from 700nm to 750nm were calculated and recorded as the average degree of polarization (Aveρ). 【0243】 【0244】 【0245】 Table 2 shows that in all examples, when the single-component transmittance Ts was between 40% and 44%, the polarization degree ρ at 700 nm was 99.0% or higher, and it was clear that the polarization degree was higher than that of any of the comparative examples except for comparative example a7. 【0246】 Table 3 shows that in all examples, when the single-layer transmittance Ts was 40-44%, the average polarization degree (Aveρ) in the 700nm-750nm range was 92.0% or higher. Furthermore, in Table 2, Comparative Example a7, which had a high polarization degree of 99.1% at 700nm, had a low polarization degree of 61.1% at 750nm. Moreover, the Aveρ (700-750nm) values ​​for each example were higher than those of any of the comparative examples, suggesting that if the polarization degree (ρ) at 750nm is 70% or higher, and the average polarization degree (Aveρ) in the 700-750nm range is 90% or higher, then suitable polarizing films and polarizing plates for blocking light at 700nm and 730nm can be obtained, as shown in Table 1. 【0247】Furthermore, as shown in Comparative Example a9, when a water-soluble near-infrared dichroic dye is used, although there is a certain light-shielding effect in the 700 nm to 750 nm range, its polarization performance is not very good, resulting in a parallel transmittance (Tp) at 750 nm of 33.82%, which is lower than in each example. As a result, the degree of polarization is poor, and the display quality as a display device cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is clear that polarizing films and polarizing plates having a parallel transmittance (Tp) of 35% or more and an orthogonal transmittance (Tc) of 15% or less at 750 nm, as in Examples A1 to A18, are more desirable. 【0248】 Furthermore, it is generally believed that a larger number of azo groups leads to a longer conjugated system, making it easier for absorption to shift to longer wavelengths. However, since Examples A1 and A2, which are copper disazo dyes, performed better in the 700 nm to 750 nm range than Comparative Example a7, which is a copper tetrakiss azo dye, it was suggested that simply lengthening the azo group and copperizing it does not improve polarization performance on the longer wavelength side. Moreover, as shown in Example 11, even if the "para position of the oxygen atom of the benzene ring to which copper is coordinated" is a methyl group, it is not essential to use copper compounds represented by the above formulas (0), (1), etc., which have an alkoxy group (methoxy group) at a specific position, it is possible to maintain polarization performance up to the longer wavelength side, thus demonstrating a higher effectiveness in preventing color fading. 【0249】 Table 4 then shows the luminous efficiency-corrected single-element transmittance (Ys), parallel-element transmittance (Yp), orthogonal-element transmittance (Yc), and polarization degree (ρy), orthogonal-element transmittance (Tc@700nm), orthogonal-element transmittance (Tc@750nm), as well as the results of light-shielding performance evaluation using LEDs with peak wavelengths at 700nm and 730nm, for the measurement samples of Examples B1-B2 and Comparative Examples b1-b5, which were formulated with other dichroic dyes. Here, regarding light-shielding performance, three persons skilled in the art conducted evaluations and obtained a unified opinion of "○: light is completely invisible", "△: light is almost invisible", or "×: light is visible". 【0250】Table 5 also shows the parallel transmittance (Tp@700nm), orthogonal transmittance (Tc@700nm), and polarization degree (ρ@700nm) at 700nm for the measurement samples of Examples B1-B2 and Comparative Examples b1-b5, as well as the parallel transmittance (Tp@750nm), orthogonal transmittance (Tc@750nm), and polarization degree (ρ@750nm) at 750nm. 【0251】 【0252】 Table 4 shows that while the polarization degree (ρy) after luminous efficiency correction, set at 380 nm to 780 nm, was high for Examples B1 to B2 and each comparative example, the light-shielding performance evaluation showed that neither or both LEDs in the comparative examples could block light. 【0253】 Furthermore, as is clear from the results of the LEDs in Examples B1 to B2 and each comparative example in Tables 4 and 5, if the single-unit transmittance (Ys) after luminous efficiency correction in the 380 nm to 780 nm range is 40% or more, the degree of polarization (ρy) after luminous efficiency correction is 99% or more, and the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) at 700 nm and 750 nm is 1% or less, then a polarizing film and polarizing plate suitable for blocking light at 700 nm and 730 nm can be obtained. 【0254】 Specifically, in Comparative Example b1, which did not contain the copper dye responsible for long wavelengths as shown in Table 5, the polarization degree at 700 nm was high, but the polarization degree at 750 nm was low. On the other hand, Comparative Examples b2 and b3, which used the water-soluble near-infrared copper dichroic dye (formula b2-1 above), had a low polarization degree to begin with, so although the polarization degree at 750 nm was slightly higher than that of Comparative Example b1, it was overwhelmingly lower than that of Examples B1 and B2. Similarly, in Comparative Example b5, which used the water-soluble near-infrared dichroic dye (formula a9 above), the polarization degree at 750 nm was relatively good, but it was not as good as that of the Examples. Furthermore, in Comparative Example b4, which used the copper tetrakisazo compound (formula a7 above), the polarization degree at 700 nm was 99% or higher, which was a relatively good result. However, it was clear that simply having a large number of azo compounds resulted in a lower polarization degree at 750 nm when the wavelength was short, suggesting that it is more effective to use specific copper azo compounds to increase the polarization degree at long wavelengths beyond 700 nm. 【0255】 Table 6 shows the results of the light-shielding performance evaluation using LEDs with peak wavelengths of 700 nm and 730 nm for Examples C1-C2 and Comparative Example b1. Three persons skilled in the art evaluated the light-shielding performance and reached a unified opinion using the following criteria: "○: Light is completely invisible," "△: Light is almost invisible," or "×: Light is visible." 【0256】 Example C1 is a measurement sample in which the measurement sample from Example A9 is bonded to the measurement sample from Comparative Example b1 via a water-based adhesive so that their stretching directions are parallel, resulting in a laminated sample of two polarizing plates. It was found that the degree of polarization (ρy) after luminous efficiency correction, set to 380 nm to 780 nm, remained unchanged compared to the original Comparative Example b1. In other words, it became clear that even with lamination, it is possible to suppress light leakage while maintaining high polarization performance in the visible light region. 【0257】 The results from Tables 1 to 6 show that if a polarizing film containing a copper azo compound in a hydrophilic polymer film has a polarization degree (ρ) of 70% or more at 750 nm and an average polarization degree (Aveρ) of 90% or more in the 700-750 nm range, then even polarizing films and polarizers made solely from the copper azo compound can suppress light leakage on the long-wave side. Furthermore, polarizing films and polarizers made by mixing with other dichroic dyes can maintain high polarization performance across the entire visible light range from 380 nm to 780 nm while ensuring absorption on the long-wave side. Moreover, it was found that lamination to other polarizers does not affect the polarization degree in the visible range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and has the effect of imparting absorption bands and polarization performance on the long-wavelength side. 【0258】 Furthermore, the emission spectra of the 700nm and 730nm LEDs shown in Figure 1 reveal a wide bandwidth (full width at half maximum), adequately covering the 700-780nm region. The ability to block these wavelengths of light indicates that light leakage from LED backlights in liquid crystal displays and reddish tinting caused by insufficient anti-reflective properties in organic EL displays in the 700-780nm range can be sufficiently suppressed. 【0259】Next, the polarizers of Examples A9 and B1, and a general iodine-based polarizer (JET-12PUL2S-HC, Ys 41.07%, ρy 99.99%) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., were compared for optical durability after 500 hours under ambient temperature of 105°C, and under ambient temperature of 85°C and 85% RH (relative humidity). The heat resistance test results at 105°C are shown in Table 7, and the humid heat resistance test results at 85°C and 85% RH are shown in Table 8. The change in polarization degree (Δρ) after 500 hours in Tables 7 and 8 was calculated using the following formula. 【0260】 As shown in Tables 7 and 8, the polarizing plates of Examples A9 and B1 showed almost no decrease in polarization degree at 700 nm and 750 nm even after 500 hours of testing at an ambient temperature of 105°C and an ambient temperature of 85°C with a relative humidity of 85%, demonstrating long-term optical durability even under high temperature and high humidity conditions. In contrast, after 500 hours of testing at an ambient temperature of 105°C for Comparative Example D1, the polarization degree decreased significantly, which was found to lead to a significant decrease in display quality due to light loss on the longer wavelength side. Furthermore, after 500 hours of testing at an ambient temperature of 85°C with a relative humidity of 85%, Comparative Example D1 was severely discolored and lost its polarization function across the entire visible light spectrum, making it unsuitable for applications requiring high optical durability. 【0261】 <Evaluation of the Color of Reflected Light> Furthermore, circular polarizers for Examples E1 to E4 and Comparative Example e1 were fabricated by laminating a general λ / 4 film (WA-140T manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., with an in-plane phase difference of 145 nm at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm) to the polarizers of Examples B1 to B2, C1 to C2, and Comparative Example b1, such that the relationship angle between the absorption axis of each polarizer and the slow axis of the λ / 4 film was 45°. These circular polarizers were placed on a commercially available mirror in the order of λ / 4 film followed by polarizer, and the color of the reflected light from a white LED used for indoor lighting (manufactured by Nichia Corporation, model number: NFSW757H-V2H6, color temperature 5000 Kelvin) was evaluated. 【0262】Table 9 shows the results of the color evaluation of reflected light for Examples E1 to E4 and Comparative Example e1. Three persons skilled in the art evaluated the color of the reflected light and reached a unified opinion: "○: No redness is detected" or "×: The redness is too strong and unsuitable for practical use." 【0263】 As shown in Table 9, the color of the reflected light passing through the circular polarizers of Examples E1 to E4 was a deep black with no reddish tint. On the other hand, the circular polarizer of Comparative Example e1 showed a strong reddish tint in the reflected light, indicating that it is not suitable for use in preventing internal reflections in OLEDs. 【0264】 The present invention makes it possible to provide a polarizing film, etc., that does not leak red light in the 700-750 nm region. In one embodiment, it is possible to provide a polarizing film, etc., that does not have a reddish tint in reflected light. Furthermore, as a particularly preferred application of the polarizing plate of the present invention, the polarizing film or polarizing plate of the present invention can also provide a high degree of polarization in the visible light region, especially in the wavelength region of 380-780 nm. The present invention can provide a polarizing film, polarizing plate, and optical components, etc., that have optical properties equivalent to or better than those of conventional products, and can be used in liquid crystal projectors, calculators, watches, laptop computers, word processors, liquid crystal televisions, polarizing lenses, polarizing glasses, head-up displays, car navigation systems, OLEDs, and display devices used in indoor and outdoor measuring instruments and displays, or similar optical devices. As part of the present invention, a display device equipped with a polarizing film or a polarizing plate of the present invention is one embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the polarizing plate of the present invention can also provide high optical durability, without a decrease in the degree of polarization and contrast even in an environment of 85°C with an ambient temperature of 105°C or a relative humidity of 85%. Due to its high optical durability, this display can be suitably used in applications requiring not only high contrast but also heat resistance, humidity resistance, and light resistance, such as in-car displays, liquid crystal projectors, head-up displays, and outdoor displays.

Claims

A polarizing film containing a hydrophilic polymer film and a copper azo compound or a salt thereof, wherein the hydrophilic polymer film contains the copper azo compound or a salt thereof, and the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 70% or more, and the average degree of polarization (Aveρ) at 700 to 750 nm is 90% or more. 　 The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the parallel transmittance (Tp) at 750 nm is 35% or more, and the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) is 15% or less. 　 The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the single-layer transmittance (Ys) after luminous efficiency correction in the 380 nm to 780 nm range is 40% or more, the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) at 750 nm is 1.0% or less, and the degree of polarization (ρ) at 750 nm is 90% or more. The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the maximum absorption wavelength of the copper azo compound or salt thereof is 642 nm or greater. The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (0) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof. (In formula (0), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, X １ Q represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted naphthylamino group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group, or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group. １ ~Q ２ and R １ ~R ５ Each of these independently represents an arbitrary substituent, where s represents 0 or 1, t represents 0 or 1, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. 　 In the above formula (0), when both s and t are 0, or when only one of s and t is 0, R ５ The polarizing film according to claim 5, wherein is a methoxy group. The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: (In formula (1), X １ represents an amino group which may have a substituent, a phenylamino group which may have a substituent, a naphthylamino group which may have a substituent, a benzoylamino group which may have a substituent, or a naphthotriazole group which may have a substituent, Q １ to Q ２ and R １ to R ４ each independently represent an arbitrary substituent, s represents 0 or 1, t represents 0 or 1, and m represents an integer of 0 to 3). 　 The polarizing film according to claim 5, wherein in the compound represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof, at least one of s or t is 1. In formula (1), R １ ~R ４ Each of them independently forms a hydrogen atom, C １ -C ４ Alkyl alkyl group, C １ -C ４ C having an alkoxy group and a sulfo group １ -C ４ A polarizing film according to claim 5, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups. The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (J1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: (In formula (J1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the '' and '' independently represents an arbitrary substituent, and m represents an integer between 0 and 3). The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (H1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: (In formula (H1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. 　 The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (S1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: (In formula (S1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent: m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and n represents 1 or 2. The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a copper azo compound represented by the following formula (R1) or a salt thereof as the copper azo compound or a salt thereof: (In formula (R1), A represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, Q １ Q ２ , Z, and R １ ~R ５ Each of the following independently represents an arbitrary substituent, m represents an integer from 0 to 3, and p represents 0 or 1. 　 The polarizing film according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic polymer film is a film made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin. 　 A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing film according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a transparent protective layer is provided on one or both sides of the polarizing film. 　 The polarizing plate according to claim 15, further comprising a phase difference film. 　 A display device comprising a polarizing plate according to claim 15. 　 A display device comprising a polarizing plate as described in claim 16.

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