Hydrogen-containing glass-based articles having improved mechanical and chemical performance

Abstract

A glass-based article includes a thickness less than or equal to 2 mm, a glass composition, a hydrogen-containing layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer; and an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm-1 to 4810 cm-1. The glass composition includes greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiO2, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Al2O3, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O, and greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O.

Description

Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCTHYDROGEN-CONTAINING GLASS-BASED ARTICLES HAVING IMPROVED MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PERFORMANCECross-Reference To Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 734,791 filed December 17, 2024, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Field

[0002] The present specification generally relates to glass-based articles and, in particular, to hydrogen-containing glass-based articles having improved mechanical and chemical performance.Technical Background

[0003] Portable electronic devices, such as, smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices (such as, for example, watches and fitness trackers) continue to get smaller and more complex. As such, materials that are conventionally used on at least one external surface of such portable electronic devices also continue to get more complex. For instance, as portable electronic devices get smaller and thinner to meet consumer demand, the display covers and housings used in these portable electronic devices also get smaller and thinner, resulting in higher mechanical and chemical performance requirements for the materials used to form these components.

[0004] Therefore, a continuing need exists for materials that exhibit both higher mechanical and chemical performance, along with lower cost and ease of manufacture for use in portable electronic devices.SUMMARY

[0005] According to a first aspect Al, a glass-based article comprises: a thickness less than or equal to 2 mm; a glass composition comprising: greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal toAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O; a hydrogen-containing layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer; and an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1.

[0006] A second aspect A2 includes the glass-based article of the first aspect Al, wherein the unreacted water peak height is greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.25, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1.

[0007] A third aspect A3 includes the glass-based article of the first aspect Al or the second aspect A2, wherein the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm.

[0008] A fourth aspect A4 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through third aspects A1-A3, wherein the unreacted water peak height is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.12, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, and the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm.

[0009] A fifth aspect A5 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through fourth aspects A1-A4, wherein the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2.

[0010] A sixth aspect A6 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through fifth aspects A1-A5, wherein the glass-based article comprises a compressive stress greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa.

[0011] A seventh aspect A7 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through sixth aspects A1-A6, wherein the glass-based article comprises a reacted water peak height greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1.

[0012] An eighth aspect A8 includes the glass-based article of the seventh aspect A7, wherein the reacted water peak height is greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1, and the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0013] A ninth aspect A9 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through eighth aspects A1-A8, wherein an unreacted water content of the glass-based article is greater than a reacted water content of the glass-based article.

[0014] A tenth aspect A10 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through ninth aspects A1-A9, wherein the hydrogen-containing layer comprises unreacted water, reacted water, hydrogen ions, hydronium ions, and combinations thereof.

[0015] An eleventh aspect Al 1 includes the glass-based article of any one of the first through tenth aspects A1-A10, wherein the glass composition comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 2 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% K2O.

[0016] A twelfth aspect A12 includes a consumer electronic product comprising: a housing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electronic components at least partially within the housing, the electrical components comprising at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; and a cover substrate disposed over the display, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the housing or the cover substrate comprises the glass-based article of any one of the first through eleventh aspects Al -Al l.

[0017] A thirteenth aspect Al 3 includes a method of forming the glass-based article of any one of the first through eleventh aspects Al-Al l, the method comprising: exposing the glassbased article to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity greater than or equal to 5%.

[0018] A fourteenth aspect A14 includes the method of the thirteenth aspect Al 3, wherein the environment comprises a pressure greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa.

[0019] A fifteenth aspect Al 5 includes the method of the fourteenth aspect Al 4 or the fifteenth aspect Al 5, wherein the environment comprises a temperature greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0020] Additional features and advantages of the hydrogen-containing glass-based articles described herein will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0021] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described herein, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass-based article with flaws introduced therein, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0023] FIG. 2 is the glass-based article of FIG. 1 with a hydrogen-containing layer formed therein;

[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass-based article with flaws introduced therein and a hydrogen-containing layer introduced therein, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass-based article, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of an electronic device incorporating a glass-based article, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0027] FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device of FIG. 5;

[0028] FIG. 7 is a plot of strength (y-axis; in megapascals (MPa); c is strength at the aging time on the x-axis; oo.oi is the strength at an aging time of 0.01 days) versus aging time (x-axis; in days) of sample articles;Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0029] FIG. 8 is a plot of strength (y-axis; in megapascals (MPa); c is strength at the aging time on the x-axis; oo.oi is the strength at an aging time of 0.01 days) versus aging time (x-axis; in days) of sample articles, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0030] FIG. 9 is a plot of absorbance (y-axis) versus wavenumber (x-axis; in inverse centimeters (cm'1)) of sample articles, according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0031] FIG. 10 is a magnified view of the plot of FIG. 9;

[0032] FIG. 11 is a plot of unreacted water peak height (y-axis; in absorbance (abs)) versus mass gain per unit surface area (x-axis; in grams per square meter (g / m2)), according to one or more embodiments described herein;

[0033] FIG. 12 is a magnified view of the plot of FIG. 11;

[0034] FIG. 13 is a plot of unreacted water peak height (y-axis; in absorbance (abs)) versus depth of layer (x-axis; in microns (pm)), according to one or more embodiments described herein; and

[0035] FIG. 14 is a plot of reacted water peak height (y-axis; in absorbance (abs)) versus depth of layer (x-axis; in microns (pm)), according to one or more embodiments described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the glass-based article having improved mechanical and chemical performance. According to embodiments, a glass-based article includes a thickness less than or equal to 2 mm, a glass composition, a hydrogen-containing layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer; and an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm'1to 4810 cm' h The glass composition includes greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiC>2, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% AI2O3, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O, and greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0037] Various embodiments of glass-based articles will be described herein with specific reference to the appended drawings.

[0038] Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

[0039] Directional terms as used herein - for example up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom - are made only with reference to the figures as drawn and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[0040] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order, nor that with any apparatus specific orientations be required. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps, or that any apparatus claim does not actually recite an order or orientation to individual components, or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or description that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, or that a specific order or orientation to components of an apparatus is not recited, it is in no way intended that an order or orientation be inferred, in any respect. This holds for any possible non-express basis for interpretation, including: matters of logic with respect to arrangement of steps, operational flow, order of components, or orientation of components; plain meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation, and; the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0041] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a” component includes aspects having two or more such components, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0042] The term “glass-based” is used in its broadest sense to include any objects made wholly or partly of glass, including glass ceramics (which include a crystalline phase and a residual amorphous glass phase).Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0043] In the embodiments of the glass-based article described herein, the amounts of constituent components (e.g., SiCh, AI2O3, and the like) are specified in mole percent (mol%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified.

[0044] The term “substantially free,” when used to describe the concentration and / or absence of a particular constituent component in a glass composition, means that the constituent component is not intentionally added to the glass composition. However, the glass composition may contain traces of the constituent component as a contaminant or tramp in amounts of less than 0.05 weight percent (wt%). As noted herein, the remainder of the application specifies the concentrations of constituent component in mol%. The contaminant or tramp amounts of the constituent components are listed in wt% for manufacturing purposes and one skilled in the art would understand the contaminant and tramp amounts being listed in wt%.

[0045] The terms “0 mol%” and “free,” when used to describe the concentration and / or absence of a particular constituent component in a glass composition, means that the constituent component is not present in the glass composition.

[0046] Heights of unreacted water peaks (i.e., at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’ ') and reacted water peaks (i.e., at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1) are measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The peak height is taken after a linear baseline substraction between the endpoints of the wavenumber range.

[0047] As used herein, “nominal relative humidity” is measured at the treatment temperature.

[0048] As used herein, “mass gain per unit surface area” is measured by collecting the mass of each sample before and after treatment using a Mettler Toledo XS 105 DualRange balance in room temperature air. Mass gain = (mass after treatment - mass before treatment) / surface area. The surface area includes the sides of the sample and for a sample L x W x H, surface area = 2(L*W + W*H + H*L).

[0049] As used herein, “desired mechanical performance” refers to the ability of a glassbased article to self-strengthen.

[0050] As used herein, “desired chemical performance” or “desired chemical durability” refers to the durability of a glass-based article in acids and bases.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0051] Surface compressive stress is measured with a surface stress meter (FSM) such as commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely upon the measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass article. SOC, in turn, is measured according to Procedure C (Glass Disc Method) described in ASTM standard C770- 16, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The values reported for surface compressive stress (CS) herein refer to the peak surface compressive stress, unless otherwise indicated.

[0052] According to the convention normally used in the art, compression or compressive stress (CS) is expressed as a negative (i.e., < 0) stress and tension or tensile stress is expressed as a positive (i.e., > 0) stress. Throughout this description, however, CS is expressed as a positive or absolute value (i.e., as recited herein, CS = |CS|).

[0053] As used herein, “depth of layer” (DOL) refers to the depth within a glass-based article at which an ion diffuses into the glass article where the concentration of the ion reaches a minimum value. DOL may be measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The SIMS technique is capable of measuring the hydrogen concentration at a given depth, but is not capable of distinguishing the hydrogen species present in the glass-based article. For this reason, all hydrogen species contribute to the SIMS measured hydrogen concentration. As utilized herein, the depth of layer (DOL) refers to the first depth below the surface of the glassbased article where the hydrogen concentration is equal to the hydrogen concentration at the center of the glass-based article. This definition accounts for the hydrogen concentration of the glass-based article prior to treatment, such that the depth of layer refers to the depth of the hydrogen added by the treatment process. As a practical matter, the hydrogen concentration at the center of the glass-based article may be approximated by the hydrogen concentration at the depth from the surface of the glass-based article where the hydrogen concentration becomes substantially constant, as the hydrogen concentration is not expected to change between such a depth and the center of the glass-based article. This approximation allows for the determination of the DOL without measuring the hydrogen concentration throughout the entire depth of the glass-based article. “Depth of layer” and “DOL” are used interchangeably throughout.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0054] Referring now to FIG. 1, a glass-based article 50 has flaws 52 introduced in a surface 50a of the glass-based article. Referring now to FIG. 2, over time, the glass-based article 50 may react with water H2O in the atmosphere 54, thereby self-strengthening and achieving a desired mechanical performance. In particular, water penetrates the surface 50a uniformly in undamaged regions 56 of the glass-based article, eventually forming a hydrogen-containing layer 58 that may be measured with FSM. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that at the flaws 52, water H2O may be wicked deeper into the glass-based article 50 by capillary action and may diffuse into the flaw tip 52a and the surrounding glass at room temperature (i.e., 25 °C).

[0055] The ability of a glass-based article to self-strengthen as shown in FIG. 2 is correlated to the ability of water to diffuse and react with the glass at room temperature. The glass-based article 50 may have a relatively fast water diffusion coefficient, resulting in the ability of the glass-based article 50 to self-strengthen and achieve a desired mechanical performance. However, having a relatively fast water diffusion coefficient may mean that the glass-based article has poor durability in water and also poor chemical durability. Conversely, glass-based articles that have a desired chemical durability may not have the ability to self-strengthen and, thus, may not achieve a desired mechanical performance.

[0056] Disclosed herein are glass-based articles that mitigate the aforementioned problems. Specifically, referring now to FIG. 3, the glass-based articles 60 described herein are formed by steam treating the glass-based article 60 to produce a hydrogen-containing layer 68 extending from a surface 60a of the glass-based article 60 to a depth of layer. The glass-based articles 60 comprise an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, thereby imparting the ability to self-strengthen to the glass-based article 60. Moreover, the glass-based articles 60 described herein comprise a relatively high concentration of SiC>2 (e.g., greater than or equal to 50 mol%), a relatively high concentration of AI2O3 (e.g., greater than or equal to 5 mol%), and a relatively low concentration of P2O5 (e.g., less than or equal to 9 mol%), which impart the desired chemical durability to the glass-based article. K2O (e.g., greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol%) and Na2O (greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 20 mol%) also help to achieve the desired chemical durability.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0057] Referring now to FIG. 4, a glass-based article is shown at 100. The glass-based article 100 has a thickness t extended between a first surface 110 and a second surface 112. In embodiments, the thickness t of the glass-based article may be less than or equal to 2 mm. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may have a thickness t less than or equal to 2 mm, less than or equal to 1 mm, less than or equal to 0.8 mm or even less than or equal to 0.6 mm. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may have a thickness t greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mm, or even greater than or equal to 0.9 mm. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may have a thickness t greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, greater than or equal to 0.9 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, or even greater than or equal to 0.9 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0058] As described herein, the glass-based article 100 comprises a glass composition that imparts a desired chemical durability. Achieving the desired chemical durability may be balanced with promoting the diffusion of hydrogen-containing species, such that a glass-based article including a hydrogen-containing layer may be formed efficiently. Generally, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 described herein may be described as an aluminosilicate glass comprising SiCh and AI2O3. The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may also include a relatively low concentration of P2O5. The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 also includes K2O and Na2O.

[0059] SiC>2 is the primary glass former in the glass compositions described herein and may function to stabilize the network structure of the resultant glass-based articles 100. The concentration of SiCh in the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 should be sufficiently high (e.g., greater than or equal to about 50 mol%) to provide basic glass forming capability and desired chemical durability. The amount of SiCh may be limited (e.g., to less than or equal to about 70 mol%) to control the melting point of the glass composition and, thus,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT may aid in improving the meltability and the formability of the resulting glass-based article 100. Accordingly, in embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiCh. In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol% SiCh. In embodiments, the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 50 mol%, greater than or equal to 53 mol%, greater than or equal to 55 mol%, greater than or equal to 57 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 60 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 70 mol%, less than or equal to 68 mol%, less than or equal to 66 mol%, or even less than or equal to 64 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol%, greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol%, greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 66 mol%, greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 64 mol%, be greater than or equal to 53 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol%, greater than or equal to 53 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol%, greater than or equal to 53 mol% and less than or equal to 66 mol%, greater than or equal to 53 mol% and less than or equal to 64 mol%, greater than or equal to 55 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol%, greater than or equal to 55 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol%, greater than or equal to 55 mol% and less than or equal to 66 mol%, greater than or equal to 55 mol% and less than or equal to 64 mol%, greater than or equal to 57 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol%, greater than or equal to 57 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol%, greater than or equal to 57 mol% and less than or equal to 66 mol%, greater than or equal to 57 mol% and less than or equal to 64 mol%, greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol%, greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol%, greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 66 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 64 mol%, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0060] Like SiC>2, AI2O3 may also stabilize the glass network and additionally provide improved mechanical properties, such as fracture toughness, and chemical durability to the resulting glass-based article 100. The amount of AI2O3 may also be tailored to the control the viscosity of the glass composition. The concentration of AI2O3 should be sufficiently high (e.g., greater than or equal to 5 mol%) such that the glass-based article 100 achieves the desired chemical durability. If the amount of AI2O3 is too high (e.g., greater than 20 mol%), theAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT viscosity of the melt may increase, thereby diminishing the formability of the glass composition. Accordingly, in embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% AI2O3. In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol% AI2O3. In embodiments, the concentration of AI2O3 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 13 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of AI2O3 in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 20 mol%, less than or equal to 18 mol%, less than or equal to 16 mol%, or even less than or equal to 14 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of AI2O3 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 16 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 16 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 16 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol%, greater than or equal to 13 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 13 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol%, greater than or equal to 13 mol% and less than or equal to 16 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 13 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol%, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0061] P2O5 produces the desired hydrogen diffusivity and promotes faster interdiffusion, regardless of the exchanging ionic pair. Thus, P2O5 may be present in a concentration (e.g., greater than or equal to 1 mol%) to allow for the efficient formation of the glass-based articles 100 including a hydrogen-containing layer. However, as discussed herein, faster interdiffusion may correlate to poor chemical durability. As such, the amount of P2O5 may be limited (e.g., less than or equal to 9 mol%) to ensure that the glass-based article 100 achieves the desired chemical durability. Accordingly, in embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5. In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 2 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol% P2O5. In embodiments, theAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT concentration of P2O5 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 5 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of P2O5 in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 9 mol%, less than or equal to 8 mol%, less than or equal to 7 mol%, or even less than or equal to 6 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of P2O5 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 6 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 6 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 6 mol%, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0062] As described herein, K2O and Na2O help to achieve the desired chemical durability.

[0063] Na20 also decreases the melting point and improves formability of the glass composition. The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may include a minimum concentration of Na2O (e.g., greater than or equal to 1 mol%) to impart the desired chemical durability and improve formability. The concentration of Na2O may be limited (e.g., less than or equal to 20 mol%) such that the melting point is not undesirably low. Accordingly, in embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O. In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol% Na2O. In embodiments, the concentration of Na2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 10 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of Na2O in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 20 mol%, less than or equal to 17 mol%, less than or equal to 15 mol%, or even less than or equal to 13 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of Na2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 17 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 15 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 13 mol%, greaterAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 17 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 15 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 13 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 17 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 15 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 13 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 17 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 15 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 13 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 17 mol%, greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 15 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 13 mol%, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0064] K2O also decreases the melting point and improves formability of the glass composition. The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may include a minimum concentration of K2O (e.g., greater than or equal to 1 mol%) to improve chemical durability and improve formability. The concentration of K2O may be limited (e.g., less than or equal to 20 mol%) such that the melting point is not undesirable low. Accordingly, in embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O. In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may comprise greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% K2O. In embodiments, the concentration of K2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 5 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of K2O in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 10 mol%, less than or equal to 9 mol%, less than or equal to 8 mol%, or even less than or equal to 7 mol%. In embodiments, the concentration of K2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and lessAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT than or equal to 9 mol%, greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 7 mol%, or any and all subranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0065] The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may further comprise Li2O to increase the Young’s modulus, thereby allowing for greater compressive stress values, and increasing the chemical durability of the the glass composition. The concentration of Li2O may be limited as Li2O slows down the water diffusion process, requiring a longer steam treatment time for achieving a relatively deeper DOL. As such, in embodiments the concentration of Li2O in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 1 mol%. In embodiments, the glass composition may be free or substantially free of Li2O.

[0066] In embodiments, the glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may further comprise B2O3 to increase the damage resistance of the glass-based article. The concentration of B2O3 may be limited as B2O3 may lower viscosity, thereby increasing stress relaxation. As such, in embodiments, the concentration of B2O3 in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 1 mol%. In embodiments, the glass composition may be free or substantially free of B2O3.

[0067] The glass composition of the glass-based article 100 may further comprise bivalent ionic oxides such as MgO, CaO, and ZnO to increase the Young’s modulus, thereby allowing for greater compressive stress values, and increasing the chemical durability of the glass composition. The concentration of these bivalent oxides may be limited as MgO, CaO, and / or ZnO slow down the water diffusion process, requiring a longer steam treatment time for achieving a relatively deeper DOL. As such, in embodiments, the concentration of the sum of MgO, CaO, and / or ZnO (i.e., MgO (mol%) + CaO (mol%) + ZnO (mol%) in the glass composition may be greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 3 mol%, or even greater than or equal to 0 mol% and less than or equal to 1 mol%. In embodiments, the glass composition may be free or substantially free of MgO, CaO, and / or ZnO.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0068] In embodiments, to achieve a desired compressive stress, the sum of Li2O, B2O3, MgO, CaO, and ZnO (i.e., U2O (mol%) + B2O3 (mol%) + MgO (mol%) + CaO (mol%) + ZnO (mol%)) in the glass composition may be less than or equal to 10 mol%, less than or equal to 7 mol%, less than or equal to 5 mol%, less than or equal to 3 mol%, or even less than or equal to 1 mol%. In embodiments, the glass composition may be free or substantially free of Li2O + B2O3 + MgO + CaO + ZnO.

[0069] In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a glass composition comprising greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiO2; greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O.

[0070] In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a glass composition comprising greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 2 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% K2O.

[0071] Referring back to FIG. 4, a first hydrogen-containing layer 120 extends from the first surface 110 to a first depth of layer, where the first depth of layer has a depth di, measured from the first surface 100 into the glass-based article 100. A second hydrogen-containing layer 122 extends from the second surface 112 to a second depth of layer, where the second depth of layer has a depth d2 measured from the second surface 112 into the glass-based article 100. An added-hydrogen-species free region 130 is present between the first depth of layer and the second depth of layer. That is, the center of the glass-based article 100 may be the area least affected by the water vapor treatment. For this reason, the center of the glass-based article may have a composition that is substantially the same or the same as the glass composition of the glass-based article prior to treatment in a water containing environment.

[0072] In embodiments, the depth of layer of the hydrogen-containing layer 120, 122 may be greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm. In embodiments, the depth of layer of the hydrogen-containing layer 120, 122 may be greater than or equal to 1 pm andAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT less than or equal to 100 pm. In embodiments, the depth of layer may be greater than or equal to 1 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm, or even greater than or equal to 20 pm. In embodiments, the depth of layer may be less than or equal to 125 pm, less than or equal to 100 pm, less than or equal to 75 pm, less than or equal to 50 pm, or even less than or equal to 25 pm. In embodiments, the depth of layer may be greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, greater than or equal to 5 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, greater than or equal to 10 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm, greater than or equal to 20 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm, greater than or equal to 20 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 20 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 20 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, or even greater than or equal to 20 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0073] In embodiments, the entirety of the thickness t of the glass-based article 100 may be part of a hydrogen-containing layer 120, 122. Such a glass-based article 100 may be produced when the treatment of the glass-based article 100 extends for a sufficient time in sufficient conditions for hydrogen species to diffuse to the center of the glass-based article 100 from each exposed surface 110, 112. In embodiments, where the surfaces 110, 112 of the glass-based article 100 are exposed to the same treatment conditions, a minimum hydrogen concentration may be located at half thickness of the glass-based article 100, such that the hydrogencontaining layers 120, 122 meet at the center of the glass-based article 100. In such embodiments, the DOL may be located at half the thickness of the glass-based article 100. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may not include a region that is free of added hydrogen species. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may be treated in a watercontaining environment such that the concentration of the added hydrogen species equilibrates through the glass-based articles, and the hydrogen concentration does not vary with depth below the surface 110, 112 of the glass-based article 100. The glass-based article 100,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT according to such embodiments, would not exhibit a DOL as defined herein, as the hydrogen concentration at the center of the glass-based article 100 would be equivalent to the hydrogen concentration at all other depths.

[0074] Without being bound by theory, water diffuses into the glass-based article 100 to form the hydrogen-containing layer 120, 122. Water diffusion into the glass results in both molecular water stuffing and hydroxyl group formation reaction to generate swelling, thereby producing a compressive stress extending from the surface 110, 112 of the glass-based article 100 into the glass-based article 100.

[0075] In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a compressive stress greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa. In embodiments, the compressive stress may be greater than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa, or even greater than or equal to 250 MPa. In embodiments, the compressive stress may be less than or equal to 525MPa, less than or equal to 475 MPa, less than or equal to 425 MPa, less than or equal to 375MPa, less than or equal to 325 MPa, less than or equal to 275 MPa, less than or equal to 225MPa, or even less than or equal to 175 MPa. In embodiments, the compressive stress may be greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 475 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 425 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 225 MPa, greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 175 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 475 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 425 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 225 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 175 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 475 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 425 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, greaterAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 225 MPa, greater than or equal to 150 MPa and less than or equal to 175 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 475 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 425 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 225 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 475 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 425 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, or even greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0076] The first and second hydrogen-containing layers 120, 122 comprise unreacted water (H2O), reacted water (-OH), hydrogen ions (H+), hydronium ions (H3O+), and combinations thereof. As described herein, glass-based articles that have a desired chemical durability may not have the ability to self-strengthen. As such, the glass-based articles described herein are exposed to a water containing environment (e.g., steam treatment) to produce a hydrogencontaining layer. When the glass-based articles described herein are subjected to damage (e.g., abrasion) unreacted water present in the hydrogen-containing layer may react with the glassbased article, thereby self-strengthening and achieving a desired mechanical performance.

[0077] In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak height of the glass-based article 100 may be greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.25, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak height of the glass-based article 100, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, may be greater than 0, greater than or equal to 0.0005, greater than or equal to 0.001, greater than or equal than or equal to 0.005, greater than or equal to 0.01, or even greater than or equal to 0.05. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak height of the glass-based article 100, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, may be less than or equal to 0.25, less than or equal to 0.20, less than or equal to 0.15, less than or equal to 0.12,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT less than or equal to 0.10, less than or equal to 0.08, or even less than or equal to 0.06. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak height of the glass-based article 100, as measured using transmission FTTR. at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, may be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, or any and all subranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0078] A desired depth of layer may be achieved by achieving a given unreacted water peak height. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak may be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.12, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT and the depth of layer may be greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm. In embodiments, the unreacted water peak may be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.08, or even greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.06, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm'1to 4810 cm'1, and the depth of layer may be greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, or even greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm.

[0079] In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a reacted water peak height greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a reacted water peak height, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1, greater than 0, greater than or equal to 0.001, or even greater than or equal to 0.005. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a reacted water peak height, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1, less than or equal to 0.05, less than or equal to 0.04, less than or equal to 0.03, less than or equal to 0.02, or even less than or equal to 0.01. In embodiments, the glass-based article 100 may comprise a reacted water peak height, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.04, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.03, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.02, greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.01, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.04, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.02, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.01, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.04, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.03, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.02, or even greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.01, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0080] In embodiments, the reacted water peak of the glass-based article 100 may be greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1, and the depth of layer may be greater than orAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm. In embodiments, the reacted water peak of the glass-based article 100 may be greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.02, greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.01, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.03, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.02, or even greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.01, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1, and the depth of layer may be greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 75 pm, greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 50 pm, or even greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 25 pm.

[0081] In embodiments, an unreacted water content of the glass-based article may be greater than a reacted water content of the glass-based article.

[0082] In embodiments, the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2. In embodiments, the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area greater than 0 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2, or even greater than or equal to 10 g / m2. In embodiments, the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area less than or equal to 100 g / m2, less than or equal to 80 g / m2, less than or equal to 60 g / m2, less than or equal to 40 g / m2, less than or equal to 20 g / m2, less than or equal to 10 g / m2, less than or equal to 5 g / m2, or even less than or equal to 1 g / m2. In embodiments, the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 10 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 5 g / m2, greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 1 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 10 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 5 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.1 g / m2and less than or equal to 1 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 10 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 5 g / m2, greater than or equal to 0.5 g / m2and less than or equal to 1 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 10 g / m2, greater than or equal to 1 g / m2and less than or equal to 5 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, greater than or equal to 5 g / m2and less than or equal to 10 g / m2, greater than or equal to 10 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, greater than or equal to 10 g / m2and less than or equal to 80 g / m2, greater than or equal to 10 g / m2and less than or equal to 60 g / m2, greater than or equal to 10 g / m2and less than or equal to 40 g / m2, or even greater than or equal to 10 g / m2and less than or equal to 20 g / m2, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0083] The glass-based articles described herein may be formed by exposure to water under any appropriate conditions. The exposure may be carried out in any appropriate device, such as a furnace with relatively humidity control.

[0084] In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity greater than or equal to 5%. In embodiments, the glassbased article may be exposed to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity greater than or equal to 5%, greater than or equal to 10%, greater than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 80%, or even greater than or equal to 90%. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity less than or equal to 100%, less than or equal to 90%, less than or equal to 80%, less than or equal to 70%, less than or equal to 60%, less than or equal to 50%, less than or equal to 40%, less than or equal to 30%, less than or equal to 20%,Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT or even less than or equal to 10%. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 40%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 50%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 90%, greaterAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 80% and less than or equal to 100%, greater than or equal to 80% and less than or equal to 90%, or even greater than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 100%, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0085] In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a pressure greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a pressure greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.050 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.100 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.500 MPa, or even greater than or equal to 1.000 MPa. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a pressure less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, or even less than or equal to 2.000 MPa. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a pressure greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 2.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.050 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.050 MPa and less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.050 MPa and less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.050 MPa and less than or equal to 2.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.100 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.100 MPa and less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.100 MPa and less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.100 MPa and less than or equal to 2.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.500 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.500 MPa and less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.500 MPa and less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 0.500 MPa and less than or equal to 2.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 1.000 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa, greater than or equal to 1.000 MPa and less than or equal to 6.000 MPa, greater than or equal to 1.000 MPa and less than or equal to 4.000 MPa, or even greater than or equal to 1.000 MPa and less than or equal to 2.000 MPa, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0086] In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a temperature greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising aAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT temperature greater than or equal to 75 °C, greater than or equal to 85 °C, greater than or equal to 100 °C, greater than or equal to 150 °C, or even greater than or equal to 200 °C. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a temperature less than or equal to 350 °C, less than or equal to 300 °C, less than or equal to 250 °C, or even less than or equal to 200 °C. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to an environment comprising a temperature greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C, greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 300 °C, greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 250 °C, greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 200 °C, greater than or equal to 85 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C, greater than or equal to 85 °C and less than or equal to 300 °C, greater than or equal to 85 °C and less than or equal to 250 °C, greater than or equal to 85 °C and less than or equal to 200 °C, greater than or equal to 100 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C, greater than or equal to 100 °C and less than or equal to 300 °C, greater than or equal to 100 °C and less than or equal to 250 °C, greater than or equal to 100 °C and less than or equal to 200 °C, greater than or equal to 150 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C, greater than or equal to 150 °C and less than or equal to 300 °C, greater than or equal to 150 °C and less than or equal to 250 °C, greater than or equal to 150 °C and less than or equal to 200 °C, greater than or equal to 200 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C, greater than or equal to 200 °C and less than or equal to 300 °C, or even greater than or equal to 200 °C and less than or equal to 250 °C, or any and all sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints.

[0087] In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to the water vapor containing environment for a time period sufficient to produce the desired degree of hydrogen-containing species diffusion and the desired depth of layer. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to the water vapor containing environment for greater than or equal to 0.1 day, such as greater than or equal to 0.25 day, greater than or equal to 0.5 day, greater than or equal to 1 day, greater than or equal to 2 days, greater than or equal to 3 days, greater than or equal to 4 days, greater than or equal to 5 days, greater than or equal to 6 days, greater than or equal to 7 days, greater than or equal to 8 days, greater than or equal to 9 days, greater than or equal to 10 days, greater than or equal to 15 days, greater than or equal to 20 days, greater than or equal to 25 days, greater than or equal to 30 days, greater than or equal to 35 days, greater than or equal to 40 days, greater than or equal to 45 days, greater than or equal to 50 days, greater than or equal to 55 days, greater than or equal to 60 days, greater than or equal to 65 days, or more. In embodiments, the glass-based article may be exposed to the water vapor containingAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT environment for a time period from greater than or equal to 1 day to less than or equal to 70 days, such as greater than or equal to 2 days to less than or equal to 65 days, greater than or equal to 3 days to less than or equal to 60 days, greater than or equal to 4 days to less than or equal to 55 days, greater than or equal to 5 days to less than or equal to 45 days, greater than or equal to 6 days to less than or equal to 40 days, greater than or equal to 7 days to less than or equal to 35 days, greater than or equal to 8 days to less than or equal to 30 days, greater than or equal to 9 days to less than or equal to 25 days, greater than or equal to 10 days to less than or equal to 20 days, 15 days, or any sub-ranges formed from any of these endpoints. The exposure conditions may be modified to reduce the time necessary to produce the desired amount of hydrogen-containing species diffusion into the glass-based substrate. For example, the temperature and / or relative humidity may be increased to reduce the time required to achieve the desired degree of hydrogen-containing species diffusion and depth of layer into the glass-based article.

[0088] The glass-based articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, wearable devices (e.g., watches) and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automotive, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that requires some transparency, scratch-resistance, abrasion resistance, or a combination thereof.

[0089] An exemplary electronic article incorporating any of the glass-based articles disclosed herein is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Specifically, FIGS. 5 and 6 show a consumer electronic device 200 including a housing 202 having front 204, back 206, and side surfaces 208; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display 210 at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover substrate 212 at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display. In embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the cover substrate 212 and the housing 202 may include any of the glass-based articles disclosed hereinExamples

[0090] In order that various embodiments be more readily understood, reference is made to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate various embodiments of the glassbased articles described herein.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0091] Comparative glass composition Cl and example glass composition El used in the examples are listed in Table 1 (in mol%) along with properties thereof.

[0092] Table 1

[0093] Sample Articles

[0094] Sample articles CA-CC and EA-EE are listed in Table 2, along with the compositions and stream treatment used to form the articles and resulting properties. All sample articles listed in Table 2 were 1 mm thick. CB and CC were not treated in a fixed volume pressure vessel, thereby, the maximum water vapor pressure achievable was the same as the ambient environment (i.e., 0.1 MPa). EB, EC, and ED were treated in a fixed volume pressure vessel. As such, the final pressure at the treatment temperature may be estimated based on the amount of water added to the vessel.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0095] Table 2*Not measurable via FSM.

[0096] Mechanical Durability

[0097] Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, sample articles CA, CB, EA, and EB were subjected to abraded ring-on-ring (AROR) testing. The AROR test is a surface strength measurement for testing flat glass specimens, and ASTM Cl 499- 19 (2024), entitled “Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature,” serves as the basis for the AROR test methodology utilized herein. The contents of ASTM C1499-19 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The glass specimen is abraded prior to ring-on-ring testing with 90 grit silicon carbide (SiC) particles that are delivered to the glass sample using the method and apparatus described in Annex A2, entitled “Abrasion Procedures,” of ASTM C158-23, entitled “Standard Test Methods for Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture). The contents of ASTM Cl 58-23 and theAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT contents of Annex 2 in particular are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The strength of the abraded sample articles was then measured after various aging times.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 7, sample article CA, formed from comparative glass composition Cl and not subjected to steam treatment, exhibited self-strengthening by interacting with moisture in the air (25 °C and 50% nominal relative humidity). Sample article CB, formed from comparative glass composition Cl and subjected to steam treatment, exhibited greater self-strengthening by interacting with unreacted water present in the glass via steam treatment as compared to self-strengthening induced by the glass interacting with the air, as in sample article CA.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 8, sample article EA, formed from example glass composition El and not subjected to steam treatment, did not exhibit self-strengthening by interacting with moisture in the air (25 °C and 50% nominal relative humidity). Sample article EA, formed from example glass composition El and subjected to steam treatment, exhibited greater selfstrengthening by interacting with unreacted water present in the glass via steam treatment. As exemplified by FIG. 8, glass-based articles as described herein may be subjected to steam treatment to impart the ability to self-strengthen.

[0100] Chemical Durability

[0101] Referring now to Table 3, sample articles CA, CC, EA, and EC were subjected to a chemical durability test by immersing the articles in 5 wt / wt% HC1 at 95 °C for 24 hours and 5 wt / wt% NaOH at 95 °C for 6 hours, as indicated in Table 3. The weight change for the sample articles, after immersion, is listed in Table 3.

[0102] Table 3

[0103] As shown in Table 3, sample articles CA and CC, formed from comparative glass composition Cl and not steam treated and stream treated, respectively, exhibited a relativelyAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT greater weight change. Sample article EA, formed from example composition El and not steam treated, exhibited a relatively lower weight change. Similarly, sample article EC, formed from example composition El and steam treated, exhibited a relatively lower weight change. As exemplified by FIGS. 7 and 8 and Table 3, glass-based articles that exhibit self-strengthening, via interacting with air or water, may not achieve a desired chemical durability. Glass-articles that achieve a desired chemical durability may be stream treated as described herein to achieve self-strengthening and, thus, a desired mechanical performance.

[0104] Transmission FTIR

[0105] Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, sample article EA, formed from example glass composition El and not subjected steam treatment, exhibited no unreacted water peak at a wavenumber from 5400 cm'1to 4810 cm'1. Samples articles EB and ED, formed from example glass composition El and subjected to steam treatment, exhibited an unreacted water peak at a wavenumber from 5400 cm'1to 4810 cm'1. All articles exhibited a reacted water peak at a wavenumber from 4650 cm'1to 4280 cm'1. As exemplified by FIGS. 9 and 10, glass-articles may be steam treated to produce an unreacted water peak, thereby imparting the ability to self- strengthen to the glass-based article.

[0106] Correlation Between Peak Height, Mass Gain Per Unit Surface Area, and Depth of Layer (DOL)

[0107] Referring now to Table 4, sample articles EA-EBB formed from example composition El were subjected to steam treatment at the temperature and nominal relative humidity for the time period listed in Table 4. Same articles EA-EBB were treated in a fixed volume pressure vessel. The nominal thickness of all the sample articles listed in Table 4 was 1 mm. The dimensions, unreacted water peak height, reacted water peak height, mass gain per unit surface area, and depth of layer (DOL) of the sample articles are provided in Table 4.

[0108] Table 4Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCTAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT

[0109] Referring now to FIGS. 11 and 12, the correlation between unreacted peak heights and mass gain per unit surface area is shown. As exemplified by FIGS. 11 and 12, there is a correlation between unreacted water peak height and mass gain, with mass gain increasing as water peak height increases.

[0110] Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, the correlation between unreacted and reacted peak heights and depth of layer is shown. As exemplified by FIGS. 13 and 14, a desired depth of layer may be achieved by producing a given unreacted water peak height.

[0111] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Thus, it is intended that the specification cover the modifications and variations of the various embodiments described herein provided such modification and variations come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCTCLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A glass-based article comprising: a thickness less than or equal to 2 mm; a glass composition comprising: greater than or equal to 50 mol% and less than or equal to 70 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 5 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 20 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal to 1 mol% and less than or equal to 10 mol% K2O; a hydrogen-containing layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer; and an unreacted water peak height greater than 0, as measured using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’ 12. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein the unreacted water peak height is greater than or equal to 0.0005 and less than or equal to 0.25, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1.

3. The glass-based article of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 125 pm.

4. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the unreacted water peak height is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.12, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 5400 cm’1to 4810 cm’1, and the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm.

5. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the glass-based article comprises a mass gain per unit surface area greater than 0 g / m2and less than or equal to 100 g / m2.Attorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT6. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the glass-based article comprises a compressive stress greater than or equal to 50 MPa and less than or equal to 525MPa.

7. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the glass-based article comprises a reacted water peak height greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1.

8. The glass-based article of claim 7, wherein the reacted water peak height is greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03, as measured using transmission FTIR at a wavenumber from 4650 cm’1to 4280 cm’1, and the depth of layer is greater than or equal to 1 pm and less than or equal to 100 pm.

9. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-8, wherein an unreacted water content of the glass-based article is greater than a reacted water content of the glass-based article.

10. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the hydrogencontaining layer comprises unreacted water, reacted water, hydrogen ions, hydronium ions, and combinations thereof.

11. The glass-based article of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the glass composition comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% and less than or equal to 68 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% and less than or equal to 18 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 2 mol% and less than or equal to 8 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 7 mol% and less than or equal to 14 mol% Na2O; and greater than or equal to 3 mol% and less than or equal to 9 mol% K2O.

12. A consumer electronic product, comprising: a housing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electronic components at least partially within the housing, the electrical components comprising at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; andAttorney Docket No. SP24-290PCT a cover substrate disposed over the display, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the housing or the cover substrate comprises the glass-based article of any one of claims 1-11.

13. A method of forming the glass-based article of any one of claims 1-11, the method comprising: exposing the glass-based article to an environment comprising a nominal relative humidity greater than or equal to 5%.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the environment comprises a pressure greater than or equal to 0.029 MPa and less than or equal to 8.592 MPa.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the environment comprises a temperature greater than or equal to 75 °C and less than or equal to 350 °C.

Images