Compositions and methods for treating obesity
Combining berberine ursodeoxycholate with GLP-1RA therapies addresses safety concerns and enhances weight loss efficacy, maintaining lean body mass and reducing weight regain.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN HIGHTIDE BIOPHARM
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing GLP-1RA therapies for obesity treatment are associated with significant safety concerns, including loss of lean body mass and weight regain after discontinuation, limiting their efficacy and raising health risks.
Combining berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) with GLP-1RA therapies to enhance weight loss effects while mitigating safety concerns, such as lean body mass loss and post-treatment weight regain.
Enhances weight loss and maintains lean body mass, reduces weight rebound, and improves heart health when used in conjunction with GLP-1RA therapies.
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Figure PCTCN2025146966-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025146966-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025146966-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATING OBESITYPriority Claims and Related Patent Applications
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to PCT International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 144117, filed December 31, 2024, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.Technical Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention generally relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for therapeutic uses thereof. In particular, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use of berberine ursodeoxycholate and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for treating obesity and related diseases and conditions.Background of the Invention
[0003] Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulated to such an extent that presents a health risk. Obesity is classified as a chronic disease under the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Medical Association (AMA) . People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI) -a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height-is over 30 kg / m2. Those with a BMI in the range of 25–30 kg / m2 are classified as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower BMI values to classify obesity. Worldwide adult obesity has more than doubled since 1990. In 2022, 1 in 8 people in the world were living with obesity. (Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization, https: / / www. who. int / en / news-room / fact-sheets / detail / obesity-and-overweight (2024) ; Kanazawa et al. 2002 World Review of Nutrition andDietetics. Vol. 94. pp. 1–12. )
[0004] Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions. Excessive abnormal body fat, especially visceral adiposity and ectopic fat, is a driver of cardiovascular diseases, and contributes to the global chronic disease burden of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, cancer, and other chronic conditions. (Haslam et al. 2005 Lancet (Review) 366: 1197–1209) ; Chiolero 2018 The Lancet. Public Health 3 (10) : e461–e462. )
[0005] Weight loss medications have been developed since the early twentieth century, although many were banned or withdrawn due to ineffectiveness or adverse effects. Recently, Semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to help people achieve greater and more sustainable weight loss. Semaglutide was developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and as an anti-obesity medication for long-term weight management. (Müller et al. 2022 Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 21, 201-223; Lau et al. 2015 J Med Chem, 58 (18) : 7370-80; Singh et al. 2022 J. Investig. Med. 70 (1) : 5–13; Phillips et al. 2022 J. Clin. Pharm. and Thera. 47 (2) : 184–193. )
[0006] Although treatment with GLP-1RAs has been well received and effective in achieving weight loss for many patients, studies have confirmed the chronicity of obesity and suggested that ongoing treatment is required to maintain improvements in weight and health. A main concern with the use of GLP-1RAs is weight gain after withdrawal or discontinuation. A reported study showed that one year after the withdrawal of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and lifestyle intervention, participants regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss, with similar changes in cardiometabolic variables. Long term studies also showed limited efficacy for a significant portion of patients: more than 30%of patients lose less than 5%of weight or none at all. (Ahmed et al. 2024 J Obes. 2024: 8056440; Wilding et al. 2022 Diabetes Obes. Metab. 24: 1553-1564; Ryan et al. 2024 Nat. Med. 30, 2049–2057. )
[0007] In addition, other significant health concerns with long-term use of semaglutide have emerged, in particular the adverse effects on patients' muscle quantity, composition and function. Preserving skeletal muscle and improving physical function, for example through structured exercise, are of great importance. Loss of skeletal muscle with weight loss may also predispose individuals to a greater chance of weight regain. As a result, loss of lean body mass and skeletal muscle associated with weight loss induced by GLP-1RAs have raised serious safety concerns and limited the treatment options for patients. Furthermore, studies have shown that semaglutide reduces cardiomyocyte size and cardiac mass in mice. (Linge et al. 2024 Circulation. 150: 1288–1298; Johannsen et al. 2012 J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97: 2489-96; Sargeant et al. 2019 Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 34 (3) : 247-262; Neeland et al. 2024 Diabetes Obes. Metab. 26 (Suppl. 4) : 16–27; Martens et al. 2024 JAm Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science 9 (12) 1429–1431. )
[0008] Accordingly, novel therapeutics and treatment methods are urgently needed that can address the safety and efficacy concerns of GLP-1RA therapies.Summary of the Invention
[0009] The invention is based in part on the unexpected discovery of novel treatment methods and pharmaceutical compositions of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) for treating obesity and related diseases and conditions in combination with GLP-1RA therapies. The methods disclosed herein enhance the desired effect of weight loss while mitigating safety and efficacy concerns of GLP-1RA, in particular the loss of lean body mass due to GLP-1RA treatment as well as the regain of body weight after the discontinuation of GLP-1RA treatment.
[0010] In one aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0011] In another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0012] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0013] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0014] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling the loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0015] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0016] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a GLP-1RA or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0017] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a kit comprising (a) a unit dosage form of BUDC, and (b) a unit dosage form of a GLP-1RA, and (c) instructions for administration thereof.
[0018] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0019] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0020] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for increasing fat body mass loss in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during, and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0021] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing or controlling lean body mass loss in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0022] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0023] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0024] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a kit comprising (i) a unit dosage form of BBR, (ii) a unit dosage form of UDCA, and (iii) a unit dosage form of a GLP-1RA, and (iv) instructions for administration thereof.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0025] FIG. 1 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight in DIO mice model.
[0026] FIG. 2 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight change in DIO mice model.
[0027] FIG. 3 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on food intake in DIO mice model for Example 1.
[0028] FIG. 4 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on cumulative food intake in DIO mice model for Example 1.
[0029] FIG. 5 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body composition in DIO mice model on Day 21.
[0030] FIG. 6 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on fasting blood glucose in DIO mice model on Day 41.
[0031] FIG. 7 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on heart weight and heart index in DIO mice model on Day 45.
[0032] FIG. 8 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight in DIO mice model for Example 2.
[0033] FIG. 9 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight change in DIO mice model for Example 2.
[0034] FIG. 10 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight in DIO mice model for Example 3.
[0035] FIG. 11 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight change in DIO mice model for Example 3.
[0036] FIG. 12 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on food intake in DIO mice model for Example 3.
[0037] FIG. 13 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on cumulative food intake in DIO mice model for Example 3.
[0038] FIG. 14 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on fasting blood glucose in DIO mice model for Example 3.
[0039] FIG. 15 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight in DIO mice model for Example 4.
[0040] FIG. 16 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight change in DIO mice model for Example 4.
[0041] FIG. 17 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on blood glucose levels during the OGTT in DIO mice model for Example 4.
[0042] FIG. 18 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on AUC values of the OGTT in DIO mice model for Example 4.
[0043] FIG. 19 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0044] FIG. 20 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on body weight change in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0045] FIG. 21 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on Day 27 body weight in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0046] FIG. 22 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on Day 27 body weight change in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0047] FIG. 23 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on fat mass in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0048] FIG. 24 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on fat mass%in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0049] FIG. 25 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on lean mass%in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0050] FIG. 26 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on total fat in DIO mice model for Example 5.
[0051] FIG. 27 shows exemplary data on effects of test compound (s) on total fat index in DIO mice model for Example 5.Definitions
[0052] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. General principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in “Organic Chemistry” , Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 2006.
[0053] As used in the present disclosure, the following words and phrases are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below unless expressly indicated otherwise or the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0054] In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a, " "an, " and "the" include plural reference, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0055] The term “and / or” is used in this disclosure to mean either “and” or “or” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0056] As used herein, “at least” a specific value is understood to be that value and all values greater than that value.
[0057] Applicant’s disclosure is described herein in preferred embodiments with reference to the Figures, in which like numbers represent the same or similar elements. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment, ” “in an embodiment, ” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
[0058] The term “comprising” , when used to define compositions and methods, is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but do not exclude other elements. The term “consisting essentially of” , when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements and exclude other elements of any essential significance to the compositions and methods. For example, “consisting essentially of” refers to administration of the pharmacologically active agents expressly recited and excludes pharmacologically active agents not expressly recited. The term consisting essentially of does not exclude pharmacologically inactive or inert agents, e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers or diluents. The term “consisting of” , when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding trace elements of other ingredients and substantial method steps. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this invention.
[0059] In the application, where an element or component is said to be included in and / or selected from a list of recited elements or components, it should be understood that the element or component can be any one of the recited elements or components, or the element or component can be selected from a group consisting of two or more of the recited elements or components.
[0060] Where compositions and kits are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes and methods are described as having, including, or comprising specific steps, it is contemplated that, additionally, there are compositions and kits of the present invention that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that there are processes and methods according to the present invention that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
[0061] Unless specifically stated or obvious from context, as used herein, the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example within 2 standard deviations of the mean. About can be understood as within 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%,1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.01%of the stated value. Unless otherwise clear from context, all numerical values provided herein can be modified by the term about.
[0062] At various places in the present specification, variables or parameters are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the description include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges. For example, a range of 1 to 16 is understood to include any number, combination of numbers, or sub-range from the group consisting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16.
[0063] As used herein, the term “effective amount” of an active agent refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this art, the effective amount of a compound of the invention may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the pharmacokinetics of the compound, the disease being treated, the mode of administration, and the patient.
[0064] As used herein, the term “treating” or “reducing” a disease or disorder” refers to ameliorating such a condition before or after it has occurred. As compared with an equivalent untreated control, such reduction or degree of prevention is at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100%as measured by any standard technique.
[0065] As used herein, “pharmaceutical composition” refers to the combination of a therapeutically active agent with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, or diluents, making the composition especially suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic use in vivo or ex vivo.
[0066] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject pharmaceutical agent from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer solutions; and other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations. Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the compositions.
[0067] As used herein, the term “subject” refers to any animal (e.g., a mammal) , including, but not limited to humans, non-human primates, rodents, and the like, which is to be the recipient of a particular treatment. Typically, the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein in reference to a human subject. A “subject” to which administration is contemplated includes, but is not limited to, humans (i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle–aged adult or senior adult) ) and / or a non-human animal, e.g., a mammal such as primates (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys) , cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, rodents, cats, and / or dogs. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human. In certain embodiments, the subject is a non-human animal.
[0068] As used herein, “administering” means oral administration, administration as a pulmonary, suppository, intramuscular administration, intrathecal administration, intranasal administration or subcutaneous administration, or the implantation of a slow-release device, e.g., a mini-osmotic pump, to a subject. Administration is by any route, including transmucosal (e.g., buccal, sublingual, palatal, gingival, nasal, vaginal, rectal, or) . Parenteral administration includes, e.g., intramuscular and subcutaneous. Other modes of delivery include, but are not limited to, the use of liposomal formulations, etc. By “co-administer” it is meant that a composition described herein is administered at the same time, just prior to, or just after the administration of one or more additional therapies (e.g., therapeutic agent, chemotherapeutic, or treatment for a neurodegenerative disease) . The compound of formula (I) can be administered alone or can be co-administered to the patient. Co-administration is meant to include simultaneous or sequential administration of the compound individually or in combination (more than one compound or agent) . Thus, the preparations can also be combined, when desired, with other active substances (e.g., to reduce metabolic degradation) .
[0069] The terms “disease, ” “disorder, ” and “condition” are used interchangeably herein.
[0070] As used herein, the term “treating” , “reducing” , or “preventing” a disease or disorder refers to ameliorating such a condition before or after it has occurred. As compared with an equivalent untreated control, such reduction or degree of prevention is at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100%as measured by any standard technique. The terms “treat, ” “treating” and “treatment” contemplate an action that occurs while a subject is suffering from the specified disease, disorder or condition, which reduces the severity of the disease, disorder or condition, or retards or slows the progression of the disease, disorder or condition ( “therapeutic treatment” ) , and also contemplates an action that occurs before a subject begins to suffer from the specified disease, disorder or condition ( “prophylactic treatment” ) . In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are contemplated to be used in methods of therapeutic treatment wherein the action occurs while a subject is suffering from the specified disease, disorder or condition and results in a reduction in the severity of the disease, disorder or condition, or retardation or slowing of the progression of the disease, disorder or condition. In an alternate embodiment, the compounds provided herein are contemplated to be used in methods of prophylactic treatment wherein the action occurs before a subject begins to suffer from the specified disease, disorder or condition and results in preventing a disease, disorder or condition, or one or more symptoms associated with the disease, disorder or condition, or preventing the recurrence of the disease, disorder or condition.Detailed Description of the Invention
[0071] The invention provides novel treatment methods and pharmaceutical compositions of BUDC for treating obesity, and / or related diseases and conditions, in combination with GLP-1RA therapy. The treatment methods boost the desired effect of weight loss, as compared to GLP-1RA alone, while significantly alleviating serious health risks and safety concerns posed by GLP-1RA therapies, including the loss of lean body mass and post-treatment regain of body weight lost during treatment.
[0072] BUDC is an ionic salt of berberine (BBR) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , represented by The compound was disclosed in WO 2016 / 015634 A1 (PCT / CN2015 / 085350) and WO 2018 / 205987 A1 (PCT / CN2018 / 086461) , the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0073] BUDC (also referred to as BUDCA or HTD1801) is under investigation for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) , primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , among others. BUDC is an ionic salt formed between BBR and UDCA with 1: 1 stoichiometry and unique physico-chemical properties including enhanced bioavailability of BBR within the gut.
[0074] Semaglutide was recently approved as an anti-obesity medication for long-term weight management. Semaglutide is marketed under various brands including OzempicTM, RybelsusTM and WegovyTM. It is a 31-amino acid peptide that closely resembles the natural GLP-1 hormone with key structural modifications. Semaglutide can be administered by subcutaneous injection or taken orally. (Lau et al. 2015 JMed Chem, 58 (18) : 7370-80; Singh et al. 2022 J. Investig. Med. 70 (1) : 5–13; Phillips et al. 2022 J. Clin. Pharm. and Thera. 47 (2) : 184–193; WO2019038412A1; WO2021144477A1; US11318191B2; US10888605B2; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. )
[0075] In one aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0076] GLP-1RAs is a class of drugs that include Semaglutide injection Semaglutide tablets Dulaglutide Exenatide Exenatide extended-release Liraglutide and Lixisenatide Tirzepatide among others. (https: / / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / books / NBK551568 / ; https: / / my. clevelandclinic. org / health / treatments / 13901-glp-1-agonists as accessed on December 24, 2024. )
[0077] In certain embodiments of the method, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) . In certain embodiments, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.
[0078] In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment weight loss is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment is increased by at least about 20%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment is increased by at least about 40%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment is increased by at least about 60%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment is increased by at least about 80%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment is increased by at least about 100%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.
[0079] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0080] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0081] In another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0082] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period. In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.
[0083] In certain embodiments, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 10%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 20%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 30%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 40%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 50%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy.
[0084] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0085] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0086] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0087] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period. In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.
[0088] In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 12.5%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 15%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 20%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.
[0089] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0090] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0091] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0092] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period. In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.
[0093] In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 5%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 12.5%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 15%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy. In certain embodiments, after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 20%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.
[0094] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0095] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0096] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0097] In certain embodiments of the method, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) . In certain embodiments, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.
[0098] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0099] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0100] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0101] In certain embodiments of the method, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) . In certain embodiments, the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.
[0102] In certain embodiments, the subject's heart weight is increased by at least about 5%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment.
[0103] In certain embodiments, the subject's heart index is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment. In certain embodiments, the subject's heart index is increased by at least about 15%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment. In certain embodiments, the subject's heart index is increased by at least about 20%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks (e.g., about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks) of treatment.
[0104] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0105] In certain embodiments of the method, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0106] In certain embodiments of the methods herein, the subject is administered a daily dose of about 50 mg to about 5,000 mg (e.g., about 50 mg to about 200 mg, about 200 mg to about 500 mg, about 500 mg to about 1,000 mg, about 1,000 mg to about 2,500 mg, about 2,500 mg to about 5,000 mg, about 250 mg to about 2,500 mg) of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and the subject is administered a weekly dose of about 0.05 mg to about 15 mg (e.g., about 0.05 mg to about 0.25 mg, about 0.25 mg to about 0.75 mg, about 0.75 mg to about 1.5 mg, about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg, about 2.5 mg to about 5 mg, about 5 mg to about 15 mg)of GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0107] In certain embodiments of the methods herein, the subject is administered a daily dose of about 50 mg to about 5,000 mg (e.g., about 50 mg to about 200 mg, about 200 mg to about 500 mg, about 500 mg to about 1,000 mg, about 1,000 mg to about 2,500 mg, about 2,500 mg to about 5,000 mg, about 250 mg to about 2,500 mg) of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and the subject is administered a weekly dose of about 0.05 mg to about 4.8 mg (e.g., about 0.05 mg to about 0.25 mg, about 0.25 mg to about 0.75 mg, about 0.75 mg to about 1.5 mg, about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg, about 2.5 mg to about 4.8 mg) of semaglutide if administered via injection, or about 3 mg to about 100 mg (e.g., about 3 mg to about 10 mg, about 10 mg to about 25 mg, about 25 mg to about 50 mg, about 50 mg to about 100 mg) of semaglutide if administered orally.
[0108] Any suitable crystalline and / or polymorphous forms of BUDC may be used. In certain embodiments of the methods herein, BUDC is in the form of Form A. In certain embodiments, BUDC is a hydrate. In certain embodiments, BUDC is a hemi-nonahydrate. In certain embodiments of the methods herein, BUDC is in the form of Form D.
[0109] In certain embodiments, BUDC is administered once daily. In certain embodiments, BUDC is administered twice daily.
[0110] In certain embodiments, BUDC is administered orally.
[0111] In certain embodiments of the methods herein, the GLP-1RA is administered once weekly. In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA is administered twice weekly.
[0112] In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA is administered subcutaneously.
[0113] In certain embodiments, the GLP-1RA is administered orally.
[0114] In certain embodiments, the subject is obese.
[0115] In certain embodiments, the subject is overweight.
[0116] In certain embodiments, the subject also suffers from a cardiovascular disease or condition, and / or is at a higher risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke, in addition to obesity or overweight.
[0117] In certain embodiments, the subject also suffers from diabetes or one or more complications thereof.
[0118] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a GLP-1RA (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide) or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0119] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a kit comprising (a) a unit dosage form of BUDC, and (b) a unit dosage form of a GLP-1RA, and (c) instructions for administration thereof.
[0120] In certain embodiments of the kit, (a) the unit dosage form is BUDC tablet or capsule, and (b) the unit dosage form of the GLP-1RA is semaglutide or tirzepatide tablet, capsule or injection.
[0121] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0122] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0123] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0124] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.
[0125] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0126] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
[0127] In certain embodiments of these methods, the subject is treated for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months (e.g., about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 6 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 9 months to about 9 months) . In certain embodiments, the subject is treated for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.
[0128] In certain embodiments of these methods, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0129] In certain embodiments of these methods, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0130] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to a kit comprising (i) a unit dosage form of BBR, (ii) a unit dosage form of UDCA, and (iii) a unit dosage form of a GLP-1RA, and (iv) instructions for administration thereof.
[0131] In certain embodiments of the kit, (iii) GLP-1RA is semaglutide tablet, capsule or injection.
[0132] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for treating obesity or promoting weight loss.
[0133] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after GLP-1RA treatment.
[0134] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.
[0135] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.
[0136] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.
[0137] In yet another aspect, the invention generally relates to use of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of BBR, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of UDCA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for treating obesity or promoting weight loss.
[0138] In certain embodiments of the use disclosed herein, the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.
[0139] In certain embodiments of the use disclosed herein, the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.
[0140] Various solid and crystalline forms of BUDC may be employed in the invention disclosed herein.
[0141] In certain embodiments, Form A of BUDC, having an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 3.98, 7.06, 7.34, 7.93, 8.79, 9.47, 11.70, 11.94, 12.34, 12.55, 13.90, 14.17, 15.14, 15.50, 16.16, 16.54, 16.78, 17.53, 17.67, 18.23, 19.03, 19.98, 20.87, 21.13, 21.96, 23.49, 24.24, 24.97, 25.50, 26.63, 27.60, 28.06, 28.63, 29.40 and 30.49° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0142] In certain embodiments, Form B of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 7.39, 9.31, 12.41, 13.14, 14.37, 14.76, 15.53, 18.65, 21.79, 22.87, 25.27, 25.53 and 28.12° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0143] In certain embodiments, Form C of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 7.23, 10.42, 12.10, 13.37, 14.24, 14.48, 15.28, 15.95, 17.00, 18.17, 20.12, 21.77 and 25.47° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0144] In certain embodiments, Form D of BUDC, having an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 4.24, 6.79, 8.50, 10.25, 11.50, 13.62, 14.74, 15.20, 17.92, 18.39, 22.91 and 25.73° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0145] In certain embodiments, Form E of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 8.59, 10.55, 11.36, 11.86, 12.46, 13.08, 13.38, 14.34, 15.57, 17.24, 17.72, 18.43, 19.66, 19.84, 20.35, 20.91, 21.36, 21.95, 23.21, 24.67, 25.04, 25.82, 26.12, 27.01, 27.84, 28.97, 30.35, 33.33, 34.54 and 36.06° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0146] In certain embodiments, Form H of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 13.05, 14.63 and 25.46° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0147] In certain embodiments, Form I of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 4.19, 7.64, 10.03, 13.32, 13.84, 14.83, 16.73, 22.73, 25.61 and 28.57° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0148] In certain embodiments, Form J of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 4.61, 6.32, 7.38, 8.22, 9.21, 10.57, 11.73, 12.13, 12.62, 12.96, 13.87, 14.55, 14.78, 15.81, 16.48, 17.69, 18.39, 19.01, 20.06, 21.25, 22.13, 23.20, 24.47, 24.89, 26.31, 27.98, 30.25 and 33.35° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0149] In certain embodiments, Form P of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 3.11, 5.01, 5.78, 7.26, 9.20, 10.10, 10.79, 11.65, 13.70, 14.59, 15.22, 16.19, 16.54, 17.05, 18.06, 18.68, 20.52, 21.09, 21.73, 22.49, 24.73, 25.42, 25.94 and 30.11° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0150] In certain embodiments, Form W of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 6.49, 7.16, 8.51, 10.21, 12.01, 13.13, 13.90, 14.42, 15.18, 15.57, 16.03, 16.45, 16.74, 17.08, 17.85, 18.39, 19.61, 20.43, 21.39, 21.70, 23.51 and 25.21° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0151] In certain embodiments, Form X of BUDC, having an XRPD pattern comprising one or more peaks at 2θvalues selected from the group consisting of: 3.63, 6.61, 7.24, 10.49, 11.95, 13.51, 14.26, 14.54, 15.14, 16.01, 16.82, 18.28, 20.26, 21.08, 21.49, 21.90, 25.60, 26.40, 27.31, 29.34, 30.59, 31.01, 34.04, 34.68 and 36.91° (±0.2°) obtained using Cu Kαradiation ( intensity ratioλ2 / λ1=0.50) , is employed.
[0152] In certain embodiments, the solid or crystalline form (e.g., Form A of BUDC) is a hydrate of BUDC. In certain embodiments, the solid or crystalline form (e.g., Form A of BUDC) is a hemi-nonahydrate of BUDC.
[0153] In certain embodiments, the solid or crystalline form (e.g., Form A of BUDC) is crystalline. In certain embodiments, the crystalline form is characterized in a monoclinic crystal system and P21 space group. In certain embodiments of the crystalline form, each unit cell contains two asymmetric units and there are two BBR cations, two UDCA anions and nine H2O molecules per asymmetric unit, and four BBR cations, four UDCA anions and eighteen H2O molecules per unit cell.
[0154] In certain embodiments, the solid or crystalline form is Form A of BUDC. In certain embodiments, the solid or crystalline form is Form D of BUDC.
[0155] Possible formulations include those suitable for oral, sublingual, buccal, parenteral (for example subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous) , rectal, topical including transdermal, intranasal and inhalation administration. Most suitable means of administration for a particular patient will depend on the nature and severity of the disease or condition being treated or the nature of the therapy being used and on the nature of the active compound.
[0156] Compounds of the present invention are, subsequent to their preparation, preferably isolated and purified to obtain a composition containing an amount by weight equal to or greater than 95% ( “substantially pure” ) , which is then used or formulated as described herein. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention are more than 99%pure.
[0157] The following examples are meant to be illustrative of the practice of the invention, and not limiting in any way. Examples Materials Statistical Analysis
[0158] All data were expressed as mean±standard error of mean (SEM) and analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 10 software. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s one-way ANOVA or two ways ANOVA followed if significant by post-hoc Dunnett’s test. One-way ANOVA followed by non-parametric tests like Kruskal-Wallis was used when the data did not follow Gaussian distribution. Statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05 level (*) , P<0.01 level (**) , P<0.001 level (***) , P>0.05 (ns) . Example1. Efficacy Comparation of Semaglutide Monotherapy and in Combination with HTD1801 in Diet Induced Obesity (DIO) Mice Model
[0159] Animals: All C57BL / 6j male mice were purchased from Jiangsu GemPharmatech biotechnology Co. Ltd. Mice were group-housed (4 animals per cage) with bedding under controlled temperature (22±2℃) , noise, humidity (50±10%) , and lighting (12 h light and 12 h dark) conditions.
[0160] Model: DIO C57BL / 6j male mice were fed with standard chow diet (SCD, Cat#2112 / 2151, BEIJING KEAO XIELI FEED CO., LTD, China) till week 6, then the diet was switched to high fat diet (HFD, D12492, Rodent Diet with 60 kcal%Fat, Research diet) for additional 21 weeks. Age matched control (AMC) C57BL / 6j male mice were fed with SCD. After 21-weeks-high-fat diet feeding, DIO mice were randomized based on body weight (~55g) into four groups (G2-G5) with 8 animals in each group, then start treatment for 6 weeks. Animal groups are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Group information for Example1 Note: vehicle1: sterile saline; vehicle2: 2%DMSO+10%Solutol HS-15+88%water; S.C: Subcutaneous; P.O: Oral by gavage; QD: Quaque die.
[0161] Food intake and body weight were recorded daily during the treatment period. On Day 21 and Day 44, body composition was determined by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) using a dedicated densitometer (InAlyzer, MEDIKORS) . Grid hanging test were detected on Day 39. On Day 41, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using ACCU-CHEK Active Blood Glucose Meter, with ACCU-CHEK Active Test Strips. Plasma samples were be obtained by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4℃, collected into 1.5ml tubes and stored at-80℃ for fasting plasma insulin analysis.
[0162] At the end of the study, all animals were euthanized with CO2. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for biomarkers analysis including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) , etc. Body weight, liver weight, heart weight, adipose tissue weight (perirenal, inguinal and epididymal) , the weight of tibialis anterior muscle, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were recorded. Tissues including liver, heart, tibialis anterior muscle, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were collected for histopathology evaluation.
[0163] Experimental results for Example 1 are discussed below. Body Weight and Food Intake
[0164] Certain results of the body weight, body weight change, food intake and cumulative food intake of the animals of G1~G5 over time are shown in FIGs. 1-4. The body weight of the mice in the G1 group were stable during the experiment. As compared to G1, mice in the G2 model control group showed significantly higher body weight at the beginning of dosing and kept increasing slowly during the experiment due to the continuous feeding on high fat diet and increased by approximately 4.99%after 6 weeks (D40) of dosing, and showed significantly lower food intake and cumulative food intake. Compared to the G1 group, both 0.013mg / kg and 0.04mg / kg of semaglutide significantly decreased the body weight of DIO mice by approximately-18.75%and-25.01%, respectively, and significantly decreased food intake and cumulative food intake. The combination of semaglutide (0.013mg / kg) and HTD1801 (200mg / kg) also showed significant effect on body weight loss in DIO mice, with an approximate 33.88%reduction after 6 weeks of administration as compared to G1 group. In addition, the reduction of body weight in the G5 group was significantly better than that in the semaglutide low-dose group (G3, 0.013mg / kg semaglutide monotherapy) , and even better than the semaglutide high-dose group (G4, 0.04mg / kg semaglutide monotherapy) , with slightly lower food intake and cumulative food intake. In conclusion, the combination of HTD1801 and semaglutide showed a significant synergistic effect in body weight loss. Body Composition on Day 21
[0165] The results of the body composition of the animals of G1~G5 on Day 21 are shown in FIG. 5. As compared with G1, DIO mice in the G2 model control group showed slightly lower lean mass (P>0.05) , significantly lower lean body mass ratio (P<0.001) , higher fat mass (P<0.001) and fat body mass ratio (P<0.001) . Compared with mice in the G2 group, lean mass was reduced (P>0.05) , and fat mass was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.001) after administration of low-dose semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) or high-dose semaglutide (0.04 mg / kg) for 21 days, corresponding to a slight increase in lean body mass ratio (P>0.05) and decrease in fat body mass ratio (P>0.05) . The results of the body composition of the DIO mice after 21 days of co-administration of low-dose semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) with HTD1801 (200mg / kg) showed a slight decrease in lean mass (P>0.05) and a significant decrease in fat mass (P<0.001) , with a corresponding significant increase in lean body mass ratio (P<0.01) and decrease in fat body mass ratio (P<0.001) , when compared to the G2.
[0166] In addition, compared to the semaglutide low-dose group (G3) , there is no significant change in lean body mass when combining the low-dose semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) with HTD1801 (200mg / kg) , but a further significant decrease in fat mass was observed (P<0.001) . Lean body mass ratio was significantly increased (P<0.05) , while fat body mass ratio was significantly reduced (P<0.05) , accordingly.
[0167] These results showed that the combination of HTD1801 with semaglutide would have a superior synergistic effect on the reduction of fat body mass, and it can prevent the loss of lean body mass. Fasting Blood Glucose on Day 41
[0168] Certain results of the fasting blood glucose of the animals in G1~G5 on Day 41 are shown in FIG. 6. As compared with G1, DIO mice in the G2 model control group showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose (P<0.001) . Compared to mice in the G2 group, fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased after administration of low-dose semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) or high-dose semaglutide (0.04 mg / kg) or co-administration of semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) and HTD1801 (200 mg / kg) for 41 days.
[0169] In addition, the effect of fasting blood glucose in the G5 group was significantly better than that in the semaglutide low-dose group (G3, 0.013mg / kg semaglutide) , and even better than the semaglutide high-dose group (G4, 0.04mg / kg semaglutide) (P<0.05) . In conclusion, the combination of HTD1801 and semaglutide showed a significant synergistic effect in improving fasting blood glucose. Heart Weight at Endpoint (Day 45)
[0170] Certain results of the heart weight and heart index of the animals in G1~G5 at endpoint (Day 45) are shown in FIG. 7. As compared with G1, DIO mice treatment with low-dose semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) or high-dose semaglutide (0.04 mg / kg) or co-administration of semaglutide (0.013 mg / kg) and HTD1801 (200 mg / kg) for 45 days decreased heart weight and heart index significantly. Although more reduction in body weight in the G5 group, the heart weight and heart index (calculated as heart weight÷body weight×100%) in the G5 group was significantly higher than that in the semaglutide low-dose group (G3, 0.013mg / kg semaglutide monotherapy) , and even better than the semaglutide high-dose group (G4, 0.04mg / kg semaglutide monotherapy) . Semaglutide administered alone resulted in a significant reduction in heart weight and heart index. (Martens et al. 2024 JAm Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science 9 (12) 1429–1431. ) Remarkably, the risk of heart weight reduction was ameliorated when semaglutide was co-administered with HTD1801. Example 2. Efficacy Comparation of HTD1801 Monotherapy with HTD1801 in Combination with Semaglutide in DIO Mice Model
[0171] Animal housing conditions and modeling were similar to those in Example 1. After 21-weeks-high-fat diet feeding, DIO mice were randomized based on body weight (~55g) into two groups with 8 animals in each group, followed by compound treatments. Group information is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Group information for Example 2 Note: vehicle1: sterile saline; S.C: Subcutaneous; P.O: Oral by gavage; QD: Quaque die.
[0172] Body weight was recorded daily during the treatment period. Blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for pharmacokinetics evaluation.
[0173] Experimental results for Example 2 are presented below. Body Weight and Food Intake
[0174] Certain results of the body weight and body weight change of the animals of G1~G2 over time are shown in FIGs. 8-9.
[0175] DIO mice administered with HTD1801 (200mg / kg) alone once daily for 10 days showed a significant decrease in body weight from baseline, and the body weight change vs Day 0 was-6.57%. DIO mice co-administered with HTD1801 (200mg / kg) and semaglutide (0.013mg / kg) once daily for 10 days also showed a significant decrease in body weight from baseline, and the body weight change vs Day 0 was 18.21%. In addition, compared to G1 group, the body weight and body weight change in the G2 group were significantly decreased (P<0.001) , it’s of note that the reduction in body weight (body weight change vs Day 0) in the G2 group was 2.77-fold greater than that in G1 group.
[0176] The above results indicated that the combination of HTD1801 and semaglutide have a significant synergistic effect and a more significant effect on body weight loss than HTD1801 administered alone. Example 3. The Effect of HTD1801 on Inhibiting Body Weight Rebound after Semaglutide Withdrawal in DIO Mice Model
[0177] Animal housing conditions and modeling were similar to those in Example 1. After 21-weeks-high-fat diet feeding, DIO mice were randomized based on body weight (~55g) into four groups (G2-G5) with 8 animals in each group, followed by treatment. Age matched control (AMC) C57BL / 6j male mice were fed with SCD during the study period. Animal groups are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Group information for Example 3 Note: vehicle1: sterile saline; vehicle2: 2%DMSO+10%Solutol HS-15+88%water; S.C: Subcutaneous; P.O: Oral by gavage; QD: Quaque die.
[0178] Food intake and body weight were recorded daily during the treatment period. On Day 21 and Day 41, body composition was determined by DEXA using a dedicated densitometer (InAlyzer, MEDIKORS) . Grid hanging test were performed on Day 39. On Day 42, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using ACCU-CHEK Active Blood Glucose Meter, with ACCU-CHEK Active Test Strips. Plasma samples were obtained by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4℃, and were collected into 1.5mL tubes and stored at-80℃ for fasting plasma insulin analysis.
[0179] At the end of the study, all animals are euthanized with CO2, blood samples are collected through cardiac puncture for biomarkers analysis including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) , etc. Body weight, liver weight, heart weight, adipose tissue weight (perirenal, inguinal and epididymal) , the weight of tibialis anterior muscle, soleus and extensor digitorum longus are recorded. Tissues including liver, heart, tibialis anterior muscle, soleus and extensor digitorum longus are collected for histopathology evaluation.
[0180] Experimental results for Example 3 are discussed below. Body Weight and Food Intake
[0181] Certain results of the body weight, body weight change, food intake and cumulative food intake of the animals of G1~G5 over time are shown in FIGs. 10-13.
[0182] During the overall experiment period, the body weight and food intake of the mice in the G1 group were stable, and showed a constant increase in cumulative food intake. As compared to G1, DIO mice in the G2 group showed significantly higher body weight at the beginning of dosing and kept increasing slowly during the experiment due to the continuous feeding on a high fat diet and increased by approximately 4.99%after 6 weeks of dosing.
[0183] During the first 3 weeks after administration, DIO mice in G3, G4 and G5 groups administered with semaglutide (0.04mg / kg) once daily showed significant reduction in body weight, body weight change, food intake and cumulative food intake as compared to G2, and the relative body weight change was-20.54%, -22.47%, -23.71%on Day 21, respectively. From Day 21, once daily administration of semagluide continued for mice in G3. The body weight and food intake remained stable, and the relative body weight change was-25.19%on Day 40. Starting from Day 21, semaglutide was discontinued in G4 and G5 groups, and the mice were administered vehicle or HTD1801 (200mg / kg) by oral gavage once daily, respectively. Mice in G4 showed a rapid rebound in body weight after discontinuation of semaglutide, with a significant increase in food intake as compared to G3. The body weight on Day 40 had rebounded to the body weight be comparable to the body weight on Day 0 before semaglutide treatment, and the body weight change vs Day 21 (discontinuation of semaglutide) increased by 18.91%. On Day 40, the body weight change vs Day 21 (discontinuation of semaglutide) in G5 was increased by 11.70%with significant increase in food intake. Treatment with HTD1801 inhibited or slowed down the body weight rebound after semaglutide withdrawal. The body weight change was-12.01%in G4. Fasting Blood Glucose on Day 41
[0184] Certain results of the fasting blood glucose of the animals of G1~G5 on Day 41 are shown in FIG. 14. As compared to G1, DIO mice in the G2 model control group showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose (P<0.001) . Compared to mice in the G2 group, fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased after administration of semaglutide (0.04 mg / kg) for 41 days (G3 group) . Mice in G4 showed a significantly higher level of fasting blood glucose as compared to G3, and the fasting blood glucose was comparable to that of G2 (model control) . The mice in G5 showed a significantly lower level of fasting blood glucose as compared to G2 or G3. These results indicated that HTD1801 has a significant protective effect on fasting blood glucose in semaglutide-discontinued DIO mice. Example 4. Efficacy of HTD1801 in Combination with Semaglutide on Weight Loss and glycemic control in DlO Mouse Model
[0185] Animal housing conditions and modeling were similar to those in Example 1. After 23-week high-fat diet feeding, DIO mice were randomized based on body weight (~53g) into two groups with 8 animals in each group, followed by compound treatments lasted for 3 weeks. Group information is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Group information for Example 4 Note: vehicle1: sterile saline; vehicle2: 2%DMSO+10%Solutol HS-15+88%water; S.C: Subcutaneous; P.O: Oral by gavage; QD: Quaque die.
[0186] Body weights were daily recorded during the treatment period. At the end of the study, animals were fasted and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted. Blood samples were collected at-150 min and 0 min for blood glucose measurement, standard oral glucose solution (2 g / kg body weight) were administered following the 0-min blood sampling, and additional blood samples were collected at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post glucose administration to measure the blood glucose levels. Blood glucose was measured using ACCU-CHEK Active Blood Glucose Meter, with ACCU-CHEK Active Test Strips.
[0187] Experimental results for Example 4 are presented below.
[0188] The results of the body weight and body weight change are shown in FIGs. 15-16. As compared with DIO mice model, DIO mice treated with HTD1801 (100mpk) alone, Semaglutide (0.013mpk) alone or Semaglutide (0.013mpk) +HTD1801 (100mpk) comb for 22 days significantly reduced body weight by 3.31%, 7.56%and 17.58%respectively. In addition, the weight loss effect of Semaglutide+HTD1801 comb were significantly superior to monotherapy with HTD1801 or Semaglutide, the reduction extent in comb group were greater than the sum of individual weight loss effects, indicated a synergistic effect on weight loss exists between Semaglutide and HTD1801.
[0189] The results of the OGTT are shown in FIGs. 17-18. As compared with DIO mice model, HTD1801 (100mpk) group (G2) showed significant decreases in blood glucose levels at T=-150 min, 15 min and 30 min, and significantly reduced Area Under Curve (AUC) value. Semaglutide (0.013mpk) group (G3) and Semaglutide (0.013mpk) +HTD1801 (100mpk) comb group (G4) showed significant decreases in blood glucose levels at all tested time points, and significantly reduced AUC values.
[0190] The combination effects of Semaglutide+HTD1801 relative to HTD1801 or Semaglutide monotherapy were also investigated. Compared to the HTD1801 (100mpk) group (G2) , Semaglutide (0.013mpk) +HTD1801 (100mpk) comb group (G4) showed significant decreases in blood glucose levels at all tested time points, and significantly reduced AUC values. Compared to the Semaglutide (0.013mpk) group (G3) , Semaglutide (0.013mpk) +HTD1801 (100mpk) comb group showed significant decreases in blood glucose levels at T=15 min and 30 min, and a trend of further reducing in AUC values.
[0191] HTD1801 in combination with Semaglutide exhibits synergistic effects in weight loss and glycemic control. Example 5. Efficacy of HTD1801 in Combination with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide on Weight Loss and Weight Loss Quality in DlO Mouse Model
[0192] Animal housing conditions and modeling were similar to those in Example 1. After 27-weeks-high-fat diet feeding, DIO mice were randomized based on body weight (~55g) into 10 groups with 8 animals in each group, followed by compound treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Group information is shown in Table 5. Table 5. Group information for Example 5 Note: vehicle1: sterile saline; vehicle2: 2%DMSO+10%Solutol HS-15+88%water; S.C: Subcutaneous; P.O: Oral by gavage; QD: Quaque die.
[0193] Body weights were recorded daily during the treatment period. On Day 26, body composition was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyzer system (QMR06-090H, NIUMAG) . At the end of study, all animals were fasted overnight, FBG was measured using ACCU-CHEK Active Blood Glucose Meter, with ACCU-CHEK Active Test Strips. After blood glucose measurement, animals were euthanized with CO2. Liver weight, adipose tissues weight and body weight were recorded.
[0194] Experimental results for Example 5 are presented below. Efficacy in Body Weight Loss:
[0195] The results of the body weight and body weight change are shown in FIGs. 19-22. Compared with DIO mice model (G1) , DIO mice treated with HTD1801 (G2) , Semaglutide (G3&G4) , Tirzepatide (G7&G8) alone for 28 days significantly reduced body weight by 6.45%, 7.76%, 16.68%, 16.64%and 36.69%, respectively.
[0196] Compared with G1, DIO mice treated with all combinations of HTD1801 with Semaglutide or HTD1801 with Tirzepatide (G5, G6, G9 and G10) for 28 days significantly reduced body weight by 17.18%, 28.77%, 27.28%and 43.57%respectively.
[0197] All combinations of HTD1801 with Semaglutide or HTD1801 with Tirzepatide showed significantly superior weight loss compared to monotherapies of HTD1801 or Semaglutide or Tirzepatide. As compared with HTD1801 monotherapy (G2) , DIO mice treated HTD1801 (100mpk) combo with Semaglutide (0.013mpk) , Semaglutide (0.04mpk) , Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) or Tirzepatide (0.05mpk) (G5, G6, G9 and G10) induced 10.73%, 22.32%, 20.83%and 37.12%additional loss, respectively. As compared with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide monotherapy under the corresponding dosage, DIO mice treated HTD1801 (100mpk) combo with Semaglutide (0.013mpk) , Semaglutide (0.04mpk) , Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) or Tirzepatide (0.05mpk) (G5, G6, G9 and G10) induced 9.41% (vs G3) , 12.09% (vs G4) , 10.65% (vs G7) and 6.88% (vs G8) additional loss, respectively.
[0198] According to the body weight loss results, HTD1801 combo with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide had the potential to break through the weight loss plateau by high dose of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide monotherapy. For example, the weight loss effect from HTD1801 (100mpk) combined with Semaglutide (0.04mpk) or Tirzepatide (0.05mpk) were further enhanced as compared with Semaglutide (0.04mpk) or Tirzepatide (0.05mpk) monotherapy. In addition, HTD1801 combo with Semaglutide had the potential to reduce the clinical dosage of Semaglutide while maintaining favorable weight loss effects. For example, the weight loss magnitude of HTD1801 (100mpk) combined with Semaglutide (0.013mpk) was comparable to that of Semaglutide (0.04mpk) monotherapy or Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) monotherapy. Efficacy in Body Composition:
[0199] The results of the fat mass, fat mass and lean mass to body weight ratio (fat mass%and lean mass%) are shown in FIGs. 23-25. Compared to the model group (G1) , all treatment groups (G2-G10) showed significant decreases in fat mass; G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, and G10 showed significant decreases in fat mass%and increases in lean mass%.
[0200] The combination effects of HTD1801 combo with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide, relative to HTD1801, Semaglutide or Tirzepatide-monotherapy, were also investigated. Compared to the HTD1801 (100mpk) alone group (G2) , HTD1801+Semaglutide comb (G5&G6) and HTD1801+Tirzepatide comb (G9&G10) showed significant decreases in fat mass; HTD1801+Semaglutide (0.04mpk) comb (G6) and HTD1801+Tirzepatide comb (G9&G10) showed significant decreases in fat mass%; HTD1801 (100mpk) +Semaglutide (0.04mpk) comb (G6) and HTD1801+Tirzepatide comb (G9&G10) showed significant increases in lean mass%.
[0201] In addition, under the same Semaglutide dosage, HTD1801+Semaglutide comb (G5&G6) showed significant decreases in fat mass and fat mass%and increases in lean mass%, compared to Semaglutide alone (G3&G4) ; HTD1801 (100mpk) +Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) comb (G9) showed significant decreases in fat mass and fat mass%and increases in lean mass%compared to Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) alone (G7) .
[0202] According to body composition results, the pronounced weight loss effect achieved by HTD1801 combo with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide in DIO mice were attributable primarily to marked fat mass loss, whereas lean mass were preserved. Consequently, compared to monotherapies with HTD1801, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide, combination therapies with HTD1801+Semaglutide combo or HTD1801+Tirzepatide combo resulted in a significant increase in the lean mass%and a significant decrease in fat mass%. The results fully demonstrated that combo use of HTD1801 with GLP-1 RA not only helped achieve a more significant weight loss effect, but also improved the quality of weight loss. Effect on Adipose Tissue: The weight of the inguinal, perirenal, and epididymal fat tissue are summated and summarized in FIGs. 26-27. Compared to the model group (G1) , treatment groups (G3-G10) showed significant decreases in terminal fat weight, treatment groups (G4-G10) showed significant decreases in terminal fat index.
[0203] The combination effects of HTD1801 combo with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide, relative to HTD1801, Semaglutide or Tirzepatide monotherapy, were also investigated. Compared to the HTD1801 (100mpk) alone group (G2) , HTD1801+Semaglutide comb (G5&G6) and HTD1801+Tirzepatide comb (G9&G10) showed significant decreases in terminal fat weight; HTD1801 (100mpk) +Semaglutide (0.04mpk) comb (G6) and HTD1801+Tirzepatide comb (G9&G10) showed significant decreases in terminal fat index. In addition, HTD1801+Semaglutide comb (G5&G6) showed a significant decrease in terminal fat weight compared to Semaglutide alone (G3&G4) , HTD1801 (100mpk) +Semaglutide (0.04mpk) comb (G6) showed a significant decrease in terminal fat weight index compared to Semaglutide (0.04mpk) alone (G4) ; HTD1801 (100mpk) +Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) comb (G9) showed a significant decrease in terminal fat weight compared to Tirzepatide (0.015mpk) alone (G7) . The adipose tissue results are consistent with the body composition results analyzed by NMR analyzer system.
[0204] Above all, HTD1801 in combination with Semaglutide or Tirzepatide exhibits synergistic effects in weight loss, which indicated that such combination therapy holds potential for overcoming weight loss plateaus and reducing the required dosage of GLP-1RA while maintaining a favorable efficacy. In addition, the additional weight loss in the combination group is attributable to a decrease in fat mass without obvious loss of lean mass, leading to an improved body composition profile. Together, these results provide strong evidence supporting the development of novel combination therapies for obesity treatment.
[0205] The described features, structures, or characteristics of Applicant’s disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the description, herein, numerous specific details are recited to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that Applicant’s composition and / or method may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
[0206] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, the preferred methods and materials are now described. Methods recited herein may be carried out in any order that is logically possible, in addition to a particular order disclosed. Incorporation by Reference
[0207] References and citations to other documents, such as patents, patent applications, patent publications, journals, books, papers, web contents, have been made in this disclosure. All such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material explicitly set forth herein is only incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the present disclosure material. In the event of a conflict, the conflict is to be resolved in favor of the present disclosure as the preferred disclosure. Equivalents
[0208] The representative examples disclosed herein are intended to help illustrate the invention, and are not intended to, nor should they be construed to, limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention and many further embodiments thereof, in addition to those shown and described herein, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the full contents of this document, including the examples which follow and the references to the scientific and patent literature cited herein. The above examples contain important additional information, exemplification and guidance that can be adapted to the practice of this invention in its various embodiments and equivalents thereof.
Claims
A method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months.The method of claim 2, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment weight loss is increased by at least about 20%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of claim 4, wherein weight loss after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment is increased by at least about 40%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.The method of claim 8, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of claim 9, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of any one of claims 8-10, wherein about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 20%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of claim 11, wherein about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks after the GLP-1RA treatment is terminated the post-treatment body weight rebound is reduced by at least about 40%compared to post-treatment body weight rebound following GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of any one of claims 8-12, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 8-12, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A method for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.The method of claim 15, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of claim 16, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of any one of claims 15-17, wherein after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of claim 18, wherein after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment the loss of fat body mass is increased by at least about 15%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A method for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.The method of claim 22, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 weeks to about 12 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of claim 23, wherein the GLP-1RA treatment is about 3 months to about 6 months in length and the subject is administered BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, during the same period.The method of any one of claims 22-24, wherein after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of claim 25, wherein after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment the lean body mass ratio is increased by at least about 15%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy.The method of any one or claims 22-26, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 22-26, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The method of claim 29, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months.The method of claim 30, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.The method of any one of claims 29-31, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 29-31, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (a) atherapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The method of claim 34, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months.The method of claim 35, wherein the subject is administered (a) and (b) for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.The method of any one of claims 34-36, wherein the subject's heart weight is increased by at least about 5%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment.The method of claim 37, wherein the subject's heart index is increased by at least about 10%compared to GLP-1RA monotherapy after about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks of treatment.The method of any one of claims 34-38, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 34-38, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.The method of any one of claims 1-40, wherein the subject is administered a daily dose of about 50 mg to about 5,000 mg of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and the subject is administered a weekly dose of about 0.05 mg to about 15 mg of GLP-1RA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The method of any one of claims 1-40, wherein the subject is administered a daily dose of about 50 mg to about 5,000 mg of BUDC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and the subject is administered a weekly dose of about 0.05 mg to about 4.8 mg of semaglutide if administered via injection, or about 3 mg to about 100 mg of semaglutide if administered orally.The method of any one of claims 1-42, wherein BUDC is in the form ofForm A.The method of any one of claims 1-43, wherein BUDC is a hydrate.The method of any one of claims 1-44, wherein BUDC is a hemi-nonahydrate.The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein BUDC is administered once daily.The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein BUDC is administered twice daily.The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein BUDC is administered orally.The method of any one of claims 1-48, wherein the GLP-1RA is administered once weekly.The method of any one of claims 1-48, wherein the GLP-1RA is administered twice weekly.The method of claim 49 or 50, wherein the GLP-1RA is administered subcutaneously.The method of claim 49 or 50, wherein the GLP-1RA is administered orally.The method of any one of claims 1-52, wherein the subject is obese.The method of any one of claims 1-52, wherein the subject is overweight.The method of claim 53 or 54, wherein the subject also suffers from a cardiovascular disease or condition, and / or is at a higher risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke, in addition to obesity or overweight.The method of any one of claims 53-55, wherein the subject also suffers from diabetes.A pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 57, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 57, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A kit comprising (a) a unit dosage form of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , and (b) a unit dosage form of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , and (c) instructions for administration thereof.The kit of claim 60, wherein (a) the unit dosage form is BUDC tablet or capsule, and (b) the unit dosage form of the GLP-1RA is semaglutide or tirzepatide tablet, capsule or injection.A method for treating obesity or promoting weight loss, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) atherapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.A method for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.A method for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.A method for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment.A method for treating obesity while reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.A method for treating obesity while maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.The method of any one of claims 62-67, wherein the subject is treated for a period of about 3 weeks to about 12 months.The method of claim 68, wherein the subject is treated for a period of about 3 months to about 6 months.The method of any one of claims 62-69, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The method of any one of claims 62-69, wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.A kit comprising (i) a unit dosage form of BBR, (ii) a unit dosage form ofUDCA, and (iii) a unit dosage form of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , and (iv) instructions for administration thereof.The kit of claim 72, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide tablet, capsule or injection.Use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for treating obesity or promoting weight loss.Use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for reducing, controlling or delaying body weight rebound in a subject after GLP-1RA treatment.Use of a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, before, during and / or following GLP-1RA treatment for increasing loss of fat body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.Use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for reducing or controlling loss of lean body mass in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.Use of (a) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine ursodeoxycholate (BUDC) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (b) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for maintaining or improving heart weight and / or heart index in a subject undergoing GLP-1RA treatment.Use of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, and (iii) a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof, for treating obesity or promoting weight loss.The use of any one of claims 74-79, wherein the GLP-1RA is semaglutide.The use of any one of claims 74-79,wherein the GLP-1RA is tirzepatide.