Waterborne composition
Methylene blue preservative in waterborne compositions addresses microbial and mold growth issues, ensuring stability and compatibility, thus maintaining composition integrity and performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW SILICONES CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024141344-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024141344-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024141344-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
WATERBORNE COMPOSITION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to waterborne compositions which comprise methylene blue as a preservative to prevent and / or significantly reduce the buildup of microbials, and mold growth during storage after manufacture and prior to use. This is particularly designed for waterborne coating compositions, especially waterborne film forming coating compositions for which standard biocides are unsuited because of their end use and customer requirements and for which if left unpreserved the development of such microbials, and mold growth can lead to several negative effects including viscosity change, color change, odor and even performance failure. Waterborne compositions are increasingly environmentally preferred over solvent-borne coatings because water, rather than a non-aqueous solvent, functions as the main or sole carrier / solvent in the coating composition into which functional ingredients are dissolved or suspended. The use of water as the carder / solvent advantageously results in the release of less volatile organic compounds (VOCs) .
[0002] Waterborne compositions are used in a wide variety of applications including on or in automotive parts and accessories, for example as topcoats for silicone or polyurethane (PU) coated airbags as well as in aerospace applications, architectural and decorating applications and the like. They may also be used as, for example, the carrier in slurries and / or or concentrates of materials prior to use. However, in most of such uses and applications, the waterborne compositions are made at remote locations from the end user and as such waterborne compositions, especially waterborne coating compositions e.g., waterborne film forming coating compositions are susceptible to the development ofmicrobials, and mold growth during storage after manufacture and prior to use. Many known biocides and / or fungicides are either prohibited for use as preservatives by end users (e.g., original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and the automotive industry) or have incompatibility issues when used in waterborne compositions especially waterborne coating compositions. Strong bases can alternatively be used to inhibit mold growth, but these will generate a caustic environment and can result in additional performance disadvantages so consequently is not preferred.
[0003] One particularly important application for waterborne compositions is as coatings for textiles and fabrics which are often treated with one or more coatings in order to provide fimished products with a variety of properties. An increasing number of such waterborne coating compositions are provided in the form of waterborne film forming coating compositions and are used to treat textiles and fabrics for a wide variety of applications such as, for example, inflatable safety restraint devices, e.g., airbags.
[0004] Inflatable safety restraint devices, especially airbags are widely used to cushion vehicle occupants in the event of collisions and accidents. They are designed to protect drivers and passengers from being injured between an initial impact and further impacts, by their inflation in within 0.02-0.12 seconds of the initial impact during a traffic accident. Inflatable safety restraint devices such as airbags, generally consist of a textile or fabric bag (sometimes referred to as a cushion) , a sensor and a means of inflation. In the event of an accident, a sensor within a vehicle identifies an abnormal deceleration and triggers the inflator causing an effectively immediate inflation of the airbag. Expanding gases travel through conduits and inflate the airbag (s) , to cushion the vehicle occupant (driver or passenger) to protect them from any further harmful impact within the interior of the vehicle, e.g., a car.
[0005] The airbags may be made from flat fabric pieces which are coated and then sewn together to provide sufficient mechanical strength or may be woven in one piece (generally referred to as “one-piece woven” or OPW) with integrally woven seams. In each case they require one or more coatings to fully function. Sewn flat fabric airbags are generally assembled with a coated fabric surface at the inside of the airbag but may be coated on the insider and / or outside. One-piece woven airbags are coated on the outside of the airbag. Some airbags are designed to retain gas pressure after deployment, so they remain inflated for longer periods of time after a collision or the like, e.g., side-curtain airbags. These tend to be, but are not exclusively, one-piece woven airbags.
[0006] Airbags and / or airbag fabrics may be made from a woven or knitted fabric made of synthetic fibre, for example thermoplastics such as polyamides e.g., nylon-6, 6, or of polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) . Coatings especially silicone-based coatings are applied to provide the airbags with several benefits:
[0007] 1) improved thermal protection from hot gases and particulates (600℃ to 1,000℃) generated during airbag expansion using for pyrotechnic generators;
[0008] 2) improved flame-resistance of fabric;
[0009] 3) improved resistance to bag deflation;
[0010] 4) improved resistance to stresses when airbag cushions deployed; and
[0011] 5) softness and lightness of silicone coating provide airbags with excellent flexibility, enabling them to be folded into a more compact module.
[0012] Hence, the coatings applied are used to prevent air leakage upon expansion but are also designed to keep the airbags flexible and resistant to temperature fluctuations, aging and abrasion in storage and / or during expansion because an airbag may remain unused for an extended period of time before a collision triggers deployment. There may be one or two or even more coatings applied including a base coat provided to introduce a selection of desired properties and then a topcoat. Such topcoats are increasingly in the form of waterborne coating compositions especially waterborne film forming coating compositions for e.g., the provision of a lubricating and / or preventing blocking on top of a primary silicone or polyurethane coating applied directly onto the surface of an airbag or airbag material. Blocking is where two adjacent surfaces of a coating or the like stick to each other and are difficult to separate e.g., stored and folded airbags, stored for the lifetime of a vehicle which need to perform at a moment’s notice. Inorganic materials or coatings containing e.g. talc are provided to reduce or prevent such blocking situations.
[0013] Waterborne coating compositions, especially, waterborne film forming coating compositions may be used to apply a topcoat on such coatings to provide a lubricating surface and / or a coating to minimize or prevent blocking surface on the airbag and are prime examples of coating compositions which require acceptable preservatives to protect such waterborne compositions from having growth ofmicrobials, and / or mold growth during storage before being applied as airbag coatings.
[0014] Hence, there is a continued effort in industry to develop alternative preservatives which may be used in waterborne compositions and which are acceptable / not prohibited by end users e.g. from the in automotive industry for product development of waterborne coatings.
[0015] There is provided herein a waterborne composition comprising
[0016] (A) An aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water;
[0017] (B) at least one solid functional ingredient;
[0018] (C) a methylene blue preservative in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight relative to the composition; and optionally
[0019] (D) a rheology modifier.
[0020] There is also provided herein a method for making a waterborne composition comprising
[0021] (i) mixing component (A) an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water, component (C) methylene blue in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight relative to the composition and when present rheology modifier (D) ; and subsequently
[0022] (ii) introducing at least one solid functional ingredient (B) and mixing said component (B) with the product of step (i) to form a dispersion.
[0023] There is also provided a use of methylene blue (C) in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight relative to the composition as a preservative in a waterborne composition otherwise comprising
[0024] (A) an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water;
[0025] (B) at least one solid functional ingredient and optionally
[0026] (D) rheology modifier.
[0027] As used herein, the term “solid” or “solid content” refers to any and every material in the composition other than water and solvents, if any.
[0028] For the avoidance of doubt, component (C) methylene blue which is surprisingly utilised herein as a preservative is also known as methylthioninium chloride and 3, 7-bis (Dimethylamino) -phenothiazin-5-ium chloride and has the following structure:
[0029] It has been surprisingly found that low levels of methylene blue, i.e., in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight relative to the composition alternatively from 15 ppm to 90 ppm by weight of the composition, alternatively from 15 ppm to 75 ppm by weight of the composition, alternatively from 15 ppm to 60 ppm by weight of the composition, alternatively from 15 ppm to 50 ppm by weight of the composition can be introduced into a waterborne composition and can be used as a preservative preventing the generation of microbials, and mold growth in waterborne compositions. The methylene blue can be added into the composition in powder form or may be dissolved into an aqueous solution and introduced into the composition in a dilute aqueous solution form.
[0030] Otherwise, the waterborne composition as described above comprises the following components:
[0031] Component A -an aqueous liquid phase comprising or consisting of water
[0032] Component A of the waterborne composition is an aqueous liquid phase which consists or comprises water. When the aqueous liquid phase comprises water, it may also include small amounts (i.e., less than (<) 10wt. %of component A) of other solvents such as alcohols and / or glycol ethers as co-solvents. In the waterborne compositions herein the content of the aqueous liquid phase may be controlled based on the viscosity required for the composition i.e. for a coating and the coating weight required.
[0033] Component B -at least one solid functional ingredient
[0034] Component B of the waterborne composition is at least one solid functional ingredient which can be applied onto a substrate surface to provide the substrate with a desired property such as lubrication, corrosion resistance, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, and / or the ability to minimize / prevent blockings in a substrate such as an airbag fabric to ensure that when expanded the airbag remains inflated for the required time. The solid functional ingredient may be any suitable functional ingredient dependent on the intended application. For example, component B may be one or more inorganic fillers, one or more solid lubricants, or one or more fire retardant additives or a mixture thereof which can be inter-mixed with aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water (component A) and subsequently applied onto a substrate after which the aqueous liquid continuous phase is allowed to evaporate or dry leaving the solids on the substrate surface.
[0035] For example, when component B comprises an inorganic filler designed to improve a specific property on a substrate surface (e.g., to minimize / prevent blocking) on a substrate surface once dried in place, the inorganic filler may for example be a reinforcing silica filler or a non-reinforcing filler such as talc or a combination thereof.
[0036] Silica fillers may include fumed silica, precipitated silica or colloidal silica or the like. The non-reinforcing fillers may include the likes of crushed quartz, diatomaceous earths, barium sulphate, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon black, talc, wollastonite precipitated calcium carbonate and ground calcium carbonate, huntite, hydromagnesite, and montmorillonite.
[0037] Other fillers which might be used alone or in addition to the above include aluminite, calcium sulphate (anhydrite) , gypsum, calcium sulphate, clays such as kaolin, aluminium trihydroxide, graphite, zirconium oxide, copper carbonate, e.g., malachite, nickel carbonate, e.g., zarachite, barium carbonate, e.g., witherite and / or strontium carbonate e.g., strontianite.
[0038] Aluminium oxide, silicates from the group consisting of olivine group; garnet group;
[0039] aluminosilicates; ring silicates; chain silicates; and sheet silicates. The olivine group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, forsterite and Mg2SiO4. The garnet group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, pyrope; Mg3Al2Si3O12; grossular; and Ca2Al2Si3O12. Aluminosilicates comprise ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, sillimanite; Al2SiO5; mullite; 3Al2O3.2SiO2; kyanite; and Al2SiO5.
[0040] The ring silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, cordierite and Al3(Mg, Fe) 2 [Si4AlO18] . The chain silicates group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, wollastonite and Ca [SiO3] .
[0041] The sheet silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, mica; K2AI14 [Si6Al2O20] (OH) 4; pyrophyllite; Al4 [Si8O20] (OH) 4; talc; Mg6 [Si8O20] (OH) 4; serpentine for example, asbestos; Kaolinite; Al4 [Si4O10] (OH) 8; and vermiculite.
[0042] In one embodiment the filler may be selected from one or more of precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate, mica, aluminum oxide, talc, titanium oxide, calcium silicate.
[0043] When component B comprises a solid lubrucant, the solid lubricant may be graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles, molybdenum disulphide, boron nitride, tungsten disulphide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles or mixtures thereof. Component B may comprise a fire-retardant / flame retardant. However, it is important that airbags, by their very nature, are difficult to ignite and do not support combustion, and thus airbags generally require the addition of flame retardants in order to pass the rigorous flammability tests that may be applied to airbags. When an outer coating as described herein is applied to a silicone rubber-coated airbag, there is generally no flammability problem. However, an outer coating without a flame retardant, which is applied to an organic resin-coated airbag, may not pass the US Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standards Test FMVSS #302 (hereinafter referred to as ″FMVSS #302″) and other flammability tests. Therefore, the addition of a flame retardant is important for practical use, it may comprise a suitable phosphorus containing compound such as DAIGUARD-850 which is commercially available from Daihachi Chemical, Industry Co. Ltd,
[0044] An example of an alternative preferred flame retardant is aluminum trihydrate which is not surface treated. Other examples of flame retardants include other metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and the like, metal oxides such as ferrite oxide and titanium oxide and the like, carbonates such as zinc carbonate and the like, carbon black and / or ammonium polyphosphate and or melamine polyphosphate or mixtures thereof.
[0045] Optional component (D) -rheology modifier
[0046] When present, component (D) the rheology modifier (sometimes referred to as a thickener or viscosifier) is generally used to “thicken” the waterborne composition as described herein to improve coatability, workability and storage stability, and can also function as a solid component included in a dry film. The rheology modifier may comprise one or more water-soluble organic polymers and / or one or more clay minerals or a mixture thereof.
[0047] The thickening performance ofrheology modifier (D) is not particularly limited, but from the perspective of a technical effect as described herein, thickening properties are preferably provided, where the viscosity ofa 2 wt. %aqueous dispersion of the rheology modifier is at least 1,000 mPa-s at 25℃.
[0048] When rheology modifier (D) comprises one or more water-soluble organic polymers these may comprise high-molecular polysaccharides, water-soluble acrylic resins, and the like. In particular, the use of a water-soluble organic polymer containing a carboxylate group is preferred, and preferred examples include polyacrylates, which are carboxyl-containing attached polymers, such as sodium polyacrylates, sodium polymethacrylates, and the like. Examples include polysaccharide rheology modifiers such as xanthan gum an example of which is KeltrolTM CG commercially available from CP Kelco, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , urethane associate rheology modifiers (UAT) , polyether urea polyurethanes (PEUPU) , polyether polyurethanes (PEPU) , alkali swellable emulsions (ASE) such as sodium or ammonium neutralized acrylic acid polymers; hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASEs) such as hydrophobically modified acrylic acid copolymers. Ccommercially available HASEs include ACRYSOLTM DR-6600, ACRYSOLTM DR-5500, AcrysolTM DR-180, ACRYSOLTM RM-7 ACRYSOLTM TT-615, ACRYSOLTM DR-72 and ACRYSOLTM TT-935 from the Dow Chemical Company, Other commercially available HASEs include ACRYSOLTM Primal HT-400, ACULYNTM 88, ACULYNTM28, ACULYNLTM 88 and RomaxTM 7011 also from the Dow Chemical Company and RHEOTECHTM 4800 from Coatex; The rheology modifier (D) may also comprise associative thickeners such as hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) ; and cellulosic thickeners such as methyl cellulose ethers, hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC) , hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) , hydrophobically-modified hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HMHEC) , sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) , sodium carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, and 2-hydoxypropyl cellulose.
[0049] When the rheology modifier comprises a clay mineral the clay mineral may be natural or synthetic. Examples include natural or synthetic smectite clays, such as bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, soconite, beidellite, nontronite, and the like; Smectite clay such as bentonite, montmorillonite, and the like are preferred. Such smectite clays are available, for example, as SUMECTON SA (manufactured by Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd. ) , which is a hydrothermally synthesized product, as BengelTM W100U, an anionic polymer treated nano-clay commercially available from Hojun Co, Ltd; and BengelTM SH a silane-treated Nano-clay also commercially available from Hojun Co, Ltd. Synthetic smectite clays generally have a smaller particle size than natural smectite clays. For example, the average particle size is only 5 or 10%of the average particle size of natural smectite. Synthetic smectite clays have such small particle sizes, and therefore can be added in a smaller amount than natural smectite clays to produce a highly viscous aqueous gel composition.
[0050] If additionally intended to impart heat resistance and / or flame retardance to a substrate (for example, fabric for an airbag or building material) to which the waterborne composition as described herein is applied, the pH of these clay minerals such as smectite clay and the like is preferably within a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0.
[0051] The rheology modifier may be a combination of one or more water-soluble organic polymers and one or more clay minerals if desired or required to form a hydrophilic composite.
[0052] Furthermore, when the rheology modifier comprises a clay mineral such as a bentonite or montmorillonite it may be modified by premixing with the water-soluble organic polymer. For example, the clay mineral and water-soluble organic polymer may be uniformly mixed in water, and the mixture may then be dried, for example by spray drying. The resulting dry mixture may be ground, ifnecessary, to a desired particle size, which may be within a range of 1 to 20 μm. The amount of water-soluble polymers in such a mixture may range, for example, from 0.1 wt. %to 40 wt.%.
[0053] The rheology modifier (D) may be present, for example, in 0.1 wt. %to 7.5wt. %of the coating film composition including water and the like prior to forming a dry film. An aqueous coating film composition containing 0.1 to 5.0%of the rheology modifier is particularly preferred.
[0054] Additional Optional Additives
[0055] The waterborne composition may also comprise one or more additional optional additives. These include, for the sake of example, dispersing agents, wetting agents, pH adjusters and / or surfactants.
[0056] Dispersing Agent
[0057] When present, a dispersing agent may be selected from one or more nonionic, anionic, or cationic dispersants such as polyacids with suitable molecular weight, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) , dimethyl amino ethanol (DMAE) , potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) , trisodium polyphosphate (TSPP) , citric acid and other carboxylic acids. The polyacids used may include homopolymers and copolymers based on polycarboxylic acids (including those that have been hydrophobically-or hydrophilically modified, e.g., polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid or maleic anhydride with various monomers such as styrene, acrylate or methacrylate esters, diisobutylene, and other hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers.
[0058] Wetting Agents
[0059] Wetting agent may be introduced into the compositions. These may be for example selected from one or more of silanes with poly (ethylene oxide) group, and EO-PO block copolymer. Examples of commercial wetting agent include DOWSILTM 67 Additive, DOWSILTM 500W Additive,
[0060] DOWSILTM 501W Additive and DOWSILTM 502W Additive and / or TERGITOLTM L-64 Additive which are all low molecular weight organofunctional silicones that give excellent wetting properties in both waterborne coating formulations, all of which are available from Dow Silicones Corporation.
[0061] pH adjuster
[0062] Any suitable pH adjuster may be utilised. A specific example is diethylamine (C2H5) 2NH) or an aqueous ammonia solution (otherwise known as ammonia water, or ammonia solution) .
[0063] Surfactants
[0064] Any suitable surfactant (s) may be incorporated in the waterborne composition described herein if desired. The surfactant (s) , when present, may may be selected from nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof.
[0065] Nonionic surfactants which may be used include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan esters, polyoxyalkylene esters, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, ethoxylated amides and others. Commercially available nonionic surfactants include The surfactants useful herein may be further exemplified by TERGITOLTM TMN-6, TERGITOLTM 15S40, TERGITOLTM 15S9, TERGITOLTM 15S 12, TERGITOLTM 15S 15 and TERGITOLTM 15S20, and TRITONTM X405 produced by The Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Michigan; BRIJTM 30 and BRIJTM 35 produced by Croda (UK) ; MAKONTM 10 produced by STEPAN COMPANY, (Chicago, IL) ; and ETHOMIDTM O / 17 produced by Akzo Nobel Surfactants (Chicago, IL) . Specific nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated esters, polysorbate esters, ethoxylated amides; polyoxypropylene compounds, such as propoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated / propoxylated block polymers and propoxylated esters; alkanolamides; amine oxides; fatty acid esters ofpolyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol esters, diethylene glycol esters, propylene glycol esters, glyceryl esters, polyglyceryl fatty acid esters, sorbitan esters, sucrose esters and glucose esters.
[0066] Suitable cationic surfactants include aliphatic fatty amines and their derivatives, such as dodecylamine acetate, octadecylamine acetate and acetates of the amines of tallow fatty acids; homologues of aromatic amines having fatty chains, such as dodecylanalin; fatty amides derived from aliphatic diamines, such as undecylimidazoline; fatty amides derived from disubstituted amines, such as oleylaminodiethylamine; derivatives of ethylene diamine; quaternary ammonium compounds, such as tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, didodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride and dihexadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride; amide derivatives of amino alcohols, such as beta-hydroxyethylstearyl amide; amine salts of long chain fatty acids; quaternary ammonium bases derived from fatty amides of di-substituted diamines, such as oleylbenzylaminoethylene diethylamine hydrochloride; quaternary ammonium bases of the benzimidazolines, such as methylheptadecyl benzimidazole hydrobromide; basic compounds of pyridinium and its derivatives, such as cetylpyridinium chloride; sulfonium compounds, such as octadecylsulfonium methyl sulphate; quatemary ammonium compounds ofbetaine, such as betaine compounds of diethylamino acetic acid and octadecylchloromethyl ether; urethanes of ethylene diamine, such as the condensation products of stearic acid and diethylene triamine; polyethylene diamines and polypropanolpolyethanol amines.
[0067] Suitable anionic surfactants include carboxylic, phosphoric and sulfonic acids and their salt derivatives. The anionic surfactants may include alkyl carboxylates; acyl lactylates; alkyl ether carboxylates; n-acyl sarcosinate; n-acyl glutamates; fatty acid-polypeptide condensates; alkali metal sulforicinates; sulfonated glycerol esters of fatty acids, such as sulfonated monoglycerides of coconut oil acids; salts of sulfonated monovalent alcohol esters, such as sodium oleylisethionate; amides of amino sulfonic acids, such as the sodium salt of oleyl methyl tauride; sulfonated products of fatty acids nitriles, such as palmitonitrile sulfonate; sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as sodium alpha-naphthalene monosulfonate; condensation products of naphthalene sulfonic acids with formaldehyde; sodium octahydroanthracene sulfonate; alkali metal alkyl sulphates, ether sulphates having alkyl groups of 8 or more carbon atoms and alkylarylsulfonates having 1 or more alkyl groups of 8 or more carbon atoms.
[0068] Preferred surfactants may be selected from, for the sake of example, one or more of alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkylether sulfate, carboxylate salts, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, an ionic surfactant, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymerized nonionic surfactant, fatty acid ethoxylates or a mixture thereof.
[0069] As hereinbefore described, there is also provided herein a method for making a waterbome composition comprising:
[0070] (i) mixing component (A) the aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water, component (C) methylene blue in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight of the composition and when present rheology modifier (D) ; and
[0071] (ii) introducing the least one solid functional ingredient (B) and mixing said component (B) with the product of step (i) to form a dispersion.
[0072] Optional additional additives as described above such as dispersing agents, wetting agents, and / or surfactants may be introduced during step (i) , during step (ii) or subsequent to step (ii) as preferred. Hence, in step (i) the aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water (component (A) , methylene blue component (B and, optional rheology modifier (component D) (when present) as well as additional optional additives such as dispersing agent (s) , wetting agent (s) and / or surfactant (s) may be added and mixed together until homogeneous and then in step (ii) the least one solid fimctional ingredient (B) for example filler, lubricating powders, and solid flame retardant agents are added into above mixture and mixed to form a waterborne composition in the form of a dispersion. In step (ii) component (B) is dispersed into the mixture of step (i) to form a dispersion of the waterborne composition.
[0073] Typically the waterborne composition prepared in steps (i) and (ii) may be used to make a slurry of component (B) , especially when component (B) is for, example, a filler such as talc being used as an anti-blocking agent in an airbag topcoat such that the resulting waterborne talc slurry composition can be applied onto an airbag or airbag fabric substrate before allowing the composition to dry or cure and the water evaporate.
[0074] Such a waterborne talc slurry composition however may not provide a continuous coating once dried and therefore in a further embodiment a waterborne film forming coating composition may be prepared by the additional inclusion of a suitable binder (sometimes referred to as a film former) to the above composition.
[0075] Waterborne coating compositions, especially waterborne film forming coating compositions
[0076] Waterborne coating compositions, especially waterborne film forming coating compositions are usually provided with a suitable binder for rendering the waterborne coating composition film forming. Given the composition herein is a waterborne composition with component (A) being an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water, the polymeric emulsions are oil in water emulsions. Examples include a polysiloxane oil in water emulsion, polyurethane oil in water emulsion, a polyacrylate oil in water emulsion or a polyolefin oil in water emulsion.
[0077] When the waterborne composition herein is a waterborne film forming coating composition, the waterborne film forming coating composition comprises:
[0078] (A) an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water;
[0079] (B) at least one solid functional ingredient;
[0080] (C) a methylene blue preservative in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight of the composition;
[0081] (E) a binder and optionally
[0082] (D) a rheology modifier.
[0083] Furthermore, such a waterborne film forming coating composition may be prepared using step (i) and (ii) as previously described and then undertaking a third step, step (iii) , introducing a binder (E) optionally together with additional optional additives such as additional wetting agent subsequent to step (ii) with further mixing to provide a homogeneous composition.
[0084] Binder (E)
[0085] Binders for waterborne film forming coating compositions are film forming components of coatings which are, in this case, mixed with an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water and a variety of additives to produce a required coating composition. In use, the waterborne film forming coating composition is applied onto a substrate and is allowed to dry or cure whilst the aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water evaporates with the binder drying and / or coalescing into a cohesive filmic coating on the substrate surface. The binders are largely responsible for retaining additives in the cohesive filmic coating and consequently for many of the physical properties therein. Hence, a “water-borne polymer / resin binder” is a binder having water as the main component of the aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water as the main carder / solvent can be for example a silicone binder or a polyurethane binder. Such a polymer / resin may be water soluble, water reducible or water dispersed e.g., in an aqueous emulsion which when applied onto a substrate in a waterborne film forming coating composition coalesces into a durable cohesive filmic coating as the aqueous liquid continuous phase (substantially water) dries and / or evaporates.
[0086] The polymer / resin emulsions can be made by any suitable process, for example, in the case of a polyorganosiloxane emulsion, a polyorganosiloxane polymer can be obtained by any known manufacturing method such as equilibrium polymerization or the like and then may be emulsified in water with an emulsifier. However, preparing a polyorganosiloxane, by emulsion polymerization using an organopolysiloxane with a lower degree of polymerization as a precursor is preferred. Such a polyorganosiloxane, may be prepared using emulsion polymerization with the following ingredients:
[0087] (i) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon bonded hydroxyl groups or two silicon bonded hydrolyzable groups serving as a precursor of the polyorganosiloxane and
[0088] (ii) an organosilicon compound having an average of two silicon bonded aminoxy groups per molecule,
[0089] in the presence of an emulsifier comprising an ionic surfactant, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymerized nonionic surfactant or a mixture thereof.
[0090] The organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon bonded hydroxyl groups or two silicon bonded hydrolyzable groups (i) serving as a precursor may be a linear or branched organopolysiloxane having s a lower viscosity than the polyorganosiloxane resulting from the emulsion polymerization process having terminal silicon bonded hydroxyl groups or terminal silicon bonded hydrolyzable groups which in each case are bonded to a terminal silicon atom at both ends of a molecular chain. More specifically, the precursor may be is an organopolysiloxane blocked with hydroxyl groups at both ends of a molecular chain, having a viscosity at 25℃ of from 50 to 50,000 mPa-s, having the structure
[0091] HO(R12SiO) nH
[0092] where n represents a number in which the viscosity of component (a) at 25℃ and R1 is the same as an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom other than the hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable group described above and is preferably a methyl group or phenyl group.
[0093] The organosilicon compound having an average of two silicon bonded aminoxy groups per molecule (ii) is a component for promoting the formation of a cured film having favorable surface hardness and rubber-like elasticity without a sense of pressure-sensitive adhesion by reacting and cross-linking with the above. Typically, it contains an average of two silicon bonded aminoxy groups per molecule. The aminoxy groups may be linked to silicon groups along a polymer chain or alternatively may be linked to terminal silicon groups or alternatively may be linked to a combination of both.
[0094] Such aminoxy group-containing organic silicon compounds include polydiorganosiloxanes blocked with aminoxy groups at both ends of a molecular chain, diorganosiloxane / organoaminoxysiloxane copolymers blocked with an aminoxy group at one end of a molecular chain,
[0095] diorganosiloxane / organoaminoxysiloxane copolymers blocked with triorganosilyl groups at both ends of a molecular chain, cyclic diorganosiloxane / organoaminoxysiloxane copolymers, and
[0096] diaminoxydiorganosilanes. Of these, polydiorganosiloxanes blocked with aminooxy groups at both ends of a molecular chain are preferred. The organosilicon compound having an average of two silicon bonded aminoxy groups per molecule (ii) is typically present in an amount of from 0.1 to 100 parts by wt., alternatively 0.5 to 50 parts by wt., and more alternatively 1 to 20 parts by wt. per 100 parts by wt. ofpolyorganosiloxane resulting from the emulsion polymerization process.
[0097] In one embodiment the organosilicon compound having an average of two silicon bonded aminoxy groups per molecule (ii) may be expressed by general formula:
[0098] R2R12SiO (R1R3SiO) n (R12 (SiO) pSiR12R2
[0099] In the formula above, R1 is the same as described above, but is alternatively an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly alternatively a methyl group or phenyl group. R3 is an aminoxy group. When n is zero, R2 is an aminoxy group; when n is 1, one R2 is an aminoxy group, and remaining R2s are a group selected from a group consisting ofunsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogen-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and alkoxyalkoxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and when n is 2, R2 is a group selected from a group consisting of unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogen-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, 1 to 10 alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkoxyalkoxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0100] Examples ofunsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbons include the same groups as described above, and a methyl group or a phenyl group is preferred. The halogen-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group is a group in which a portion or all hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group are substituted with a halogen atom, and is alternatively a chloromethyl group, a 3, 3, 3-trifiuoropropyl group, a 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-heptafiuoropentyl, a difiuoromonochloropropyl group, or other halogen-substituted alkyl group. Examples of the alkoxy group and the alkoxyalkoxy group include the same groups as described above.
[0101] Examples of the aminoxy group include groups selected from -ON (R4) 2 and a group expressed by the following formula.
[0102] In the formula, R4 is a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In the formula, R5 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms or a divalent organic group having a molecular main chain containing 3 to 17 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, and examples include: - (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) 5-, - (CH2) 6-, - (CH2) 7-, - (CH2) 2-O- (CH2) 2-, - (CH=CH) - (CH=CH) -, - (CH=N) - (CH=CH) -, - (C6H4) - (CH2) 2-. Of these, - (CH2) 6-and - (CH2 (CH2) 2-O- (CH2) 2-are preferred and a dialkyl aminoxy group in which an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferred.
[0103] Preferred examples of aminoxy groups include dimethyl aminoxy groups, diethyl aminoxy groups, dipropyl aminoxy groups, dibutyl aminoxy groups, diheptyl aminoxy groups, ethyl methyl aminoxy groups, propyl methyl aminoxy groups, propyl ethyl aminoxy groups, butyl methyl aminoxy groups, butyl ethyl aminoxy groups, butyl propyl aminoxy groups, heptyl methyl aminoxy groups, heptyl ethyl aminoxy groups, heptyl propyl aminoxy groups, and heptyl butyl aminoxy groups. A diethyl aminoxy group is preferred.
[0104] Furthermore, in the formula above, n is 0, 1 or 2, alternatively 0 or 2, and more alternatively 0.
[0105] When n is 0, R2 in the formula above is an aminoxy group, and when n is 1, at least one R2 in the formula above is an aminoxy group. Of these, when n in the formula above is alternatively 0, and R2 is altematively an aminoxy group from the perspective of ease of availability.
[0106] In the formula, p is zero or an integer. Although the upper limit ofp is not particularly limited, from the perspective of ease of emulsification, p is altematively an integer within a range of 1 to 1000 alternatively within a range of 2 to 200, alternatively within a range of 4 to 140. Examples of such aminoxy group-containing organic silicon compounds include aminoxy group-containing organic silicon compounds as expressed by the following formulae. In the following, Me indicates a methyl group, Et indicates an ethyl group, and Pr indicates a propyl group,
[0107] (Et2NO) Me2SiOSiMe2 (ONEt2) , (Et2NO) Me2SiO (Me2SiO) 12SiMe2 (ONEt2) ,
[0108] (Et2NO) Me2SiO (Me2SiO) 40SiMe2 (ON Et2) , (Et2NO) Me2SiO (Me2SiO) 80SiMe2 (ONEt2) ,
[0109] Me2Si (ONEt2) 2, Me3SiO (MeSi (ONEt2) O) 2SiMe3, Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 4 (MeSi (ONEt2) O) 2SiMe3,
[0110] Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 15 (MeSi (ONEt2) O) 2SiMe3 or Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 3 (MeSi (ONEt2) O) 7SiMe3.
[0111] Emulsifiers
[0112] The oil-in-water emulsions such as the aforementioned polyorganosiloxane oil-in-water emulsion comprise at least one emulsifier. The or each emulsifier can be selected from the list of surfactants provided above. For example, the emulsifier (s) may comprise an ionic surfactant as described above to function as an emulsifier and / or may comprise a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymerized nonionic surfactant as an emulsifier. When these emulsifiers are used in combination in a polyorganosiloxane oil-in-water emulsion the polyorganosiloxane, and an optionally included alkoxysilane can be stably emulsified in water with the emulsifier serving as a dispersing medium with a small particle size. In particular, when the polyorganosiloxane is formed by emulsion polymerization, the emulsion polymerization reaction can proceed stably to provide an oil-in-water type polyorganosiloxane emulsion, which is a highly stable emulsion polymerization reaction product. Furthermore, by using a binder containing a combination of these emulsifiers the composition can be uniformly applied to a silicone rubber surface in the form of a thin film, and even with a small application weight, a uniform dry coating film can be formed on a substrate having a silicone rubber surface.
[0113] When present, the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymerized nonionic emulsifier does not only function as an emulsifier but additionally functions as a wetting agent for suppressing the repelling of a coating film and uniformly covering a silicone rubber surface on a substrate, particularly when the waterborne composition as described herein is coated thinly on a silicone rubber surface. e.g., at a film thickness of 30 μm or less. Specifically, when the entire dry film is 100 wt.%, the amount of the nonionic emulsifier present is within a range of from 0.6 to 5 wt. %, preferably within a range of 0.6 to 4 wt. %, mass%, and even more preferably within a range of 0.6 to 3.5 wt. %of the composition.
[0114] The nonionic emulsifier may be adjusted as the amount of emulsifier in for example a silicone binder to meet the aforementioned range and may be added to the waterborne composition as described herein separately from the silicone binder. In particular, adopting a preparation method in which the nonionic emulsifier is separately blended with the silicone binder into the composition as described herein has an advantage where desired amount of the nonionic emulsifier can be achieved without impairing the stability of the silicone binder.
[0115] A preferred anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, or amphoteric surfactant in each case as previously described can be used as an “ionic emulsifier” as desired.
[0116] Colloidal silica
[0117] The water-borne polymer / resin binder for example a silicone binder or a polyurethane binder described herein comprising one of the oil-in-water emulsions, such as the aforementioned polyorganosiloxane oil-in-water emulsion may additionally comprise colloidal silica. Colloidal silica is utilised, when present, for improving the strength of the cured film made from curing the waterborne film forming coating composition containing the e.g., silicone binder and improving the adhesion properties to a substrate, and is a component that can form a cured film having excellent properties created by the presence of the solid functional ingredient (s) component (B) , e.g. as an anti-blocking agent for airbag using a filler such as talc and / or improving friction reducing properties, on a substrate surface, with in the latter case a decrease in surface pressure-sensitive adhesion (tack) when the oil-in-water emulsion contains a relatively large amount of colloidal silica as compared to the polyorganosiloxane, prepared by emulsion polymerisation. The colloidal silica can be provided in any suitable form but is generally commercially available in the form of aqueous dispersions in which 5 to 40 wt. %of silica particles is dispersed in water in a colloidal form. Such colloidal silicas have a high concentration of silanol groups bound to the silica surface on the surface. The colloidal silica particle size is generally in the range of from 1 nm to 1 μm. In one embodiment the colloidal silica may be a basic aqueous dispersion stabilized by sodium ions or ammonium ions. The pH of the colloidal silica may be 7.0 or higher, alternatively above 9.0. The shape of the fine silica particles of the colloidal silica is not particularly limited and is generally spherical but elongated or pearl necklace-shaped particles may also be used.
[0118] The amount of colloidal silica in the binder may be within a range of 5 to 120 parts by wt., alternatively 10 to 110 parts by wt., alternatively within a range of 20 to 100 parts by wt., as calculated by solid fraction per 100 parts by wt. of the polyorganosiloxane having at least two hydroxyl groups or hydrolyzable groups bonded to a silicon atom in one molecule, with a viscosity at 25℃ within a range of 100,000 mPa-sto 20,000,000 mPa-s.
[0119] When present, the colloidal silica is a non-volatile silica particle fraction and may be added during or after polymerization when the polyorganosiloxane as hereinbefore described is obtained by emulsion polymerization. Specifically, an aqueous dispersion of the colloidal silica particles containing water may be added to an emulsion containing the polyorganosiloxane, or an aqueous dispersion of the colloidal silica particles may be added to an emulsion containing a precursor of the polyorganosiloxane prior to commencement of the emulsion polymerization reaction if desired.
[0120] Commercial examples of such colloidal silica include SNOWTEXTM 20, SNOWTEXTM 30, and the like manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. ; ADELITETM AT-20 and the like manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd. ; KREVOSOLTM 30R9 and the like, manufactured by Clariant Japan; LUDOXTM HS-40 and the like manufactured by DuPont; CATALOIDTM S-20L and the like manufactured by JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd. ; SILICADOLTM S-20 and the like manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. ; and the like.
[0121] Alkoxysilane or alkoxyalkoxysilane
[0122] The water-borne polymer / resin binder for example a silicone binder or a polyurethane binder described herein comprising one of the oil-in-water emulsions, particularly the aforementioned polyorganosiloxane oil-in-water emulsion binder as described herein for use in a waterborne film forming coating composition may also or alternatively contain an alkoxysilane or alkoxyalkoxysilane expressed by the general formula:
[0123] R1aSiX4-a,
[0124] or a partially hydrolyzed condensation product of the alkoxysilane or alkoxyalkoxysilane, from the perspective of strength and close-fitting properties of a cured film. R1 in the formula is the same as described above and is alternatively a methyl group or a phenyl group. X is an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkoxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as
[0125] methoxymethoxy (H3C-O-C (H) 2-O-) ; a is 0, 1 or 2, but is alternatively 0 or 1. These may be a tetraalkoxysilane, alkyltrialkoxysilane, tetraalkoxyalkoxysilane, or alkyltrialkoxyalkoxysilane.
[0126] Alternatively, it may be a partially hydrolyzed condensation product of the aforementioned organoalkoxysilane, organoalkoxyalkoxysilane, tetraalkoxysilane or tetraalkoxyalkoxysilane.
[0127] Amine compound
[0128] The silicone binder as hereinbefore describe may also comprise an amine compound which functions aa s a pH adjuster, for example diethylamine ( (C2H5) 2NH) or an aqueous ammonia solution (otherwise known as ammonia water, or ammonia solution) .
[0129] Surfactants
[0130] diethylamine. The amine compound may also function as curing catalyst, during water content removal, and therefore can promote condensation reactions of each component, and particularly can achieve curing reactivity free of heavy metals such as tin or the like. When present the amine compound serving as a pH adjuster is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 wt. %, and more alternatively 0.1 to 2 wt. %of the binder.
[0131] Optional further additional additives in the binder
[0132] The water-borne polymer / resin binder for example a silicone binder or a polyurethane binder described herein may also comprise a variety of other optional additives including, for the sake of example, curing catalysts, pigments, defoaming agents, penetrating agents, antistatic agents, inorganic powders, rust inhibitors, bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) -disulfide and silane coupling agents not disclosed above in the binder and pH adjusters other than amino compounds described above.
[0133] Curing Catalyst
[0134] The water-borne polymer / resin binder described herein for the waterborne film forming coating composition may contain a curing catalyst. The curing catalyst may be incorporated in the binder in order to promote quick cross-linking curing of the components of the composition as described herein by a condensation reaction. Specific examples thereof include organic tin compounds such as octenoic acid tin, dibutyltin dioctate, laurate tin, dioctyl tin diversate, dioctyl tin diacetate, dibutyl tin bisoleyl malate, dimethyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, dimethyltin dilaurate, di-n-butyltin diacetate (DBTDA) , di-n-butyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, dimethyltin dineodecanoate (DMTDN) , dioctyltin dineodecanoate (DOTDN) , di-n-butyltin dicaprylate, di-n-butyltin di-2, 2-dimethyl octanoate, di-n-butyltin octanoate, di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) , di-n-butyltin distearate, di-n-butyltin dimaleate, di-n-butyltin dioleate, di-n-octyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, di-n-octyltin di-2, 2-dimethyl octanoate, di-n-octyltin dimaleate, dipropyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dibutyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dipentyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dihexyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dioctyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , didecyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , didodecyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , di-n-octyl tin dilaurate (DOTDL) , di-n-butyl tin oxide, carbomethoxyphenyl tin trisuberate, tin butyrate, butyltintri-2-ethylhexoate, tin naphthenate, isobutyltin triceroate, tin octoate, triethyltin tartrate and di-n-octyl tin oxide.
[0135] Any suitable tetra-alkoxy titanates and / or tetra-alkoxy zirconates which act as condensation catalysts may be utilised. The tetra-alkoxy titanates and tetra-alkoxy zirconates may comprise compounds according to the general formula
[0136] M[OR7] 4
[0137] Where M is titanium or zirconium and each R7 may be the same or different and represents a monovalent, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be linear or branched containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0138] Typically, each R7 may be the same or different and include but are not restricted to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tertiary butyl, tertiary amyl (C (C2H5) (CH3) 2) . pentyl or hexyl groups and branched secondary alkyl groups such as 2, 4-dimethyl-3-pentyl groups. In some embodiments one or more R7 groups may contain partial unsaturation. In one embodiment all the R7 are the same alkyl group.
[0139] Examples include the following tetra-alkoxy titanates and their zirconate equivalents:
[0140] Ti (OCH2CH (CH3) 2) 4 tetra isobutyltitanate or tetra isobutoxy titanium (TiBT) ,
[0141] Ti[OC (CH3) 3] 4 -tetra tertiary butyl titanate or tetra tertiarybutoxy titanium (TtBT)
[0142] Ti (C (C2H5) (CH3) 2) 4 -tetrateriary amyl titanate
[0143] Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3) 4 -tetra n-butyl titanate or tetra n-butoxy titanium (TnBT)
[0144] And other suitable tetra-alkoxy titanate catalysts such as TyzorTM 9000 commercially available from Dorf Ketal Speciality Catalysts, LLC which has has the formula
[0145] Ti [isopropoxy] a’ [t-butoxy] b’
[0146] where the total number of [isopropoxy] + [tertiary butoxy] groups per Ti atom (a’ + b’ ) is 4 and
[0147] wherein, on average there are about 10% [isopropoxy] and 90% [t-butoxy] groups.
[0148] Alternatively, the titanate and / or zirconate may be at least partially chelated. The chelation may be with any suitable chelating agent which enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst e.g., an alkyl acetoacetate such as methyl acetoacetate or ethylacetylacetonate. An example being diisopropoxy titanium bis (ethylacetoacetate or titanium (IV) bis (ethylacetoacetato) diisopropoxide (TDIDE) as well as the following organic zirconium chelates and their titanium equivalents, zirconium tributoxy acetylacetonate, zirconium butoxyacetylacetonate bisethylacetoacetate, zirconium tetraacetylacetonate, and the like; zirconium-based condensation co-catalysts of zirconium bis (2-ethyl hexanoate) oxide, zirconium acetylacetonate (2-ethyl hexanoate) oxide, and other oxozirconium compounds, and the like;
[0149] Additionally, acidic compounds such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the like; alkaline compounds such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and the like; amine-based compounds such as n-hexylamine, guanidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , and the like may be introduced as catalysts.
[0150] aluminum alcoholate such as aluminum triethylate, aluminum triisopropylate, aluminum tri (sec-butylate) , and the like; aluminum chelate compounds such as diisopropoxy aluminum (ethyl acetoacetate) aluminum tris (ethyl acetoacetate) , aluminum tris (acetylacetonate) , and the like; aluminum based condensation co-catalysts of hydroxy aluminum bis (2-ethyl hexanoate) , and other aluminum acyloxy compounds, and the like; and condensation reaction catalysts of zinc stearate, zinc octylate, zinc acetate, iron octylate, and other organic acid metal salts, and the like may also be introduced to function as catalysts. Unless the above curing catalysts are water-soluble, the curing catalysts are preferably in the form of an emulsion emulsified and dispersed in advance in water using a surfactant as hereinbefore described.
[0151] The amount of the condensation reaction catalyst to be used in the waterborne composition as described herein is not particularly limited and can be an arbitrary amount within a range in which an object of promoting a condensation reaction is achieved. However, the use of the condensation reaction catalyst is optional and does not need to be used in the present composition. Note that a composition containing a condensation reaction catalyst is described in U.S. Patent No. 4221688, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0152] Furthermore, the binder may be prepared from a siloxane polymer and a suitable autocatalytic cross-linking agent, surfactant, and water. This type of composition is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5994459, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0153] Flame Retardants
[0154] If desired the flame retardants of component (B) as described above may be introduced into the composition as part of the binder.
[0155] The waterborne composition as described herein, especially when a waterbome coating composition and most particularly when a waterborne film forming coating composition may be applied on to a substrate by various techniques. Different substances may require different coating methods. For example, a coating may be applied as an outer coating to a coated airbag or coated airbag fabric by roller application, curtain coating, spraying, or knife-over roller. Roller application is often preferred as an effective method of uniformly coating with a low coating weight. The amount of waterborne film forming coating composition that is transferred to a fabric is a function of the pressure on a roller and / or the depth of an etched surface during gravure. An outer coating is preferably applied at a coating amount of 10 g / m2 to a maximum of 100 g / m2 on a water content weight basis. A coating film weight of 1 g / m2 or more after drying can provide a low coefficient of friction and / or minimize or prevent blocking.
[0156] The amount of aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water (water and an arbitrary co-solvent mixed with water) in the waterborne composition according to the present disclosure may be controlled based on the viscosity required for a coating and the coating weight required. Typically, the waterborne film forming coating composition has a solid fraction content of 1.5 to 50 wt. %and contains 98.5 to 50%of the aqueous liquid continuous phase.
[0157] The waterborne composition as described herein can generally be applied to any suitable substrate where the resultant coating is required in order to provide reduced friction and / or minimize / prevent blocking or the like. The waterborne film forming coating composition is particularly effective when applied as an outer coating on an airbag, or in other similar applications such as emergency chutes on aircraft, a hot air balloon, or the like, but can also be used to improve handling in other applications such as keypads, mold formation, coating of wires, and the like and in molding processes such as silicone molding processes and the like.
[0158] When the waterborne composition as described herein is applied as an outer coating to a coated airbag or a coated airbag fabric, a base coating may be any known silicone rubber-based or organic resin-based cured product and is not particularly limited. From the perspective of an airbag coating, the base coating is particularly preferably an organopolysiloxane composition, and the organopolysiloxane composition preferably contains: an organopolysiloxane having an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy substitution group; organic silicon cross-linking agent having at least three hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon; a catalyst capable of promoting a reaction between an Si-H group and the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy substitution; and a reinforcing filler. Such a base coating forms a silicone rubber layer by curing, and therefore is highly flexible and effective in sealing an airbag but has a high coefficient of friction.
[0159] The waterborne composition as described herein, especially when a waterbome coating compositions and most particularly when a waterborne film forming coating composition waterborne composition as described herein, when applied to a silicone rubber surface, has an advantage of being able to form a coating film with excellent uniformity without causing repelling or coating failure, even when applied in a thin film form at a low coating amount and a thickness of 30 g / m2 or less.
[0160] A waterborne composition as described herein has an advantage with regard to a substrate using silicone rubber as a base coating. In other words, even when a silicone rubber is used as a base coating material, the waterborne film forming coating composition as described herein does not contain a component that reacts with the base coating material, and thus does not cause deterioration of a base coating even after a long period of time and at high temperatures (for example, severe heat resistance conditions such as 107℃ for 408 hours and the like) . Therefore, using the waterborne composition as herein described can provide a coated fabric for an airbag with stable performance over a long period.
[0161] Ifthe base coating is curable, the base coating is generally cured before an outer coating is applied. However, as an alternative method, the waterborne composition as described herein may be applied to an uncured base coating t, and the base coating composition and the coating film composition may be thermally cured together.
[0162] When, for example, a coating film for reducing friction and / or minimizing / preventing blocking is applied to a cured base coating, the coating for reducing friction and / or minimizing / preventing blocking can be cured at ambient temperature, or can be cured more rapidly at a higher temperature, such as a temperature within a range of 50 to 200℃, and particularly 100 to 150℃. One possible method of curing at high temperatures includes applying the waterborne film forming coating composition that reduces friction and / or minimizing / preventing blocking to a heated substrate, such as a coated airbag or airbag fabric immediately after heat curing the base coating.Examples
[0163] The present disclosure is described by the following examples, and parts and percentages in the examples are based on weight, unless otherwise indicated. All the experimental examples and comparatives were made in a lab change can mixer or speed mixer.
[0164] In a first set of examples waterborne compositions C. 1 and Ex. 1 to 2 in the form of waterborne slurries of talc containing low levels of methylene blue were prepared in accordance with the compositions in Table 1 below.
[0165] Table 1: filler slurry compositions with different methylene blue content
[0166] In the above
[0167] C. 1 contained 10ppm of methylene blue, Ex. 1 contained 20 ppm of methylene blue and Ex. 2 contained 40ppm of methylene blue, e.g., for Ex. 2 calculated as ( (1 / 100) x 0.4%) = 40ppm.
[0168] BengelTM W100U an anionic polymer treated nano-clay commercially available from Hojun Co, Ltd was used as a first rheology modifier or thickener;
[0169] BengelTM SH a Silane-treated Nano-clay commercially available from Hojun Co, Ltd was used as a second rheology modifier or thickener;
[0170] Micro Ace Talc P-3 is a fine powder talc having a D50 particle size of approximately 5μm which is commercially available from Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.
[0171] The slurries of talc were prepared in accordance with the method described herein. In a first step water, the two theology modifiers and the methylene blue solution were mixed together in a first step until homogeneous after which in a seconds step the talc was added and was mixed into the product of the first step.
[0172] Samples of the Ref. 1, C. 1, Ex. 1 and Ex. 2 compositions (about 50g by weight) were prepared and subsequently injected with 1ml of test mold. Six different common molds were injected into an equivalent number of samples of each of Ref. 1, C. 1, Ex. 1 and Ex. 2. The different molds injected into the samples are indicated in Table 2 below. The concentration of the mold injected was about 5x106 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu / ml) .
[0173] The samples were left in the laboratory at room temperature and were evaluated after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.
[0174] After 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days the mold growth was assessed by undertaking the following process with respect to each sample into which a mold had been injected:
[0175] (i) a 1ml aliquot of a mold injected sample was transferred into a first tube containing 9ml of Dey / Engley (D / E) neutralizing broth and was mixed well to form a first sample (S1) ;
[0176] (ii) a 1ml aliquot of the S1 mixture was then transferred into a tube containing 9ml of Dey / Engley (D / E) neutralizing broth and was mixed well to form a second sample (S2) ;
[0177] (iii) a 1ml aliquot of the S2 mixture was then transferred into a tube containing 9ml of Dey / Engley (D / E) neutralizing broth and was mixed well to form a third sample (S3) ,
[0178] After the above 1ml of the S1 mixture was introduced into an “S1 petri dish” , 1ml of the S2 mixture was introduced into an “S2 petri dish” and 1ml of the S3 mixture was introduced into an “S3 petri dish” . Approximately 20ml of melted Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was poured into each respective petri-dish and the contents of each petri-dish was well mixed and allowed to solidify.
[0179] The petri dishes were then incubated at 27.5° C for 5 days after which each sample was visually assessed for mold growth.
[0180] In order to pass the test samples were required to show a 3-log reduction or greater is recorded after 7 days and no noticeable increase was identified after days 14, 21, 28. For the avoidance of doubt a log reduction is where the microbe count is reduced by a factor of 10. Hence, a 1 log reduction =90%death (1 in 10 survival) , a 2-log reduction = 99%death (1 in 100 survival) and a 3-log reduction = 99.9%dead (1 in 1000 survive) .
[0181] The molds used in the tests and the results for the samples of the slurries of compositions in Table 1 after following the above regime and were assessed for their visual mold growth depicted below in Table 2 below.
[0182] Table 2: Mold Growth test results for Ref. 1, C. 1 and Ex. 1 to 2 with methylene blue preservative after the 28-day test
[0183] In Table 2 Ref. 1 identifies that samples failed the mold growth test with Aspergillus brasilensis and Aspergillus niger molds added. Ref. 1 contained no preservative. C. 1 contained 10ppm of methylene blue and it can be seen failed the mold growth test for Aspergillus niger in each case because visible mold growth was observed in the respective petri dishes.
[0184] Both Ex. 1, containing 20ppm methylene blue by weight of the composition and Ex. 2 containing 40 ppm methylene blue by weight of the composition passed the test for all six molds.
[0185] A second investigation was conducted with several alternative binders. The silicone binder used in the following examples was prepared as described below:
[0186] Process for making the silicone binder 1 used in Ex. 3 below.
[0187] 92.5 parts of an organopolysiloxane precursor having at least two silicon bonded hydroxyl groups or two silicon bonded hydrolyzable groups having a viscosity of 2400 mPa-s
[0188] and 7.5 parts of a polysiloxane containing terminal aminoxy groups having the following formula:
[0189] Et2NO (Me2SiO) 7NEt2
[0190] were uniformly blended in a pre-blended dispersion with
[0191] 3.75 parts of a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer type nonionic emulsifier which is commercially available under the Product name: PluronicTM F108 from Adeka and
[0192] 12.5 parts of a 40%aqueous solution of sodium alkane sulfonate, (anionic surfactant) and emulsified in an emulsifier.
[0193] 86 parts of (D) water,
[0194] 44.0 parts of a colloidal silica commercially available under the product name SnowtexTM 3 0 produced by Nissan Chemical, which is colloidal silica surface stabilized with sodium having 30%active ingredient &pH 10; and
[0195] 1.25 parts of diethylamine were added to the emulsion that was obtained, and then uniformly blended.
[0196] In addition, 2.5 parts of methyltriethoxysilane was added, uniformly blended, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 weeks to prepare an oil-in-water polysiloxane emulsion base.
[0197] In the second set of results some waterborne film forming compositions using several of the optional ingredients described above was prepared with the compositions depicted in Table 3a.
[0198] Table 3a: Example of waterborne film forming compositions Ex. 3 and Ex. 4 (wt. %)
[0199] In the above the ingredients are as previously identified other than the following:
[0200] Dispersant was TAMOLTM 963 Dispersant a versatile, low-cost, non-foaming, water-soluble polyacid dispersant commercially available from the Dow Chemical Company;
[0201] NATROSOLTM 250 is a water-soluble hydroxyethyl cellulose commercially available from Ashland Inc. ;
[0202] Wetting Agent is DOWSILTM 501W Additive is a silicone based wetting agent commercially available from the Dow Silicones Corporation;
[0203] Polyurethane dispersion was an aqueous anionic polyurethane dispersion which has aliphatic polymer chain backbone, with a 40%solids content, a pH of between 6 and 9 and an average viscosity of from 100 to 1000mPa. s at 25℃ in accordance with standard test method GB / T 2794-2013;
[0204] ACRYSOLTM DR-180 Rheology Modifier is a hydrophobically modified, alkali-soluble, anionic associative thickener used as either a primary or co-thickener in water-based coatings.
[0205] In the following results the microbial evaluation was carded out in accordance with corporate test method CTM 0219C of Dow Silicones Corporation which is available to the public upon request.
[0206] Table 3b: Mold test results (cfu / ml) for waterborne film forming compositions Ex. 3 and 4 when evaluated using aspergillus brasilensis mold after 1 day and 1, 2 and 3 weeks.
[0207] As shown in Table 3b the antimicrobial performance of methylene blue was validated in different waterborne polymeric coating composites with different solid content and different polymeric emulsions. The challenge test results showed that the coating composites with 40ppm methylene blue have good antimicrobial performance against common molds.
Claims
1.A waterborne composition comprising(A) An aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water;(B) at least one solid functional ingredient;(C) a methylene blue preservative in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight of the composition; and optionally(D) a rheology modifier.2.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein component (B) the at least one solid functional ingredient is selected from one or more of the inorganic fillers, one or more solid lubricants, one or more fire retardant additives or a mixture thereof.3.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein rheology modifier (D) is present in the composition and comprises one or more polysaccharide rheology modifiers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , urethane associate rheology modifiers (UAT) , polyether urea polyurethanes (PEUPU) , polyether polyurethanes (PEPU) , alkali swellable emulsions (ASE) , hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE) associative thickeners such as hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) ; methyl cellulose ethers, hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC) , hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) , hydrophobically-modified hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HMHEC) , sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) , sodium carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, and 2-hydoxypropyl cellulose or a mixture of two or more thereof.4.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein rheology modifier (D) is present in the composition and comprises bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, soconite, beidellite or a mixture thereof.5.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 which additionally comprises one or more additional additives selected from dispersing agents, wetting agents, surfactants, non-reinforcing fillers, lubricants or a mixture thereof.6.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 which is a waterborne film forming coating composition additionally comprising a binder.7.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 6 wherein the binder comprises a polysiloxane oil in water emulsion, polyurethane oil in water emulsion, a polyacrylate oil in water emulsion, a polyolefin oil in water emulsion or a mixture thereof.8.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 6 or 7 wherein the binder comprises a polysiloxane oil in water emulsion, containing at least one emulsifier, colloidal silica or a mixture thereof.9.A waterborne composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein the at least one emulsifier comprises an ionic emulsifier and a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymerized nonionic emulsifier.10.A waterborne composition in accordance with any preceding claim which is a waterborne film forming composition which is a coating agent for an airbag or for a coating fabric formed into an airbag.11.A method for making a waterborne composition comprising(i) mixing component (A) an aqueous liquid continuous phase comprising or consisting of water, component (C) methylene blue in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight of the composition and when present rheology modifier (D) ; and subsequently(ii) introducing at least one solid functional ingredient (B) and mixing said component (B) with the product of step (i) to form a dispersion.12.A method for making a waterborne composition in accordance with claim 11 and subsequent to step (ii) undertaking a third step, step (iii) , introducing a binder (E) optionally together with additional optional additives with further mixing to provide a homogeneous waterborne film forming composition.13.Use of methylene blue (C) in an amount of from 15 ppm to 100 ppm by weight of the composition as a preservative in a waterborne composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10.14.Use of a waterborne composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 as a topcoat for an airbag.