Non-motorized treadmill with engageable resistance system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a non-motorized treadmill system comprising a treadmill endless running belt, a resistance system configured to provide resistance to belt movement, and a control mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance system with the belt. The control mechanism allows switching between a resistance mode where the resistance system provides resistance to belt movement and a free-wheeling mode where the belt moves without resistance. The control mechanism comprises a front roller shaft operatively connected to the belt, a resistance layshaft operatively connected to the resistance system, and a selective coupling mechanism configured to selectively couple and decouple the front roller shaft from the resistance layshaft. The selective coupling mechanism includes an engage / disengage V-belt and a V-belt tension roller configured to selectively apply and release tension on the V-belt.

Description

NON-MOTORIZED TREADMILL WITH ENGAGEABLE RESISTANCE SYSTEM CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.63 / 736,594, filed on 19 December 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth below.FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to exercise equipment and resistance systems, and more particularly to a non-motorized treadmill with a selectable engagement and disengagement mechanism for coupling a resistance turbine system to the treadmill belt.BACKGROUND

[0003] Exercise equipment has evolved to include various types of treadmills designed to provide cardiovascular and strength training benefits. Non-motorized treadmills, also known as manual or self-powered treadmills, operate without electric motors and rely on the user's movement to drive the belt. These systems typically feature curved running surfaces or flat belts with resistance mechanisms to create the necessary friction for belt movement. Current non-motorized treadmill designs incorporate different resistance systems, including magnetic brakes, friction-based mechanisms, and fluid dynamics systems such as air displacement turbines or fans that create resistance through air movement.

[0004] Existing resistance systems in non-motorized treadmills present several limitations that affect user experience and exercise versatility. Many current systems provide fixed resistance levels that cannot be easily adjusted during exercise, forcing users to work against constant resistance loads regardless of their training goals. This limitation prevents users from switching between different exercise modes, such as transitioning from resistance-loaded sled-style training to free -running cardiovascular exercise. Additionally, present systems often lack the ability to provide directional resistance control, where resistance engagement may be desired for certain movement directions while allowing free movement in others. These deficiencies restrict the functional versatility of non-motorized treadmills and limit their application across different training methodologies.1322820551V1

[0005] What is needed, therefore, is an improved non- motorized treadmill system that provides user-controlled engagement and disengagement of resistance mechanisms. Such a system would allow users to selectively couple or decouple resistance elements from the treadmill belt movement, enabling seamless transitions between resistance-loaded exercise and freewheeling movement modes during operation.SUMMARY

[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0007] A non-motorized treadmill system can include a treadmill endless running belt. The system can include a resistance system configured to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt. The system can include a control mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance system with the treadmill endless running belt, wherein the control mechanism allows a user to switch between a resistance mode where the resistance system provides resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt and a free-wheeling mode where the treadmill endless running belt moves without resistance from the resistance system.

[0008] A resistance system for a non-motorized treadmill can include a resistance mechanism configured to provide resistance. The system can include an engagement mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance mechanism with a treadmill belt of the non-motorized treadmill, wherein the engagement mechanism enables switching between an engaged state where the resistance mechanism provides resistance to movement of the treadmill belt and a disengaged state where the treadmill belt moves without resistance from the resistance mechanism.

[0009] A method of operating a non-motorized treadmill system can include providing a nonmotorized treadmill having a treadmill belt and a resistance system. The method can include selectively engaging the resistance system with the treadmill belt to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill belt during a first mode of operation. The method can include selectively disengaging the resistance system from the treadmill belt to allow free movement of the treadmill belt without resistance during a second mode of operation.2322820551V1

[0010] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure and are not restrictive.

[0011] These and other aspects of the present disclosure are described in the Detailed Description below and the accompanying drawings. Other aspects and features of embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the following description of specific, exemplary embodiments in concert with the drawings. While features of the present disclosure may be discussed relative to certain embodiments and figures, all embodiments of the present disclosure can include one or more of the features discussed herein. Further, while one or more embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used with the various embodiments discussed herein. In similar fashion, while exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as device, system, or method embodiments, it is to be understood that such exemplary embodiments can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0012] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the disclosure will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the disclosure, specific embodiments are shown in the drawings. It should be understood, however, that the disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities of the embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a non-motorized treadmill with an engageable resistance system having a treadmill endless running belt and resistance turbine system, according to examples of the disclosed technology.

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates the non-motorized treadmill of FIG. 1 having running belt pulleys and an engage / disengage pinion pulley, according to examples of the disclosed technology.

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of the non-motorized treadmill of FIG. 1, according to examples of the disclosed technology.

[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the non-motorized treadmill of FIG. 1 having a primary turbine drive pulley, according to examples of the disclosed technology.3322820551V1DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Although preferred exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are explained in detail, it is to be understood that other exemplary embodiments are contemplated. Accordingly, it is not intended that the disclosure is limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosure is capable of other exemplary embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, in describing the preferred exemplary embodiments, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity.

[0018] To facilitate an understanding of the principles and features of the present disclosure, various illustrative embodiments are explained below. The components, steps, and materials described hereinafter as making up various elements of the embodiments disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable components, steps, and materials that would perform the same or similar functions as the components, steps, and materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the disclosure. Such other components, steps, and materials not described herein can include, but are not limited to, similar components or steps that are developed after development of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0019] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0020] Also, in describing the preferred exemplary embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.

[0021] Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and / or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another exemplary embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value.

[0022] Similarly, as used herein, “substantially free” of something, or “substantially pure”, and like characterizations, can include both being “at least substantially free” of something, or “at least substantially pure”, and being “completely free” of something, or “completely pure”.

[0023] By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” is meant that at least the named compound, member, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even 4322820551V1if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named.

[0024] Mention of one or more method steps does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Similarly, it is also to be understood that the mention of one or more components in a device or system does not preclude the presence of additional components or intervening components between those components expressly identified.

[0025] The materials described as making up the various members of the invention are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable materials that would perform the same or a similar function as the materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the invention. Such other materials not described herein can include, but are not limited to, for example, materials that are developed after the time of the development of the invention.

[0026] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the disclosed technology, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and disclosed herein. Wherever convenient, the same references numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

[0027] Referring to FIG. 1, a non-motorized treadmill system may include a treadmill endless running belt 1, a resistance system, and a control mechanism. The treadmill endless running belt 1 may be configured to support a user during exercise activities such as walking, running, or sled-style movements. The resistance system may be configured to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1, and may include a resistance turbine system 13 that creates resistance through fluid displacement mechanisms.

[0028] The control mechanism may be configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance system with the treadmill endless running belt 1. In some cases, the control mechanism allows a user to switch between a resistance mode where the resistance system provides resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1 and a free-wheeling mode where the treadmill endless running belt 1 moves without resistance from the resistance system. This selective engagement capability may enable users to perform different types of exercises on the same equipment without requiring separate machines.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 1, the control mechanism may include a front roller shaft 3 that may be operatively connected to the treadmill endless running belt 1. A front roller 5322820551V1engage / disengage pulley 4 may be mounted on the front roller shaft 3 to facilitate power transmission. The control mechanism may further include a resistance layshaft 8 that may be operatively connected to the resistance turbine system 13 through a secondary turbine drive belt 12.

[0030] The selective coupling between the front roller shaft 3 and the resistance layshaft 8 may be achieved through an engage / disengage V-belt 5 that connects the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 to the resistance layshaft 8. A V-belt tension roller 6 may be positioned to selectively apply and release tension on the engage / disengage V-belt 5, thereby controlling the coupling between the front roller shaft 3 and the resistance layshaft 8.

[0031] With continued reference to FIG. 1, an engage / disengage handle 14 may be operatively connected to the V-belt tension roller 6 to provide user control over the engagement state. When the engage / disengage handle 14 is actuated to an engaged position, the V-belt tension roller 6 may apply tension to the engage / disengage V-belt 5, creating a positive drive connection that transmits rotational motion from the treadmill endless running belt 1 to the resistance turbine system 13. Conversely, when the engage / disengage handle 14 is actuated to a disengaged position, the V-belt tension roller 6 may release tension from the engage / disengage V-belt 5, allowing the treadmill endless running belt 1 to rotate freely without resistance from the resistance turbine system 13.

[0032] The resistance system for the non-motorized treadmill may include a resistance mechanism configured to provide resistance and an engagement mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance mechanism with the treadmill endless running belt 1. The engagement mechanism may enable switching between an engaged state where the resistance mechanism provides resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1 and a disengaged state where the treadmill endless running belt 1 moves without resistance from the resistance mechanism. In some cases, this switching capability may be performed during operation without stopping movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1, providing enhanced flexibility for exercise routines.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 2, the treadmill endless running belt 1 may be supported by running belt pulleys 2 that facilitate smooth rotation and movement of the belt system. The running belt pulleys 2 may be positioned to guide and support the treadmill endless running belt 1 as the belt moves in response to user activity. In some cases, the treadmill endless running belt 1 may6322820551V1operate as a self-propelled system that moves without requiring an electric motor, instead responding directly to the user's walking, running, or other exercise movements.

[0034] The structure of the treadmill endless running belt 1 may be configured to provide a continuous loop that rotates around the front roller shaft 3 and additional support structures. As shown in FIG. 2, the running belt pulleys 2 may maintain proper belt tension and alignment during operation, allowing the treadmill endless running belt 1 to move smoothly in both forward and rearward directions depending on user movement patterns.

[0035] With reference to FIG. 3, the treadmill endless running belt 1 may be configured to enable sled-style exercise when the resistance system is engaged. In some cases, when the resistance turbine system 13 is engaged through the control mechanism, the treadmill endless running belt 1 may provide substantial resistance that simulates pushing or pulling a weighted sled. This configuration may allow users to perform high-intensity training exercises that would typically require separate sled equipment.

[0036] The self-propelled nature of the treadmill endless running belt 1 may enable the belt to respond immediately to changes in user movement speed and direction. When a user increases their pace, the treadmill endless running belt 1 may move faster accordingly, and when the user slows down, the belt movement may decrease correspondingly. This responsive behavior may be achieved without electronic controls or motorized assistance, relying instead on the mechanical coupling between user movement and belt rotation through the front roller shaft 3 and associated components.

[0037] The front roller shaft 3 may serve as a primary mechanical interface between the treadmill endless running belt 1 and the resistance system components. In some cases, the front roller shaft 3 may be operatively connected to the treadmill endless running belt 1 through a direct mechanical coupling that enables rotational motion of the shaft to correspond directly with movement of the belt. The operative connection between the front roller shaft 3 and the treadmill endless running belt 1 may be configured such that when a user moves on the belt, the resulting belt motion causes corresponding rotation of the front roller shaft 3.

[0038] The front roller shaft 3 may be constructed from materials suitable for bearing rotational loads and transmitting mechanical power, such as steel or other durable metals. In some cases, the front roller shaft 3 may be supported by bearing assemblies that allow smooth rotation while maintaining structural integrity under varying load conditions. The shaft may extend across the7322820551V1width of the treadmill system to provide adequate support for the treadmill endless running belt 1 and to accommodate the mounting of additional components.

[0039] A front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 may be mounted on the front roller shaft 3 to facilitate selective power transmission to the resistance system. The front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 may be configured with a groove or surface profile that accommodates belt-driven power transmission components. In some cases, the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 may be fixedly mounted to the front roller shaft 3 such that rotation of the shaft causes corresponding rotation of the pulley.

[0040] The mounting configuration of the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 on the front roller shaft 3 may enable the pulley to serve as a power take-off point for driving the resistance system when engagement is desired. The front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 may be positioned along the length of the front roller shaft 3 at a location that provides adequate clearance for belt routing and mechanical operation of the engagement mechanism.

[0041] For the resistance system, a drive shaft may be operatively connected to the treadmill belt to provide mechanical input for the resistance mechanism. The drive shaft may function similarly to the front roller shaft 3 described above, serving as a rotational interface that responds to movement of the treadmill belt. In some cases, the drive shaft may be configured to rotate in correspondence with belt movement, thereby providing a mechanical input signal that can be selectively coupled to the resistance mechanism.

[0042] An engage / disengage pulley may be mounted on the drive shaft to enable selective coupling functionality within the resistance system. The engage / disengage pulley may be configured with appropriate surface characteristics for belt-driven power transmission and may be positioned on the drive shaft to facilitate connection with other components of the selective coupling mechanism. In some cases, the engage / disengage pulley may be fixedly attached to the drive shaft such that rotation of the shaft results in corresponding rotation of the pulley, thereby enabling power transmission when the coupling mechanism is engaged.

[0043] An engage / disengage V-belt may serve as a flexible mechanical coupling element that connects the front roller engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft. The engage / disengage V-belt may be constructed from materials suitable for power transmission applications, such as rubber compounds reinforced with fabric or cord materials that provide tensile strength and flexibility. In some cases, the engage / disengage V-belt may have a8322820551V1trapezoidal cross-sectional profile that corresponds to groove profiles in the pulleys to enable effective power transmission through friction contact.

[0044] The engage / disengage V-belt may be routed between the front roller engage / disengage pulley and a corresponding pulley or interface surface on the resistance layshaft. When tension is applied to the engage / disengage V-belt, the belt may create sufficient friction contact with both the front roller engage / disengage pulley and the resistance layshaft interface to transmit rotational motion between these components. The length and routing path of the engage / disengage V-belt may be configured to accommodate the physical spacing between the front roller engage / disengage pulley and the resistance layshaft while allowing for tension adjustment mechanisms.

[0045] A V-belt tension roller may be configured to selectively apply and release tension on the engage / disengage V-belt to control the engagement and disengagement of the resistance system. The V-belt tension roller may include a cylindrical roller element that contacts the engage / disengage V-belt at a position along the belt span between the front roller engage / disengage pulley and the resistance layshaft. In some cases, the V-belt tension roller may be mounted on a movable support mechanism that allows the roller to be positioned closer to or farther from the engage / disengage V-belt.

[0046] When the V-belt tension roller is positioned to contact and deflect the engage / disengage V-belt, the roller may increase the tension in the belt by creating additional belt wrap around the pulleys and increasing the normal force between the belt and pulley surfaces. This increased tension and contact force may enable effective power transmission from the front roller engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft. Conversely, when the V-belt tension roller is positioned away from the engage / disengage V-belt, the belt tension may be reduced to a level where insufficient friction exists to transmit significant power between the pulleys.

[0047] The V-belt tension roller may be operatively connected to an actuating mechanism that allows user control over the roller position. In some cases, the actuating mechanism may include linkages, levers, or other mechanical components that translate user input into movement of the V-belt tension roller. The range of motion of the V-belt tension roller may be configured to provide sufficient tension variation in the engage / disengage V-belt to achieve reliable engagement and disengagement of the power transmission path.

[0048] For resistance system applications, a drive belt may function as a flexible coupling element that connects the engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft. The drive belt 9322820551V1may be constructed from materials and configured with cross-sectional profiles similar to those described for the engage / disengage V-belt, providing power transmission capabilities through friction contact with pulley surfaces. The drive belt may be routed between the engage / disengage pulley and the resistance layshaft to enable selective power transmission when appropriate tension conditions are established.

[0049] A tension control mechanism may be configured to selectively apply and release tension on the drive belt to control engagement and disengagement of the resistance mechanism. The tension control mechanism may include components such as tension rollers, actuating linkages, and user interface elements that enable controlled adjustment of drive belt tension. In some cases, the tension control mechanism may operate similarly to the V-belt tension roller system described above, using movable roller elements to vary belt tension and thereby control power transmission characteristics between the engage / disengage pulley and the resistance layshaft.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 4, an engage / disengage handle 14 may be operatively connected to the V-belt tension roller 6 to provide user control over the engagement and disengagement of the resistance system. The engage / disengage handle 14 may be configured as a user-operable handle that allows a user to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance system through mechanical input. In some cases, the engage / disengage handle 14 may extend upward and rearward from the tension roller mechanism to provide an accessible interface for user operation.

[0051] The operative connection between the engage / disengage handle 14 and the V-belt tension roller 6 may enable the user to control the tension applied to the engage / disengage V-belt 5 through manipulation of the handle. When the engage / disengage handle 14 is moved to an engaged position, the handle may cause the V-belt tension roller 6 to apply increased tension to the engage / disengage V-belt 5, thereby creating the friction contact necessary for power transmission between the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 and the resistance layshaft 8. Conversely, when the engage / disengage handle 14 is moved to a disengaged position, the handle may cause the V-belt tension roller 6 to release tension from the engage / disengage V-belt 5, allowing the belt to operate with insufficient tension for effective power transmission.

[0052] The engage / disengage handle 14 may be configured to be operated while the user is exercising on the treadmill endless running belt 1. This operational capability may allow users to switch between resistance and free-wheeling modes without interrupting their exercise 10322820551V1routine or dismounting from the treadmill system. In some cases, the positioning and design of the engage / disengage handle 14 may enable users to reach and operate the handle while maintaining their exercise posture and movement patterns.

[0053] The engage / disengage handle 14 may be configured to be operated remotely rather than requiring direct contact by the user. In some cases, remote operation may be achieved through mechanical linkages, cable systems, or other transmission mechanisms that allow the user to actuate the handle from a position that may be more convenient or accessible during exercise activities. This remote operation capability may enhance user safety and convenience by allowing engagement and disengagement control without requiring the user to reach toward potentially moving mechanical components.

[0054] For resistance system applications, the engagement mechanism may include a user-operable control configured to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance mechanism. The user-operable control may function similarly to the engage / disengage handle 14 described above, providing user interface capabilities for controlling the engagement state of the resistance system. In some cases, the user-operable control may be configured to be operated during use of the non-motorized treadmill, enabling dynamic control over resistance levels without interrupting exercise activities.

[0055] The tension control mechanism may include a tension roller operatively connected to a user-operable handle that provides control over drive belt tension. The user-operable handle may enable users to selectively apply and release tension on the drive belt through mechanical actuation, thereby controlling the engagement and disengagement of power transmission between system components. This configuration may allow users to switch between different operational modes based on their exercise requirements and preferences.

[0056] For method applications, selectively engaging the resistance system may include actuating a user-operable control mechanism to couple the resistance system to the treadmill belt. The user-operable control mechanism may provide the interface through which users can initiate engagement of the resistance system when resistance-loaded exercise is desired. In some cases, actuating the user-operable control mechanism may include operating an engage / disengage handle to apply tension to a drive belt connecting the treadmill belt to the resistance system, thereby establishing the mechanical coupling necessary for resistance operation.11322820551V1

[0057] The resistance layshaft 8 may serve as a mechanical interface component that facilitates selective coupling between the front roller shaft 3 and the resistance turbine system 13. In some cases, the resistance layshaft 8 may be operatively connected to the resistance system to enable power transmission from the treadmill belt system to the resistance mechanism when engagement is desired. The resistance layshaft 8 may be constructed from materials suitable for transmitting rotational loads, such as steel or other durable metals that can withstand the mechanical stresses associated with resistance system operation.

[0058] The resistance layshaft 8 may be supported by bearing assemblies that allow smooth rotation while maintaining structural alignment with other system components. In some cases, the resistance layshaft 8 may extend across a portion of the treadmill system to provide adequate mounting surfaces for pulleys and other power transmission components. The shaft may be positioned at a location that enables effective belt routing between the front roller shaft 3 and the resistance turbine system 13 while providing sufficient clearance for mechanical operation of the engagement mechanism.

[0059] An engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 may be mounted on the resistance layshaft 8 to facilitate the selective coupling mechanism between the front roller shaft 3 and the resistance system. The engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 may be configured with a groove or surface profile that accommodates the engage / disengage V-belt 5 and enables effective power transmission when appropriate tension conditions are established. In some cases, the engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 may be fixedly mounted to the resistance layshaft 8 such that rotation of the pulley causes corresponding rotation of the shaft.

[0060] The engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 may be positioned along the length of the resistance layshaft 8 at a location that provides proper alignment with the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4 for belt routing. The positioning of the engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 may enable the engage / disengage V-belt 5 to maintain appropriate wrap angles around both pulleys to facilitate effective power transmission when the V-belt tension roller 6 applies tension to the belt system.

[0061] The selective coupling mechanism may be configured to selectively couple and decouple the front roller shaft 3 from the resistance layshaft 8 through the interaction of the engage / disengage V-belt 5, the front roller engage / disengage pulley 4, and the engage / disengage pinion pulley 7. When the V-belt tension roller 6 applies tension to the engage / disengage V-belt 5, the belt may create sufficient friction contact between the front 12322820551V1roller engage / disengage pulley 4 and the engage / disengage pinion pulley 7 to transmit rotational motion from the front roller shaft 3 to the resistance layshaft 8. This coupling enables power transmission from the treadmill endless running belt 1 to the resistance turbine system 13 through the mechanical connection provided by the resistance layshaft 8.

[0062] When the V-belt tension roller 6 releases tension from the engage / disengage V-belt 5, the selective coupling mechanism may decouple the front roller shaft 3 from the resistance layshaft 8 by reducing the friction contact between the belt and pulleys to a level insufficient for effective power transmission. This decoupling allows the front roller shaft 3 to rotate independently of the resistance layshaft 8, enabling the treadmill endless running belt 1 to move freely without driving the resistance turbine system 13.

[0063] For resistance system applications, the resistance layshaft may be operatively connected to the resistance mechanism to provide mechanical input for resistance generation. The resistance layshaft may function as an intermediate power transmission component that receives rotational input from the treadmill belt system and transmits that input to the resistance mechanism when coupling is engaged. In some cases, the resistance layshaft may be configured with mounting interfaces for pulleys, gears, or other power transmission components that enable connection to various types of resistance mechanisms.

[0064] The selective coupling mechanism for resistance system applications may be configured to selectively couple and decouple a drive shaft from the resistance layshaft through similar mechanical principles as described above. The selective coupling mechanism may include belt-driven components, tension control elements, and user interface mechanisms that enable controlled engagement and disengagement of power transmission between the drive shaft and the resistance layshaft based on user requirements and exercise preferences.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 2, a primary turbine drive pulley 9 may be mounted on the resistance layshaft 8 to facilitate power transmission from the resistance layshaft 8 to the resistance turbine system 13. The primary turbine drive pulley 9 may be configured with a groove or surface profile that accommodates belt-driven power transmission components and enables effective torque transfer to the resistance mechanism. In some cases, the primary turbine drive pulley 9 may be fixedly attached to the resistance layshaft 8 such that rotation of the resistance layshaft 8 causes corresponding rotation of the primary turbine drive pulley 9.

[0066] The primary turbine drive pulley 9 may be positioned along the length of the resistance layshaft 8 at a location that provides proper alignment with the resistance turbine system 13 for 13322820551V1optimal belt routing and power transmission. The mounting configuration of the primary turbine drive pulley 9 may enable the pulley to serve as a power output interface that transfers rotational motion from the resistance layshaft 8 to downstream resistance components when the selective coupling mechanism is engaged.

[0067] A primary turbine drive belt 10 may connect the primary turbine drive pulley 9 to the resistance turbine system 13 to enable continuous power transmission between these components. The primary turbine drive belt 10 may be constructed from materials suitable for power transmission applications, such as rubber compounds reinforced with fabric or cord materials that provide tensile strength and durability under varying load conditions. In some cases, the primary turbine drive belt 10 may have a cross-sectional profile that corresponds to groove profiles in the primary turbine drive pulley 9 and interface surfaces of the resistance turbine system 13.

[0068] The primary turbine drive belt 10 may be routed between the primary turbine drive pulley 9 and a corresponding pulley or interface surface on the resistance turbine system 13. The belt routing path may be configured to maintain appropriate wrap angles around both the primary turbine drive pulley 9 and the resistance turbine system 13 interface to enable effective power transmission through friction contact. In some cases, the primary turbine drive belt 10 may be tensioned to provide sufficient friction contact for reliable torque transfer while allowing for smooth operation under varying resistance loads.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 4, the primary turbine drive pulley 9 and the primary turbine drive belt 10 may form part of a power transmission chain that extends from the resistance layshaft 8 to the resistance turbine system 13. When the selective coupling mechanism engages the resistance layshaft 8 with the front roller shaft 3, rotational motion may be transmitted through the resistance layshaft 8 to the primary turbine drive pulley 9, then through the primary turbine drive belt 10 to the resistance turbine system 13. This power transmission chain may enable the resistance turbine system 13 to operate in response to movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1 when resistance mode is selected.

[0070] The primary turbine drive belt 10 may maintain a constant connection between the primary turbine drive pulley 9 and the resistance turbine system 13, allowing the resistance turbine system 13 to respond immediately when power is transmitted through the resistance layshaft 8. In some cases, the primary turbine drive belt 10 may be configured with appropriate14322820551V1tension and routing to accommodate the rotational speeds and torque levels associated with resistance system operation during various exercise activities.

[0071] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may be operatively connected to the front roller shaft 3 to provide directional control over resistance system engagement. The one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may be configured to enable selective power transmission based on the direction of rotation of the front roller shaft 3, thereby providing automatic engagement of the resistance turbine system 13 under specific movement conditions regardless of the position of the control mechanism.

[0072] The one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may include internal clutch mechanisms that allow the pulley to engage or disengage with the front roller shaft 3 based on rotational direction. In some cases, the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may be configured to free-wheel when the treadmill endless running belt 1 moves in a rearward direction, allowing the front roller shaft 3 to rotate without driving the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11. This free-wheeling operation may enable normal walking and running exercise activities to occur without resistance from the resistance turbine system 13 when the primary control mechanism is disengaged.

[0073] Conversely, the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may be configured to positively drive the resistance system when the treadmill endless running belt 1 moves in a forward direction. When the front roller shaft 3 rotates in the direction corresponding to forward movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1, the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may engage with the shaft to transmit rotational motion regardless of the engagement state of the primary control mechanism. This directional engagement capability may provide automatic resistance activation during reverse sled movement exercises or when users walk backwards while facing forward.

[0074] The secondary turbine drive belt 12 may connect the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 to the resistance turbine system 13 to enable power transmission during forward direction movement of the treadmill endless running belt 1. The secondary turbine drive belt 12 may be constructed from materials suitable for power transmission applications and may be configured with appropriate cross-sectional profiles for effective torque transfer between the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 and the resistance turbine system 13.

[0075] As shown in FIG. 2, the secondary turbine drive belt 12 may maintain a constant connection between the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 and the resistance turbine system 13,15322820551V1allowing immediate power transmission when the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 engages with the front roller shaft 3. The belt routing path may be configured to provide appropriate wrap angles around both the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 and interface surfaces of the resistance turbine system 13 to enable effective power transmission through friction contact.

[0076] The one-way clutch system comprising the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 and the secondary turbine drive belt 12 may serve as an anti-rollback mechanism to prevent the treadmill endless running belt 1 from rolling backwards when a user is boarding the machine. When a user steps onto the treadmill system, any tendency for the treadmill endless running belt 1 to move in the forward direction may automatically engage the resistance turbine system 13 through the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11, providing sufficient resistance to prevent uncontrolled movement and enhance user safety during boarding procedures.

[0077] In some cases, the one-way turbine clutch pulley 11 may be implemented using electromagnetic resistance mechanisms instead of mechanical clutch mechanisms. Electromagnetic implementations may provide directional engagement control through electronic switching systems that respond to rotational direction sensors or other feedback mechanisms. Such electromagnetic systems may offer enhanced control precision and may be configured to provide variable engagement characteristics based on operational requirements.

[0078] For resistance system applications, the one-way clutch system may be configured to engage the resistance mechanism when the treadmill belt moves in a predetermined direction regardless of the state of the engagement mechanism. The predetermined direction may correspond to forward movement of the treadmill belt, and the automatic engagement may provide safety features and specialized exercise capabilities that operate independently of the primary user-controlled engagement mechanism.

[0079] For method applications, the system may automatically engage the resistance system when the treadmill belt moves in a forward direction regardless of the state of the selective engagement. This automatic engagement may be provided by the one-way clutch system and may enable specialized exercise routines such as reverse sled training while maintaining safety features that prevent uncontrolled belt movement during user boarding and dismounting procedures.

[0080] The resistance turbine system may comprise a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance. The fluid dynamics resistance turbine may operate by moving or displacing fluid through rotational motion, thereby 16322820551V1generating resistance forces that oppose the movement of the treadmill endless running belt when the resistance system is engaged. In some cases, the fluid dynamics resistance turbine may be configured as a flywheel assembly with turbine components that interact with the fluid medium to produce controllable resistance loads.

[0081] The fluid medium may be selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid. When the fluid medium comprises air, the fluid dynamics resistance turbine may comprise an air displacement turbine that moves air through turbine blades or rotors to create resistance. The air displacement turbine may include multiple blades or vanes arranged around a central hub, where rotation of the turbine causes the blades to displace air and generate resistance forces proportional to the rotational speed and blade configuration.

[0082] In some cases, the resistance turbine system may be configured to displace water as the fluid medium instead of air. When water serves as the fluid medium, the fluid dynamics resistance turbine may operate by moving water through turbine chambers or channels, creating resistance through fluid viscosity and inertial effects. The water-based configuration may provide different resistance characteristics compared to air-based systems, potentially offering higher resistance levels at lower rotational speeds due to the greater density and viscosity of water compared to air.

[0083] The resistance turbine system may be configured to displace hydraulic fluid as the fluid medium instead of air. When hydraulic fluid serves as the fluid medium, the fluid dynamics resistance turbine may operate within a closed hydraulic circuit where turbine rotation displaces hydraulic fluid through restrictive passages or valves. The hydraulic fluid configuration may enable precise resistance control through adjustment of fluid flow restrictions and may provide consistent resistance characteristics that are less affected by environmental conditions compared to air or water-based systems.

[0084] The resistance turbine system may be configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill endless running belt. The variable resistance capability may be achieved through adjustable components within the fluid dynamics resistance turbine that modify the interaction between the turbine and the fluid medium. In some cases, the resistance turbine system may include variable pitch rotors that can be adjusted to change resistance levels by altering the angle or orientation of turbine blades relative to the fluid flow.

[0085] The variable pitch rotors may enable users to adjust resistance levels from exceptionally heavy loads to very light loads depending on exercise requirements. When configured for 17322820551V1heavy resistance, the variable pitch rotors may be positioned to maximize fluid displacement and resistance generation, creating resistance levels comparable to pushing a truck. Conversely, when configured for light resistance, the variable pitch rotors may be positioned to minimize fluid displacement, creating resistance levels comparable to pushing a gym sled.

[0086] The resistance turbine system may be mounted as a flywheel with air displacement turbines attached to create variable resistance loads. The flywheel configuration may provide rotational inertia that enhances the resistance characteristics and creates smooth resistance transitions during exercise activities. The air displacement turbines attached to the flywheel may be configured with adjustable blade angles or positions that allow users to modify the resistance level by changing how the turbines interact with the surrounding air.

[0087] For resistance system applications, the resistance mechanism may comprise a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance. The resistance mechanism may be configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill belt, enabling users to customize resistance characteristics based on their exercise goals and fitness levels. The fluid medium for resistance system applications may be selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid, providing flexibility in system design and performance characteristics.

[0088] For method applications, the resistance system may comprise a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid. The method may involve operating the fluid dynamics resistance turbine to generate resistance forces that oppose movement of the treadmill belt when resistance mode is selected, and allowing the turbine to operate without generating significant resistance when free-wheeling mode is selected through the selective engagement and disengagement mechanism.

[0089] The operation of the control mechanism for selectively engaging and disengaging the resistance system may enable dynamic switching between operational modes during exercise activities. When a user actuates the engage / disengage handle to an engaged position, the handle may cause the V-belt tension roller to move toward the engage / disengage V-belt, thereby applying increased tension to the belt. This increased tension may create sufficient friction contact between the engage / disengage V-belt and both the front roller engage / disengage pulley and the engage / disengage pinion pulley to establish a positive drive connection.18322820551V1

[0090] The positive drive connection created through belt tensioning may enable rotational motion to be transmitted from the front roller shaft through the engage / disengage V-belt to the resistance layshaft. When the resistance layshaft receives rotational input through this drive connection, the layshaft may transmit the rotational motion through the primary turbine drive pulley and primary turbine drive belt to the resistance turbine system. This power transmission path may cause the resistance turbine system to operate and generate resistance forces that oppose movement of the treadmill endless running belt.

[0091] When a user releases or actuates the engage / disengage handle to a disengaged position, the handle may cause the V-belt tension roller to move away from the engage / disengage V-belt, thereby reducing the tension applied to the belt. The reduced belt tension may decrease the friction contact between the engage / disengage V-belt and the pulleys to a level insufficient for effective power transmission. This reduction in friction contact may interrupt the drive connection between the front roller shaft and the resistance layshaft, preventing rotational motion from being transmitted to the resistance turbine system.

[0092] With the drive connection disengaged, the treadmill endless running belt may rotate freely without driving the resistance turbine system. The front roller shaft may continue to rotate in response to user movement on the treadmill endless running belt, but this rotation may not be transmitted to the resistance layshaft due to the insufficient belt tension. The resistance turbine system may remain stationary or may rotate freely without generating significant resistance forces, allowing the treadmill endless running belt to move with minimal resistance.

[0093] The control mechanism may be configured to allow switching between the resistance mode and the free-wheeling mode during operation without stopping movement of the treadmill endless running belt. This operational capability may enable users to transition between resistance-loaded exercise and free-wheeling movement while maintaining their exercise pace and rhythm. In some cases, users may actuate the engage / disengage handle while walking, running, or performing other exercise movements on the treadmill endless running belt, allowing immediate changes in resistance characteristics without interrupting the exercise session.

[0094] The ability to switch operational modes during continuous operation may provide enhanced flexibility for interval training routines where users alternate between high-resistance and low-resistance exercise periods. Users may engage the resistance system during portions of their workout that require strength training or high-intensity exercise, then disengage the 19322820551V1resistance system during recovery periods or when transitioning to different exercise movements. This dynamic control capability may eliminate the need for users to stop exercising or dismount from the treadmill system when changing between operational modes.

[0095] The mechanical design of the engagement and disengagement mechanism may enable rapid response to user input, allowing near-instantaneous transitions between engaged and disengaged states. When the engage / disengage handle is actuated, the V-belt tension roller may move quickly to apply or release belt tension, causing immediate changes in the power transmission characteristics between the front roller shaft and the resistance layshaft. This rapid response capability may enable users to make precise adjustments to resistance levels during dynamic exercise activities.

[0096] The non-motorized treadmill system may be configured to enable multiple exercise modes through selective engagement and disengagement of the resistance system. When the resistance system is engaged, the system may provide substantial resistance forces that enable specialized exercise activities beyond conventional treadmill walking and running. The resistance characteristics generated by the fluid dynamics resistance turbine may create loading conditions suitable for strength training and high-intensity exercise applications.

[0097] The system may be configured for sled drive exercise where a user pushes against the front of the treadmill. During sled drive exercise, the user may position themselves at the front end of the treadmill system and apply forward pushing forces against a front structure or handle while the resistance system is engaged. The engaged resistance system may create sufficient resistance to the movement of the treadmill endless running belt such that the user experiences resistance forces comparable to pushing a weighted sled across a surface.

[0098] When performing sled drive exercise, the user's pushing motion may cause the treadmill endless running belt to move in the rearward direction relative to the user's position. This belt movement may drive the front roller shaft, which transmits rotational motion through the engaged control mechanism to the resistance layshaft and subsequently to the resistance turbine system. The resistance turbine system may generate resistance forces that oppose the belt movement, creating the loading effect that provides exercise resistance for the user's pushing movements.

[0099] The resistance level during sled drive exercise may be adjusted through the variable resistance capabilities of the resistance turbine system. Users may configure the system to provide light resistance comparable to pushing a gym sled for moderate intensity training, or 20322820551V1heavy resistance comparable to pushing a truck for high-intensity strength training applications. This adjustability may enable the same treadmill system to accommodate users with different fitness levels and training objectives.

[0100] The system may be configured for sled pull exercise where a user performs reverse sled movement. During sled pull exercise, the user may position themselves on the treadmill endless running belt while facing forward and walk or run backwards relative to their facing direction. This backward movement while facing forward may cause the treadmill endless running belt to move in the forward direction, which may automatically engage the resistance system through the one-way clutch system regardless of the position of the primary control mechanism.

[0101] When performing sled pull exercise, the user's backward walking or running motion may cause the treadmill endless running belt to move forward, driving the front roller shaft in the direction that activates the one-way turbine clutch pulley. The one-way turbine clutch pulley may engage with the front roller shaft and transmit rotational motion through the secondary turbine drive belt to the resistance turbine system. The resistance turbine system may generate resistance forces that oppose the forward movement of the belt, creating resistance that the user must overcome while performing the backward movement exercise.

[0102] The automatic engagement of the resistance system during forward belt movement may ensure that sled pull exercise activities always operate with resistance, providing consistent training conditions for reverse sled movement exercises. This automatic engagement may occur independently of the primary control mechanism position, allowing users to perform sled pull exercises even when the primary resistance system is disengaged for normal walking and running activities.

[0103] The system may allow users to switch between resistance-loaded exercise and freewheeling movement for walking and running without resistance. When the control mechanism is actuated to disengage the resistance system, the treadmill endless running belt may move freely in response to user walking and running movements without driving the resistance turbine system. This free-wheeling operation may enable the treadmill system to function as a conventional non-motorized treadmill where the belt movement responds directly to user pace and movement patterns without additional resistance loading.

[0104] During free-wheeling operation, users may perform normal walking, jogging, or running exercises on the treadmill endless running belt without experiencing resistance forces 21322820551V1from the fluid dynamics resistance turbine. The belt may move smoothly in the rearward direction as users walk or run forward, with the belt speed corresponding directly to the user's exercise pace. The disengaged control mechanism may prevent power transmission from the front roller shaft to the resistance layshaft, allowing the resistance turbine system to remain inactive during conventional treadmill exercise activities.

[0105] The ability to switch between resistance-loaded exercise modes and free-wheeling movement may enable users to perform comprehensive workout routines using a single piece of equipment. Users may begin their exercise session with free-wheeling walking or running for warm-up activities, then engage the resistance system for sled drive or strength training exercises, and return to free-wheeling operation for cool-down activities or additional cardiovascular exercise. This versatility may eliminate the need for multiple pieces of exercise equipment and may provide space-efficient solutions for fitness facilities and home exercise environments.

[0106] The transition between exercise modes may be accomplished through user operation of the control mechanism without requiring the user to dismount from the treadmill system or interrupt their exercise routine. Users may actuate the engage / disengage handle to switch from free-wheeling operation to resistance-loaded operation when transitioning from cardiovascular exercise to strength training activities. Similarly, users may disengage the resistance system when transitioning from strength training back to cardiovascular exercise, allowing seamless integration of different exercise types within a single workout session.

[0107] A method of operating a non-motorized treadmill system may include providing a nonmotorized treadmill having a treadmill belt and a resistance system. The providing step may involve assembling or configuring a treadmill system that includes a treadmill belt configured to support user movement during exercise activities and a resistance system configured to generate resistance forces when engaged with the treadmill belt. The treadmill belt may be configured as an endless loop that rotates in response to user movement without requiring motorized assistance, enabling self-propelled operation based on user walking, running, or other exercise movements.

[0108] The resistance system provided as part of the non-motorized treadmill may include a fluid dynamics resistance mechanism configured to generate resistance through displacement of a fluid medium. The fluid medium may comprise air, water, hydraulic fluid, or other suitable fluids that enable resistance generation through turbine operation. The resistance system may 22322820551V1be configured with variable resistance capabilities that allow adjustment of resistance levels to accommodate different exercise requirements and user fitness levels.

[0109] The method may include selectively engaging the resistance system with the treadmill belt to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill belt during a first mode of operation. The selective engagement may be accomplished through actuation of a control mechanism that establishes a mechanical coupling between the treadmill belt and the resistance system. During the first mode of operation, movement of the treadmill belt may drive the resistance system to generate resistance forces that oppose belt movement, creating loading conditions suitable for strength training and high-intensity exercise applications.

[0110] The selective engagement process may involve actuating a user-operable control mechanism to couple the resistance system to the treadmill belt. The user-operable control mechanism may include mechanical components such as handles, levers, or other interface elements that enable user control over the engagement state. When actuated to an engaged position, the control mechanism may establish power transmission pathways that enable rotational motion from the treadmill belt to be transmitted to the resistance system.

[0111] The selective engagement may include operating an engage / disengage handle to apply tension to a drive belt connecting the treadmill belt to the resistance system. The application of tension to the drive belt may create sufficient friction contact between belt and pulley surfaces to enable effective power transmission from the treadmill belt system to the resistance mechanism. This power transmission may cause the resistance system to operate and generate resistance forces proportional to the belt movement speed and resistance system configuration.

[0112] During the first mode of operation, the resistance system may generate resistance forces that create exercise loading conditions comparable to sled pushing or pulling exercises. Users may experience substantial resistance to their movement efforts, enabling strength training and high-intensity cardiovascular exercise activities. The resistance level during the first mode of operation may be adjustable through variable resistance mechanisms within the resistance system, allowing users to customize the exercise intensity based on their training objectives.

[0113] The method may include selectively disengaging the resistance system from the treadmill belt to allow free movement of the treadmill belt without resistance during a second mode of operation. The selective disengagement may be accomplished through actuation of the control mechanism to interrupt the mechanical coupling between the treadmill belt and the resistance system. During the second mode of operation, the treadmill belt may move freely in 23322820551V1response to user movement without driving the resistance system, enabling conventional treadmill exercise activities.

[0114] The selective disengagement process may involve actuating the user-operable control mechanism to decouple the resistance system from the treadmill belt. When actuated to a disengaged position, the control mechanism may interrupt power transmission pathways between the treadmill belt and the resistance system, allowing the belt to rotate independently of the resistance mechanism. This decoupling may enable the treadmill belt to respond directly to user movement patterns without additional resistance loading.

[0115] The selective disengagement may include operating the engage / disengage handle to release tension from the drive belt connecting the treadmill belt to the resistance system. The release of tension from the drive belt may reduce friction contact between belt and pulley surfaces to levels insufficient for effective power transmission. This reduction in power transmission capability may allow the treadmill belt to move freely without driving the resistance system, enabling free-wheeling operation.

[0116] During the second mode of operation, the treadmill belt may move with minimal resistance, allowing users to perform conventional walking, jogging, or running exercises. The belt movement may respond directly to user pace and movement patterns, providing exercise conditions similar to those experienced on conventional non-motorized treadmills. The absence of resistance loading during the second mode of operation may enable users to focus on cardiovascular exercise activities without the additional strength training component provided by the resistance system.

[0117] The method may enable dynamic switching between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation during continuous exercise activities. Users may transition from resistance-loaded exercise to free-wheeling movement, or vice versa, without interrupting their exercise routine or dismounting from the treadmill system. This dynamic switching capability may enable users to perform interval training routines that alternate between high-resistance and low-resistance exercise periods within a single workout session.

[0118] The method may include automatically engaging the resistance system when the treadmill belt moves in a forward direction regardless of the state of the selective engagement. This automatic engagement may be provided by a one-way clutch system that responds to belt movement direction to provide safety features and specialized exercise capabilities. The automatic engagement may ensure that certain exercise activities, such as reverse sled training,24322820551V1always operate with appropriate resistance regardless of the primary control mechanism position.

[0119] The automatic engagement feature may provide anti-rollback functionality that prevents uncontrolled movement of the treadmill belt when users are boarding or dismounting from the system. When the treadmill belt tends to move in the forward direction due to user weight or positioning, the automatic engagement may activate the resistance system to provide sufficient resistance to prevent unsafe belt movement. This safety feature may enhance user confidence and reduce the risk of accidents during system entry and exit procedures.

[0120] The method may accommodate multiple exercise modalities through selective control of the resistance system engagement state. Users may perform sled drive exercises by engaging the resistance system and pushing against the treadmill structure while the belt moves rearward. Alternatively, users may perform sled pull exercises through automatic engagement of the resistance system when walking backward while facing forward, causing forward belt movement that triggers the automatic engagement mechanism.

[0121] The method may enable users to customize their exercise experience by selecting appropriate combinations of engagement states and exercise movements based on their fitness goals and training requirements. The flexibility provided by selective engagement and disengagement may allow a single treadmill system to serve multiple exercise functions, providing space-efficient and cost-effective solutions for comprehensive fitness training programs.

[0122] The disclosed technology can be further understood according to the following clauses:

[0123] Clause 1: A non-motorized treadmill system, comprising: a treadmill endless running belt; a resistance system configured to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt; and a control mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance system with the treadmill endless running belt, wherein the control mechanism allows a user to switch between a resistance mode where the resistance system provides resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt and a free-wheeling mode where the treadmill endless running belt moves without resistance from the resistance system.

[0124] Clause 2: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a user-operable handle configured to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance system.25322820551V1

[0125] Clause 3: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 2, wherein the user-operable handle is configured to be operated while the user is exercising on the treadmill endless running belt.

[0126] Clause 4: The non-motorized treadmill system of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the control mechanism comprises: a front roller shaft operatively connected to the treadmill endless running belt; a resistance layshaft operatively connected to the resistance system; and a selective coupling mechanism configured to selectively couple and decouple the front roller shaft from the resistance layshaft.

[0127] Clause 5: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 4, wherein the selective coupling mechanism comprises: a front roller engage / disengage pulley mounted on the front roller shaft; an engage / disengage V-belt connecting the front roller engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft; and a V-belt tension roller configured to selectively apply and release tension on the engage / disengage V-belt.

[0128] Clause 6: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 5, wherein the V-belt tension roller is operatively connected to an engage / disengage handle that allows a user to control the tension applied to the engage / disengage V-belt.

[0129] Clause 7: The non-motorized treadmill system of any of clauses 1-6, wherein the resistance system comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance.

[0130] Clause 8: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 7, wherein the fluid medium comprises air, and the fluid dynamics resistance turbine comprises an air displacement turbine.

[0131] Clause 9: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 7, wherein the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.

[0132] Clause 10: The non-motorized treadmill system of any of clauses 1-9, further comprising a one-way clutch system configured to engage the resistance system when the treadmill endless running belt moves in a forward direction regardless of a position of the control mechanism.

[0133] Clause 11: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 10, wherein the one-way clutch system comprises: a one-way turbine clutch pulley operatively connected to a front roller shaft; and a secondary turbine drive belt connecting the one-way turbine clutch pulley to the resistance system.26322820551V1

[0134] Clause 12: The non-motorized treadmill system of clause 11, wherein the one-way turbine clutch pulley is configured to free-wheel when the treadmill endless running belt moves in a rearward direction and to positively drive the resistance system when the treadmill endless running belt moves in the forward direction.

[0135] Clause 13: The non-motorized treadmill system of any of clauses 1-12, wherein the treadmill endless running belt is supported by running belt pulleys and configured to enable sled-style exercise when the resistance system is engaged.

[0136] Clause 14: The non-motorized treadmill system of any of clauses 1-13, wherein the control mechanism is configured to allow switching between the resistance mode and the freewheeling mode during operation without stopping movement of the treadmill endless running belt.

[0137] Clause 15: The non-motorized treadmill system of clauses 1-14, wherein the resistance system is configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill endless running belt.

[0138] Clause 16: A resistance system for a non-motorized treadmill, the system comprising: a resistance mechanism configured to provide resistance; and an engagement mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance mechanism with a treadmill belt of the non-motorized treadmill, wherein the engagement mechanism enables switching between an engaged state where the resistance mechanism provides resistance to movement of the treadmill belt and a disengaged state where the treadmill belt moves without resistance from the resistance mechanism.

[0139] Clause 17: The resistance system of clause 16, wherein the engagement mechanism comprises a user-operable control configured to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance mechanism.

[0140] Clause 18: The resistance system of clause 17, wherein the user-operable control is configured to be operated during use of the non-motorized treadmill.

[0141] Clause 19: The resistance system of any of clauses 16-19, wherein the resistance mechanism comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance.

[0142] Clause 20: The resistance system of clause 19, wherein the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.27322820551V1

[0143] Clause 21: The resistance system of any of clauses 16-20, wherein the engagement mechanism comprises: a drive shaft operatively connected to the treadmill belt; a resistance layshaft operatively connected to the resistance mechanism; and a selective coupling mechanism configured to selectively couple and decouple the drive shaft from the resistance layshaft.

[0144] Clause 22: The resistance system of clause 21, wherein the selective coupling mechanism comprises: an engage / disengage pulley mounted on the drive shaft; a drive belt connecting the engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft; and a tension control mechanism configured to selectively apply and release tension on the drive belt.

[0145] Clause 23: The resistance system of clause 22, wherein the tension control mechanism comprises a tension roller operatively connected to a user-operable handle.

[0146] Clause 24: The resistance system of any of clauses 16-23, further comprising a oneway clutch system configured to engage the resistance mechanism when the treadmill belt moves in a predetermined direction regardless of a state of the engagement mechanism.

[0147] Clause 25: The resistance system of any of clauses 16-24, wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill belt.

[0148] Clause 26: A method of operating a non-motorized treadmill system, comprising: providing a non-motorized treadmill having a treadmill belt and a resistance system; selectively engaging the resistance system with the treadmill belt to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill belt during a first mode of operation; and selectively disengaging the resistance system from the treadmill belt to allow free movement of the treadmill belt without resistance during a second mode of operation.

[0149] Clause 27: The method of clause 26, wherein selectively engaging the resistance system comprises actuating a user-operable control mechanism to couple the resistance system to the treadmill belt.

[0150] Clause 28: The method of clause 27, wherein actuating the user-operable control mechanism comprises operating an engage / disengage handle to apply tension to a drive belt connecting the treadmill belt to the resistance system.28322820551V1

[0151] Clause 29: The method of any of clauses 26-28, wherein the resistance system comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.

[0152] Clause 30: The method of clauses 26-29, further comprising automatically engaging the resistance system when the treadmill belt moves in a forward direction regardless of a state of the selective engagement, wherein the automatic engagement is provided by a one-way clutch system.

[0153] It is to be understood that the embodiments and claims disclosed herein are not limited in their application to the details of construction and arrangement of the components set forth in the description and illustrated in the drawings. Rather, the description and the drawings provide examples of the embodiments envisioned. The embodiments and claims disclosed herein are further capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting the claims.

[0154] Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which the application and claims are based may be readily utilized as a basis for the design of other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the embodiments and claims presented in this application. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions.

[0155] Furthermore, the purpose of the foregoing Abstract is to enable the various patent offices and the public generally, and especially including the practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent and legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The Abstract is neither intended to define the claims of the application, nor is it intended to be limiting to the scope of the claims in any way.29322820551V1

Claims

1. CLAIMS1. A non-motorized treadmill system, comprising:3.a treadmill endless running belt;4.a resistance system configured to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt; and5.a control mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance system with the treadmill endless running belt, wherein the control mechanism allows a user to switch between a resistance mode where the resistance system provides resistance to movement of the treadmill endless running belt and a free-wheeling mode where the treadmill endless running belt moves without resistance from the resistance system.

2. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a user-operable handle configured to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance system.

3. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 2, wherein the user-operable handle is configured to be operated while the user is exercising on the treadmill endless running belt.

4. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises:9.a front roller shaft operatively connected to the treadmill endless running belt;10.a resistance layshaft operatively connected to the resistance system; and11.a selective coupling mechanism configured to selectively couple and decouple the front roller shaft from the resistance layshaft.

5. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 4, wherein the selective coupling mechanism comprises:13.a front roller engage / disengage pulley mounted on the front roller shaft;14.an engage / disengage V-belt connecting the front roller engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft; and15.a V-belt tension roller configured to selectively apply and release tension on the engage / disengage V-belt.16.3017.322820551V1 6. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 5, wherein the V-belt tension roller is operatively connected to an engage / disengage handle that allows a user to control the tension applied to the engage / disengage V-belt.

7. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the resistance system comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance.

8. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 7, wherein the fluid medium comprises air, and the fluid dynamics resistance turbine comprises an air displacement turbine.

9. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 7, wherein the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.

10. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, further comprising a one-way clutch system configured to engage the resistance system when the treadmill endless running belt moves in a forward direction regardless of a position of the control mechanism.

11. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 10, wherein the one-way clutch system comprises:23.a one-way turbine clutch pulley operatively connected to a front roller shaft; and a secondary turbine drive belt connecting the one-way turbine clutch pulley to the resistance system.

12. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 11, wherein the one-way turbine clutch pulley is configured to free-wheel when the treadmill endless running belt moves in a rearward direction and to positively drive the resistance system when the treadmill endless running belt moves in the forward direction.

13. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the treadmill endless running belt is supported by running belt pulleys and configured to enable sled-style exercise when the resistance system is engaged.

14. The non-motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism is configured to allow switching between the resistance mode and the free-wheeling mode during operation without stopping movement of the treadmill endless running belt.27.3128.322820551V1 15. The non- motorized treadmill system of claim 1, wherein the resistance system is configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill endless running belt.

16. A resistance system for a non-motorized treadmill, the system comprising: a resistance mechanism configured to provide resistance; and30.an engagement mechanism configured to selectively engage and disengage the resistance mechanism with a treadmill belt of the non-motorized treadmill, wherein the engagement mechanism enables switching between an engaged state where the resistance mechanism provides resistance to movement of the treadmill belt and a disengaged state where the treadmill belt moves without resistance from the resistance mechanism.

17. The resistance system of claim 16, wherein the engagement mechanism comprises a user-operable control configured to actuate engagement and disengagement of the resistance mechanism.

18. The resistance system of claim 17, wherein the user-operable control is configured to be operated during use of the non-motorized treadmill.

19. The resistance system of claim 16, wherein the resistance mechanism comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium to create resistance.

20. The resistance system of claim 19, wherein the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.

21. The resistance system of claim 16, wherein the engagement mechanism comprises:36.a drive shaft operatively connected to the treadmill belt;37.a resistance layshaft operatively connected to the resistance mechanism; and a selective coupling mechanism configured to selectively couple and decouple the drive shaft from the resistance layshaft.

22. The resistance system of claim 21, wherein the selective coupling mechanism comprises:39.an engage / disengage pulley mounted on the drive shaft;40.a drive belt connecting the engage / disengage pulley to the resistance layshaft; and 3241.322820551V1 a tension control mechanism configured to selectively apply and release tension on the drive belt.

23. The resistance system of claim 22, wherein the tension control mechanism comprises a tension roller operatively connected to a user-operable handle.

24. The resistance system of claim 16, further comprising a one-way clutch system configured to engage the resistance mechanism when the treadmill belt moves in a predetermined direction regardless of a state of the engagement mechanism.

25. The resistance system of claim 16, wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to provide variable resistance levels when engaged with the treadmill belt.

26. A method of operating a non-motorized treadmill system, comprising: providing a non-motorized treadmill having a treadmill belt and a resistance system; selectively engaging the resistance system with the treadmill belt to provide resistance to movement of the treadmill belt during a first mode of operation; and46.selectively disengaging the resistance system from the treadmill belt to allow free movement of the treadmill belt without resistance during a second mode of operation.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein selectively engaging the resistance system comprises actuating a user-operable control mechanism to couple the resistance system to the treadmill belt.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein actuating the user-operable control mechanism comprises operating an engage / disengage handle to apply tension to a drive belt connecting the treadmill belt to the resistance system.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein the resistance system comprises a fluid dynamics resistance turbine configured to displace a fluid medium selected from the group consisting of air, water, and hydraulic fluid.

30. The method of claims 26, further comprising automatically engaging the resistance system when the treadmill belt moves in a forward direction regardless of a state of the selective engagement, wherein the automatic engagement is provided by a one-way clutch system.51.3352.322820551V1

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