A robot unit, a robot comprising the same and a method for routing at least one cable in the robot unit
The novel cable routing method in robots, fixing cables only at input ends of actuators and using a linking mechanism, addresses the issue of premature damage by increasing cable lifetime and durability, enhancing robot performance and service life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing cable routing in robots results in premature damage due to frequent bending and torsional forces, limited motion cable length, and unsatisfactory performance and durability, especially in robots with high performance requirements.
A novel cable routing method where the cable is fixed only at the input ends of adjacent actuators, eliminating fixing at the output ends, allowing for a larger bending radius and motion cable length, and incorporating a linking mechanism without additional fixing elements, thus increasing the twistable angle and motion range.
The cable lifetime is doubled, and the robot's service life is extended, with improved durability and performance, as the stress is distributed over a longer length, reducing the risk of premature breakage.
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Figure CN2024141574_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A ROBOT UNIT, A ROBOT COMPRISING THE SAME AND A METHOD FOR ROUTING AT LEAST ONE CABLE IN THE ROBOT UNITFIELDEmbodiments of present disclosure generally relate to the field of a robot, and more particularly, to a robot unit comprising at least two actuators and at least one cable fixed to the two actuators, and to a method for routing at least one cable in the robot unit.BACKGROUNDNowadays, a number of various cables are provided in a robot (e.g. in a joint portion of an industrial robot) , including the cables for transmitting electrical energy or transmitting signals, for example, power line, motor cables, signal line such as sensor cables, or cables for mechanical use, such as brake cables etc. Each actuator in a robot has an input end and an output end and the input end of the actuator is provided with an electrical connector. The cables in such robot are usually arranged and fixed to the actuators such that the cable could move or twist along with the movement of the actuators. As a result, the cables would frequently deform or twist under the bending and / or torsional forces, which may lead to a premature damage of the cable. Normally, it is desired that the motion range for the actuators is as large as possible, which results in a challenge for the cables fixed thereto, especially for the actuators with short length and small hollow diameter. The cable would thus be a vulnerable portion in the robot.More specifically, for an articulated robot, the cable is usually fixed to the input and the output ends of the actuator by two fixing elements, respectively, and the portion of the cable between the input and the output ends of the actuator is thus movable. The length of the movable portion of the cable is often referred to as motion cable length. In this situation, for the cable fixed to one actuator, the motion cable length is close to the length of the actuator, due to the fact of being fixed at the two ends of the actuator. In the situation of two adjacent actuators, the cable is fixed to each actuator at their two ends respectively, as already mentioned, and the input end of one actuator is connected to the output end of the other actuator. Accordingly, four fixing elements are necessary for fixing the cable, two of which are located in the space between the two adjacent actuators. One electrical connector for the two adjacent actuators is also arranged in this space. Since the size of the robot is desirable to be as small as possible, the space between the two actuators are usually very constrained, the cable in this space will be bent or twisted at small angles, even in a stationary state. The cable in this space also has a very small bending radius. Such bending and small bending radius of the cable would increase damage risk.However, such routing of the cables in a robot has several drawbacks, such as the motion cable length is limited to the length of the actuator as mentioned in the above, which is not enough satisfactory. Such cable routing can be used in a distributed drive robot which has few cables than other types of robot. However, such routing is not suitable for a centralized drive robot, which involves a large number of cables or air hoses, and thus needs longer motion cable length. Further, due to the frequent bending and / or torsional forces in such short motion cable length, the performance, the lifetime and durability for cable in a robot is not satisfactory, especially for those robots with higher performance requirement.Thus, an improved manner of cable routing is desired, in which the cable has larger motion cable length and longer lifetime with better performance.SUMMARYVarious example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a robot unit, a robot comprising the robot unit and a method for routing at least one cable in the robot unit.In a first aspect of the present disclosure, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a robot unit. The robot unit comprises at least a first actuator comprising an input end and an output end. The robot unit further comprises at least a second actuator movable relative to the first actuator and comprises an input end and an output end thereof. At least one cable extends through the first and the second actuators and is fixed at the input ends of the first and the second actuators respectively by a first cable fixing element and a second cable fixing element, without being fixed at the output ends of the first and second actuators. The output end of the first actuator is coupled to the output end of the second actuator.Previously, in the prior art, the input end of the first actuator is connected to the output end of the second actuator. In the present invention, the output end of the first actuator is coupled to the output end of the second actuator. In such arrangement, the mounting direction for the first actuator is reversed, thereby leaving a larger space between the two adjacent actuators. In this way, for example, in the situation that the two adjacent actuators are arranged so that their axis extend in directions perpendicular to each other, the first actuator could be arranged as further away from the second actuator as compared to the existing arrangement, and the cable in the space between two adjacent actuator could thus extend with larger angle, such as extending with nearly 90 degrees. The bending radius for the cable is also larger.Due to such routing arrangement of the cable between two actuators in a robot unit, its performance would be significantly improved. The two fixing elements at the space between two adjacent actuators are eliminated, which simplifies the assembly and saves the cost. In addition to the larger bending radius, the motion cable length is also increased. In other words, the cable for these two adjacent actuators are only fixed at the input ends of the two actuators that far away from each other, without being fixed at the output ends of the two actuators that are close to each other. In this way, the motion cable length could be regarded as from one input end of the first actuator to the input end of the second actuator. Meanwhile, the twistable angle for the cable is significantly increased, which allows for larger motion range of the actuators, with greater freedom for design.Further, the lifetime of a cable largely depends on its torsion capability, which is usually measured by torsion angle per meter. The increase of the larger motion range would lead to bigger torsion angle and accordingly a longer lifetime. The lifetime of the cables in the robot also determines the service life of the robot, especially the cables with the shortest lifetime. If the cable breaks, the robot will be not able to operate normally. The motion cable possibly has the shortest lifetime due to its frequent movement and bending. Increasing the lifetime of the cable would have significant importance for increasing the service time of the robot.According to the tests under same circumstances, due to such routing as proposed by the inventor, the lifetime for the same cable arranged between the two adjacent actuators could be increased by twice than the previous traditional routing.According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the first and the second actuators each have an electrical connector arranged at a position adjacent to the input ends thereof. The electrical connector is configured to electrically connect with the cable (s) and transmit the power via the cable (s) to the corresponding actuator, such as the motor (s) and / or the sensor (s) inside the actuator. The electrical connector on the actuator may be provided to match with a further electrical connector on the cable, such as a pair of male and female connectors. For example, the electrical connector on the actuator may be in the form of a plug, and the further electrical connector on the cable may be in the form of a socket. The power could thus be transmitted from the cable through the electrical connectors to the motor and the sensors inside the actuator.In some embodiments, the robot unit comprises a linking mechanism configured for coupling the output ends of the first and the second actuators, and the at least one cable sequentially extends through the first actuator, the linking mechanism and the second actuator.In some embodiments, the at least one cable is not fixed in the linking mechanism. In other words, the linking mechanism is free of any cable fixing element and thus the cable is free in the linking mechanism. Rather than in the prior art that the cable is fixed at two sides of the linking mechanism, the length of this portion of the cable could also be used for motion, which further increases the motion cable length of the cable and leads to a longer lifetime.In some embodiments, the at least one cable is a motion cable and its motion cable length in the first and the second actuators is larger than a sum of the length of the first and the second actuators. Due to the increase of the motion cable length, the points under stress or being bent would be more widely distributed in the cable, instead of being focused on certain points which would lead to premature breakage of the cable. In other words, the stress applied to the cable would be more distributed.In some embodiments, the first actuator includes a first hollow shaft therein, and the at least one cable extends through the first hollow shaft. In some embodiments, the second actuator includes a second hollow shaft therein, and the at least one cable extends through the second hollow shaft. In this way, the space in the actuators could be utilized without requiring additional space for routing the cables.In some embodiments, the robot unit further comprises a first actuator housing for accommodating at least a portion of the first actuator. In some embodiments, the robot unit further comprises a second actuator housing for accommodating at least a portion of the second actuator. Due to the housings, the first and the second actuators could be protected from external damages.
[0001] In some embodiments, a protective sleeve is provided outside of the at least one cable, such as a braided sleeve. In this way, the cable could be further protected from damages. The protective sleeve may be flexible to allow its movement.In a second aspect of the present disclosure, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a robot comprising a robot unit described above. Such robot could have a longer service life due to the increased lifetime of the cables routed in the robot.In a third aspect of the present disclosure, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for routing at least one cable in a robot unit described above, comprising: extending at least one cable through a first actuator; extending the at least one cable through a second actuator. The method also comprises fixing the at least one cable at an input end of the first actuator by a first cable fixing element, without being fixed at an output end of the first actuator. The method further involves fixing the at least one cable at an input end of the second actuator by a second cable fixing element, without being fixed at an output end of the second actuator.In some embodiments, the method further comprises extending the at least one cable through a linking mechanism, without fixing the at least one cable in the linking mechanism. In some embodiments, the method comprises coupling an output end of the first actuator to one end of the linking mechanism, and coupling an output end of the second actuator to the other end of the linking mechanism.The method allows for simpler assembly with less fixing elements. For two adjacent actuators in the robot, only two cable fixing elements are needed, while allowing for the achievement of better performance for the cable.These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment (s) described hereinafter.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGSThrough the following detailed descriptions with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features and advantages of the example embodiments disclosed herein will become more comprehensible. In the drawings, several example embodiments disclosed herein will be illustrated in an exemplary and in a non-limiting manner, wherein:Fig. 1 illustrates a simplified and schematic diagram of an actuator with a cable extending there through in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic robot unit comprising two actuators and a linking mechanism there between in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic cable fixing element in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference symbols are used to indicate the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIEMTNSPrinciples of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to several example embodiments shown in the drawings. Though example embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it is to be understood that the embodiments are described only to facilitate those skilled in the art in better understanding and thereby achieving the present disclosure, rather than to limit the scope of the disclosure in any manner.The term “comprises” or “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to” . The term “or” is to be read as “and / or” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on” . The term “being operable to” is to mean a function, an action, a motion or a state can be achieved by an operation induced by a user or an external mechanism. The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment” . The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment” . The terms “first” , “second” , and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. A definition of a term is consistent throughout the description unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted” , “connected” , “supported” , and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Furthermore, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. In the description below, like reference numerals and labels are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the figures. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.According to embodiments of the present disclosure, to improve the performance and durability of the cables provided in a robot comprising a plurality of robot units, a new manner for routing the cable between two adjacent actuators in the robot is proposed, such that its twistable angle and the motion cable length could be increased, leading to the improved lifetime, durability and a larger motion range. The above idea may be implemented in various manners, as will be described in detail in the following paragraphs.Hereinafter, the principles of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter in detail with reference to Figs. 1-3. Referring to Fig. 1 first, Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an actuator 10, 20, and Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a robot unit 1 comprising two actuators 10, 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 illustrates a cable fixing element used in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The actuator 10, 20 in the present disclosure may comprise gears, motors, shafts, couplings or any other components provided in a robot.As shown in Fig. 1, each actuator 10, 20 comprises an input end 110, 210 and an output end 120, 220. The actuator 10, 20 has an electrical connector 14, 24 arranged at a position adjacent to the input ends 110, 210 thereof. The electrical connector 14, 24 is configured for powering the at least one cable 100.In some embodiments, each actuator comprises a hollow shaft and at least one flexible and twistable cable 100 could extend through the hollow shaft. In this way, the volume inside the actuator could be utilized, and there is no need for extra or dedicated space for routing the cables. The cable 100 could be any type of cables provided in a robot, for supplying the electrical energy, transmitting signals and / or for mechanical uses. The cable 100 could be a motion cable. The cable 100 is fixed at the input ends 110, 210 of the actuator 10, 20 by the cable fixing elements 13, 23.In some embodiments, a protective sleeve may be provided outside of the at least one cable 100, such as a braided sleeve. Such protective sleeve would protect the cable from damage and provide additional support for the cable. The material for such protective sleeve could be any type of flexible materials.Referring to Fig. 2, it illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary robot unit 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, which comprises a first and a second actuators 10, 20 as explained in connection with Fig. 1. The first and the second actuators 10, 20 are movable relative to each other. For example, the second actuator 20 could rotate relative to the first actuator 10. The first and the second actuators 10, 20 may have same or similar construction in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the construction of the first actuator 10 may be different from that of the second actuator 20. As shown, the axis of the first and the second actuators 10, 20 extend in the directions perpendicular to each other. However, the axis of the two adjacent actuators could also extend in other orientations different from those in Fig. 2, such as with angled orientations.The first actuator 10 is coupled to the second actuator 20 in a way proposed by the present disclosure. In the illustrated embodiment, the output end 120 of the first actuator 10 is coupled to the output end 220 of the second actuator 20. The output end 120 may be coupled to the output end 220 via a linking mechanism 30. Due to such arrangement, there is no electrical connector arranged in the space between the two actuators 10, 20. The first actuator 10 could be arranged as further away from the second actuator 20, as compared to the existing arrangement, and the space between the two actuators is thus greater.The linking mechanism 30 extends between the output end 120 of the first actuator 10 is coupled to the output end 220 of the second actuator 20. There are two joints in this robot unit 1, one between the first actuator 10 and the linking mechanism 30, and the other between the second actuator 20 and the linking mechanism 30.As shown in Fig. 2, at least one cable 100 sequentially extends through the first actuator 10, the linking mechanism 30 and the second actuator 20. This cable 100 is only fixed at the input ends 110, 210 of the first and the second actuators 10, 20 respectively by a first cable fixing element 13 and a second cable fixing element 23. The cable 100 is not fixed at the output ends 120, 220 of the first and second actuators 10, 20. In this way, only two cable fixing elements 13, 23 are required.The motion cable length for the cable 100 in the first and the second actuators 10, 20 could be from the input end 110 of the first actuator 10 to the input end 210 of the second actuator, which is larger than a sum of the length of the first and the second actuators 10, 20. In this way, as compared with the existing routing, the motion cable length for the cable is significantly increased. The increase of the larger motion range would lead to bigger torsion angle and accordingly a longer lifetime. The service life of the robot also depends on the lifetime of the cables in the robot, especially the cables with the shortest lifetime. If the cable breaks, the robot would be not able to operate normally. Increasing the lifetime of the cable would have significant importance for increasing the service time of the robot.The cable 100 is not fixed in the linking mechanism 30, either. In other words, the linking mechanism 30 is free of any cable fixing element and thus the cable is free to move in the linking mechanism. Rather than in the prior art that the cable is fixed at both sides of the linking mechanism, the length of this portion of the cable could also be used for motion, which further increases the motion cable length of the cable and leads to a longer lifetime.Further, the cable 100 in the space between two adjacent actuator 10, 20 could thus extend with larger angle, such as extending with nearly 90 degrees. The bending radius for the cable 100 and its twistable angle are also larger than the existing routing. This also allows for large motion range for the two actuators 10, 20, thereby imparting the design of the robot unit more flexibility. Moreover, the force applied to the cable could be more distributed over the cable, instead of being centralized on certain points. According to the test results, the lifetime and the durability for the same cable arranged between the two adjacent actuators could be increased by twice than the traditional routing.As can be seen in Figs. 1-2, the robot unit further comprises a first actuator housing 101 for accommodating at least a portion of the first actuator 10. Similarly, the robot unit may comprise a second actuator housing 201 for accommodating at least a portion of the second actuator 20. The first and the second actuator housings 101, 201 shield and protects the first and the second actuators 10, 20 from the outside.Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cable fixing element 13, 23 for fixing the cable. The cable fixing element 13, 23 comprises a hood for passing through the cable, a tighten screw and two assembly holes. The cable fixing element is not limited to that as shown in Fig. 3, but could be any suitable type or structure for fixing the cable to the actuator or the actuator housing.With the above arrangements, the inventors have conducted experiments for the performance of the cable by means of the proposed routing. In addition to the increased motion cable length, the cable in the proposed routing could be subject to about six million times of torsion, while the cable in the existing routing could only bear about three million times of torsion. This means that the lifetime of the cable could be increased by twice than the existing routing. Such routing can also be suitable for both a distributed drive robot and a centralized drive robot. Accordingly, such routing can better fit higher robot performance requirements, such as a greater motion range and a longer lifetime.In some embodiments, a method for routing at least one cable in a robot unit between two adjacent actuators as described above is provided. The method comprises arranging the cable 100 as extending through a first actuator 10 and arranging the cable 100 as extending through a second actuator 20. The method further involves fixing the at least one cable at an input end 110 of the first actuator 10 by a first cable fixing element 13, without being fixed at an output end of the first actuator 10. The method also comprises fixing the at least one cable 100 at an input end 210 of the second actuator 20 by a second cable fixing element 23, without being fixed at an output end of the second actuator 20.In some embodiments, the method also comprises arranging the at least one cable 100 as extending through a linking mechanism 30, without fixing the at least one cable 100 in the linking mechanism 30. The method further comprises: coupling an output end 120 of the first actuator 10 to one end of the linking mechanism 30; and coupling an output end 220 of the second actuator 20 to the other end of the linking mechanism 30.The method allows for simpler assembly with less fixing elements. For two adjacent actuators in the robot, only two cable fixing elements are needed, while allowing for the achievement of better performance for the cable. In this way, the number of the pieces required for routing the cable would be less, with a much simpler assembly process and a longer lifetime for the cable.While several inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and / or structures for performing the function and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is / are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A robot unit (1) , comprising:at least a first actuator (10) comprising an input end (110) and an output end (120) ;at least a second actuator (20) movable relative to the first actuator (10) and comprising an input end (210) and an output end (220) thereof;at least one cable (100) extending through the first and the second actuators (10, 20) and being fixed at the input ends (110, 210) of the first and the second actuators respectively by a first cable fixing element (13) and a second cable fixing element (23) , without being fixed at the output ends of the first and second actuators;wherein the output end (120) of the first actuator (10) is coupled to the output end (220) of the second actuator (20) .2.The robot unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second actuators (10, 20) each has an electrical connector (14, 24) arranged at a position adjacent to the input ends (110, 210) thereof, and the electrical connector (14, 24) is configured to electrically connect the at least one cable (100) and to transmit the power to the corresponding actuator via the at least one cable (100) .3.The robot unit (1) according to claim 1, further comprising a linking mechanism (30) configured for coupling the output ends (120, 220) of the first and the second actuators (10, 20) , and the at least one cable (100) sequentially extends through the first actuator (10) , the linking mechanism (30) and the second actuator (20) .4.The robot unit (1) according to claim 3, wherein the at least one cable (100) is not fixed in the linking mechanism (30) .5.The robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one cable (100) is a motion cable and its motion cable length in the first and the second actuators (10, 20) is larger than a sum of the length of the first and the second actuators (10, 20) .6.The robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first actuator (10) includes a first hollow shaft therein, and the at least one cable (100) extends through the first hollow shaft; and / orthe second actuator (20) includes a second hollow shaft therein, and the at least one cable (100) extends through the second hollow shaft.7.The robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:a first actuator housing (101) for accommodating at least a portion of the first actuator (10) ; and / ora second actuator housing (201) for accommodating at least a portion of the second actuator (20) .8.The robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a protective sleeve is provided outside of the at least one cable (100) .9.A robot comprising a robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-8.10.A method for routing at least one cable in a robot unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising:extending at least one cable (100) through a first actuator (10) ;extending the at least one cable (100) through a second actuator (20) ;fixing the at least one cable at an input end (110) of the first actuator (10) by a first cable fixing element (13) , without being fixed at an output end of the first actuator (10) ; andfixing the at least one cable at an input end (210) of the second actuator (20) by a second cable fixing element (23) , without being fixed at an output end of the second actuator (20) .11.The method according to claim 10, further comprising:extending the at least one cable (100) through a linking mechanism (30) , without fixing the at least one cable (100) in the linking mechanism (30) ;coupling an output end (120) of the first actuator (10) to one end of the linking mechanism (30) ;coupling an output end (220) of the second actuator (20) to the other end of the linking mechanism (30) .