Measurements and methods for cell / radio sleep and wakeup automation

Abstract

Methods and systems are described for tuning of sleep and wakeup configurations. Certain embodiments propose the collection of a first set of measurements specific to tuning the cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters. Certain embodiments propose the measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters can have access to all / many of the relevant measurements. Certain embodiments also propose how to change the cell / radio sleep or wakeup thresholds based on the collected first set of measurements.

Description

MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS FOR CELL / RADIO SLEEP AND WAKEUPAUTOMATIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED INFORMATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States of America priority application No. 63 / 737,320, filed on December 20, 2024, titled “Measurements and Methods for Cell / Radio Sleep Automation,” and United States of America priority application No. 63 / 737,332, filed on December 20, 2024, titled “Measurements and Methods for Cell / Radio Wakeup Automation.”TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio.BACKGROUND

[0003] Network energy saving use cases have gained more attention in the recent past due to the increased efforts by the operators to reduce their carbon footprint. For example, the O-RAN Network Energy Saving Use Cases Technical Report 2.0 describes different Energy Saving features:• Carrier and Cell Switch Off / On;• RF Channel Reconfiguration Off / On;• Advanced Sleep Mode Selection;• O-Cloud Resource Energy Saving Mode.

[0004] Several definitions should be kept in mind. “Wakeup target” refers to a logical entity (for example, a cell), or a set of logical resources (for example, sector carriers) or a hardware (for example, radio, processing hardware, etc.) which can wakeup a cell / radio / carrier from an energy saving state. “Energy saving state” refers to a state, in which, some energy can be saved for the sleep target. “Overlapping resource” refers to a logical entity (for example, a cell), or a set of logical resources (for example, sector carriers) or a hardware (for example, radio,processing hardware, etc.) providing services (for example, coverage) when the wakeup target is in energy saving state, or when sleep target is put into sleep state. “Sleep target” refers to a logical entity (for example, a cell), or a set of logical resources (for example, sector carriers) or a hardware (for example, radio, processing hardware, etc.) which can be put into an energy saving state. “Sleep state” refers to an energy saving state, in which, some energy can be saved for the sleep target.

[0005] There currently exist certain challenges. In certain scenarios, a function tries to put a sleep target into sleep state, when the traffic load associated with the sleep target is low and there is another overlapping resource to provide services (for example coverage) when the sleep target is put to sleep state. Consider the example shown in Figure 1. In this deployment example, there are two capacity radios, namely radio-3 and radio-4. The radio-3 serves three different cells on three different carriers, namely carrier- 1, carrier-2 and carrier-3. The radio-4 serves a cell on carrier-4. There are two coverage radios, namely radio-1 and radio-2. The radio-1 serves two different cells on two different carriers, namely carrier-5 and carrier-6. The radio-2 serves a cell on carrier-7. The coverage radios are expected to be turned ON all the time and the capacity radios are expected to be turned OFF when the load is quite low.

[0006] Assuming each of the capacity radios, namely radio-3 and radio-4, takes the decision of performing the cell sleep action independent of one another, the parameters used in taking the decision to perform the cell sleep action might get polluted by the action of other radios. Also, the dynamicity of the UE traffic characteristics and UE mobility characteristics would also add further uncertainty in evaluating whether the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was good or not. Since the traffic and mobility patterns could be different in different cells / radios, the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep would be different in different cell / radio / site. Further, how the coverage relation between the coverage cells / radios and capacity cells / radios would impact the parameters that control the cell / radio sleep algorithms i.e., these parameters are expected to cell / radio / site specific. Thus, an automated tuning of cell / radio sleep parameters would be required. However, it is not clear what feedback would be necessary for tuning the cell / radio sleep parameters.

[0007] In other scenarios, such as where a function tries to wakes up a wakeup target from the energy saving state, when the traffic load associated with one or more overlapping resources is above a threshold. Consider again the example shown in Figure 1. In this deployment example, there are two capacity radios, namely radio-3 and radio-4. The radio-3 serves threedifferent cells on three different carriers, namely carrier- 1, carrier-2 and carrier-3. The radio-4 serves a cell on carrier-4. There are two coverage radios, namely radio-1 and radio-2. The radio-1 serves two different cells on two different carriers, namely carrier-5 and carrier-6. The radio-2 serves a cell on carrier-7. The coverage radios are expected to be turned ON all the time and the capacity radios are expected to be turned OFF when the load is quite low.

[0008] Assuming each of the capacity radios, namely radio-3 and radio-4, takes the decision of performing the wakeup action independent of one another, the parameters used in taking the decision to perform the cell wakeup action might get polluted by the action of other radios. Also, the dynamicity of the UE traffic characteristics and UE mobility characteristics would also add further uncertainty in evaluating whether the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was good or not. Since the traffic and mobility patterns could be different in different cells / radios, the parameters controlling the cell / radio wakeup would be different in different cell / radio / site. Further, how the coverage relation between the coverage cells / radios and capacity cells / radios would impact the parameters that control the cell / radio wakeup algorithms, e.g., these parameters are may be cell / radio / site specific. Thus, an automated tuning of cell / radio wakeup parameters would be required. However, it is not clear what feedback would be necessary for tuning the cell / radio wakeup parameters and how to use that feedback in tuning the cell / radio wakeup parameters.SUMMARY

[0009] One embodiment under the present disclosure comprises a method performed by a network node for tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the method comprising: collecting a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and changing the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters based at least in part on the first set of measurements.

[0010] Another embodiment under the present disclosure comprises a method performed by a second network node for assisting a first network node in tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the method comprising: collecting, in response to a request from the first network node, a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and transmitting, to the first network node, the first set of measurements.

[0011] Another embodiment under the present disclosure comprises a network node for tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the network node comprising; processing circuitry; and a memory storing instructions whereby the processing circuitry is operable to perform the steps of; collecting a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and changing the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters based at least in part on the first set of measurements.

[0012] Another embodiment under the present disclosure comprises a second network node for assisting a first network node in tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the network node comprising; processing circuitry; and a memory storing instructions whereby the processing circuitry is operable to perform the steps of; collecting, in response to a request from the first network node, a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and transmitting, to the first network node, the first set of measurements.

[0013] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an indication of the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Fig. 1 illustrates an example deployment scenarios with multiple carriers and radios;

[0016] Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0017] Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0018] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0019] Fig. 5 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0020] Fig. 6 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0021] Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0022] Fig. 8 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0023] Fig. 9 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0024] Fig. 10 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0025] Fig. 11 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0026] Fig. 12 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0027] Fig. 13 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0028] Fig. 14 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0029] Fig. 15 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0030] Fig. 16 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0031] Fig. 17 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0032] Fig. 18 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0033] Fig. 19 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0034] Fig. 20 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0035] Fig. 21 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0036] Fig. 22 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0037] Fig. 23 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0038] Fig. 24 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0039] Fig. 25 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0040] Fig. 26 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0041] Fig. 27 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0042] Fig. 28 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig. 29 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig. 30 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig. 31 illustrates a schematic flow-chart under the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig. 32 illustrates an embodiment of an 0-RAN configuration under the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig. 33 illustrates a flow-chart of a method embodiment under the present disclosure;

[0048] Fig. 34 illustrates a flow-chart of a method embodiment under the present disclosure;

[0049] Fig. 35 shows a schematic of a communication system embodiment under the present disclosure;

[0050] Fig. 36 shows a schematic of a communication system embodiment under the present disclosure;

[0051] Fig. 37 shows a schematic of a user equipment embodiment under the present disclosure;

[0052] Fig. 38 shows a schematic of a network node embodiment under the present disclosure; and

[0053] Fig. 39 shows a schematic of a virtualization environment embodiment under the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Before describing various embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the parameters of the particularly exemplified systems, methods, apparatus, products, processes, and / or kits, which may, of course, vary. Thus, while certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail, with reference to specific configurations, parameters, components, elements, etc., the descriptions are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed embodiments. In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing the embodiments and is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claimed embodiments. Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0055] As discussed above, there currently exist certain challenges in the state of the technology in the prior art.

[0056] In certain scenarios, a function tries to put a sleep / wakeup target into sleep or wakeup state, when the traffic load associated with the target is high / low and there is another overlapping resource to provide services (for example coverage) when the target is put to sleep / wakeup state. Also, the dynamicity of the UE traffic characteristics and UE mobility characteristics would also add further uncertainty in evaluating whether the decision to performthe cell / radio sleep / wakeup was good or not. Since the traffic and mobility patterns could be different in different cells / radios, the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep / wakeup would be different in different cell / radio / site. Further, how the coverage relation between the coverage cells / radios and capacity cells / radios would impact the parameters that control the cell / radio sleep / wakeup algorithms i.e., these parameters are expected to cell / radio / site specific. Thus, an automated tuning of cell / radio sleep / wakeup parameters would be required. However, it is not clear what feedback would be necessary for tuning the cell / radio sleep / wakeup parameters.

[0057] Certain aspects of the disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. Certain embodiments propose the collection of a first set of measurements specific to tuning the cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters. Certain embodiments propose the measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters can have access to all / many of the relevant measurements. Certain embodiments also propose how to change the cell / radio sleep or wakeup thresholds based on the collected first set of measurements.

[0058] The first set of measurements can include one or more of the following: the duration between activating a cell / radio sleep (or wakeup) decision to the time of waking up (or putting to sleep) the cell / radio; the change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the load could be represented in terms of PRB utilization or the available capacity; the change on the metric used for sleep / wakeup decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from the cell / radio that went to sleep (or were woken up) by the coverage cell(s); the number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from the cell / radio that went to sleep (or were woken up) by the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the time of cell / radio sleep (or wakeup)decision making; the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision during a time interval; the change in the UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the change in the UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; the time between deciding to sleep a cell / radio and actually sleeping or waking the cell / radio. Other measurements or values are possible to use.

[0059] Certain embodiments of how first set of measurements could be used to tune the cell / radio sleep / wakeup related parameters are described below. It is to be noted that the automation of the cell sleep / wakeup functionality can be achieved using a certain rule based algorithm (as further described below) or via an AI / ML algorithm. Such algorithms would use the above-mentioned measurements as inputs, amongst other measurements.

[0060] Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. Based on the proposed solution, the cell / radio sleep / wakeup parameters can be tuned continuously, thus adapting to the deployment characteristics, local traffic profile and also the local mobility characteristics.

[0061] Certain embodiments can include the collection of a first set of measurements specific to tuning the cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters. Certain embodiments can also propose how to change the cell / radio sleep or wakeup thresholds based on the collected first set of measurements. Certain embodiments include cell / radio sleep or wakeup related measurements for automating cell / radio sleep or wakeup parameters and their usage in automation decisions. Various possible and non-limiting embodiments are described below.Sleep Embodiments

[0062] Certain embodiments under the present disclosure relate to sleep configurations. Various embodiments are described below. It should be noted that the described embodiments could be applied to wakeup embodiments while keeping within the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0063] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the duration between activating a cell / radio sleep decision to the time of waking up the cell / radio. This measurement can be defined as: The duration between activating a cell / radio sleep decision to the time of waking up the cell / radio can be modelled as a timer value that is started at time T1 andstopped at time T2. In some embodiment, T1 is the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep. In some other embodiment, T1 is the time at which the cell / radio completes offloading of all the users because of the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep. In some other embodiment, T1 is the time at which the cell / radio goes to deep sleep. In some embodiment, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep. In some other embodiment, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio becomes available for traffic handling after being woken up from sleep.

[0064] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the time interval between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one and could be seen as a positive reinforcement for the parameters used to set the cell / radio to sleep. If one would like to attempt to further increase the time between T1 and T2 even more, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. If the time interval between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not to be a successful one. If one would like to increase the time interval between T1 and T2 more, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. An example flow chart to capture the method of the algorithm that used the time interval between T1 and T2 is given below in Figure 2. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the time intervalbetween T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0065] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric or the available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell). In some embodiments this metric is computed based on the DL metrics and in some other embodiments, this metric is computed based on the UL metrics. In such a method, the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=Tl, T1 being the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep (Loadi-i). Further, the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=T2, T2 being a fixed time interval after T1 (LoadT2). Then the change in the load, (Load 2 - Load i), is computed.

[0066] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the load between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in load between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the load increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the load between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in load of coverage cell between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacitycell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the load increase in the coverage cell during time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example flow chart to capture the method of the algorithm that used the load metrics between T1 and T2 is given below in Figure 3. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in load measurement at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0067] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The change in number of actives UE in DL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the coverage cell(s). This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in DL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0068] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait forthe PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in DL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 4. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0069] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The change in number of actives UE in UL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by the coverage cell(s). This measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell refers tothe difference in the number of active UEs in UL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0070] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in UL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 5. The actions to changethe parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL measurement at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0071] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The change in number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in number of UEs at a measurement sampling instances before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of RRC connected UEs as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0072] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of RRC connected UEs increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one couldattempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is grater than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 6. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0073] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep. This measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) during Tl and T2. This measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of thedata volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0074] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL change in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Thresh old- 1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in data volume transmitted in DL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in data volume transmitted in DL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater thanThreshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 7. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in DL by the coverage cell at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0075] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision. The measurement can be defined as: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2. This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell (s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0076] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl).For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the coverage cell during time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in data volume transmitted in UL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in data volume transmitted in UL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is grater than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 8. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in UL by the coverage cell at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0077] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the number of RRC Inactive context fetches requested by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep. The measurement can be defined as: the number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is performed for a time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. This measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by thecoverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests at the cell / radio that went to sleep).

[0078] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is appropriate. Further, this could also act as an indication that many of the RRC Inactive UEs are transitioning to RRC Connected and thus any load increase (e.g., load increases above another threshold during the measurement interval) in the coverage cell(s) could be a result of traffic pattern from such UEs. This could also lead to delaying the decision to sleep the cell / radio in the future. If the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is inappropriate. An action could be taken to increase / change the set of cells that are treated as the coverage cell(s) while taking the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep. An example flow chart to capture the method of the algorithm that used the number of inactive context fetch requests from the coverage cell(s) is given below in Figure 9. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests by the coverage cell in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0079] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the cell / radio that went to sleep by the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the time of cell / radio sleep decision making. The measurement can be defined as: The number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the cells that are not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is performed for a time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. Here the term ‘treated as coverage cells’ refers to the cells that were considered to be coverage cells at the time of performing the action of sleeping the capacity cell / radio. This measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cells nottreated as coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests at the cell / radio that went to sleep).

[0080] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is not appropriate. An action could be taken to increase / change the set of cells that are treated as the coverage cell(s) while taking the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep. Those cell(s) that sent the large number of RRC inactive context fetch requests (above a threshold) could be added to the list of cells to be treated as coverage cells. If the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is appropriate. An example flow chart to capture the method of the algorithm that used the number of inactive context fetch requests from the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) is given below in Figure 10. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0081] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision during a time interval. The measurement can be defined as: The number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision during a time interval is the number of times the capacity cell / radio has been put to sleep during the time interval.

[0082] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio sleep decision was not optimal and resulted in many wake-ups during this time interval. If one would like to attempt to decrease the number of activation of cell / radio sleep in that interval, then one can modifythe cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio sleep was large , then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio sleep decision was good and resulted in very few wake-ups during this time interval. If one would like to attempt to increase the number of activation of cell / radio sleep in that interval, then one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio sleep was small (less than a threshold) , then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 11. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average / sum of the number of times activating a cell / radio sleep decision in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0083] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) measurement during an interval is the DL UE throughput in the DL by the coverage cell(s) performed before and after activating the cell sleep decision. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell refers to the difference in the DL UE throughput as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments themaximum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0084] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T 1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 12. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the DL UE throughput measurement at T2and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0085] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the change in the UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) measurement during an interval is the UL UE throughput in the UL by the coverage cell(s) performed before and after activating the cell sleep decision. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. The change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell refers to the difference in the UL UE throughput as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval.

[0086] Adaptation of the cell / radio sleep decisions based on the measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T 1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in theUL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 13. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the UL UE throughput measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.

[0087] Certain embodiments of the first set of measurements include the time between deciding to sleep a cell / radio and actually sleeping the cell / radio. Definition of the measurement: The network node upon taking the decision to activate a cell / radio sleep decision, it initiates a timer which would be stopped when receiving an indication indicating that the cell / radio is put to sleep. There could be additional PM (performance management) counters associated to such a measurement. For example, there could be a PM counter that counts how often a cell / radio sleep decision is taken but such a decision is not activated within a duration.

[0088] Usage of such a measurement can take a variety of forms. For example, this measurement is useful in the shared RAN scenario wherein the cells belonging to one operator might be ready to go to sleep but the cells belonging to the other operator might not be ready. By creating such a counter, the first operator can get to know how much time only the second operator contributed to the energy consumption in that node.

[0089] In certain embodiments, the decision of putting the cell / radio to sleep (such as described in relation to various embodiments) could refer to one or more of the following:• Completely turning off the cell / radio;• Attempting to turn off the cell / radio by offloading the users but explicitly aborting the decision to turn off the cell / radio;• Attempting to turn off the cell / radio by offloading the users but failing in doing so.

[0090] Certain embodiments can include automation of cell / radio sleep parameters using multiple of first set of measurements. When using more than one measurements from the first set of measurements to tune the cell / radio sleep parameters, different methods of combining the outcome of the first set of measurements could be used. In some embodiments, weighted sum based methods are used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement- A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N2). Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the weighted sum based method to tune the cell / radio sleep would result in computing (W1*N1 + W2*N2) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (W3*N3 + W4*N4) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at a later stage. In some embodiments, a threshold based approach is used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N2). Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parametersresulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the threshold based method to tune the cell / radio sleep would result in computing (N1 > Thresholdl AND / OR N2 > Threshold2) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (N3 > Thresholds AND / OR N4 > Threshold4) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at a later stage.

[0091] Certain embodiments can comprise inter-node interface enhancements. Certain embodiments propose the measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio sleep parameters can have access to all the relevant measurements. In the explanation below, the first network node is considered to be the network node that performs the changes to the cell / radio sleep parameters and the second network node is considered to be the network node that performs the measurements that includes the first set of measurements mentioned in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the first network node requests a first set of parameters to be measured by the second network node and reported. Such a request could include certain event conditions fulfilling which the second network node is expected to send the first set of measurements to the first network node. One such event could be the expiration of timer (e.g., a periodic reporting or a specific time stamp). Another such event condition could be the changes in the cell / radio sleep state in a cell. Yet other such event condition could be in terms of the first set of measurement becoming available in the second network node. Another such event condition could be when the second network node has collected a set of first set of measurements that fills a configured memory size (e.g., once the collected first set of measurements reach 10MB).

[0092] In response to the request, the second network could indicate which of the first network node’s requested first set of measurements is acknowledged by the second network node. Further, the second network node could indicate the set of events upon which it could transmit the acknowledged first set of measurements to the first network node.

[0093] An example of the first network node could be a 0AM node. In another example, the first network node is a CU-CP. In another example, the first network node is a DU.In another example, the first network node is a CN node. In another example, the first network node is a non real time RIC node. In another example, the first network node is a near real time RIC node (i.e., O-CU-CP). In another example, the first network node is a real time RIC node (i.e., O-DU).

[0094] An example of the second network node could be a 0AM node. In another example, the second network node is a CU-CP. In another example, the second network node is a DU. In another example, the second network node is a CN node. In another example, the second network node is a non real time RIC node. In another example, the second network node is a near real time RIC node (i.e., O-CU-CP). In another example, the second network node is a real time RIC node (i.e., O-DU).

[0095] An example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a Fl interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a DU). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a El interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a CU-UP). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a Xn interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is another CU-CP). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a 01 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a O-CU-CP node). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a 02 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a O-DU node). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a NG interface (e.g., when first network node is a AMF node in the CN and the second network node is a CU-CP node).

[0096] It is to be noted that the first network node could collect first set of measurements from more than one second network node.Wake Up Embodiments

[0097] Certain embodiments under the present disclosure relate to wakeup configurations. Various embodiments are described below. It should be noted that the described embodiments could be applied to sleep embodiments as well while keeping within the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0098] One example of measurement is the duration between activating a cell / radio wake-up decision to the time of sleeping the cell / radio. Definition of the measurement: the duration between activating a cell / radio wake-up decision to the time of cell / radio sleep can be modelled as a timer value that is started at time T1 and stopped at time T2. In some embodiments, T1 is the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep. In some other embodiment, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio becomes available for traffic handling after being woken up from sleep. In some embodiments, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep. In some other embodiment, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio completes offloading of all the users because of the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep. In some other embodiment, T2 is the time at which the cell / radio goes to deep sleep. Implementing the measurement include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., less than a threshold, Threshold- 1 in Figure 14), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was not to be a successful one. If one would like to increase the time interval between T1 and T2 more, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wakeup is triggered later. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the coverage cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold-A and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wakeup the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold- B wherein Threshold-B is larger than Threshold-A. If the time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one and could be seen as a positive reinforcement for the parameters used to set the cell / radio to wakeup. One such example implementation is given in Figure 14. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the time interval between T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.

[0099] Another example of measurement is the change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric orthe available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell). In some embodiments this metric is computed based on the DL metrics and in some other embodiments, this metric is computed based on the UL metrics. In such a method, the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=Tl, T1 being the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep (LoadTl). Further, the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=T2, T2 being a fixed time interval after T1 (LoadT2). Then the change in the load, (Load i2 - Load i), is computed. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the load between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was not appropriate i.e., not many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio even after waking it up. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in load between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load decrease in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold- 1. If the change in the load between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., larger than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was appropriate i.e., many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio after waking it up. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in load of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load decrease in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. One such example implementation is given in Figure 15. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-upaction based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in load measurement at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000100] Another example of measurement is the change in the load of a cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric or the available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell). In such a method, the load of the cell(s) that is woken up is computed at time=Tl, T1 being a fixed time interval after waking up the cell / radio. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the load of the cell / radio that is woken-up at T1 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was not appropriate i.e., not many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio even after waking it up. If one would like to attempt to increase the load at Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load in capacity cell at Tl is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. If the load of the capacity cell at Tl is large (e.g., larger than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was appropriate i.e., many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio after waking it up. If one would like to attempt to decrease the load of the capacity cell / radio at Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load in capacity cell at Tl is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. One such example implementation is given in Figure 16. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. Whenmore than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the load of the capacity cell at T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000101] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The number of actives UE in DL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the coverage cell(s). This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in DL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold-1. If the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radiowake-up was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in DL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wakeup the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold- 2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1.’ An example implementation is given in Figure 17. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000102] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of active UEs in the DL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wakeup decision. Definition of the measurement: The number of actives UE in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the cell / radio that was woken up. This measurement is performed at time Tl wherein Tl is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. This measurement can be performed at Tl using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL in the cell that is woken upbetween the time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if at Tl, the number of active UEs in DL of the cell that is woken up is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. If the number of active UEs in DL of the cell / radio that is woken up is large at Tl (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one i.e., the capacity radio / cell took large load from the coverage cell after waking up. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up between time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at the time of waking up the capacity cell / radio). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in DL at Tl in the cell that is woken up is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 18. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up at Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000103] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wakeup decision. Definition of the measurement: The number of actives UE in UL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by the coverage cell(s). This measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up thecapacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in UL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold-1. If the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in UL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wakeup the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold- 2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure19. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL measurement at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000104] Another example of measurement is the number of active UEs in the UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The number of actives UE in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by the cell / radio that was woken up. This measurement is performed at time T1 wherein T1 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. This measurement can be performed at T1 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and T1 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL in the cell that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if at Tl, the number of active UEs in UL of the cell that is woken up is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. If the number of active UEs in UL of the cell / radio that is woken up is large at Tl (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was asuccessful one i.e., the capacity radio / cell took large load from the coverage cell after waking up. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up between time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at the time of waking up the capacity cell / radio). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in UL at Tl in the cell that is woken up is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 20. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up at Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000105] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wakeup decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in number of UEs at a measurement sampling instances before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs as measured during Tl and T2 at the coverage cell(s). This measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example,if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. If the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of RRC Connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of RRC Connected UEs in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. An example implementation is given in Figure 21. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000106] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of RRC connected UEs in the cell that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wakeup decision. Definition of the measurement: The number of RRC connected UEs of the cell / radiothat is woken up is the number of RRC Connected UEs at a measurement sampling instance taken after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time T1 wherein T1 is a time duration just after deciding to wake up the capacity cell / radio. The number of RRC connected UEs of the cell / radio that is woken up refers to the number of RRC Connected UEs as measured at T1. This measurement can be performed at T1 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up and T1 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up at T1 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs in cell / radio that is woken up between time of waking up and Tl is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1. If the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up and Tl is large (e.g., larger than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up at Tl (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs in cell / radiothat is woken up between time of waking up and T1 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is lower than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 22. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs at T1 in the cell that is woken up in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000107] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2. This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell (s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up relatedparameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 23. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in DL by the coverage cell at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000108] Another example embodiment of measurement is the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up is the data volume transmitted to the UEs by the cell that is woken up during a measurement interval after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed during an interval up to time Tl after waking up. This measurement can be performed during the interval up to Tl using different metrics. Insome embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up to T1 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up to Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up during time interval between the time of waking up and Tl is large, then one could attempt to wake up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up during time interval between the time of waking up and Tl is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. Anexample implementation is given in Figure 24. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in DL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000109] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2. This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell (s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of theautomation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the coverage cell during time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 25. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in UL by the coverage cell at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000110] Another example embodiment of measurement is the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up is the data volume transmitted to the UEs by the cell that is woken up during a measurement interval after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed during an interval up to time Tl after waking up. This measurement can be performed during the interval up to Tl using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum valueof the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up to T1 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up to Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during time interval between the time of waking up and Tl is large, then one could attempt to wake up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1. If the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during time interval between the time of waking up and Tl is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 26. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certainnumber of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in UL by the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000111] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the coverage cell(s) by the cell / radio that is woken up. Definition of the measurement: The number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the cell / radio that is woken up from the coverage cell(s) is performed for a time duration just after deciding to wakeup the capacity cell / radio. This measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up from the coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up from the coverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up). Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cell / radio that is woken up from the coverage cells is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as booster candidate cells in the algorithm deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio is appropriate. If the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cell / radio that is woken up from the coverage cell(s) is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio that is considered as capacity cell to offload the coverage cell might be inappropriate. An action could be taken to increase / change the set of cells that are treated as the capacity cell / radio while taking the decision to wake-up any sleeping cells / radios. An example implementation is given in Figure 27. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wakeup could be taken after every cell / radio wakeup action or after a certain number of cell / radio wakeup actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wakeup action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests from the coverage cell(s) by the cell / radio that is woken up, in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000112] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the timeof cell / radio wake-up decision making by the cell / radio that is woken up. Definition of the measurement: The number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the cell / radio that is woken up from the cells that are not considered as coverage cell(s) is performed for a time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. This measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up from the cells that are not considered as coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up from the cells not considered as coverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cell / radio that is woken up). Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cell / radio that is woken up from the cells that are not considered as coverage cells is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the capacity cell / radio that is woken up is taking in traffic from more than the coverage cells and thus the impact of load increases in the cell / radio that is woken up could be coming from the users not just belonging to the coverage cell(s) whose load increase would have triggered the waking up of the cell / radio from sleep. The measurement could be used to weigh the increase in the load of the cell that is woken up with the number (i.e., ratio) of RRC Inactive context fetches from the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) to realize how much load is coming from which cell(s). If the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cell / radio that is woken up from the cells that is not considered as coverage cell(s) is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio that is considered as capacity cell to offload the coverage cell might be appropriate. An example implementation is given in Figure 28. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wakeup could be taken after every cell / radio wakeup action or after a certain number of cell / radio wakeup actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wakeup action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests from the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) by the cell / radio that is woken up, in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000113] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of times of activating a cell / radio wake-up decision during a time interval. Definition of the measurement: The number of times of activating a cell / radio wake-up decision during a time interval is thenumber of times the capacity cell / radio has been woken up from sleep during the time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the number of times of activating a cell / radio wake-up decision is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio wake-up decision was not optimal and resulted in many subsequent sleeps during this time interval. If one would like to attempt to decrease the number of activation of cell / radio wake-up in that interval, then one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wale-up is triggered later. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio wake-up was large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold- 1. If the number of times of activating a cell / radio wake-up decision is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio wake-up decision was good and resulted in very few subsequent sleeps during this time interval. If one would like to attempt to increase the number of activation of cell / radio wake-up in that interval, then one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier. For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio wake-up was small (less than a threshold), then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 29. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average / sum of the number of times activating a cell / radio wake-up decision in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000114] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in UE throughput in DL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during ameasurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the UE throughput in DL in the coverage cell(s) refers to the difference in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2. This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wakeup is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. Anexample implementation is given in Figure 30. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000115] Another example embodiment of measurement is the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision. Definition of the measurement: The change in UE throughput in UL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up. This measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio. The change in the UE throughput in UL in the coverage cell(s) refers to the difference in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2. This measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the maximum value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. In some embodiments the minimum value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval. Implementing the measurement can include various adaptations of the cell / radio wake-up decisions. For example, if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one. If one would like to decrease the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., already when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio is lower at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1. If the change in the UL UEthroughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one. If one would like to increase the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wakeup is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl). For example, before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1. An example implementation is given in Figure 31. The actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions. When more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000116] Another example embodiment of measurement is the number of instances and / or time duration when a cell of operator 1 in a shared RAN deployment is woken up because of the necessity of the cell of operator 2. Definition of the measurement: The network node would count the number of instances during which a cell of operator 1 in a shared RAN deployment is woken up because of the decision of waking the cell belonging to operator 2. In another embodiment, this measurement is defined in such a way that the network node would calculate the amount of duration during which a cell of operator 1 in a shared RAN deployment is woken up because of the decision of waking the cell belonging to operator 2. Usage of such a measurement can take a variety of embodiments. For example, this measurement is useful in the shared RAN scenario wherein the cells belonging to one operator might be fine with continuing to sleep while the cells belonging to the other operator might want to wake up which in turn would wakeup the cells that would prefer to sleep. By creating such a counter, the first operator can get to know how much time only the second operator contributed to the energy consumption in that node.[000117] In other example, certain embodiments can comprise automation of cell / radio wake-up parameters using multiple of first set of measurements. When using more thanone measurements from the first set of measurements to tune the cell / radio wake-up parameters, different methods of combining the outcome of the first set of measurements could be used. In some embodiments, weighted sum based methods are used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wakeup should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an later stage (say N2). Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wakeup parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wakeup should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the weighted sum based method to tune the cell / radio wake-up would result in computing (W1*N1 + W2*N2) in deciding whether to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (W3*N3 + W4*N4) in deciding whether to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at a later stage. In some embodiments, a threshold based approach can be used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an later stage (say N2). Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wakeup parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wakeup should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio wake-up parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the threshold based method to tune the cell / radio wake-up would result in computing (Nl > Thresholdl AND / OR N2 > Threshold2) in deciding whether to change the cellwake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (N3 > Thresholds AND / OR N4 > Threshold4) in deciding whether to change the cell wake-up parameters such that the cell wake-up should be initiated at a later stage.[000118] In another example, certain embodiments can comprise inter-node interface enhancements. Certain embodiments can propose the measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio wakeup parameters can have access to all the relevant measurements. In the explanation below, the first network node is considered to be the network node that performs the changes to the cell / radio wakeup parameters and the second network node is considered to be the network node that performs the measurements that includes the first set of measurements mentioned in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the first network node requests a first set of parameters to be measured by the second network node and reported. Such a request could include certain event conditions fulfilling which the second network node is expected to send the first set of measurements to the first network node. One such event could be the expiration of timer (e.g., a periodic reporting or a specific time stamp). Another such event condition could be the changes in the cell / radio wakeup state in a cell. Yet other such event condition could be in terms of the first set of measurement becoming available in the second network node. Another such event condition could be when the second network node has collected a set of first set of measurements that fills a configured memory size (e.g., once the collected first set of measurements reach 10MB). In response to the request, the second network could indicate which of the first network node’s requested first set of measurements is acknowledged by the second network node. Further, the second network node could indicate the set of events upon which it could transmit the acknowledged first set of measurements to the first network node. An example of the first network node could be a 0AM node. In another example, the first network node is a CU-CP. In another example, the first network node is a DU. In another example, the first network node is a CN node. In another example, the first network node is a non real time RIC node. In another example, the first network node is a near real time RIC node (i.e., O-CU-CP). In another example, the first network node is a real time RIC node (i.e., 0-DU). An example of the second network node could be a 0AM node. In another example, the second network node is a CU-CP. In another example, the second network node is a DU. In another example, the second network node is a CN node. In another example, the second network node is a non real time RIC node. In another example, the second network node is a near real time RICnode (i.e., O-CU-CP). In another example, the second network node is a real time RIC node (i.e., O-DU). An example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a Fl interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a DU). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a El interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a CU- UP). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a Xn interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is another CU-CP). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a 01 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a O-CU-CP node). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a 02 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a 0-DU node). Another example of the interface between the first network node and the second network node is a NG interface (e.g., when first network node is a AMF node in the CN and the second network node is a CU-CP node). It is to be noted that the first network node could collect first set of measurements from more than one second network node.Cloud Embodiments[000119] Embodiments under the present disclosure (for both sleep and wakeup scenarios) include cloud-based embodiments and Open Radio Area Network (0-RAN) implementations. For example, certain embodiments can be implemented in a virtualized or containerized service or micro-service running in the cloud environment. Certain embodiments can comprise Open Radio Area Network (0-RAN) implementations. For example, certain embodiments can be implemented as an rAPP or an xAPP. Figure 32 illustrates a schematic view of one possible 0-RAN embodiment with system 2500. SMO (Service Management and Orchestration) framework 2510 can be in communication with an external system 2560, which provides enrichment data. Functions 2540 can be implemented within SMO framework 2510 both within and outside of non-RT RIC framework 2550, which may sit within non-RT RIC 2530. Within non-RT RIC 2530 there may also be rApps 2520 running. Connections (02, 01, Open FH M-Plane (Fronthaul Management Plane), Al) may provide communication between SMO framework 2510 or non-RT RIC framework 2550 with other components.Additional Embodiments[000120] Figure 33 illustrates one possible method embodiment under the present disclosure. Method 2700 comprises a method performed by a network node fortuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio. Step 2710 is collecting a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters. Step 2720 is changing the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters based at least in part on the first set of measurements. Method 2700 can comprise a variety of alternative, additional, and / or optional steps and / or other modifications. For example, some embodiments can further comprise forming a measurement collection framework between the network node and a second network node; wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the network node. In some variations, the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the second network node. In some embodiments, the first set of measurements includes one or more of a duration between activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision to the time of waking up / sleeping the cell / radio; a change in a load of one or more coverage cells during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a metric used for a sleep / wakeup decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs in DL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs in UL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of RRC connected UEs in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more coverage cells; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more neighbor cells that were not treated as one or more coverage cells at the time of cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision making; a number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision during a time interval; a change in a UE throughput in the DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a changein a UE throughput in the UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a time between deciding to sleep / wakeup a cell / radio and actually sleeping or waking up the cell / radio. In some variations, sleep / wakeup comprises one or more of: completely turning off a cell / radio; completely turning on a cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users and explicitly aborting a decision to turn off the cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users but failing in doing so. Some variations can further comprise transmitting a request, to a / the second network node, to measure at least one sleep / wakeup parameter and to report the at least one sleep / wakeup parameter to the network node. In some embodiments, the request includes one or more event conditions upon the fulfillment of which the second network node should send the at least one sleep / wakeup parameter to the network node. In some embodiments, the network node and / or the second network node comprises at least one of: an OAM node; a CU-CP; a DU; a Core Network (CN) node; a non- real time RIC node; a near real time RIC node; an O-CU-CP; a real time RIC node; an 0-DU. In some variations, collecting a first set of measurements comprises collecting measurements from multiple network nodes.[000121] Figure 34 illustrates another possible method embodiment under the present disclosure. Method 2900 comprises a method performed by a second network node for assisting a first network node in tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio. Step 2910 is collecting, in response to a request from the first network node, a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters. Step 2920 is transmitting, to the first network node, the first set of measurements. Method 2900 can comprise a variety of alternative, additional, and / or optional steps and / or other modifications. For example, some embodiments can further comprise forming a measurement collection framework between the network node and a second network node; wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the first network node. In some embodiments, the measurement collection framework is operable to indicate the first set of measurements to the second network node. In some embodiments, the measurement collection framework is configured to indicate to the second network node one or more triggers to perform the transmitting. In some variations, the one or more triggers comprise one or more of: every hour; upon a timer completing; upon entering sleep state; upon exiting sleep state. In some embodiments, the first set of measurements includes one or more of: a duration between activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision to the time of wakingup / sleeping the cell / radio; a change in a load of one or more coverage cells during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a metric used for a sleep / wakeup decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs in DL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs in UL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of RRC connected UEs in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more coverage cells; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more neighbor cells that were not treated as one or more coverage cells at the time of cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision making; a number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision during a time interval; a change in a UE throughput in the DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a UE throughput in the UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a time between deciding to sleep / wakeup a cell / radio and actually sleeping or waking up the cell / radio. In some variations, sleep / wakeup comprises one or more of: completely turning off a cell / radio; completely turning on a cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users and explicitly aborting a decision to turn off the cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users but failing in doing so. In some embodiments, the first network node and / or the second network node comprises at least one of: an OAM node; a CU-CP; a DU; a CN node; a non-real time RIC node; a near real time RIC node; an O-CU-CP; a real time RIC node; an 0-DU.[000122] Figure 35 shows an example of a communication system 4100 in accordance with some embodiments. In the example, the communication system 4100 includes a telecommunications network 4102 that includes an access network 4104, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 4106, which includes one or more core network nodes 4108. The access network 4104 includes one or more access network nodes or base stations of varioustypes, access network nodes 4110A and 4110B are depicted (which may be collectively referred to as network nodes 4110), or any other similar 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points (APs). Some embodiments of the access network 4104 may include more than one access network technology. The network nodes 4110 of access network 4104 facilitate direct or indirect connection of wireless devices, also referred to as user equipments (UEs), such as by connecting UEs 4112A, 4112B, 4112C, and 4112D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 4112) to the core network 4106 over one or more wireless connections.[000123] Moreover, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunications network 4102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a network node in the telecommunications network 4102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other network nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any network node in the telecommunications network 4102, including one or more access network nodes 4110 and / or core network nodes 4108.[000124] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU), an open distributed unit (O-DU), an open central unit (O-CU), including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification). An ORAN network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, Wl, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN network node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an 0-2 interface defined by the 0-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.[000125] The network nodes 4110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of one or more UEs 4112 to the core network 4106 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 4100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 4100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.[000126] The UEs 4112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 4110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 4108, 4110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via other devices of telecommunications network 4102) with the UEs 4112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network 4102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network 4102. More specifically, UEs 4112 may send messages, data, and / or other signals to network nodes 4108, 4110 or other elements of the telecommunications network 4102 by transmitting such signals to the relevant device directly without the signals passing through any intervening devices or by transmitting such signals to the relevant device indirectly through an intervening device (or multiple intervening devices) that then transmit the signal to the relevant device. Similarly, network nodes 4108, 4110 may send messages, data, and other signals to UEs 41122, other network nodes 4108, 4110, and other devices in telecommunications network 4102 directly or indirectly. As one specific example, a core network node 108 may transmit a particular message to a UE 4112 by transmitting the message to an access network node 4110 that will then transmit the message to the intended UE 4112.Similarly, a core network node 108 may receive a particular message from a UE 4112 by receiving the message from an access network node 4110 that itself received the message from the UE 4112.[000127] In the depicted example, the core network 4106 connects elements of the access network 4104 (e.g., one or more of the network nodes 4110) to one or more host computing systems, such as host 4116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 4106 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 4108) of various types, one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 4108. Network nodes 4108 are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, access network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 4108. Example core network nodes provide functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and / or a User Plane Function (UPF).[000128] The host 4116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 4104 and / or the telecommunications network 4102. The host 4116 may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 4116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.[000129] As a whole, the communication system 4100 of Figure 35 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system 4100 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / orother suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (Wi-Fi); and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max), Bluetooth, Z- Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, Li-Fi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. Moreover, the communication system 4100 may be configured to support multiple different standards, protocols, or other rule sets, with individual components supporting all of the relevant rule sets or with different components or sub-systems within the communication system 4100 supporting different standards, protocols, or rule sets.[000130] As one example, in certain embodiments, access network 4104 may contain some access network nodes 4110 that support 3GPP radio access technologies (RAT), such as LTE or NR, while other access network nodes 4110 support (or the same access network nodes 4110 additionally support) non-3GPP RATs, such as Wi-Fi or a proprietary RAT. As another example, telecommunications network 4102 may support multiple generations of related communication standards (e.g., 4G and 5G 3GPP communication standards) and, as a result, may include an access network 104 and / or a core network 106 that supports multiple different standard generations or may include multiple access networks 104 and / or multiple core networks 106 with individual networks 104, 106 supporting different standard generations.[000131] Telecommunications network 4102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunications network 4102. For example, the telecommunications network 4102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive loT services to yet further UEs.[000132] In some examples, one or more of the UEs 4112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 4104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 4104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi -standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio)and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi -radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).[000133] In the example, the hub 4114 communicates with the access network 4104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 4112C and / or 4112D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 4110B). In some examples, the hub 4114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 4114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 4106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 4114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 4110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 4114.[000134] As another example, the hub 4114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 4114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 4114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 4114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 4114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.[000135] The hub 4114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 4110B. The hub 4114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 4114 and UEs (e.g., UE 4112C and / or 4112D), and between the hub 4114 and the core network 4106. In other examples, the hub 4114 is connected to the core network 4106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 4114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 4104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 4110 while still connected via the hub 4114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 4114 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 4110B. In other embodiments, the hub 4114 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable ofoperating to route communications between the UEs and network node 4110B, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.[000136] Figure 36 is another example of a communication system 4200 according to some embodiments. As used herein, the communication system 4200 includes multiple access points (APs) 4210 (with four exemplary APs 4210A, 4210B, 4210C, and 4210D being depicted) and multiple wireless devices, referred to in the context of communication system 4200 as stations (STAs) 4212 (referred to individually as STA 4212A, STA 4212B, STA 4212C, STA 4212D, and STA 4212E). STA 4212A is served by AP 4210A in a first basic service set (BSS) 4220A. STA 4210B and STA 4210C are served by AP 4210B in a second BSS, BSS 4220B. STA 4212D is served by AP 4210C in a third BSS, BSS 4220C. STA 4212E is served by AP 4210D in a fourth BSS, BSS 4220D. Stations 4212 may be non-AP STAs and correspond to various kinds of wireless devices, for example, user terminals, such as mobile or stationary computing devices like smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, gaming devices, headmounted displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), or the like. Further, stations 4212 could, for example, correspond to other kinds of equipment like smart home devices, printers, multimedia devices, data storage devices, or the like.[000137] Each of STAs 4212 may connect through a radio link to one of APs 4210. For example, depending on location or channel conditions experienced by a given STA 4212, the STA may select an appropriate AP and BSS for establishing the radio link. The radio link may be based on one or more orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) carriers from a frequency spectrum that is shared on the basis of a contention-based mechanism, e.g., an unlicensed or license exempt band like 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, or the 60 GHz band.[000138] Each AP 4210 may provide data connectivity to STAs 4212 connected to a particular AP 4210. As illustrated, APs 4210 may be connected to a data network 4230. In this way, APs 4210 may also provide data connectivity between STAs 4212 and other entities, e.g., to one or more servers, service providers, data sources, data sinks, user terminals, or the like. Accordingly, the radio link established between a given STA 4212 and its serving AP 4210 may be used for providing various kinds of services to STA 4212, e.g., a voice service, a multimedia service, or other data service. Such services may be based on applications that are executed onSTA 4212 and / or on a device linked to STA 4212. By way of example, Figure 36 illustrates an application service platform 4232 provided in data network 4230. The application(s) executed on STA 4212 and / or on one or more other devices linked to STA 4212 may use the radio link for data communication with one or more other STA 4212 and / or the application service platform 4232, thereby enabling utilization of the corresponding service(s) at STA 4212.[000139] Figure 37 shows a wireless device 4300, which may be configured to operate in communication system 4100 of Figure 35 or in communication system 4200 of Figure 36. The wireless device 4300 may be alternatively referred to as a UE 4300, like a UE 4112 within the context of communication system 4100, or as a station (STA) 4300 or as a non-access-point station (non-AP STA) 4300, like a STA 4212 within the context of the communication system 4200, in accordance with respective embodiments. As used herein, a wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, and wireless terminal. Other examples include any type of UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.[000140] A wireless device 4300 may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3 GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, wireless device 4300 may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, wireless device 4300 may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, wireless device 4300 mayrepresent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).[000141] In particular embodiments, wireless device 4300 includes processing circuitry 4302 that is operatively coupled via a bus 4304 to an input / output interface 4306, a power source 4308, a memory 4310, a communication interface 4312, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain embodiments of wireless device 4300 may include all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 37. The level of integration between the components may vary from one embodiment of wireless device 4300 to another. In general, in a particular embodiment of wireless device 4300, processing circuitry 4302, input / output interface 4306, power source 4308, memory 4310, and communication interface 4312 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of wireless device 4300. Further, certain embodiments of wireless devices 4300 may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.[000142] The processing circuitry 4302 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 4310. The processing circuitry 4302 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general -purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 4302 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).[000143] In the example, the input / output interface 4306 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into wireless device 4300. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. Thepresence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.[000144] In some embodiments, the power source 4308 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used to supply power to circuitry or to charge an associated battery. The power source 4308 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 4308 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of wireless device 4300 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power source 4308 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to make accessible power suitable for the respective components of the wireless device 4300 to which power is supplied.[000145] The memory 4310 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 4310 includes one or more programs 4314, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 4316. The memory 4310 may store, for use by wireless device 4300, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.[000146] The memory 4310 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD- DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and / orISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’ The memory 4310 may allow wireless device 4300 to access instructions, programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 4310, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.[000147] The processing circuitry 4302 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network via or using the communication interface 4312. The communication interface 4312 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 4322. The communication interface 4312 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another wireless device or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 4318 and / or a receiver 4320 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). Moreover, the transmitter 4318 and receiver 4320 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 4322) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.[000148] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 4312 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard), LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / intemet protocol (TCP / IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.[000149] In particular embodiments, wireless device 4300 may provide an output of data captured via a sensor, through its communication interface 4312, via a wireless connection toa network node, and / or in any appropriate manner. Data captured by sensors of a wireless device 4300 can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another wireless device 4300. In particular embodiments, such output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).[000150] As another example, wireless device 4300 comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, wireless device 4300 may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.[000151] Wireless device 4300, when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Nonlimiting examples of such an loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. In particular embodiments, wireless device 4300 represents an loT device that comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the loT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the example embodiment of wireless device 4300 shown in Figure 37.[000152] As yet another specific example, in an loT scenario, wireless device 4300 may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another wireless device and / or a network node. Wireless device 4300 may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, wireless device 4300 may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, wireless device 4300 may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.[000153] In practice, any number of wireless devices 4300 may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first wireless device 4300 might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second wireless device 4300 that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes changes from the remote controller, the first wireless device 4300 may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second wireless device 4300 can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, wireless device 4300 might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.[000154] Figure 38 shows a network node 4400 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunications network. In accordance with respective embodiments, network node 4400 may be configured to operate in communication system 4100 of Figure 35, like network nodes 4108 or 4110, or in communication system 4200 of Figure 36, like an AP 4210 or a station 4212. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR. NodeBs (gNBs)), 0-RAN nodes or components of an 0-RAN node (e.g., O- RU, 0-DU, O-CU).[000155] Network nodes 4400 may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro basestations, or macro base stations. Network node 4400 may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. Network nodes 4400 may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).[000156] Other examples of network nodes 4400 include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).[000157] In particular embodiments, network node 4400 includes a processing circuitry 4402, a memory 4404, a communication interface 4406, and a power source 4408. In general, in a particular embodiment of network node 4400, processing circuitry 4402, memory 4404, communication interface 4406, and power source 4408 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of network node 4400.[000158] The network node 4400 may be composed of multiple distinct network entities (e.g., a NodeB entity and a RNC entity, or a BTS entity and a BSC entity, etc.), which may each have or utilize their own respective physical components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 4400 comprises multiple such entities (e.g., BTS and BSC), one or more of the separate entities may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 4400 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories 4404 or portions of memory 4404 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 4410 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 4400 may also include multiple sets of thevarious illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 4400, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard), Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 4400.[000159] The processing circuitry 4402 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components, such as the memory 4404, to provide network node 4400 functionality.[000160] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 4402 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 4402 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 4412 and baseband processing circuitry 4414. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry 4412 and the baseband processing circuitry 4414 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 4412 and baseband processing circuitry 4414 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.[000161] The memory 4404 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 4402. The memory 4404 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 4402 and utilized by the network node 4400. The memory 4404 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 4402 and / or any data received via the communication interface 4406. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 4402 and memory 4404 is integrated.[000162] The communication interface 4406 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data with UEs, other network nodes, and / or any other network equipment. In the illustrated embodiment, communication interface 4406 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 4416 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. In particular embodiments, network node 4300 may be capable of wireless communication and communication interface 4406 may also include radio front-end circuitry 4418 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, an antenna 4410. Particular embodiments of radio front-end circuitry 4418 include filter(s) 4420 and amplifier(s) 4422. The radio front-end circuitry 4418 may be connected to an antenna 4410 and processing circuitry 4402. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 4410 and processing circuitry 4402. The radio front-end circuitry 4418 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio frontend circuitry 4418 may convert the digital data into a radio signal(s) having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 4420 and / or amplifiers 4422. The radio signal(s) may then be transmitted via the antenna 4410. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 4410 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 4418. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 4402. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.[000163] In certain alternative embodiments, network node 4400 may be capable of wireless communication but does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 4418, instead, the processing circuitry 4402 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 4410. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 4412 is part of the communication interface 4406. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 4406 includes one or more ports or terminals 4416, the radio front-end circuitry 4418, and the RF transceiver circuitry 4412, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 4406 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 4414, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).[000164] The antenna 4410 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 4410 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 4418 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving dataand / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 4410 is separate from the network node 4400 and connectable to the network node 4400 through one or more interfaces or ports.[000165] The antenna 4410, communication interface 4406, and / or the processing circuitry 4402 may be configured to perform some or all of the receiving operations and / or obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node 4400. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 4410, the communication interface 4406, and / or the processing circuitry 4402 may be configured to perform some or all of the transmitting or sending operations described herein as being performed by the network node 4400. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.[000166] The power source 4408 provides power to the various components of network node 4400 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The power source 4408 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 4400 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 4400 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 4408. As a further example, the power source 4408 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.[000167] Embodiments of the network node 4400 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 38 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 4400 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 4400 and to allow output of information from the network node 4400. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 4400.[000168] Figure 39 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 4500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context,virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 4500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as an access network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which a virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host), then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 4500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an 0-2 interface.[000169] Applications 4502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.[000170] Hardware 4504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 4506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VM 4508A and VM 4508B (which may be collectively referred to as VMs 4508), and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 4506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to one or more of the VMs 4508.[000171] The VMs 4508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by virtualization layer 4506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 4502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 4508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used toconsolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.[000172] In the context of NFV, each of the VMs 4508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 4508, and that part of hardware 4504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more of the VMs 4508 on top of the hardware 4504 and corresponds to an application 4502.[000173] Hardware 4504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 4504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 4504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 4510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 4502. In some embodiments, hardware 4504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 4512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.[000174] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.[000175] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.Example Embodiments[000176] Below are provided, by way of example only, a variety of possible embodiments under the present disclosure.Group A Embodiments[000177] A first embodiment comprises a method performed by a wireless device for tuning cell / radio sleep parameters, the method comprising: collecting a first set of measurements specific to tuning the cell / radio sleep parameters; (optional) forming a measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio sleepparameters can have access to all the relevant measurements; and changing the cell / radio sleep thresholds based at least in part on the collected first set of measurements.[000178] A second embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.Group B Embodiments[000179] A third embodiment is a method performed by a network node for tuning the cell / radio sleep parameters, the method comprising: collecting a first set of measurements specific to tuning the cell / radio sleep parameters; (optional) forming a measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio sleep parameters can have access to all the relevant measurements; and changing the cell / radio sleep thresholds based at least in part on the collected first set of measurements.[000180] A fourth embodiment is a method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes one or more of: The duration between activating a cell / radio sleep decision to the time of waking up the cell / radio; The change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The load could be represented in terms of PRB utilization or the available capacity; The change on the metric used for sleep decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision; The number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from the cell / radio that went to sleep by the coverage cell(s); The number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from the cell / radio that went to sleep by the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the time of cell / radio sleep decision making; The number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision during a time interval; The change in the UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval afteractivating the cell / radio sleep decision; The change in the UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep decision; The time between deciding to sleep a cell / radio and actually sleeping the cell / radio.[000181] A fifth embodiment is the method of the third or fourth embodiment, wherein the automation of the cell sleep functionality can be achieved using a certain rule based algorithm or via an AI / ML algorithm. Such algorithms would use the above-mentioned measurements as inputs, amongst other measurements.[000182] A sixth embodiment is the method of any of the third to fifth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the duration between activating a cell / radio sleep decision to the time of waking up the cell / radio, and optionally wherein at least one of: this measurement can be defined as: The duration between activating a cell / radio sleep decision to the time of waking up the cell / radio can be modelled as a timer value that is started at time T1 and stopped at time T2. In some embodiment, T1 is the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep; T1 is the time at which the cell / radio completes offloading of all the users because of the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep; T1 is the time at which the cell / radio goes to deep sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio becomes available for traffic handling after being woken up from sleep; if the time interval between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one and could be seen as a positive reinforcement for the parameters used to set the cell / radio to sleep; if one would like to attempt to further increase the time between T1 and T2 even more, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier; before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold- 1; if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not to be a successful one; if one would like to increase the time interval between T1 and T2 more, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later; before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilizationin the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the time interval between T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000183] A seventh embodiment is the method of any of the third to sixth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric or the available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell); this metric is computed based on the DL metrics and in some other embodiments, this metric is computed based on the UL metrics; the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=Tl, T1 being the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep (Load i); the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=T2, T2 being a fixed time interval after T1 (Load 2); the change in the load, (Loadi2 - Load i), is computed; if the change in the load between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in load between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the load increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; if the change in the load between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in load of coverage cell between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cellcan take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the load increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in load measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000184] An eighth embodiment is the method of any of the third to seventh embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The change in number of actives UE in DL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the coverage cell(s); this measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in DL as measured during Tl and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEsin DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the number of active UEs in DL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000185] A ninth embodiment is the method of any of the third to eighth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The change in number of actives UE in UL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by thecoverage cell(s); this measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in UL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the number of active UEs in UL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL measurement at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000186] A tenth embodiment comprises any of the third to ninth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The change in number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in number of UEs at a measurement sampling instances before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep; this measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of RRC connected UEs as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of RRC connected UEs increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when thePRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is grater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000187] A eleventh embodiment comprises any of the third to tenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep; this measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) during Tl and T2; this measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments themaximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL by the coverage cell(s) between T 1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL change in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in data volume transmitted in DL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in data volume transmitted in DL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is grater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volumetransmitted in DL by the coverage cell at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000188] A twelfth embodiment comprises any of the third to eleventh embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The change in data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in data volume transmitted to the UEs by the coverage cell(s) during a measurement interval before and after the activation of booster cell / radio sleep; this measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell refers to the difference in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) during T1 and T2; this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics. In some embodiments the average value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the sum value of the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL by the coverage cell(s) between T 1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in the data volume transmitted to the UEs in UL in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold- 2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; if the change in the data volume transmittedto the UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in data volume transmitted in UL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in data volume transmitted in UL to the UEs of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is grater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the data volume transmitted in UL by the coverage cell at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000189] A thirteenth embodiment comprises any of the third to twelfth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the number of RRC Inactive context fetches requested by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: the number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is performed for a time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; this measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the coverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests at the cell / radio that went to sleep); if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is appropriate; this could also act as an indication that many of the RRC Inactive UEs are transitioning to RRC Connected and thus any load increase (e.g., load increases aboveanother threshold during the measurement interval) in the coverage cell(s) could be a result of traffic pattern from such UEs; this could also lead to delaying the decision to sleep the cell / radio in the future. If the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is inappropriate; an action could be taken to increase / change the set of cells that are treated as the coverage cell(s) while taking the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests by the coverage cell in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000190] A fourteenth embodiment comprises any of the third to thirteenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the cell / radio that went to sleep by the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the time of cell / radio sleep decision making, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The number of RRC inactive context fetches requested by the cells that are not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is performed for a time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio. Here the term ‘treated as coverage cells’ refers to the cells that were considered to be coverage cells at the time of performing the action of sleeping the capacity cell / radio; this measurement could be in terms of absolute numbers (i.e., the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s)) or as a relative comparison (i.e., ratio of the number of RRC inactive context fetch requests by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) and the total number of RRC inactive context fetch requests at the cell / radio that went to sleep); if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is not appropriate; an action could be taken to increase / change the set of cells that are treated as the coverage cell(s) while taking the decision to put the cell / radio to sleep; those cell(s) that sent the large number of RRC inactive context fetch requests (above a threshold) could be added to the list of cells to be treatedas coverage cells; if the number of RRC inactive context fetches by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) from the cell / radio that went to sleep is small (e.g., less than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cells that are considered as coverage cells in the algorithm deciding to put the cell / radio sleep is appropriate; updating the list of coverage cells based on the / / Inactive context fetch based KPIs; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Inactive fetch requests by the cells not treated as coverage cell(s) in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000191] A fifteenth embodiment comprises any of the third to fourteenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision during a time interval, and optionally wherein at least one of: the measurement can be defined as: The number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision during a time interval is the number of times the capacity cell / radio has been put to sleep during the time interval; if the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio sleep decision was not optimal and resulted in many wake-ups during this time interval; if one would like to attempt to decrease the number of activation of cell / radio sleep in that interval, then one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later; before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio sleep was large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; if the number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep decision is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then it acts as an indication that the cell / radio sleep decision was good and resulted in very few wake-ups during this time interval; if one would like to attempt to increase the number of activation of cell / radio sleep in that interval, then one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier; before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the number of activation of cell / radio sleep was small (less than a threshold),then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold-1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average / sum of the number of times activating a cell / radio sleep decision in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000192] A sixteenth embodiment comprises any of the third to fifteenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) measurement during an interval is the DL UE throughput in the DL by the coverage cell(s) performed before and after activating the cell sleep decision; this measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell refers to the difference in the DL UE throughput as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one couldattempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; if the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in the DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at T1 and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in DL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the DL UE throughput measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000193] A seventeenth embodiment comprises any of the third to sixteenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the change in the UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) measurement during an interval is the UL UE throughput in the UL by the coverage cell(s) performed before and after activating the cell sleep decision; this measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to sleep the capacity cell / radio; the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell refers to the difference in the UL UE throughput as measured during Tl and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics; in some embodiments the average value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the maximum value of theUL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; in some embodiments the minimum value of the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was not a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered later (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be lower at T1 and / or wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold-1 and if the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; if the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio sleep was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in the UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 (i.e., coverage cell can take more load from capacity cell), one can modify the cell / radio sleep related parameters such that the cell / radio sleep is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the capacity cell / radio to be higher at Tl and / or when for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was slept when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was below Threshold- 1 and if the change in UL UE throughput in the coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to put the cell / radio to sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is below Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep could be taken after every cell / radio sleep action or after a certain number of cell / radio sleep actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio sleep action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the UL UE throughput measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio sleep.[000194] A eighteenth embodiment comprises any of the third to seventeenth embodiments, wherein the first set of measurements includes the time between deciding to sleep a cell / radio and actually sleeping the cell / radio, and optionally wherein at least one of: the network node upon taking the decision to activate a cell / radio sleep decision, it initiates a timer which would be stopped when receiving an indication indicating that the cell / radio is put to sleep; there could be additional PM (performance management) counters associated to such a measurement; there could be a PM counter that counts how often a cell / radio sleep decision is taken but such a decision is not activated within a duration; usage of such a measurement can take a variety of forms; this measurement is useful in the shared RAN scenario wherein the cells belonging to one operator might be ready to go to sleep but the cells belonging to the other operator might not be ready; by creating such a counter, the first operator can get to know how much time only the second operator contributed to the energy consumption in that node.[000195] A nineteenth embodiment comprises any of the previous embodiments, wherein the decision of putting the cell / radio to sleep in could refer to one or more of the following: Completely turning off the cell / radio; Attempting to turn off the cell / radio by offloading the users but explicitly aborting the decision to turn off the cell / radio; Attempting to turn off the cell / radio by offloading the users but failing in doing so.[000196] A twentieth embodiment comprises any of the previous embodiments, wherein it includes automation of cell / radio sleep parameters using multiple of first set of measurements.[000197] A twenty-first embodiment comprises any of the previous embodiments, wherein when using more than one measurements from the first set of measurements to tune the cell / radio sleep parameters, different methods of combining the outcome of the first set of measurements could be used.[000198] A twenty-second embodiment comprises the method of the twenty-first embodiment, wherein weighted sum based methods are used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N2).Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the weighted sum based method to tune the cell / radio sleep would result in computing (W1*N1 + W2*N2) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (W3*N3 + W4*N4) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at a later stage.[000199] A twenty-third embodiment comprises the method of the twenty-first embodiment, wherein a threshold based approach is used. For example, one can compute how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say Nl) and how often the measurement-A of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N2). Similarly, one can compute how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage (say N3) and how often the measurement-B of first set of measurements based adaptation of the cell / radio sleep parameters resulted in a decision to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an later stage (say N4). Then the threshold based method to tune the cell / radio sleep would result in computing (Nl > Thresholdl AND / OR N2 > Threshold2) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at an earlier stage and in computing (N3 > Thresholds AND / OR N4 > Threshold4) in deciding whether to change the cell sleep parameters such that the cell sleep should be initiated at a later stage.[000200] A twenty-fourth embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the first network node requests a first set of parameters to be measured by the second network node and reported.[000201] A twenty -fifth embodiment comprises the method of the twenty-fourth embodiment, wherein such a request could include certain event conditions fulfilling which the second network node is expected to send the first set of measurements to the first network node.[000202] A twenty-sixth embodiment comprises the method of the twenty-fifth embodiment, wherein the event comprises at least one of the expiration of timer (e.g., a periodic reporting or a specific time stamp); the changes in the cell / radio sleep state in a cell; in terms of the first set of measurement becoming available in the second network node; when the second network node has collected a set of first set of measurements that fills a configured memory size (e.g., once the collected first set of measurements reach 10MB).[000203] A twenty-seventh embodiment comprises the method of the twenty-fourth to twenty-sixth embodiment, wherein in response to the request, the second network could indicate which of the first network node’s requested first set of measurements is acknowledged by the second network node. Further, the second network node could indicate the set of events upon which it could transmit the acknowledged first set of measurements to the first network node.[000204] A twenty-eighth embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the first network node comprises at least one of a 0AM node; a CU-CP; a DU; a CN node; a non real time RIC node; a near real time RIC node (i.e., O-CU-CP); a real time RIC node (i.e., 0-DU).[000205] A twenty-ninth embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the second network node comprises at lest one of a 0AM node; a CU-CP; a DU; a CN node; a non real time RIC node; a near real time RIC node (i.e., O-CU-CP); a real time RIC node (i.e., 0-DU).[000206] A thirtieth embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the interface between the first network node and the second network node is at least one of a Fl interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a DU); a El interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is a CU-UP); a Xn interface (e.g., when first network node is a CU-CP and the second network node is another CU-CP); a 01 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a O-CU-CP node); a 02 interface (e.g., when first network node is a non-real time RIC node and the second network node is a 0-DU node); a NGinterface (e.g., when first network node is a AMF node in the CN and the second network node is a CU-CP node).[000207] A thirty-first embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the first network node could collect first set of measurements from more than one second network node.[000208] A thirty-second embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein it is implemented in a virtualized or containerized service or micro-service running in the cloud environment.[000209] A thirty-third embodiment comprises the method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein it is implemented in at least one of: an O-RAN Implementation; as an rAPP or an xAPP; a high-level system view of SMO, non-RT RIC and rAPP from O-RAN architecture; a high-level system view of Service Management and Orchestration (SMO), non-RT RIC, rAPP.Group C Embodiments[000210] A thirty -fourth embodiment comprises a wireless device for tuning cell / radio sleep parameters, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments; and a power source configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.[000211] A thirty-fifth embodiment comprises a network node for tuning cell / radio sleep parameters, the network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments; a power source circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.[000212] A thirty-sixth embodiment comprises a wireless device for tuning cell / radio sleep parameters, the wireless device comprising: one or more antennas; communication interface connected to the one or more antennas and to processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a power source connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.Group D Embodiments[000213] A first embodiment comprises a method performed by a wireless device for tuning cell / radio wakeup parameters, the method comprising: collecting one or more measurements (e.g., specific to tuning cell / radio wakeup parameters); and changing one or more cell / radio wakeup thresholds based at least in part on the collected one or more measurements.[000214] A second embodiment comprises any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.Group E Embodiments[000215] A third embodiment comprises a method performed by a network node for tuning cell / radio wakeup parameters, the method comprising: collecting one or more measurements; and changing one or more cell / radio wakeup thresholds based at least in part on the collected one or more measurements.[000216] A fourth embodiment comprises the method of the third embodiment, wherein the collecting is part of a measurement collection framework between two network nodes so that the node trying to configure the cell / radio wakeup parameters can have access to all / many relevant measurements.[000217] A fifth embodiment comprises the method of the third or fourth embodiments, wherein the one or more measurements are specific to tuning cell / radio wakeup parameters.[000218] A sixth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to fifth embodiments, wherein the one or more measurements includes one or more of: The duration between activating a cell / radio wake-up decision to the time of sleeping the cell / radio; The change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision; The load could be represented in terms of PRB utilization or the available capacity; The change in the load of a cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The load could be represented in terms of PRB utilization or the available capacity; The change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The number of active UEs in the DL in the cell / radiothat is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision; The number of active UEs in the UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wakeup decision; The number of RRC connected UEs in the cell that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision; The data volume transmitted to UEs in the DL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The change in the data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision; The data volume transmitted to UEs in the UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision; The number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the coverage cell(s) by the cell / radio that is woken up; The number of RRC Inactive context fetches from the neighbor cells that were not treated as coverage cell(s) at the time of cell / radio wake-up decision making by the cell / radio that is woken up; The number of times of activating a cell / radio wake-up decision during a time interval; The change in the average UE throughput in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The change in the average UE throughput in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; The number of instances and / or time duration when a cell of operator 1 in a shared RAN deployment is woken up because of the necessity of the cell of operator 2.[000219] A seventh embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to sixth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the duration between activating a cell / radio wake-up decision to the time of sleeping the cell / radio, and optionally wherein at least one of: the duration between activating a cell / radio wake-up decision to the time of cell / radio sleep can be modelled as a timer value that is started at time T1 and stopped at time T2; T1 is the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio becomes available for traffic handling after being woken up from sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio sleep algorithm decides to put the cell / radio to sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio completes offloading of all the users because of the decisionto put the cell / radio to sleep; T2 is the time at which the cell / radio goes to deep sleep; if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was not to be a successful one; if one would like to increase the time interval between T1 and T2 more, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later; before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the coverage cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold-A and if the time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wakeup the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold- B wherein Threshold-B is larger than Threshold-A; if the time interval between T1 and T2 is large, then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one and could be seen as a positive reinforcement for the parameters used to set the cell / radio to wakeup (e.g. see Figure 2); the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the time interval between T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000220] A eighth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to seventh embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the change in the load of the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision, and optionally wherein at least one of; the cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric or the available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell); this metric is computed based on the DL metrics; this metric is computed based on the UL metrics; the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=Tl, T1 being the time at which the cell / radio wake-up algorithm decides to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep (LoadTl); the load of the coverage cell(s) is computed at time=T2, T2 being a fixed time interval after T1 (LoadT2); the change in the load, (LoadT2 - LoadTl), is computed; if the change in the load between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was not appropriate i.e., not many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio even after waking it up; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in load between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the firstiteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if the load decrease in the coverage cell during time interval between T1 and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold-1; if the change in the load between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., larger than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was appropriate i.e., many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio after waking it up; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in load of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load decrease in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in load measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000221] A ninth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to eighth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the change in the load of a cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the cell / radio load measurement can be modelled using PRB utilization metric or the available capacity metric (which could be seen as the remaining capacity in the cell); the load of the cell(s) that is woken up is computed at time=Tl, Tl being a fixed time interval after waking up the cell / radio; if the load of the cell / radio that is woken-up at Tl is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was not appropriate i.e., not many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio even after waking it up; if one would like to attempt to increase the load at Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRButilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the load in capacity cell at T1 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is larger than Threshold- 1; if the load of the capacity cell at T1 is large (e.g., larger than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was appropriate i.e., many users ended up using the capacity cell / radio after waking it up; if one would like to attempt to decrease the load of the capacity cell / radio at Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if the load in capacity cell at Tl is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold-1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the load of the capacity cell at Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000222] A tenth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to ninth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the change in the number of active UEs in the DL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating the cell / radio wakeup decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the number of actives UE in DL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the coverage cell(s); this measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in DL as measured during Tl and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at Tl and T2 using different metrics; the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the maximumvalue of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; if the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in DL of coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., wait for the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in DL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000223] A eleventh embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to tenth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the number of active UEs in theDL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision; and optionally wherein at least one of: the number of actives UE in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the DL by the cell / radio that was woken up; this measurement is performed at time T1 wherein T1 is the time duration just after deciding to wakeup the capacity cell / radio; this measurement can be performed at T1 using different metrics; the average value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; the maximum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of active UEs in DL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; if the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and T1 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in DL in the cell that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if at Tl, the number of active UEs in DL of the cell that is woken up is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; if the number of active UEs in DL of the cell / radio that is woken up is large at Tl (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one i.e., the capacity radio / cell took large load from the coverage cell after waking up; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up between time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at the time of waking up the capacity cell / radio); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in DL at Tl in the cell that is woken up is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in DL in the cell / radio that is woken up at T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000224] A twelfth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to eleventh embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the change in the number of active UEs in the UL in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wakeup decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the number of actives UE in UL of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by the coverage cell(s); this measurement is performed at time T1 and T2 wherein T1 is a time duration just before deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of active UEs in UL as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics; the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1;if the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL of coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in UL increase in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL measurement at T2 and Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000225] A thirteenth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to twelfth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the number of active UEs in the UL in the cell / radio that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wake-up decision, and optionally wherein at least one of; the number of actives UE in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up is the number of UEs at a measurement sampling instance when there is data in the buffer to be transmitted to the UE in the UL by the cell / radio that was woken up; this measurement is performed at time Tl wherein Tl is the time duration just after deciding to wakeup the capacity cell / radio; this measurement can be performed at Tl using different metrics; the average value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; the maximum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of active UEs in UL of the capacity cell / radio is taken over a time interval; if the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up between the time of waking up and Tl is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to attempt to increase the change in number of active UEs in UL in the cell that iswoken up between the time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold-1 and if at Tl, the number of active UEs in UL of the cell that is woken up is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is greater than Threshold- 1; if the number of active UEs in UL of the cell / radio that is woken up is large at Tl (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one i.e., the capacity radio / cell took large load from the coverage cell after waking up; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up between time of waking up and Tl, one can modify the cell / radio wakeup related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at the time of waking up the capacity cell / radio); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of active UEs in UL at Tl in the cell that is woken up is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than one iteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of active UEs in UL in the cell / radio that is woken up at Tl in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000226] A fourteenth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to thirteenth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) during an interval after activating a cell / radio wake-up decision, and optionally wherein at least one of: the change in number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) measurement is the difference in number of UEs at a measurement sampling instances before and after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up; this measurement is performed at time Tl and T2 wherein Tl is a time duration just before deciding towake-up the capacity cell / radio and T2 is the time duration just after deciding to wake-up the capacity cell / radio; the change in the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell refers to the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs as measured during T1 and T2 at the coverage cell(s); this measurement can be performed at T1 and T2 using different metrics; the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the coverage cell(s) is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between T1 and T2 (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be higher at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the change in number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) during time interval between Tl and T2 is small, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the coverage cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold- 2 is greater than Threshold-1; if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2 is large (e.g., greater than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wake-up was a successful one; if one would like to attempt to decrease the change in the number of RRC Connected UEs in coverage cell(s) between Tl and T2, one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered earlier (e.g., when the PRB utilization of the coverage cell / radio to be lower at Tl); before the first iteration of the automation framework, if the capacity cell / radio was woken up when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio was above Threshold- 1 and if the number of RRC Connected UEs in the coverage cell during time interval between Tl and T2 is large, then one could attempt to wake-up the cell / radio from sleep when the PRB utilization in the capacity cell / radio is above Threshold-2 wherein Threshold-2 is smaller than Threshold- 1; the actions to change the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up could be taken after every cell / radio wake-up action or after a certain number of cell / radio wake-up actions; when more than oneiteration of cell / radio wake-up action based results are used, then one could use the minimum / maximum / average of the difference in the number of RRC Connected UEs in the coverage cell(s) at T2 and T1 in each of the iteration in deciding the direction of changes to the parameters controlling the cell / radio wake-up.[000227] A fifteenth embodiment comprises the method of any of the third to fourteenth embodiments, wherein one of the set of measurements comprises the number of RRC connected UEs in the cell that is woken up during an interval after activating the cell / radio wakeup decision, and optionally wherein at least one of; the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell / radio that is woken up is the number of RRC Connected UEs at a measurement sampling instance taken after the activation of booster cell / radio wake-up; this measurement is performed at time T1 wherein T1 is a time duration just after deciding to wake up the capacity cell / radio; the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell / radio that is woken up refers to the number of RRC Connected UEs as measured at Tl; this measurement can be performed at T1 using different metrics; the average value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval; the maximum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval; the minimum value of the number of RRC connected UEs of the cell that is woken up is taken over a time interval; if the change in the number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up from the time of waking up and Tl is small (e.g., smaller than a threshold), then one could interpret that the decision to perform the cell / radio wakeup was an unsuccessful one; if one would like to increase the change in number of RRC connected UEs in the cell / radio that is woken up at Tl (i.e., capacity cell can take more load from coverage cell), one can modify the cell / radio wake-up related parameters such that the cell / radio wake-up is triggered later (e.g., when the PRB utilizat...

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method (2700) performed by a network node (4400) for tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the method comprising: collecting (2710) a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and changing (2720) the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters based at least in part on the first set of measurements.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a measurement collection framework between the network node and a second network node; wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the network node.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the second network node.

4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first set of measurements includes one or more of: a duration between activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision to the time of waking up / sleeping the cell / radio; a change in a load of one or more coverage cells during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a metric used for a sleep / wakeup decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active user equipments, UEs, in downlink, DL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs in uplink, UL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of Radio Resource Control, RRC, connected UEs in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volumetransmitted to one or more UEs in UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more coverage cells; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more neighbor cells that were not treated as one or more coverage cells at the time of cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision making; a number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision during a time interval; a change in a UE throughput in the DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a UE throughput in the UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a time between deciding to sleep / wakeup a cell / radio and actually sleeping or waking up the cell / radio.

5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein sleep / wakeup comprises one or more of: completely turning off a cell / radio; completely turning on a cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users and explicitly aborting a decision to turn off the cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users but failing in doing so.

6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: transmitting a request, to a / the second network node, to measure at least one sleep / wakeup parameter and to report the at least one sleep / wakeup parameter to the network node.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the request includes one or more event conditions upon the fulfillment of which the second network node should send the at least one sleep / wakeup parameter to the network node.

8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the network node and / or the second network node comprises at least one of: an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance, OAM, node; a Central Unit - Control Plane, CU-CP; a Distributed Unit, DU; a Core Network, CN, node; a non- real time Radio Intelligent Controller, RIC, node; a near real time RIC node; an Open Radio Access Network CU-CP, O-CU-CP; a real time RIC node; an Open Radio Access Network-DU, 0-DU.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein collecting a first set of measurements comprises collecting measurements from multiple network nodes.

10. A method (2900) performed by a second network node (4400) for assisting a first network node (4400) in tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the method comprising: collecting (2910), in response to a request from the first network node, a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and transmitting (2920), to the first network node, the first set of measurements.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising forming a measurement collection framework between the network node and a second network node; wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to provide the first set of measurements to the first network node.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the measurement collection framework is operable to indicate the first set of measurements to the second network node.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the measurement collection framework is configured to indicate to the second network node one or more triggers to perform the transmitting.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more triggers comprise one or more of: every hour; upon a timer completing; upon entering sleep state; upon exiting sleep state.

15. The method of any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the first set of measurements includes one or more of: a duration between activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision to the time of waking up / sleeping the cell / radio; a change in a load of one or more coverage cells during a time interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a metric used for a sleep / wakeup decision during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active user equipments, UEs, in downlink, DL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of active UEs inuplink, UL, in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a number of Radio Resource Control, RRC, connected UEs in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a data volume transmitted to one or more UEs in UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more coverage cells; a number of RRC Inactive context fetch requests from a cell / radio that went to sleep by one or more neighbor cells that were not treated as one or more coverage cells at the time of cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision making; a number of times of activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision during a time interval; a change in a UE throughput in the DL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating a cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a change in a UE throughput in the UL in one or more coverage cells during an interval after activating the cell / radio sleep / wakeup decision; a time between deciding to sleep / wakeup a cell / radio and actually sleeping or waking up the cell / radio.

16. The method of any of claims 10 to 15, wherein sleep / wakeup comprises one or more of: completely turning off a cell / radio; completely turning on a cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users and explicitly aborting a decision to turn off the cell / radio; attempting to turn off a cell / radio by offloading one or more users but failing in doing so.

17. The method of any of claims 10 to 16, wherein the first network node and / or the second network node comprises at least one of: an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance, 0AM, node; a Central Unit - Control Plane, CU-CP; a Distributed Unit, DU; a Core Network, CN, node; a non-real time Radio Intelligent Controller, RIC, node; a near real time RIC node; an Open Radio Access Network CU-CP, O-CU-CP; a real time RIC node; an Open Radio Access Network-DU, 0-DU.

18. A network node (4400) for tuning cell / radio sleep parameters, the network node comprising:processing circuitry (4402) configured to perform any of the operations of any of claims 1 to 17; a power source (4404) circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.

19. A network node (4400) for tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the network node comprising; processing circuitry (4402); and a memory (4408) storing instructions whereby the processing circuitry is operable to perform the steps of; collecting a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and changing the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters based at least in part on the first set of measurements.

20. A second network node (4400) for assisting a first network node (4400) in tuning one or more sleep / wakeup parameters for a cell and / or radio, the network node comprising; processing circuitry (4402); and a memory (4408) storing instructions whereby the processing circuitry is operable to perform the steps of; collecting, in response to a request from the first network node, a first set of measurements related to the one or more sleep / wakeup parameters; and transmitting, to the first network node, the first set of measurements.

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