Universal structural element of a frame system for building demountable structures

Abstract

The utility model relates to structural elements for use, for example, in construction to create temporary demountable structures with a load-bearing frame, such as canopies, pavilions, shelters and the like, and relates more particularly to roof structures. The technical result of the claimed utility model is that of making it possible to assemble truss structures of the desired dimensions and configuration directly at the site where a demountable truss structure is to be built. This technical result is provided by the claimed universal structural element of a frame system for building demountable structures, said element being in the form of ribs connected in the shape of a right-angled triangle, wherein the ribs have a square cross-section and four perpendicular sides in which through-holes are formed such that the holes in opposing sides are aligned with one another.

Description

[0001] A universal structural element of a frame system for the construction of collapsible structures

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] The field of technology to which the utility model belongs

[0004] The utility model relates to structural elements used, for example, in construction, for the creation of temporary prefabricated structures with a supporting frame, such as awnings, pavilions, shelters, etc., in particular, to roof structures (IPC E04B1 / 343, E04B2 / 78, E04C3 / 02).

[0005] Modern construction faces the challenge of creating quickly erectable temporary structures with a load-bearing frame that can be used as canopies, shelters, pavilions, or temporary warehouses. These structures can be quickly dismantled when no longer needed and reassembled in a new location or configuration. For these purposes, prefabricated metal or wood structures are often used. Incorrect assessment of their load-bearing and strength properties can lead to their failure with unpredictable consequences, or lead to unnecessary waste of materials and increased construction costs.

[0006] The roof's supporting frame presents particular challenges in constructing such structures. For pitched roofs, it's preferable to use prefabricated structures whose strength and load-bearing characteristics have been calculated and certified.

[0007] As an analogue of the claimed utility model, the applicant considers triangular gable frames of industrial manufacture, disclosed in the patent "ROOF CONSTRUCTION" (CA476296A, published on 21.08.1951) and consisting of two halves in the form of a right triangle with stiffening diagonals inside, which are connected at the construction site by a ridge beam or under it.

[0008] The disadvantage of the analogue is its rigid binding to a specific size - the impossibility of using the frame elements for a structure of a different type or size once the need for a given structure is exhausted, as a result of which it is impossible to change the configuration of the collapsible truss structure at the place of its construction.

[0009] As a prototype, the applicant considers a construction element [US 4858398 A1 dated 22.08.1989], made in the form of ribs connected in the shape of a right-angled triangle, wherein the ribs have a U-shaped cross-section formed by faces in which through holes are made.

[0010] A common drawback of the analogue and the prototype is the low strength of the building element due to the open cross-section of the building element structure - the parallel faces that form the ribs are attached only on one side and are subject to the bending moment.

[0011] Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

[0012] The objective of this utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of known solutions, in particular, by creating a universal structural element of the supporting frame of a pitched roof that has greater strength.

[0013] The stated problem is solved by the claimed universal structural element for the construction of collapsible structures, made in the form of ribs connected in the shape of a right-angled triangle, wherein the ribs have a square cross-section formed by four faces in which through holes are made so that the holes in opposite faces are located on the same line.

[0014] In particular, the length of the rib does not exceed 1.5 m.

[0015] In particular, the said ribs are made of metal, such as steel or aluminum.

[0016] In particular, the ribs in question are made of reinforced plastic, such as fiberglass.

[0017] The claimed utility model ensures the achievement of the following technical result: increasing the strength of collapsible structures assembled from the claimed universal structural elements.

[0018] Brief description of the drawings

[0019] Fig. 1. General view of the universal structural element

[0020] Fig. 2. Fragment of the supporting frame structure of the roof, assembled from universal structural elements. Fig. 3. Assembly diagram of a gable truss from isosceles universal structural elements.

[0021] Fig. 4. Assembly diagram of a gable truss made of non-isosceles universal structural elements.

[0022] Fig. 5. Assembly diagram of a single-pitched truss.

[0023] Fig. 6. Assembly diagram of a gable truss with parallel lower and upper chords.

[0024] The figures indicate: 1 - ribs; 2 - faces; 3 - holes; 4 - bolts.

[0025] Implementation of a utility model

[0026] The structural element (Fig. 1) contains three ribs 1, located in the form of a right triangle, in one of the embodiments - isosceles.

[0027] For the purposes of this description, the sides of a structural element are referred to as "legs" and "hypotenuse," where the legs are the sides that form the right angle and the hypotenuse is the side that is opposite the right angle.

[0028] The ribs 1 of the structural element are made from a tubular profile of square cross-section, for example, metal, steel or aluminum, or plastic, or wooden beam of square cross-section, containing faces 2, the ends of which are cut at the appropriate angle(s) and connected at the vertices of the triangle by welding, riveting or bolting, or by glue, or by a tongue-and-groove connection.

[0029] To ensure ease of transportation and storage, the length of the larger (or both) legs preferably does not exceed 1.5 m.

[0030] On the faces 2 of each of the edges 1 of the structural element, at an equal distance from the center of the face, through holes 3 are made along both axes of the face with the possibility of placing bolts 4 in them, and on each face 2 of the leg of the right triangle there are at least two such holes, and on the hypotenuse - three.

[0031] The execution of a structural element in the form of a right triangle makes it possible, by combining elements, respectively, by legs or hypotenuses, to unlimitedly expand the structure on a plane in all four directions (Fig.

[0032] 3, 4, 5) and is an integral feature of the universal structural element of a frame system for constructing dismountable structures. The triangular shape allows for joining elements together to form both rectangular and angular structures for the creation of various volumetric frame structures, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

[0033] The execution of a structural element from a square section profile makes it possible to join elements in a direction perpendicular to the plane, combining them at a right angle to the plane of the other, and, thus, to build up the structure in three dimensions (Fig. 1, 2).

[0034] Furthermore, using a square cross-section increases the strength of the structural element itself compared to a U-shaped cross-section, and consequently, the strength of the structures assembled from these elements. This technical effect is due to at least two factors. First, the square cross-section has a closed contour, which distributes the load evenly across all walls of the cross-section, significantly reducing the likelihood of localized deformations and increasing the overall resistance of the element to bending and torsion. The closed structure eliminates weak spots typical of open cross-sections, such as U-shaped ones, where the edges experience high stress and are susceptible to deformation. Second, the square cross-section ensures uniform rigidity and strength in all directions within the cross-sectional plane, which is especially important when supporting multi-plane loads.The equal dimensions of the square sides allow for the uniform distribution of internal stresses arising from compression, tension or torsion, which makes the element stronger.

[0035] The design of the structural element with through mounting holes located on all faces along both axes of each face 2 at an equal distance from the center of the face makes it possible to reliably secure the mutual fastening of the elements, ensuring uniform distribution of the load across the frame of the structure (Fig. 1, 2).

[0036] The specified hole configuration, combined with the square cross-section, allows for edge-to-edge joining at right angles, creating a stronger and more stable connection and increasing the strength of the assembled collapsible structure for the following reasons.

[0037] Firstly, the U-shaped cross-section, due to its open shape, cannot provide edge-to-edge joining, resulting in less rigid connections and significant strength losses at the joining points. The open contour of the U-shaped element leads to load concentration in certain areas of the profile, particularly at its edges and bases, limiting its ability to evenly distribute stress.

[0038] Secondly, the square cross-section with uniformly spaced through-holes allows the elements to be connected in three dimensions with greater precision and minimal gaps, contributing to the creation of a coherent structure with uniform load transfer. Thanks to the closed contour of the square profile, the connection remains stable even under significant bending and torsional loads. Holes located in a straight line on opposite faces ensure more secure fixation of the connected elements, preventing displacement and increasing the overall rigidity of the structure.

[0039] Thus, the use of a square section profile with a system of through holes that ensure edge-to-edge joining allows for increased strength and reliability of collapsible structures compared to U-shaped section elements, which cannot provide similar geometric precision and structural stability of connections.

[0040] The design of the structural element in the form of a right triangle makes it possible to form, in general, triangular truss structures with one or two slopes, reinforced by diagonal connecting elements (Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6).

[0041] The declared structural element is used as follows:

[0042] The structural elements are placed so that the edges of one element are adjacent to the edges of another element, and are connected to each other using bolts 4 through aligned holes 3 in the adjacent faces 2.

[0043] To assemble a linear (or planar) structure, first assemble a square from two structural elements, aligning their hypotenuses so that the holes 3 in the corresponding faces 2 coincide, and secure the connection with bolts 4. Next, join the two resulting squares with corresponding sides and secure with bolts. Thus, by extending the structure lengthwise or planewise, a linear or planar frame lattice is obtained. To assemble a gable roof supporting structure (truss, Figs. 3, 4), two structural elements are connected by their legs, positioned vertically, with the apex of the resulting triangle facing up, and subsequent squares are mounted to the lower legs of the triangles, completing horizontal rows of the required width with the installation of a single element. The required number of such trusses are connected to each other by planar or linear structures, forming the roof frame (Fig. 2).

[0044] To assemble a single-pitched roof structure (slope, Fig. 5), a rectangle of two similar elements is mounted underneath the structural element positioned with its leg facing down, followed by a single element with its hypotenuse facing the slope. The required number of such frames are connected to each other using linear or planar structures, forming the slope frame (Fig. 2).

[0045] To assemble rafter trusses with parallel lower and upper chords (Fig. 6), a square (or, in this version, a rectangle) is assembled from two structural elements, connecting them at their corresponding legs so that their hypotenuses form parallel lines. Next, the resulting squares (rectangles) are joined side by side so that the lines formed by the hypotenuses are continuous with each other in the direction of the slope. The two resulting structures are connected at their vertices to form a gable truss. The required number of such trusses are connected to each other using linear or planar structures, forming the slope frame (Fig. 2).

[0046] When the need for a temporary structure has been exhausted, it is disassembled into its component parts by unscrewing the bolts and separating the structural elements, after which the structural elements of the roof frame can be used to construct another temporary structure or transported to another site.

[0047] Thus, it has been shown that the use of the claimed universal structural element ensures the assembly of truss structures of the required dimensions and configuration directly at the construction site with increased strength.

Claims

FORMULA 1. A universal structural element of a frame system for the construction of collapsible structures, made in the form of ribs connected in the shape of a right triangle, wherein the ribs have a square cross-section formed by four faces in which through holes are made so that the holes in opposite faces are located on the same line.

2. A universal structural element according to claim 1, in which the length of the rib does not exceed 1.5 m.

3. A universal structural element according to claim 1, wherein said ribs are made of metal, for example, steel or aluminum.

4. A universal structural element according to claim 1, in which said ribs are made of reinforced plastic, for example, fiberglass.

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