Electromagnetic clutch, transmission device, and vehicle

Abstract

An electromagnetic clutch (10), a transmission device (100), and a vehicle. The electromagnetic clutch (10) comprises a transmission shaft (1), a gear shifting member (2), an excitation mechanism (3), and a reset mechanism (4). The transmission shaft comprises a shaft body (11) and a plurality of first splines (12) arranged on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft body. The gear shifting member comprises a sliding sleeve (21) and a plurality of second splines (22) arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the sliding sleeve. The transmission shaft passes through the sliding sleeve, and the plurality of second splines are axially slidably engaged with the plurality of first splines. The excitation mechanism is used for driving the gear shifting member to move in an axial direction of the transmission shaft. The reset mechanism comprises two reset assemblies, one reset assembly being configured to drive the second splines to move toward the other reset assembly. The electromagnetic clutch can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the gear shifting member, thereby enabling the overall structure to be simple and compact. In addition, the invention further relates to a transmission device and a vehicle.

Description

Electromagnetic clutches, transmission devices and vehicles

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese patent applications No. 202510007830.5 and 202520007063.3, filed on January 2, 2025, entitled “Electromagnetic Clutch, Transmission Device and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to an electromagnetic clutch, transmission device, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0004] In automotive powertrains, gear shifting devices are typically included. Electromagnetic clutches, due to their high-speed response and durability, are widely used in these devices. Specifically, an electromagnetic clutch uses electromagnetic induction to drive a sliding sleeve to engage with different transmission components, thus shifting between gears. When the electromagnetic force disappears, a return spring typically resets the sleeve. However, the placement of the return spring in some technologies is flawed, resulting in a complex overall structure and a large footprint for the electromagnetic clutch. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first aspect of this application proposes an electromagnetic clutch, which has the advantages of a simple and compact overall structure.

[0006] An electromagnetic clutch according to a first aspect embodiment of this application includes: a drive shaft, including a shaft body and a plurality of first splines disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body; a gear shifting member, including a sliding sleeve and a plurality of second splines disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve, wherein the drive shaft passes through the sliding sleeve and the plurality of second splines and the plurality of first splines slide in axial engagement; an excitation mechanism for driving the gear shifting member to move axially along the drive shaft to switch between different gears; and a reset mechanism including two sets of reset components disposed on opposite sides of the second splines on the drive shaft axially, wherein the reset components are used to drive the second splines to move toward the other set of reset components.

[0007] According to the electromagnetic clutch of the first aspect of this application, by arranging two sets of reset components on opposite sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing reset components on the second spline, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component. At the same time, the reset components can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch simple and compact.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the reset assembly includes a pressure plate and a reset spring. The pressure plate is disposed on the shaft and spaced apart from the second spline. The reset spring is disposed along the axial direction of the transmission shaft between the pressure plate and the second spline, and its two ends abut against the pressure plate and the second spline, respectively.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, in the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the length of the second spline is not greater than the length of the first spline, and the end of the return spring away from the pressure plate abuts against the first spline; and / or, the return spring is a flat helical spring.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the return spring is sleeved on the shaft and located on the inner circumferential side of the sliding sleeve.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the distance between the inner peripheral edge of the return spring and the sliding sleeve is not greater than the height of the second spline protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, an annular protrusion is formed on the side of the pressure plate facing the first spline, and the end of the return spring away from the first spline is sleeved on the annular protrusion; and / or, a limiting step is formed on the shaft, and at least a portion of the pressure plate abuts against the limiting step along the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation mechanism includes two excitation elements arranged axially at intervals along the transmission shaft, and the gear shifting element includes an electromagnetic induction unit located between the two excitation elements. The excitation elements are used to drive the electromagnetic induction unit to move axially along the transmission shaft.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation element is annular and sleeved on the sliding sleeve, and the electromagnetic induction part is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction part is located in the middle of the sliding sleeve in the axial direction of the transmission shaft; and / or, the two excitation elements are symmetrically distributed on opposite sides of the electromagnetic induction part.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation element includes a housing, an excitation coil, and a retainer. In the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the housing has a receiving groove that opens toward the electromagnetic induction part. The excitation coil is disposed in the receiving groove. The retainer is detachably disposed at the opening of the receiving groove and located on the side of the excitation coil toward the electromagnetic induction part.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, a first slot and a second slot are formed on opposite sides of the receiving groove in the radial direction of the transmission shaft. The retaining member includes a first retaining ring and a second retaining ring arranged at intervals. A portion of the first retaining ring is inserted into the first slot and another portion abuts against the excitation coil along the axial direction of the transmission shaft. A portion of the second retaining ring is inserted into the second slot and another portion abuts against the excitation coil along the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction unit includes a main body and two induction protrusions disposed on the two sides of the main body on the axial direction of the transmission shaft. The projection of the induction protrusions on the reference surface is located within the projection of the receiving groove on the reference surface, and the reference surface is perpendicular to the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction unit and the excitation unit are arranged at a distance.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft, the ratio between the size of the second spline and the inner circumference of the sleeve ranges from 1 / 6 to 1 / 16; and / or, the size of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft ranges from 14 to 18 mm, and the height of the second spline protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve in the radial direction of the drive shaft ranges from 6 to 8 mm.

[0021] The second aspect of this application proposes a transmission device.

[0022] A transmission device according to a second aspect embodiment of this application includes: the aforementioned electromagnetic clutch; a first transmission member and a second transmission member, wherein the excitation mechanism is used to drive the gear shifting member to engage with the first transmission member or the second transmission member, and the transmission ratio between the gear shifting member and the first transmission member and the transmission ratio between the gear shifting member and the second transmission member are different.

[0023] According to the transmission device of the second aspect of this application, different torque outputs can be achieved. By setting two sets of reset components on opposite sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the transmission shaft, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing reset components on the second spline, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component. At the same time, the reset components can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the transmission shaft, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch simple and compact.

[0024] According to some embodiments of this application, in the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the first transmission member and the second transmission member are rotatably disposed on the shaft body and located on opposite sides of the gear shifting member. The two end faces of the gear shifting member are respectively formed with a first mating tooth and a second mating tooth. The end face of the first transmission member facing the gear shifting member is formed with a third mating tooth that meshes with the first mating tooth. The end face of the second transmission member facing the gear shifting member is formed with a fourth mating tooth that meshes with the second mating tooth.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, the first mating tooth, the second mating tooth, the third mating tooth, and the fourth mating tooth are all straight tooth profiles; or, the first mating tooth, the second mating tooth, the third mating tooth, and the fourth mating tooth extend obliquely toward each other on opposite sides of the transmission shaft in the circumferential direction from the free end to the fixed end.

[0026] The third aspect of this application proposes a vehicle.

[0027] The vehicle according to a third aspect of this application includes the aforementioned transmission device.

[0028] According to the vehicle of the third aspect of this application, by setting two sets of reset components on opposite sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing reset components on the second spline, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component. At the same time, the reset components can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch simple and compact.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of region A in Figure 1;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a gear shifting component of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first mating gear shaft side of the gear shifting component of the electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the gear shifting component of the electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application in the radial direction of the drive shaft;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the return spring of the electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the pressure plate of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the pressure plate and drive shaft of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the pressure plate of an electromagnetic clutch according to another embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the pressure plate and drive shaft of an electromagnetic clutch according to another embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the housing of the excitation element of an electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first retaining ring of the electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the second retaining ring of the electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of a transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the transmission device in the first gear position according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the transmission device in the second gear according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the first gear of the transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the first driven disc of the transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first driven disc of the transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the second gear of the transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the second driven disc of the transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 23 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second driven disc of the transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure label:

[0054] 100. Transmission device; 10. Electromagnetic clutch; 1. Drive shaft; 11. Shaft body; 111. Limiting step; 12. First spline; 2. Gear shifting component; 21. Sliding sleeve; 211. First mating tooth; 212. Second mating tooth; 22. Second spline; 23. Electromagnetic induction unit; 231. Main body; 232. Induction protrusion; 3. Excitation component; 31. Housing; 311. Receiving groove; 312. First slot; 313. Second slot; 32, excitation coil; 33, first retaining ring; 34, second retaining ring; 4, reset assembly; 41, pressure plate; 411, limiting protrusion; 412, annular protrusion; 42, reset spring; 20, first transmission component; 20a, third mating gear; 210, first gear; 220, first driven plate; 30, second transmission component; 30a, fourth mating gear; 310, second gear; 320, second driven plate. Embodiments of the present invention

[0055] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0056] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0057] The electromagnetic clutch 10 according to a first aspect of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] As shown in Figures 1 to 14, the electromagnetic clutch 10 according to the first aspect embodiment of this application includes: a drive shaft 1, a gear shifting component 2, an excitation mechanism, and a reset mechanism. The drive shaft 1 includes a shaft body 11 and a plurality of first splines 12 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body 11. The gear shifting component 2 includes a sliding sleeve 21 and a plurality of second splines 22 disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve 21. The drive shaft 1 passes through the sliding sleeve 21, and the plurality of second splines 22 and the plurality of first splines 12 slide in axial direction. That is, the gear shifting component 2 and the drive shaft 1 achieve synchronous rotation through the engagement of the first splines 12 and the second splines 22, while allowing the gear shifting component 2 to slide relative to the drive shaft 1 along the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, thereby realizing the connection between the gear shifting component 2 and different transmission components to achieve different torque outputs. Specifically, each first spline 12 is clearance-fitted between two adjacent second splines 22, and each second spline 22 is clearance-fitted between two adjacent first splines 12. This allows the first splines 12 to push the second splines 22 to drive the gear shifting component 2 to rotate synchronously when the drive shaft 1 rotates. At the same time, the clearance between the first splines 12 and the second splines 22 allows the first splines 12 and the second splines 22 to slide relative to each other axially. Furthermore, the mutual guiding effect of the first splines 12 and the second splines 22 can effectively avoid the risk of jamming during the sliding of the gear shifting component 2 relative to the drive shaft 1, thus ensuring smooth switching of the gear shifting component 2 between different gears.

[0059] The excitation mechanism drives the gear shifter 2 to move axially along the drive shaft 1 to switch between different gears. Here, "different gears" refers to various states where the electromagnetic clutch 10 outputs different torques. The excitation mechanism generates magnetic force when energized, which drives the gear shifter 2 to move axially along the drive shaft 1 to engage with different transmission components and achieve different torque outputs. Therefore, by driving the gear shifter 2 with the excitation mechanism, the automation level of gear shifter 2 switching between different gears can be improved.

[0060] Furthermore, the reset mechanism includes two sets of reset components 4 disposed on opposite sides of the second spline 22 on the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1. The reset components 4 are used to drive the second spline 22 to move toward the other set of reset components 4. That is, under the combined action of the two sets of reset components 4 on both sides, the second spline 22 tends to reset toward the center position between the two sets of reset components 4, thereby keeping the gear shifting member 2 in the neutral position spaced apart from the transmission members on both sides.

[0061] Therefore, by setting the two sets of reset components 4 on opposite sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing the reset components 4 on the second spline 22, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component 2 and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component 2. At the same time, the reset components 4 can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch 10 simple and compact.

[0062] Specifically, as shown in Figure 16, after the excitation mechanism drives the gear shifter 2 to move to the left and engages the gear shifter 2 with the transmission component on the left, i.e., the first transmission component 20, when it is necessary to switch the gear shifter 2 to the neutral position, the excitation mechanism is de-energized, and the driving force exerted by the excitation mechanism on the gear shifter 2 to the left disappears. Then, the reset component 4 on the left can push the second spline 22 to the right, thereby releasing the engagement between the gear shifter 2 and the first transmission component 20. At the same time, the reset component on the right side of the second spline 22 can cooperate with the reset component 4 located on the left side of the second spline 22 to keep the gear shifter 2 in the center position between the two sets of reset components 4, that is, the gear shifter 2 is in the neutral position.

[0063] According to the electromagnetic clutch 10 of the first aspect of this application, by setting two sets of reset components 4 on opposite sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing the reset components 4 on the second spline 22, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component 2 and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component 2. At the same time, the reset components 4 can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch 10 simple and compact.

[0064] In a specific example, in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1, a plurality of first splines 12 are evenly spaced on the outer circumferential surface of the shaft body 11, and a plurality of second splines 22 are evenly spaced on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve 21. Both the first splines 12 and the second splines 22 are trapezoidal teeth. That is, in the direction toward the shaft body 11, the width of the first spline 12 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1 gradually increases, and the width of the second spline 22 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1 gradually increases, thereby improving the load capacity of the first spline 12 and the second spline 22.

[0065] According to some embodiments of this application, the reset assembly 4 includes a pressure plate 41 and a reset spring 42. The pressure plate 41 is disposed on the shaft 11 and spaced apart from the second spline 22. The reset spring 42 is disposed axially between the pressure plate 41 and the second spline 22 along the transmission shaft 1, with its two ends abutting against the pressure plate 41 and the second spline 22 respectively. That is, under the reverse action of the pressure plate 41, the two reset springs 42 located on both sides of the second spline 22 tend to push the second spline 22 toward the center position between the two sets of reset assemblies 42 through contact with the second spline 22, thereby keeping the gear shifting member 2 in the neutral position spaced apart from the transmission members on both sides. Furthermore, there is no need to provide a structure to avoid or install the reset spring 42 on the second spline 22, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting member 2.

[0066] According to some embodiments of this application, in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, the length of the second spline 22 is not greater than the length of the first spline 12, and the end of the return spring 42 away from the pressure plate 41 abuts against the first spline 12. That is, the length of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1 is less than the length of the first spline 12 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1. When the gear shifting member 2 is in the neutral position, in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, the end of the return spring 42 away from the pressure plate 41 abuts against the first spline 12; or the length of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1 is the same as the length of the first spline 12 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1. When the gear shifting member 2 is in the neutral position, in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, the end of the return spring 42 away from the pressure plate 41 abuts against the side of both the first spline 12 and the second spline 22. Therefore, the first spline 12 can effectively limit the travel of the return spring 42. That is, the return spring 42 can only push the second spline 22 to move until its two sides are flush with the two sides of the first spline 12. This can prevent the difference in stiffness between the return springs 42 on both sides of the second spline 22 from affecting the gear shifter 2 in the neutral position, thereby improving the accuracy of the gear shifter 2 in the neutral position.

[0067] Specifically, after the excitation mechanism drives the gear shifter 2 to move to the left, engaging the gear shifter 2 with the left-side transmission component, i.e., the first transmission component 20, the left end of the second spline 22 extends out of the left side of the first spline 12. When it is necessary to switch the gear shifter 2 to the neutral position, the excitation mechanism is de-energized, causing the driving force exerted by the excitation mechanism on the gear shifter 2 to the left to disappear. Then, the reset spring 42 on the left can push the second spline 22 to the right, thereby disengaging the gear shifter 2 from the first transmission component 20. Furthermore, the reset spring 42 on the left can push the second spline 22 to a state where the left side of the second spline 22 is flush with the left side of the first spline 12. Similarly, the reset spring 42 on the right can push the second spline 22 to a state where the right side of the second spline 22 is flush with the right side of the first spline 12.

[0068] According to some embodiments of this application, the return spring 42 is a flat helical spring. It is understood that the flat helical spring is made of flat steel wire wound together, so that both axial end faces of the flat helical spring are flat. This increases the contact area between the return spring 42 and the pressure plate 41 and the second spline 22, thereby improving the stability of the return spring 42 in supporting the second spline 22.

[0069] According to some embodiments of this application, the return spring 42 is sleeved on the shaft 11 and located on the inner circumference of the sliding sleeve 21. That is, the return spring 42 surrounds the outer circumference of the shaft 11, so that the return spring 42 can simultaneously provide driving force to multiple second splines 22 arranged circumferentially along the drive shaft 1. This can effectively reduce the number of return springs 42, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the reset mechanism and improving the assembly efficiency of the electromagnetic clutch 10. In a specific example, each set of reset components 4 includes only one return spring 42. In the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, the size of the second spline 22 is smaller than the size of the sliding sleeve 21, and the distance between the two pressure plates 41 is larger than the size of the sliding sleeve 21. Therefore, after the gear shifting component 2 is installed on the drive shaft 1, operating space can be provided on both sides of the sliding sleeve 21 for the installation of the pressure plates 41, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the pressure plates 41.

[0070] According to some embodiments of this application, the distance between the inner peripheral edge of the return spring 42 and the sliding sleeve 21 is not greater than the height of the second spline 22 protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve 21. That is, in the radial direction of the drive shaft 1, the inner peripheral edge of the return spring 42 is flush with the edge of the second spline 22 facing away from the sliding sleeve 21, or the inner peripheral edge of the return spring 42 does not exceed the edge of the second spline 22 facing away from the sliding sleeve 21. Therefore, when the second spline 22 contacts the return spring 42, it ensures that the second spline 22 can completely cover the return spring 42 in the radial direction of the drive shaft 1, thereby ensuring that the return spring 42 can be evenly stressed in the radial direction of the drive shaft 1. This avoids uneven stress on the return spring 42, which could cause it to tilt, and improves the structural stability of the return spring 42.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, an annular protrusion 412 is formed on the side of the pressure plate 41 facing the first spline 12, and the end of the return spring 42 away from the first spline 12 is sleeved on the annular protrusion 412. Thus, the annular protrusion 412 can effectively limit the return spring 42 to ensure the stability of the connection between the return spring 42 and the pressure plate 41, and at the same time, it can prevent the return spring 42 from radially offset to ensure stable support for the second spline 22.

[0072] According to some embodiments of this application, a limiting step 111 is formed on the shaft 11, and at least a portion of the pressure plate 41 abuts against the limiting step 111 along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1. That is, at least a portion of the pressure plate 41 and the limiting step 111 are arranged opposite to and abut against each other along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, thereby effectively restricting the movement of the pressure plate 41 on the shaft 11 by means of the limiting step 111, achieving the positioning of the pressure plate 41 on the shaft 11 and improving the connection strength between the pressure plate 41 and the shaft 11. The pressure plate 41 can be press-fitted to the shaft 11 with an interference fit, simplifying the assembly process.

[0073] In a specific example, the pressure plate 41 is annular and sleeved on the shaft 11. A limiting protrusion 411 is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring of the pressure plate 41. The limiting protrusion 411 and the limiting step 111 abut against each other along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1 to achieve positioning of the pressure plate 41 when it is installed on the shaft 11.

[0074] In another specific example, the pressure plate 41 is annular and sleeved on the shaft 11. The inner circumferential surface of the inner ring of the pressure plate 41 is a smooth hole. The inner ring of the pressure plate 41 abuts against the limiting step 111 along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1 to achieve positioning of the pressure plate 41 when it is installed on the shaft 11.

[0075] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation mechanism includes two excitation elements 3 arranged axially at intervals along the transmission shaft 1. The gear shifting element 2 includes an electromagnetic induction part 23 located between the two excitation elements 3. The excitation elements 3 are used to drive the electromagnetic induction part 23 to move axially along the transmission shaft 1. The excitation elements 3 can be energized to generate magnetic force, thereby attracting the electromagnetic induction part 23 closer. The two excitation elements 3 located on opposite sides of the electromagnetic induction part 23 can drive the gear shifting element 2 to move in opposite directions via the electromagnetic induction part 23, thereby controlling the gear shifting element 2 to switch between different gears. In other words, the two excitation elements 3 can share the same electromagnetic induction part 23 to drive the gear shifting element 2 to move in opposite directions along the transmission shaft 1. That is, only one electromagnetic induction part 23 needs to be provided on the gear shifting element 2, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting element 2 and reducing its cost, making the electromagnetic clutch 10 simple in structure and low in production cost.

[0076] In a specific example, the electromagnetic induction part 23 is made of steel or iron to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the excitation element 3 can attract the electromagnetic induction part 23. It should be noted that this is only an example of some optional materials for the electromagnetic induction part 23 to facilitate understanding of the cooperation between the excitation element 3 and the electromagnetic induction part 23. As long as the electromagnetic induction part 23 can be attracted by the magnetic field, there are no specific restrictions on the material of the electromagnetic induction part 23.

[0077] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation element 3 is annular and sleeved on the sliding sleeve 21, and the electromagnetic induction part 23 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve 21. That is, the excitation element 3 surrounds the outer peripheral side of the sliding sleeve 21, thereby ensuring that the excitation element 3 can uniformly apply magnetic force to the electromagnetic induction part 23 in the circumferential direction, so as to improve the stability of the excitation element 3 driving the gear shifting member 2 to move. In addition, the excitation element 3 and the electromagnetic induction part 23 can make full use of the space on the outer peripheral side, thereby reducing the axial dimension of the electromagnetic clutch 10. In a specific example, the electromagnetic induction part 23 is annular around the outer peripheral side of the sliding sleeve 21, thereby increasing the mating area between the excitation element 3 and the electromagnetic induction part 23, thereby increasing the driving force of the excitation element 3 on the gear shifting member 2.

[0078] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction unit 23 is located at the middle of the sliding sleeve 21 in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1. That is, in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, the distance between the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and both ends of the sliding sleeve 21 is the same, which facilitates the control of the sliding distance of the gear shifting member 2 when switching between different gears, thereby improving the movement accuracy of the gear shifting member 2.

[0079] According to some embodiments of this application, two excitation elements 3 are symmetrically distributed on opposite sides of the electromagnetic induction unit 23. Here, symmetrical distribution means that when the gear shifting member 2 is in the neutral position, that is, when the gear shifting member 2 is in the neutral position, the distance between the two excitation elements 3 and the electromagnetic induction unit 23 is the same, which can reduce the difficulty of controlling the current of the two excitation elements 3.

[0080] According to some embodiments of this application, the excitation component 3 includes a housing 31, an excitation coil 32, and a retaining member. In the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, the housing 31 has a receiving groove 311 open towards the electromagnetic induction unit 23. The excitation coil 32 is disposed within the receiving groove 311. The retaining member is detachably disposed at the opening of the receiving groove 311 and located on the side of the excitation coil 32 facing the electromagnetic induction unit 23. That is, during the assembly of the excitation component 3, after the excitation coil 32 is placed into the housing 31 through the opening of the receiving groove 311, the retaining member can be installed in the housing 31 to retain the excitation coil 32 within the receiving groove 311, preventing it from detaching. This significantly reduces the assembly difficulty of the excitation component 3, and the detachable retaining member facilitates later maintenance and repair, resulting in low operating costs. The excitation coil 32 is made of several turns of copper wire with insulating varnish, and the outer ring has a low-voltage power interface for supplying DC power to the excitation coil 32.

[0081] According to some embodiments of this application, a first retaining groove 312 and a second retaining groove 313 are formed on opposite sides of the receiving groove 311 in the radial direction of the drive shaft 1. The retaining member includes a first retaining ring 33 and a second retaining ring 34 arranged at intervals. A portion of the first retaining ring 33 is inserted into the first retaining groove 312 and the other portion abuts against the excitation coil 32 along the axial direction of the drive shaft 1. A portion of the second retaining ring 34 is inserted into the second retaining groove 313 and the other portion abuts against the excitation coil 32 along the axial direction of the drive shaft 1. That is, after the excitation coil 32 is installed into the housing 31, the first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34 can be secured to the housing 31 by the first retaining groove 312 and the second retaining groove 313, respectively. By setting the first retaining groove 312 and the second retaining groove 313, the positioning process of installing the first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34 onto the housing 31 is eliminated, and the difficulty of fixing the first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34 onto the housing 31 is simplified. Therefore, the structure and assembly process of the retainer can be simplified, thereby reducing the cost of the retainer and making it easier to reduce the assembly difficulty of the excitation component 3.

[0082] In a specific example, the first slot 312 is located outside the second slot 313. Both the first slot 312 and the second slot 313 are formed as annular rings extending circumferentially along the drive shaft 1. The diameter of the first retaining ring 33 is larger than the diameter of the second retaining ring 34. The first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34 are formed as circular open retaining rings, so that the first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34 can be deformed at the notch position to be inserted into or removed from the first slot 312 and the second slot 313, thereby reducing the difficulty of installing and removing the first retaining ring 33 and the second retaining ring 34.

[0083] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction unit 23 includes a main body 231 and two induction protrusions 232 disposed on the two axially upward sides of the main body 231 on both sides of the drive shaft 1. The projection of the induction protrusions 232 on the reference surface is located within the projection of the receiving groove 311 on the reference surface, and the reference surface is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drive shaft 1. Thus, by providing the induction protrusions 232, the magnetic lines of force at the electromagnetic induction unit 23 can be effectively altered to increase the effective magnetic flux flowing to the housing 31. This avoids leakage magnetic field affecting the electromagnetic force of the excitation element 3 on the electromagnetic induction unit 23, thereby improving the driving force of the excitation element 3 on the electromagnetic induction unit 23.

[0084] According to some embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and the excitation element 3 are arranged at a distance. That is, the electromagnetic induction unit 23 does not come into contact with the excitation element 3 during the process of the excitation element 3 being energized and attracting the electromagnetic induction unit 23, and during the process of the excitation element 3 being de-energized. As a result, it is possible to avoid the electromagnetic induction unit 23 from contacting the excitation element 3 and interfering with the rotation of the gear shifting member 2, and at the same time, it is possible to avoid frictional damage.

[0085] In a specific example, when the gear shifting component 2 engages with the transmission component, the distance between the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and the excitation component 3 is controlled within the range of 0.4mm to 0.8mm. On the one hand, this avoids the situation where the distance between the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and the excitation component 3 is too small, causing the gear shifting component 2 to come into contact with the excitation component 3 during vibration. On the other hand, it avoids the situation where the distance between the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and the excitation component 3 is too large, occupying too much space and requiring the excitation component 3 to output a larger electromagnetic force. The distance between the electromagnetic induction unit 23 and the excitation component 3 can be 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0086] According to some embodiments of this application, the ratio between the size of the second spline 22 and the inner circumference of the sleeve 21 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1 ranges from 1 / 6 to 1 / 16. It is understood that the smaller the ratio, the smaller the size of the second spline 22 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1, the smaller the connection area between the second spline 22 and the sleeve 21, but the more second splines 22 can be provided, and the stress can be better distributed across multiple second splines 22. Conversely, the larger the ratio, the larger the size of the second spline 22 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 1, the larger the connection area between the second spline 22 and the sleeve 21, but the fewer second splines 22 can be provided, and the stress on each second spline 22 is more concentrated. Therefore, controlling the ratio between the size of the second spline 22 and the inner circumference of the sleeve 21 within the range of 1 / 6 to 1 / 16 can prevent the second spline 22 from being too large or too small, thus avoiding affecting its rigidity and extending the service life of the gear shifting component 2. The ratio between the size of the second spline 22 and the inner circumference of the sliding sleeve 21 can be 1 / 6, 1 / 7, 1 / 8, 1 / 9, 1 / 10, 1 / 11, 1 / 12, 1 / 13, 1 / 14, 1 / 15, 1 / 16, etc., and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0087] According to some embodiments of this application, the axial dimension of the second spline 22 on the drive shaft 1 ranges from 14 to 18 mm, and the radial height of the second spline 22 protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve 21 on the drive shaft 1 ranges from 6 to 8 mm. That is, the length of the second spline 22 (L as shown in Figure 2) is controlled within the range of 14 mm to 18 mm, and the height of the second spline 22 (H as shown in Figure 2) is controlled within the range of 6 mm to 8 mm. It can be understood that the smaller the length and height of the second spline 22, the smaller the stiffness of the second spline 22 and the smaller the mating area with the first spline 12, but the more space the second spline 22 occupies; conversely, the larger the length and height of the second spline 22, the larger the stiffness of the second spline 22 and the larger the mating area with the first spline 12, but the less space the second spline 22 occupies. Therefore, controlling the length of the second spline 22 within the range of 14mm to 18mm and the height within the range of 6mm to 8mm can prevent the second spline 22 from being too short, which would affect its rigidity and the mating area with the first spline 12. It can also prevent the second spline 22 from being too long or too tall, thus avoiding it occupying extra space. Specifically, the length of the second spline 22 can be 14mm, 14.5mm, 15mm, 15.5mm, 16mm, 16.5mm, 17mm, 17.5mm, 18mm, etc., and the height of the second spline 22 can be 6mm, 6.2mm, 6.5mm, 6.8mm, 7mm, 7.3mm, 7.5mm, 7.7mm, 8mm, etc., without specific limitations.

[0088] The transmission device 100 according to a second aspect embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] As shown in Figures 15-23, the transmission device 100 according to the second aspect embodiment of this application includes: an electromagnetic clutch 10, a first transmission member 20, and a second transmission member 30. An excitation mechanism is used to drive a gear shifting member 2 to engage with either the first transmission member 20 or the second transmission member 30. The transmission ratio between the gear shifting member 2 and the first transmission member 20 is different from the transmission ratio between the gear shifting member 2 and the second transmission member 30. That is, the excitation mechanism can drive the gear shifting member 2 to engage with the first transmission member 20 to output torque through the first transmission member 20, at which time the transmission device 100 is in the first gear. The excitation mechanism can also drive the gear shifting member 2 to engage with the second transmission member 30 to output torque through the second transmission member 30, at which time the transmission device 100 is in the second gear. Because the transmission ratio between the gear shifting member 2 and the first transmission member 20 is different from the transmission ratio between the gear shifting member 2 and the second transmission member 30, the transmission device 100 outputs different torques in the first gear and the second gear, thus enabling the transmission device 100 to achieve different torque outputs.

[0090] According to the transmission device 100 of the second aspect embodiment of this application, different torque outputs can be achieved. By setting two sets of reset components 4 on opposite sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing the reset components 4 on the second spline 22, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component 2 and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component 2. At the same time, the reset components 4 can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch 10 simple and compact.

[0091] According to some embodiments of this application, in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, a first transmission member 20 and a second transmission member 30 are rotatably disposed on the shaft body 11 and located on opposite sides of the gear shifting member 2. A first mating tooth 211 and a second mating tooth 212 are respectively formed on the two end faces of the gear shifting member 2. A third mating tooth 20a is formed on the end face of the first transmission member 20 facing the gear shifting member 2, meshing with the first mating tooth 211. A fourth mating tooth 30a is formed on the end face of the second transmission member 30 facing the gear shifting member 2, meshing with the second mating tooth 212. The first mating tooth 211, the second mating tooth 212, the third mating tooth 20a, and the fourth mating tooth 30a all extend axially along the transmission shaft 1. Therefore, after the first mating tooth 211 engages with the third mating tooth 20a and the second mating tooth 212 engages with the fourth mating tooth 30a, the contact area between the first mating tooth 211 and the third mating tooth 20a and the contact area between the second mating tooth 212 and the fourth mating tooth 30a can be increased, thereby improving the transmission stability between the gear shifting component 2 and the first transmission component 20 and the second transmission component 30.

[0092] According to some embodiments of this application, the first mating tooth 211, the second mating tooth 212, the third mating tooth 20a, and the fourth mating tooth 30a are all straight teeth. This reduces the frictional force when the first mating tooth 211 disengages from the third mating tooth 20a and when the second mating tooth 212 disengages from the fourth mating tooth 30a. When the driving force of the excitation mechanism on the gear shifting member 2 disappears, the gear shifting member 2 can disengage from the third mating tooth 20a or the fourth mating tooth 30a under the action of the return spring 42.

[0093] According to some embodiments of this application, the first mating tooth 211, the second mating tooth 212, the third mating tooth 20a, and the fourth mating tooth 30a extend obliquely toward each other on opposite sides of the transmission shaft 1 in the direction from the free end to the fixed end. Therefore, after the excitation mechanism drives the gear shifting member 2 to engage with the first transmission member 20 or the second transmission member 30, the first transmission member 20 or the second transmission member 30 rotates synchronously with the gear shifting member 2 under the drive of the gear shifting member 2. Taking the engagement of the first transmission member 20 with the gear shifting member 2 as an example, at this time, the first mating tooth 211 and the third mating tooth 20a abut against each other in the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft 1, and the first mating tooth 211 pushes the third mating tooth 20a to rotate, thereby driving the first transmission member 20 to rotate. Since the sides of the first mating tooth 211 and the third mating tooth 20a that abut against each other are both formed as inclined surfaces, This allows the first mating tooth 211 and the third mating tooth 20a to form an axial engagement structure on the transmission shaft 1, thereby preventing the first mating tooth 211 from disengaging from the third mating tooth 20a. Similarly, by engaging the second mating tooth 212 and the fourth mating tooth 20b along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, the second mating tooth 212 from disengaging from the fourth mating tooth 30a can be prevented. Thus, after the gear shifting component 2 engages with the first transmission component 20 or the second transmission component 30, the magnetic force of the excitation component 3 can be reduced or the excitation component 3 can be de-energized, thereby reducing the power consumption of the electromagnetic clutch 10 in the first gear or the second gear.

[0094] According to some embodiments of this application, the first transmission member 20 includes a first gear 210 and a first driven disc 220, which are independently formed and connected. The first gear 210 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 11, and a needle roller bearing is provided between the first gear 210 and the shaft 11. The first driven disc 220 rotates synchronously with the first gear 210 and is adapted to engage with the gear shifting member 2. The second transmission member 30 includes a second gear 310 and a second driven disc 320, which are independently formed and connected. The second gear 310 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 11, and a needle roller bearing is provided between the second gear 310 and the shaft 11. The second driven disc 320 rotates synchronously with the second gear 310 and is adapted to engage with the gear shifting member 2.

[0095] The first gear 210 and the first driven disc 220, and the second gear 310 and the second driven disc 320 can be connected by welding or by spline interference fit, as long as the first gear 210 and the first driven disc 220 can rotate synchronously, and the second gear 310 and the second driven disc 320 can rotate synchronously. There are no specific restrictions on the connection method between the first gear 210 and the first driven disc 220, and between the second gear 310 and the second driven disc 320.

[0096] In a specific example, the third mating tooth 20a is formed on the end face of the first driven disc 220 facing the gear shifter 2, and the fourth mating tooth 30a is formed on the end face of the second driven disc 320 facing the gear shifter 2.

[0097] The vehicle according to a third aspect of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0098] The vehicle according to a third aspect of this application includes: a transmission device 100.

[0099] According to the vehicle of the third aspect embodiment of this application, by setting two sets of reset components 4 on opposite sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, it is possible to avoid setting a structure for avoiding or installing the reset components 4 on the second spline 22, thereby simplifying the structure of the gear shifting component 2 and reducing the processing difficulty of the gear shifting component 2. At the same time, the reset components 4 can make full use of the space on both sides of the second spline 22 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 1, making the overall structure of the electromagnetic clutch 10 simple and compact.

[0100] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0101] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0102] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic clutch, wherein, include: A drive shaft includes a shaft body and a plurality of first splines disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body; A gear shifting component includes a sliding sleeve and a plurality of second splines disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the sliding sleeve. The drive shaft passes through the sliding sleeve and the plurality of second splines slide in axial engagement with the plurality of first splines. An excitation mechanism is used to drive the gear shifting component to move axially along the transmission shaft to switch between different gears; The reset mechanism includes two sets of reset components disposed on opposite axial sides of the second spline on the drive shaft. The reset components are used to drive the second spline to move toward the other set of reset components.

2. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, wherein, The reset assembly includes a pressure plate and a reset spring. The pressure plate is disposed on the shaft and spaced apart from the second spline. The reset spring is disposed along the axial direction of the transmission shaft between the pressure plate and the second spline, with its two ends abutting against the pressure plate and the second spline, respectively.

3. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 2, wherein, In the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the length of the second spline is not greater than the length of the first spline, and the end of the return spring away from the pressure plate abuts against the first spline; and / or, the return spring is a flat helical spring.

4. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 2, wherein, The return spring is sleeved on the shaft and located on the inner circumference of the sliding sleeve.

5. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 4, wherein, The distance between the inner peripheral edge of the reset spring and the sliding sleeve is not greater than the height of the second spline protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve.

6. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 2, wherein, The pressure plate has an annular protrusion on its side facing the first spline, and the end of the return spring away from the first spline is sleeved on the annular protrusion; and / or, a limiting step is formed on the shaft, and at least a portion of the pressure plate abuts against the limiting step along the axial direction of the drive shaft.

7. The electromagnetic clutch according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The excitation mechanism includes two excitation elements arranged at an axial distance along the transmission shaft. The gear shifting element includes an electromagnetic induction unit located between the two excitation elements. The excitation elements are used to drive the electromagnetic induction unit to move axially along the transmission shaft.

8. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 7, wherein, The excitation element is annular and sleeved on the sliding sleeve, and the electromagnetic induction part is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the sliding sleeve.

9. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 8, wherein, The electromagnetic induction unit is located at the center of the sliding sleeve in the axial direction of the transmission shaft; and / or, the two excitation elements are symmetrically distributed on opposite sides of the electromagnetic induction unit.

10. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 7, wherein, The excitation element includes a housing, an excitation coil, and a retaining member. In the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the housing has a receiving groove that opens toward the electromagnetic induction part. The excitation coil is disposed in the receiving groove. The retaining member is detachably disposed at the opening of the receiving groove and is located on the side of the excitation coil facing the electromagnetic induction part.

11. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 10, wherein, On the radial side of the drive shaft, a first retaining groove and a second retaining groove are formed on opposite sides of the receiving groove. The retaining member includes a first retaining ring and a second retaining ring arranged at intervals. A portion of the first retaining ring is inserted into the first retaining groove and another portion abuts against the excitation coil along the axial direction of the drive shaft. A portion of the second retaining ring is inserted into the second retaining groove and another portion abuts against the excitation coil along the axial direction of the drive shaft.

12. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 10, wherein, The electromagnetic induction unit includes a main body and two induction protrusions disposed on the two sides of the main body on the axial direction of the transmission shaft. The projection of the induction protrusions on the reference surface is located within the projection of the receiving groove on the reference surface, and the reference surface is perpendicular to the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

13. The electromagnetic clutch according to claim 7, wherein, The electromagnetic induction unit and the excitation unit are spaced apart.

14. The electromagnetic clutch according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein, In the circumferential direction of the drive shaft, the ratio between the size of the second spline and the inner circumference of the sleeve ranges from 1 / 6 to 1 / 16; and / or, the size of the second spline in the axial direction of the drive shaft ranges from 14 to 18 mm, and the height of the second spline protruding from the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve in the radial direction of the drive shaft ranges from 6 to 8 mm.

15. A transmission device, wherein, include: The electromagnetic clutch according to any one of claims 1-14; The first transmission component and the second transmission component are provided. The excitation mechanism is used to drive the gear shifting component to engage with the first transmission component or the second transmission component. The transmission ratio between the gear shifting component and the first transmission component is different from the transmission ratio between the gear shifting component and the second transmission component.

16. The transmission device according to claim 15, wherein, Along the axial direction of the transmission shaft, the first transmission member and the second transmission member are rotatably disposed on the shaft body and located on opposite sides of the gear shifting member. The two end faces of the gear shifting member are respectively formed with a first mating tooth and a second mating tooth. The end face of the first transmission member facing the gear shifting member is formed with a third mating tooth that meshes with the first mating tooth. The end face of the second transmission member facing the gear shifting member is formed with a fourth mating tooth that meshes with the second mating tooth.

17. The transmission device according to claim 16, wherein, The first mating tooth, the second mating tooth, the third mating tooth, and the fourth mating tooth are all straight tooth profiles; Alternatively, in the direction from the free end to the fixed end, the dimensions of the first mating tooth, the second mating tooth, the third mating tooth, and the fourth mating tooth are reduced in the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft.

18. A vehicle, wherein, include: The transmission device according to any one of claims 15-17.

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