Mesh network communications

Abstract

A mechanism for facilitating the determination of relationship information by a network device connectable to a plurality of mesh networks. The network device is connectable to a first mesh network using default credential information and a second mesh network using second credential information definable by a commissioning device. The network device uses the first mesh network to perform or co-ordinate the performance of a determination process that generates relationship information.

Description

[0001] 2024PF80395

[0002] 1

[0003] MESH NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS

[0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to the field of network communications, and in particular to mesh network communications.

[0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In recent years, both professional and domestic systems have moved increasingly towards (wireless) connected systems. A connected system comprises a plurality of network devices that are able to communicate with one another, e.g., define or form a mesh network.

[0008] One particular area of interest is in connected lighting systems, in which a plurality of luminaires or lamps are able to communicate with one another. Such systems are advantageous for coordinating the performance of tasks by different network devices (e.g., luminaires and / or sensors) or performing simultaneous control of different network devices.

[0009] International patent application W02025 / 002848 Al discloses a method of a commissioning tool for commissioning a multinetwork system that comprises two or more wireless mesh networks with any two adjacent networks having different network configurations. The method comprises commissioning a plurality of nodes into the two or more wireless mesh networks with each node out of the plurality of nodes associated with one out of the two or more wireless mesh networks as its primary network. For stable performance of a multi -network system, it may also be favorable to create multiple links between adjacent networks using more than one border node. This helps to avoid a single point of failure for communication between networks.

[0010] International patent application WO2022 / 148695 Al discloses a method of relaying a message in a network comprising at least two different mesh networks, each mesh network comprising a plurality of operatively interconnected node devices, a number of node devices within each mesh network bordering at least one of the other mesh networks being designated as boundary node devices by a network backend server, each node device within each mesh network provisioned with a network credential specific to said mesh network comprising said node device and each boundary node device further provisioned with further2024PF80395

[0011] 2

[0012] network credential(s) specific to mesh network(s) bordering said mesh network.

[0013] International patent application W02006 / 095316 Al discloses a method for determining the relative locations of plural wirelessly controllable building service device nodes and switching control nodes within a building. Wireless communication is established between the nodes to determine relative spatial positions of selected nodes using received signal strength indication (RSSI) values indicative of a distance between two communicating nodes. The building service device nodes are then grouped into two or more groups, based on spatial distribution of service device nodes as indicated by the RSSI values.

[0014] Connected systems are able to support technologies that facilitate the identification or determination of relationship information between different devices in the system, such as the determination of distance(s) between connected devices and / or the network topology of the connected system.

[0015] There is an ongoing desire to improve the performance and efficiency of connected systems.

[0016] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The invention is defined by the claims.

[0018] In accordance with a proposed approach, there is provided a network device for communicating over a plurality of mesh networks. The network device includes a communication arrangement configured to store default credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to a first mesh network, connect to or establish the first mesh network using only the stored default credential information, store second credential information different to the default credential information, wherein the second credential information is definable or modifiable by an external commissioning device, and connect to or establish a second mesh network using the second credential information when available, wherein the second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network, the second credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to the second mesh network. The network device also includes a processing module configured to perform a determination process, using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network. Moreover, all network devices in the first mesh network have the default credential information and the default credential information is defined during manufacture and subsequently unmodifiable when passed on2024PF80395

[0019] 3

[0020] from the manufacturer or read-only and the communication arrangement is configured to connect to or establish the first mesh network upon start up of the network device.

[0021] The present disclosure proposes a network device that is able to participate or communicate over two distinct mesh networks. The network device connects to or establishes a mesh network using default credential information, which ensures rapid and secure initial connectivity (e.g., for establishing relationship information). The network device is also able to connect to or establish a second mesh network using second credential information defined by an external commissioning device. This allows for creation of a secure mesh network for a subset of network devices (of the first mesh network), e.g., whose functionality is to be cooperatively controlled by a control device.

[0022] The present approach also provides a mechanism for generating relationship information using the first mesh network that is established using default credential information. This allows the network devices on the first mesh network to generate the relationship information before any / all of the network devices are commissioned.

[0023] Relationship information is useful for a variety of reasons, including automatic floor plan generation or improving the commissioning workflow. For instance, by utilizing relationship information comprising distance measurements and network topology data, it is possible to create a representation of the physical layout of the network devices (e.g. allowing comparison of an actual with a planned network layout). As another example, during the commissioning process (of the second mesh network), where network devices are configured and integrated into the system, having detailed information about device locations and their relationships to one another allows for more efficient and logical progression through the network.

[0024] Furthermore, the relationship information could be exploited to improve other network management and functionality procedures. For instance, relationship information may be used to improve, optimize and / or perform routing algorithms within the mesh network, improve load balancing, or facilitate more effective resource allocation. In lighting systems, relationship information also facilitates or enables other features such as adaptive lighting schemes, such as for power saving, based on the spatial relationships between luminaires.

[0025] Automatic connection to the first mesh network upon startup allows immediate network start up of the first mesh network, allowing integration and functionality. In particular, this approach facilitates the generation of relationship information before a network device is connected to an external commissioning device, to increase a speed and ease of installing and / or commissioning the network.2024PF80395

[0026] 4

[0027] Other advantages for accurate generation of relationship information will be readily apparent to the skilled person.

[0028] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to communicate, using the communication arrangement and over the first mesh network, with the at least one other network device in the first mesh network to co-ordinate a time period for performing the determination process. Coordinating the time period for the determination process across multiple devices in the first mesh network reduces interference when performing the determination process. This coordination thereby reduces a risk of inaccuracy in the determination process, leading to more reliable relationship information.

[0029] In some embodiments, the determination process comprises using one or more wireless signals to determine, as a portion of the relationship information, an estimated distance between the network device and each, if any, other network device in the first mesh network in range of the one or more wireless signals. Predicting distances between network devices enables the creation of a spatial map of the network, facilitating advanced features such optimized network routing, future commissioning guidance and so on. Distance information may by itself be useful for ease of identifying a suitable next network device for commissioning.

[0030] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to use a Bluetooth® channel sounding technique to predict the distance between the network device and each, if any, other network device in the first mesh network in range of the one or more wireless signals. This technique provides high-accuracy distance measurements, which are more resilient to interference and multipath effects.

[0031] In some embodiments, the default credential information is defined during manufacture of the network device. This approach streamlines the deployment process, as the network device is able to connect to the first mesh network without requiring manual configuration. Defining default credentials during manufacture also enhances security by reducing the risk of unauthorized access during initial setup.

[0032] In particular, the default credential information may be hardcoded, stored by a read-only memory, fuse programmable or NFC programmable. In this way, the default credential information may be defined during manufacture and subsequently unmodifiable when passed on from the manufacturer. This effectively configures the default credential information to allow an immediate connection or establishment of the first mesh network.

[0033] In some embodiments, the default credential information is read only credential information. In other words, the read only credential information may be unmodifiable2024PF80395

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[0035] credential information. Using read-only default credentials prevents unauthorized modifications, maintaining the integrity and security of the first mesh network.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first mesh network and the second mesh network use a same wireless communication protocol. Using the same wireless protocol for both networks simplifies device hardware requirements and reduces complexity in network management.

[0037] In some embodiments, the communication arrangement is further configured to communicate with the external commissioning device over a communication channel, which communication channel is separate to the first mesh network and the second mesh network. A separate communication channel for the commissioning device enhances security by isolating sensitive configuration processes. This separation also functions to reduce or prevent interference with ongoing network operations, such as the determination process, during the commissioning process.

[0038] In some embodiments, the communication arrangement is configured to initially communicate with the external commissioning device to establish the communication channel to thereby produce third credential information, different to the default credential information and the second credential information, and subsequently communicate with the external commissioning device over the communication channel using the third credential information.

[0039] In some embodiments, the communication arrangement is configured to, when initially communicating with the external commissioning device, establish the communication channel using at least the default credential information. Using default credentials for initial commissioning communication ensures that only authorized devices, those with access to the credentials, are able to initiate the configuration process. This method maintains security while simplifying the initial setup procedure for network administrators.

[0040] In some embodiments, the processing module is further configured to, responsive to a first request from the external commissioning device over the communication channel, retrieve, using the communication arrangement and over the first mesh network, any determined relationship information from the at least one other network device on the first mesh network, and communicate the determined relationship information to the external commissioning device over the communication channel.

[0041] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to only perform the determination process after receiving an initiation request from the external commissioning device over the communication channel.

[0042] In some embodiments, the determination process comprises broadcasting a backoff request over the first mesh network using the communication arrangement, and after2024PF80395

[0043] 6

[0044] broadcasting the backoff request, determining the relationship information. The backoff request mechanism reduces interference during the determination process, improving the accuracy of relationship information.

[0045] In some embodiments, the determination process comprises, after determining the relationship agreement, broadcasting a release request over the first mesh network using the communication arrangement. Broadcasting a release request after the determination process allows other devices to resume normal operations promptly. This reduces the duration of any disruptions caused by the determination process, and is able to improve the speed of all network devices in the first mesh network performing the determination process.

[0046] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process. Respecting backoff requests from other devices ensures fair access to network resources and prevents conflicts in the determination process, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the relationship information. Backoff requests may alternatively be broadcast with a pre-defined maximum hop-count, thereby allowing parallel determination to take place in the network while reducing interference from other devices in the first mesh network.

[0047] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process for at least a predetermined period of time.

[0048] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process until the communication arrangement receives a release request from another network device. Waiting for a release request before resuming operations prevents premature resumption of activities, maintaining the integrity of the determination process by another network device, preferably a (long) backup time-out is provided, so as to prevent live-lock as a result of a missed release request.

[0049] In some embodiments, the determination process comprises communicating, using the communication arrangement and over the first mesh network, with the at least one other network device over the first mesh network to generate, as a portion of the relationship information, network information that indicates at least a number of network devices in the first mesh network.2024PF80395

[0050] 7

[0051] In some embodiments, the network information comprises a network graph representing a topology of the first mesh network. A network graph representation offers a visual and intuitive understanding of the mesh network's structure. This topology information may, for instance, facilitate the performance of advanced routing algorithm and / or be used to identify a next or future network device for commissioning by the external commissioning device.

[0052] In some embodiments, the network device further comprises a control arrangement configured to receive, using the communication arrangement and over the second mesh network, one or more control requests from a control device connected to the second mesh network, and modify one or more properties of the network device responsive to the one or more control requests.

[0053] In some embodiments, the network device is a luminaire, or a wireless-capable light source (e.g. Zigbee / Thread capable retrofit bulb) comprising a light source for emitting light. The proposed approach is particularly advantageous when employed in a lighting system, as there is a common desire to group different luminaires together (e.g., in a second mesh network) to perform synchronous control. A typical lighting system will also comprise a large number of network devices, and the proposed approach provides techniques and functionality that improve the speed of commissioning such a large number of network devices.

[0054] In some embodiments, the one or more properties of the network device, modifiable by the control arrangement, comprises one or more properties of light emitted by the light source. Allowing control over light properties through the second mesh network enables sophisticated lighting scenarios or scenes, as well as energy-saving strategies to be employed or achieved.

[0055] There is also provided a network comprising a plurality of network devices as herein proposed. In some embodiments, the network further comprises the external commissioning device configured to communicate with at least one of the plurality of network devices.

[0056] In accordance with yet another proposed approach, there is provided a computer-implemented method for defining mesh networks for communication with one or more network devices. The method comprises storing default credential information in the one or more network devices, the default credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to a first mesh network, connecting to or establishing the first mesh network using only the stored default credential information, storing second credential information in network devices of a second mesh network, the second2024PF80395

[0057] 8

[0058] credential information different to the default credential information, wherein the second credential information is definable or modifiable by an external commissioning device, and connecting to or establishing the second mesh network using the second credential information when available, wherein the second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network, the second credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to the second mesh network. The method further comprises performing a determination process, using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network and wherein all network devices in the first mesh network have the default credential information and the default credential information is defined during manufacture and subsequently unmodifiable when passed on from the manufacturer or read-only and the communication arrangement is configured to connect to or establish the first mesh network upon start up (415) of the network device.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment the method further comprises coordinating time periods for the respective network devices of the first mesh network for performing the determination process of network devices in the first mesh network using the first mesh network.

[0060] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment s) described hereinafter.

[0061] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0063] Figure 1 illustrates a network in which embodiments may be employed;

[0064] Figure 2 illustrates a proposed network device;

[0065] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a proposed determination process;

[0066] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for use by a proposed network device; and

[0067] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for use by an external commissioning device.2024PF80395

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[0069] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0070] The invention will be described with reference to the Figures.

[0071] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the Figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

[0072] The invention provides a mechanism for facilitating the determination of relationship information by a network device connectable to a plurality of mesh networks. The network device is connectable to a first mesh network using default credential information and a second mesh network using second credential information definable by a commissioning device. The network device uses the first mesh network to perform or co-ordinate the performance of a determination process that generates relationship information.

[0073] Embodiments are based on a realization that a determination process for producing relationship information typically requires communicating with other network devices, either directly or over a network. By connecting or establishing a first mesh network between network devices using default credential information, performance or co-ordination of a determination process can be achieved before commissioning of each network device. In particular, each network device can directly connect to the first mesh network using credential information without needing to co-ordinate the establishment of the network between themselves and / or using credential information defined by a commissioning device. Subsequently, the first mesh network can be used as a communication pathway over which relationship information is determined and / or used as a communication pathway over which a determination process is coordinated. For instance, the first mesh network may be used to broadcast a backoff request, after which a determination process is performed using by transmitting and sensing using the first communication network, or using a different communication methodology (e.g., Bluetooth® channel sounding or the like). The first mesh network may also be used to broadcast a / the release request after the determination process is completed.

[0074] Proposed embodiments may be employed in any suitable network comprising a plurality of network devices that are to be grouped into one or more mesh networks for future2024PF80395

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[0076] communications and / or control, such as networks of lighting devices, sensors, monitoring devices and so on.

[0077] Figure 1 illustrates a collection of devices 10 for forming a network, in which embodiments may be employed, for improved contextual understanding. The collection of devices 10 comprises a plurality of network devices 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 and an external commissioning device 110.

[0078] During a set up process for a network, there is commonly a need to commission each network device to form the network, to define one or more properties of the network device or information to be stored by the network device (e.g., for defining future operations of the network device). Commissioning is typically performed using an external communication device, such as a mobile phone or other portable device, that communicates with each network device in turn and define one or more characteristics for the network device, thereby commissioning the network device.

[0079] By way of non-exhaustive examples, a commissioning process may be used to define credential information (e.g., for connecting the network device to a particular network), time information (e.g., setting a current time), group information (e.g., identifying which, if any, other network devices belong in a same group as the network device) and so on. Other properties and / or information that may be defined by an external commissioning device are well known to the skilled person.

[0080] The present disclosure proposes the concept of a plurality of mesh networks for a network device.

[0081] In particular, each network device is configured to connect to a first mesh network 120 which comprises all network devices in the network. Each network device connects to the first mesh network 120 using default credential information (e.g., pre-stored or predefined credential information).

[0082] Each network device is also configured to connect to a second mesh network 121, 122 using second credential information, which is defined or modifiable by the commissioning device.

[0083] Each second mesh network may comprise a subset (e.g., some or all) of the network devices in the network.

[0084] For instance, each second mesh network 121, 122 may define a group or cluster of network devices that are associated with offices of a respective tenant in a multi-tenant building, or are to be controlled synchronously and / or are to perform a function synchronously. By way of example, in a lighting system, a second mesh network may comprise a subset of2024PF80395

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[0086] luminaires that are intended to be controlled together, such as all luminaires in a particular room or area. This allows for coordinated control and functionality of related devices.

[0087] As noted above, the second mesh network to which a network device belongs or connects is defined by the external commissioning device.

[0088] The first mesh network is exploited for use in determining relationship information between the devices in the first mesh network. The second mesh network is useable for controlling a function or operation of the network device when the network is deployed or active.

[0089] In some examples, as described in detail below, each network device is able to broadcast messages over the first mesh network to request any other network device (on the first mesh network) to pause a relationship determination process. This enables the network device to perform such a relationship determination process (e.g., using wireless signals or the like) with reduced risk of traffic or congestion, e.g., in the first mesh network or over another form of communication channel.

[0090] Figure 2 illustrates an example network device 101 that in embodiments may be employed.

[0091] The network device 101 comprises a communication arrangement 210 and a processing module 220.

[0092] The communication arrangement 210 is configured to store default credential information 221 (e.g., in a first memory portion 291 of / for the communication arrangement).

[0093] In the context of the present disclosure, credential information comprises any information or data required to connect to a network and / or communicate with other devices on the network. The credential information may, for instance, comprise a a private network identifier, encryption key, authentication token, security certificate or other security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to the mesh network.

[0094] The default credential information 221 may be defined during manufacture of the network device and / or read only (i.e., unmodifiable by the external commissioning device) credential information. For instance, the credential information may be hardcoded, stored by a read-only memory (e.g., the first memory portion 291 may be read-only memory), fuse programmable or potentially NFC programmable, for example using a programmer-type and / or security credentials only available within the factory used to manufacture the network device.

[0095] The communication arrangement 210 is configured to use the default credential information 221 to connect to (or establish) the first mesh network. It will be recognized that only the default credential information is required to perform this connection to or2024PF80395

[0096] 12

[0097] establishment of the first mesh network, i.e., and no further data from the external commissioning device.

[0098] The communication arrangement 210 is also configured to store second credential information 222 (e.g., in a second memory portion 292 of / for the communication arrangement). The second credential information 222 is modifiable by the external commissioning device, e.g., using communications with the communication arrangement 210.

[0099] The communication arrangement 210 is also configured to connect to or establish a second mesh network using the second credential information, when said second credential information is available. As previously noted, the second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network

[0100] It will be appreciated that the mesh networks may be defined using any suitable mesh-based communication protocol or technology. Suitable examples include Zigbee®, Bluetooth® Mesh, Thread, and Wi-Fi® Mesh, although other protocols would be readily apparent to the skilled person.

[0101] The first and second mesh networks may reside on different channels of a same wireless communication protocol. Alternatively, the first and second mesh networks may be defined or operate according to different communication protocols. In yet other examples, the first and second mesh network may reside in a same channel of the same wireless communication protocol, but be subject to time-division multiplexing or the like.

[0102] As a working example, the first and second mesh networks may both be defined as Zigbee® mesh networks (i.e., operating according to the Zigbee® protocol), but functioning on different channels defined by the Zigbee® protocol. In preferred examples, the first mesh network and / or second mesh network uses one of Zigbee® channels 11, 20 or 25 for improved resilience to any other wireless communications in the vicinity of the network device (e.g., WiFi® communications).

[0103] As another example, the first mesh network may be defined or operate according to the Zigbee® protocol and the second mesh network may be defined or operate according to the Bluetooth® Mesh protocol.

[0104] Other examples will be apparent to the skilled person.

[0105] The communication arrangement may be appropriately configured to handle the particular form of communication protocol used to define the mesh network(s).

[0106] Approaches for appropriately embodying the communication arrangement will be readily apparent to the skilled person. In particular, in practice, the communication arrangement 210 may be distributed across different (physical) elements of the network device.2024PF80395

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[0108] Figure 2 illustrates one approach to embodying the communication arrangement 210. In particular, the network device may comprise an antenna arrangement 211, a transceiver 212, a processing system 260 and a memory 290 designed to perform the functionality of the communication arrangement 210.

[0109] The procedures performed by the exemplary elements forming the communication arrangement 210 to connect to, establish and / or communicate over a mesh network are well established in the art.

[0110] Nonetheless, it is noted that in general terms, the antenna arrangement 211 and transceiver 212 work together to transmit and receive wireless signals for communicating over the mesh networks. The antenna arrangement 211 converts electrical signals to electromagnetic waves for transmission and vice versa for reception. The transceiver 212 modulate / demodulate and encode / decode the electrical signals to / from the antenna arrangement for wireless communication.

[0111] The processing system 260 (e.g., a communication control module 261 of the processing system 260) controls or co-ordinates the operation of the communication arrangement. The processing system is configured to execute instructions to establish network connections, process received signals, generate outgoing messages, and manage the credential information.

[0112] It will be appreciated that the processing system is configured to control / co-ordinate the operation of the communication arrangement according to the relevant communication protocol(s) for the relevant network(s) or other communication channel, where employed.

[0113] The memory 290 stores the default credential information 221 and the second credential information, together with any other data needed for network communication (where relevant). For instance, the memory may comprise at least the first memory portion 291 that stores the default credential information 221 for connecting to the first mesh network, and the second memory portion 292 that stores the second credential information 222 for connecting to the second mesh network.

[0114] To connect to the first mesh network, the processing system 260 may retrieve the default credential information 221 from the first memory portion 291. It may then use this information to configure the transceiver 212 to transmit the appropriate authentication / connection messages via the antenna arrangement.

[0115] For the second mesh network, the processing system 260 may first receive the second credential information 222 from the external commissioning device via the antenna2024PF80395

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[0117] arrangement and transceiver 212. This information may be stored in the second memory portion 292. When connecting to the second mesh network, the processor retrieves this stored information and uses it to establish the connection through the transceiver and antenna.

[0118] By way of example, the network device and the external commissioning device may establish a direct wireless connection using a short-range communication protocol such as Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) or Near Field Communication (NFC). The processing system 260 may be configured to listen for incoming connection requests from the external commissioning device on these protocols.

[0119] Once a connection is established, the external commissioning device may transmit the second credential information to the processing system 260, e.g., using a secure communication channel. The processing system 260 may then process this information and store it in the second memory portion 292 of the memory 290.

[0120] In other implementations, the external commissioning device may communicate with the processing system 260 indirectly through the first mesh network. The external commissioning device may connect to one network device in the first mesh network, which then relays the second credential information to other devices, including the target network device. In this scenario, the processing system 260 may receive the second credential information as part of a message routed through the first mesh network.

[0121] In some cases, the communication of the second credential information may be initiated by the network device itself. The processing system 260 may broadcast a discovery signal or enter a pairing mode, allowing the external commissioning device to detect and connect to it for the purpose of providing the second credential information.

[0122] If required, the processing system 260 may also manage switching between the two mesh networks, reconfiguring the transceiver 212 with the appropriate credential information for each mesh network.

[0123] To communicate with any other device (such as the external commissioning device or any other network device on any connected mesh network) the processing system 260 generates one or more messages, passes the message(s) to the transceiver 212 for encoding / modulation, and then transmits the message(s) via the antenna arrangement 211 over the appropriate network or communication path. Received messages follow the reverse path.

[0124] In this way, the coordinated operation of the antenna, transceiver, processing system and memory enables the network device 101 to connect to multiple mesh networks and communicate with other devices on each mesh network using the appropriate credentials for each mesh network.2024PF80395

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[0126] The antenna arrangement 211 may comprise one or more antennae. In some examples, the antenna arrangement may include multiple antennae to support different frequency bands or communication protocols. For instance, the antenna arrangement may comprise a respective antenna (or pair of antennae) for each communication protocol supported by the communication arrangement. As a working example, the antenna arrangement may include separate antennae for Zigbee® and Bluetooth® communications.

[0127] It will be appreciated that communication over different mesh networks may be performed using the same or different antennae of the antenna arrangement. In some cases, a single antenna may be used for communicating over both the first and second mesh networks, particularly if the networks use similar frequency bands (e.g., different channels of a same communication protocol). In other cases, separate dedicated antennae may be used for each network, e.g., for improved and / or simultaneous performance. The processing system 260 may control which antenna(s) are used for transmitting and receiving on each network.

[0128] The transceiver 212 may be configured to support multiple communication protocols and switch between different antennae as needed.

[0129] Of course, the transceiver 212 may, in some embodiments, comprise a plurality of transceiver modules each configured to support a different communication protocol and / or mesh network. For instance, one transceiver module may be dedicated to handling communications over the first mesh network using the default credential information, while another module may be responsible for communications over the second mesh network using the second credential information.

[0130] The processing module 220 is configured to perform a determination process. The processing module 220 may form part of the processing system 260 (as illustrated) or be a standalone processing system.

[0131] The processing module 220 is configured to perform a determination process, using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network. The relationship information may, for instance, be stored in a third memory portion 293 (e.g., of the memory 290).

[0132] By way of example, the relationship information may comprise distance information that identifies an estimated distance (e.g., a measured distance) between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network.

[0133] As another example, the relationship information comprise network information that indicates at least a number of network devices in the first mesh network. In particular, the2024PF80395

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[0135] network information may comprise a network graph representing a network topology of the first mesh network, which identifies or indicates connections or paths between different network devices in the first mesh network.

[0136] The processing module 220 is configured to instruct or control the function of the communication arrangement when performing the determination process. Specifically, the processing module may direct the communication arrangement to transmit specific signals and / or instruct the communication arrangement to listen for and process incoming signals or responses from other network devices, which are then passed onto the processing module for further processing and / or analysis.

[0137] A first example of a determination process that may be performed by the processing module is hereafter described. In particular, Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a determination process 300 that may be performed by the processing module.

[0138] The determination process 300 here comprises a step 310 of broadcasting a backoff request over the first mesh network using the communication arrangement. The backoff request is a request for the at least one other network devices (and preferably each other network device) in the first mesh network to, at least temporarily, pause or prevent the performance of their own determination processes.

[0139] This allows the network device that broadcasts the backoff request to perform its determination process with reduced interference or congestion on the network.

[0140] The determination process 300 also comprises a step 320 of determining the relationship information using the communication arrangement.

[0141] In a first example, step 320 comprises using one or more wireless signals to determine an estimated distance (i.e., measure a distance) between the network device and each, if any, other network device in the first mesh network in range of the one or more wireless signals. Thus, in this scenario, the at least one other network device in the first mesh network may comprise each network device in the first mesh network that is within range of the one or more wireless signals.

[0142] In preferred implementations, all network devices in the first mesh network are in range of the one or more wireless signals. However the skilled person will recognize that, due to the inherent nature of mesh network topology, this may not be guaranteed (e.g., due to distance between network devices in the first mesh network and / or blocking elements between different network devices). Thus, the other network devices for which an estimated distance is identified in step 320 may comprise only those within a single hop of the network device.2024PF80395

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[0144] With reference to Figure 2, the processing module 220 may be configured to perform step 320 by controlling the communication arrangement 210 to transmit one or more wireless signals (e.g., using the antenna arrangement 211) and receive responses from other network devices in range. The processing module 220 may then analyze the received responses to estimate distances based on signal strength, time of flight, or other characteristics of the wireless signals.

[0145] For instance, step 320 may comprise using a Bluetooth® channel sounding technique to determine predict the distance between the network device and each, if any, other network device in the first mesh network in range of the one or more wireless signals.

[0146] A Bluetooth® channel sounding technique is a well-established mechanism for determining a distance between two Bluetooth® enabled devices. In brief, to perform the Bluetooth® channel sounding technique in performing step 320, the processing module 220 may be configured to use the communication arrangement (specifically via the antenna arrangement) to transmit a series of Bluetooth® (data) packets or tones across multiple frequency channels and analyze the received responses using a phase-based ranging technique or a return-time based mechanism. The analyzed responses are used to calculate the distance to each responding device. The phase-based ranging technique is considered more accurate or robust to multipath effects and / or interference.

[0147] It is possible to perform the Bluetooth® channel sounding technique using a single antenna. However, for improved quality and accuracy, two antennae may be employed, one for transmitting the Bluetooth® data packs and the other for receiving the response(s) thereto. Thus, in some examples, the communication arrangement 210 comprises an antenna arrangement 211 having at least two antennae for performing the Bluetooth® channel sounding technique. Where the antenna arrangement comprises a plurality of antennae for communicating using different communication protocols, the antenna arrangement may include at least two antennae for the Bluetooth® channel sounding technique and one or more further antennae for performing communication over any other communication protocol.

[0148] As another example, step 320 may comprise using a Wi-Fi® Round-Trip Time (RTT) technique to determine the distance between the network device and any other network device in the first mesh network. In this approach, the processing module may configure the communication arrangement to utilize Wi-Fi® signals for distance measurement.

[0149] The Wi-Fi® RTT technique, which is defined in more detail by the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards, typically comprises sending a ping signal to another network device and measuring the time it takes for the ping signal to return. By calculating the round-trip time and2024PF80395

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[0151] accounting for processing delays, step 320 is able to estimate the distance to the other network device with high accuracy.

[0152] In a similar manner to the Bluetooth® channel sounding technique, in some implementations, the Wi-Fi® RTT technique may use multiple frequency bands and multiple antennas to improve accuracy and reliability. Step 320 may comprise analyzing the timing information from different signals to calibrate the distance estimation and account for potential multipath effects or interference.

[0153] It will be appreciated that, in this first example, step 320 effectively determines the distance between the network device (performing step 320) and any other device in the first mesh network. This means that for a first mesh network of N network devices, then step 320 will determine (and store) N-l distances towards the other network device.

[0154] By ensuring that the distance measurement only takes place using one network device at a time, by way of the bypass message broadcast in step 310, this reduces any collisions between the messages that are being exchanged to measure the distance.

[0155] In a second example, step 320 comprises determining network information, indicating at least a number of network devices in the first mesh network.

[0156] A simple approach for performing step 320 for the second example comprises broadcasting a response request to (e.g., all) devices in the first mesh network. Each (e.g., other) network device in the first mesh network responds to the response request (e.g., with a device identifier). The number of responses may be counted or summed to identify the number of devices in the first mesh network.

[0157] In a more complex approach for performing step 320 for this second example, the network information comprises an identifier of any neighboring network device (in the first mesh network) to the network device. In particular, step 320 may comprise transmitting a response request to only neighboring network devices in the first mesh network and receiving a respective identifier from each neighboring network device.

[0158] In this context, a neighboring network device is any other network device (in the first mesh network) with which the network device is able to directly communicate over the first mesh network, i.e., without being routed by another network device in the first mesh network.

[0159] In another approach for performing step 320 for this second example, the network information comprises a network graph representing a topology of the first mesh network.2024PF80395

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[0161] A network graph may be generated in step 320 by transmitting a many-to-one route request (MTORR) to all devices within the first mesh network. Each network device that receives the MTORR will define or update a routing table to establish a path back to the originator of the MTORR. This process effectively creates a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with the initiating device at the root. After the MTORR propagation, each network device is the first mesh network may then send its local connectivity information (e.g., list of neighboring devices) back to the initiating network device using the established or defined routes. The network device collects this information from all network devices in the first mesh network, to construct a complete network graph representing the topology of the first mesh network. This complete network graph may take the form of a data structure that shows the interconnections between all network devices in the first mesh network.

[0162] To improve efficiency of collecting the topology information, network devices may use aggregation techniques, in which intermediate network devices combine information from their children before forwarding it up the DAG.

[0163] The determination process 300 may also comprise a step 330 of broadcasting a release message over the first mesh network. The release message indicates that the network device has completed its determination process and other network devices may resume their own processes. This release message allows for improved coordination among network devices in the first mesh network, ensuring that each network device has an opportunity to perform its determination process without interference.

[0164] In some variants, step 330 is omitted. This omission may be performed, for instance, where the backoff request indicates a request to pause / prevent performing the determination process for a predetermined or defined (e.g., in the backoff request) period of time. In such cases, other network devices may automatically resume their processes after the specified time period elapses, without the need for an explicit release message.

[0165] Figure 3 illustrates steps performed by a processing module in executing the determination process 300. These include steps of transmitting messages or requests (e.g., the backoff request, the release request and any request / signal emitted in step 320).

[0166] The skilled person will appreciate that the processing module and / or network device may also be appropriately configured to react and respond to any such request(s) from any other network device in the first mesh network. Thus, the processing module may be configured to not only send out requests but also listens for and responds to requests from other devices.2024PF80395

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[0168] Thus, the processing module may be configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process.

[0169] Similarly, the processing module may be configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process for at least a predetermined period of time.

[0170] In other examples, the processing module is configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process until the communication arrangement receives a release request from another network device.

[0171] The processing module may also be configured to respond to other forms of requests received over the first mesh network, such as many-to-one route requests (MTORRs) or response requests.

[0172] As another example, when receiving an MTORR from another network device, the processing module may update its routing table to establish a path back to the originator of the MTORR. This allows the network device to participate in the creation of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for efficient routing within the mesh network. After updating its routing table, the processing module may forward the MTORR to its neighboring devices, unless it is at the edge of the network. The processing module may then forward information or data to the originator of the MTORR (using the routing table), such as information including the device's identifier and / or a list of its neighboring devices.

[0173] In response to a response request, the processing module may generate and transmit a response message containing relevant information about the network device. This information may include the device's identifier, a list of its neighboring devices, or other pertinent data requested.

[0174] The processing module may also be configured to aggregate responses from other network devices (down the DAG) before forwarding them up the DAG. This aggregation process may involve combining information from multiple devices into a single message, which improves the efficiency of data collection across the network.

[0175] Figure 4 illustrates a computer-implemented method 400 for defining mesh networks for communication with one or more network devices. The computer-implemented method 400 is performed or carried out by a network device, such as that illustrated by Figure 2.2024PF80395

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[0177] The computer-implemented method 400 comprises a step 410 of storing default credential information. Step 410 may be performed by a communication arrangement, e.g., a first memory portion of a communication arrangement.

[0178] The default credential information stored in this step facilitates establishment or joining of the first mesh network without requiring any external configuration. As previously discussed, the default credential information may include a network identifier, encryption key, or other security parameters necessary for secure network communication. By storing this information in a first memory portion of the communication arrangement, the network device ensures that it has immediate access to the necessary credentials for connecting to the first mesh network as soon as it is powered on or initialized.

[0179] The computer-implemented method 400 also comprises a step 420 of connecting to or establishing a first mesh network using only the stored default credential information.

[0180] Step 420 may, for instance, comprise scanning for any available networks using the stored default credential information (e.g., the network identifier of the stored credential information). If an appropriate network is identified, the network device may use the stored credential information to authenticate itself and join the network. If no existing network is found that matches the default credentials, the network device may initiate the creation of a new mesh network using these credentials. This automatic connection process ensures that all devices with the same default credentials are able to form a shared first mesh network without manual configuration.

[0181] The computer-implemented method also comprises performing a determination process 300, using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network.

[0182] Appropriate approaches for performing determination process 300 have been previously disclosed, with reference to at least Figure 3, and are not repeated for the sake of conciseness.

[0183] The computer-implemented method 400 also comprises a step 430 of storing second credential information, different to the default credential information. The second credential information is definable or modifiable by an external commissioning device.

[0184] In particular, step 430 may comprise a sub-step 431 of connecting to the external commissioning device (ECD), e.g., over a communication channel, and a sub-step 432 of2024PF80395

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[0186] receiving (and storing) the second credential information from the external commissioning device.

[0187] Thus, the communication arrangement may be further configured to communicate with the external commissioning device over a communication channel. This communication channel may be separate to the first mesh network and the second mesh network.

[0188] Various approaches to performing sub-step 431 will be apparent to the skilled person.

[0189] In one example, sub-step 431 comprises initiating a connection request using a predefined communication protocol, such as Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) or Wi-Fi®. This connection request may comprise broadcasting an identifier or beacon signal that the external commissioning device is able detect.

[0190] For instance, the network device may enter a discoverable mode for a limited time after powering on or after an operator initiates a pairing process (e.g., by manual interaction with a button or the like), during which the beacon signal is broadcast. During this discoverable period, the external commissioning device may scan for and identify the network device.

[0191] Once the external commissioning device detects the network device, it may initiate a secure pairing process. This process may involve exchanging cryptographic keys or certificates to establish a trusted connection.

[0192] In this way, in performing sub-step 431, the communication arrangement may be configured to (initially) communicate with the external commissioning device to establish the communication channel to thereby produce third credential information, different to the default credential information and the second credential information. Subsequent communications with the external commissioning device (such as performed in sub-step 432) are performed over the communication channel using the third credential information.

[0193] Sub-step 432 may be embodied as a commissioning step in which the communication arrangement receives commissioning information (comprising at least the second credential information) from the external commissioning device.

[0194] The commissioning information may contain other information or data for storage or use by the network device, e.g., to initialize the network device. Example content for the commissioning information includes time information, schedule information, location information and so on.2024PF80395

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[0196] In some variants, the initial connection between the network device and the external commissioning may make use of the default credential information stored in the communication arrangement. This approach allows for a secure initial handshake between the network device and the external commissioning device without requiring pre-shared keys specific to the commissioning process.

[0197] Thus, in some embodiments, the communication arrangement is configured to, when initially communicating with the external commissioning device, establish the communication channel using at least the default credential information. Using the default credentials for initial commissioning communication ensures that only authorized devices are able to initiate the configuration process.

[0198] In some examples, the communication between the network device and the external commissioning device may be at least partially over the first mesh network. In this way, communication between the network device and the external commissioning device may utilize both the first mesh network and the communication channel. When utilizing the first mesh network for communication with the external commissioning device, another network device may act as a gateway or proxy between the external commissioning device and the network device.

[0199] Once connected, the external commissioning device may use a particular network device as an entry point to the first mesh network. This particular network device may then relay messages from the external commissioning device to other devices (i.e., including the network device) on the first mesh network using the established mesh routing protocols. Other network devices on the first mesh network may respond to these messages, sending their responses back through the mesh network to the initial network device, which then forwards them to the external commissioning device.

[0200] This allows for efficient commissioning of multiple devices in the network without requiring direct connections to each one.

[0201] When using another network device as a proxy in this way, the first mesh network may be employed for routing messages between network devices. The proxy network device may receive messages from the external commissioning device over the communication channel and then forward these messages through the first mesh network to the target network device. Similarly, responses from the network device may be routed back through the first mesh network to the proxy network device, which then relays them to the external commissioning device over the communication channel.2024PF80395

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[0203] To maintain security in communication, step 431 may implement a multilayered encryption approach. In particular, messages may be encrypted at the application layer using third credential information specific to the communication pathway between the external commissioning device and the network device. This end-to-end encryption ensures that even if intermediate devices in the first mesh network are able to read the routing information, they are unable access the message content.

[0204] By combining the routing capabilities of the first mesh network with the security features of the dedicated communication channel, secure commissioning of the network device is facilitated even when direct communication with the external communication device is not possible or practical.

[0205] The computer-implemented method 400 also comprises a step 440 of connecting to or establishing a second mesh network using the second credential information, when said second credential information is available. The second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network.

[0206] It is noted that the conditional nature of this step means that the network device is still able to function within the first mesh network even if they have not (yet) been configured for the second mesh network. This allows for the performance of the determination process before any of the network devices have been commissioned and / or during commissioning of the network device(s).

[0207] In method 400, the step 410 may be performed before power up 415 of the network device. In particular, the default credential information may be fixed data (e.g., factory-defined, hardcoded or read-only data) of the communication arrangement. This allows the first mesh network to be set up before commissioning by the external commissioning arrangement, e.g., to facilitate early performance of the determination process 300.

[0208] Thus, in some examples, step 420 and the determination process 300 may be performed responsive to (i.e., upon) power up or start up of the network device, e.g., without needing to connect to the external commissioning device. In other words, step 420 may be performed upon start up of the network device. Put another way, upon powering up or starting, the network device may immediately connect to or establish the first mesh network using only the pre-stored default credential information. This process occurs automatically, without any intervention or configuration from the external commissioning device.

[0209] Similarly, it will be appreciated that it may not be possible to perform steps 430 and 440 before (first) power up 415 of the network device.2024PF80395

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[0211] Figure 4 illustrates some further optional steps of method 400, which are hereafter described.

[0212] The method 400 may further comprise a step 440 of operating on the second mesh network. In particular, step 440 may comprise receiving, using the communication arrangement and over the second mesh network, one or more control requests from a control device connected to the second mesh network; and modifying one or more properties of the network device responsive to the one or more control requests.

[0213] With reference to Figure 2, step 440 may be performed by a control arrangement 230 of the network device 101. Thus, the network device 101 may comprise a control arrangement configured to perform step 440.

[0214] The control arrangement may be formed from at least a portion of a processing system 260 of the network device 101 and control logic that facilitates communication with and / or control over one or more other elements 270, 294 of the network device. Thus, the control arrangement may act as an intermediary between the communication arrangement (which receives any control request) and the functional elements of the network device.

[0215] The precise nature of the modification to the property / ies of the network device will, of course, depend upon the nature of the control request(s) and / or the capabilities of the network device.

[0216] By way of example, the network device 101 may comprise a light source 270. In such examples, the control request may comprise a request to modify an intensity of the light source and the control arrangement 230 may respond accordingly. Other examples could include adjusting the color temperature of a smart light bulb, changing the angle or direction of a motorized security camera, modifying the temperature setpoint of a smart thermostat, or activating or deactivating specific sensors in a multi-sensor device.

[0217] The control arrangement 230 may therefore be configured to control the operation of one or more other elements 270, 294 of the network device (such as a light source 260), communicate with the communication arrangement to receive (and subsequently process) any control requests received over the second mesh network, wherein the control of the operation of the one or more other elements 270, 294 is responsive to any received control request.

[0218] In some examples, the network device 101 comprises a control memory portion 294, which is configured to store the value(s) for one or more modifiable properties of the network device (e.g., light source intensity, color, angle and so on). The control memory portion may form part of the memory 290. The control arrangement 230 may update the stored2024PF80395

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[0220] value(s) for the network device responsive to any control requests, and control the (controllable) elements 270, such as the light source, responsive to the stored value(s).

[0221] In this way, unlike the first mesh network, which is used for initial connectivity and determination of relationship information (and potentially network-wide communications or instructions), the second mesh network may be designed for ongoing operational control.

[0222] The separation or distinction of the second mesh network from the first allows for enhanced security and efficiency. Operational control commands are isolated from the broader network used for device discovery and relationship mapping, potentially reducing network traffic and improving response times for control functions.

[0223] Turning back to Figure 4, in some examples, the method 400 further comprises a step 460 of passing relationship information to the external commissioning device. This can only be performed once connected to the external commissioning device (e.g., directly or via the first mesh network). Thus, the method 400 may comprise a step 455 of determining whether or not the network device is connected to the external commissioning device, and only performing step 460 when a positive determination is made (i.e., the network device is connected to the external commissioning device).

[0224] In some examples, the first mesh network may be deconstructed after relationship information is obtained by all network devices of the first mesh network, e.g., through a coordinated process. In some cases, this deconstruction may occur when no backoff request has been received for a predetermined period of time.

[0225] By way of example, the / each network device may implement a timer mechanism to track the period since the last backoff request was received. When this timer exceeds a predetermined threshold, it may trigger the deconstruction process. An example approach for performing a deconstruction of a first mesh network is hereafter described for the sake of clarity.

[0226] To initiate the deconstruction, a network device may broadcast a deconstruction proposal message over the first mesh network. This message may include a proposed time for deconstruction, allowing other devices to prepare. Upon receiving the deconstruction proposal, each network device may respond with an acknowledgment if it has completed its determination process and has no pending operations on the first mesh network. If any device is still in the process of determination or has pending operations, it may respond with a rejection.

[0227] If all network devices acknowledge the deconstruction proposal, and no rejections are generated, the initiating network device may send a confirmation message with2024PF80395

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[0229] the finalized deconstruction time. At the specified time, all network devices may simultaneously disconnect from the first mesh network. This frees up the communication arrangement for performing other communications (e.g., over the second mesh network) with reduced latency and / or traffic, and clear their stored default credential information related to this network.

[0230] After deconstruction, network devices may rely solely on the second mesh network for ongoing inter-device communication and control functions.

[0231] It will be appreciated that deconstruction of the first mesh network it is not essential for the operation of the network device. In some variants, the network device may remain connected to the first mesh network, i.e., so as to connect to both the first mesh network and the second mesh network simultaneously. Advantageously this network may be used to periodically monitor for changes in the network resulting from new devices being installed.

[0232] Approaches for facilitating communications on multiple mesh networks are well known in the art.

[0233] For instance, the communication arrangement may comprise separate hardware components for each mesh network. For instance, the communication arrangement may comprise a respective antenna (or respective pair of antennae) for each mesh network.

[0234] As another example, the communication arrangement may comprise shared hardware components for communicating over multiple networks. For instance, the communication arrangement may comprise a shared antenna (or pair of antennae) for communicating over two (or more) mesh networks using a time-division multiplexing technique or by communicating in different frequency bands (e.g., different channels of a same communication protocol or different communication channels), i.e., effectively employing a frequency-division multiplexing technique.

[0235] An ongoing connection to the first mesh network may be useful for broadcasting global messages (such as updates, alerts, or commands) to all network devices. Maintenance of the first mesh network also facilitates reconfiguration of any network device, allowing an operator to adjust the behavior or properties of individual network devices without needing to re-establish the initial network connection.

[0236] As a further example, the first mesh network may serve as a backup communication channel. If the second mesh network experiences issues or becomes temporarily unavailable, a network device may fall back to the first mesh network to maintain basic connectivity and functionality between network devices.2024PF80395

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[0238] In some examples, the network device may be configured to restrict the type of information transmitted or transmittable over the first mesh network. This restriction helps to enhance security and efficiency of the overall network by limiting the first mesh network's functionality to specific purposes.

[0239] For instance, the information transmitted over the first mesh network may be restricted to only relationship information, and optionally secure data for establishing a secure communication path. This approach may ensure that potentially sensitive operational data is not exposed on the first mesh network (which is secured only be default credential information).

[0240] For relationship information, the network device may be configured to only transmit data related to its position, connectivity, or network topology over the first mesh network. This may include distance measurements to other devices, signal strength information, or data used to construct the network graph.

[0241] For secure data, the network device may be limited to transmitting only the necessary information for setting up the second mesh network (and only when necessary), end-to-end encryption, or a direct connection. This may include encrypted key exchange messages, network configuration parameters, or authentication data.

[0242] In this way, the first mesh network functions primarily as an infrastructure for relationship mapping, and optionally secure channel establishment. This approach may help segregate the more sensitive operational data and control commands to the second mesh network or other secure communication channels.

[0243] Alternatively, application level end-to-end encryption may be employed for communications over the first mesh network, whereby messages are passed over the first mesh network, secured with end-to-end encryption, that uses key information exchanged over the second mesh network.

[0244] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 performed by the external commissioning device, for improved contextual understanding. The external commissioning device is designed for commissioning the network devices of the first network, and may employ relationship information in order to improve the order or sequence in which network devices are to be commissioned.

[0245] The method 500 comprises a step 510 of connecting to the network device (ND). This may be performed using a direction communication with the network device or via one or more proxy network devices over the mesh network, examples of which have been previously disclosed.2024PF80395

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[0247] The method 500 also comprises a step 520 of commissioning the network device, which comprises sending the second credential information to the network device.

[0248] The method 500 may also comprise a step 530 of receiving relationship information from the network device.

[0249] In some examples, step 530 may comprise reconstructing a network graph or network topology using distance information received as part of the relationship information. Where the relationship information includes distances between network devices, the external commissioning device may use this data to create a spatial representation of the network.

[0250] The reconstruction process may involve using one or more algorithms to convert the distance measurements into a set of coordinates for each network device. These coordinates may represent the relative positions of the devices within the network.

[0251] Step 510 to 530 may be repeated for different network devices, represented by a dashed line in Figure 5. In this way, the external commissioning device may receive relationship information from a plurality of network devices in the first mesh network.

[0252] In some examples in which steps 510, 520 and 530 are iteratively repeated, the method 500 may comprise a step 535 of combining relationship information received from a plurality of network devices to produce combined relationship information. This combined relationship information may, for instance, identify positional relationships between all known or available network devices in the first mesh network, which may comprise all the network devices in the first mesh network.

[0253] By way of example, step 535 may comprise generating, as combined information, tabular information indicating distances between different network devices by aggregating and organizing distance measurements, from different instances of relationship data, to form tabular information (e.g., a distance matrix). It will be clear that as each network device performs its determination process, it may generate distance measurements to other devices (e.g., within its range). These individual measurements can be combined by the external processing device in step 535 to form the distance matrix.

[0254] Thus, the external commissioning device may receive (from multiple iterations of step 530) relationship information from multiple network devices and use this relationship information to populate the distance matrix, forming the tabular information. Initially, the matrix may be sparse, with only some cells filled based on direct measurements. As more relationship information is received, additional cells in the distance matrix can be populated.

[0255] In cases where direct measurements between two network devices are not available, the external commissioning device may employ triangulation techniques, or similar,2024PF80395

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[0257] to estimate missing distances. By using known distances between pairs of network devices, it may be possible to calculate or approximate the distance between network devices that have not directly measured their separation.

[0258] As new measurements become available or as network devices are added to or removed from the network, the tabular information (e.g., the distance matrix) may be updated dynamically.

[0259] In some examples, step 535 may comprise constructing a full network topology based on relationship information received from multiple network devices. This approach may be particularly useful when individual network devices have incomplete information about the entire network.

[0260] For instance, where the relationship information comprises distance measurements from the network device to some other network devices in the first mesh network (but does not include all distances to all other network devices), then each set of distance information from different network devices may be used to create partial reconstructions of the network topology. These partial reconstructions may then be combined or "stitched" together to create a full reconstruction of the network topology.

[0261] The external commissioning device may employ various algorithms to combine the partial reconstructions. For example, it may use triangulation techniques to determine the relative positions of devices based on multiple distance measurements. Where there are overlapping measurements between partial reconstructions, these may be used as reference points to align and merge the partial topologies.

[0262] The method 500 may comprise a step 540 of determining a next network device for commissioning responsive to the relationship information, e.g., the combined relationship information produced in step 535. The precise approach performed in step 540 may be dependent upon the nature or content of the (combined) relationship information.

[0263] For instance, if the (combined) relationship information includes distance measurements between devices, step 540 may comprise selecting the closest (uncommissioned) device as the next to commission.

[0264] As another example, if the (combined) relationship information contains a network topology, step 540 may comprise choosing to commission further network devices in a breadth-first or depth-first manner through the network graph.

[0265] In some examples, the external commissioning device may use a combination of different data elements of the (combined) relationship information, such as both distance and network topology, to determine an appropriate order for commissioning devices. This2024PF80395

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[0267] approach may allow for efficient and logical progression through the network during the commissioning process.

[0268] In some examples, the method 500 further comprises a step 550 of controlling a user interface (of the external commissioning device) to provide a visual representation of the next network device to commission, as determined in step 540.

[0269] This visual representation provided by the user interface helps to guide the operator in performing the commissioning by indicating which network device should be addressed next. The visual representation may take various forms, such as highlighting the next device on a floor plan, displaying a list of devices with the next one emphasized, or providing an identifier of the next network device.

[0270] The visual representation may also incorporate information from the relationship information. For example, it might show the physical location of or distance to the next network device relative to the current one based on distance measurements, or it could display the device's position within the network topology. This contextual information may further assist the user in identifying and locating the correct device for commissioning.

[0271] The skilled person would be readily capable of producing or designing an external commissioning device capable of performing the method 500 (and its optional acts / steps). Thus, there is also provided an external commissioning device configured to perform method 500.

[0272] By way of example, there is provided an external commissioning device comprising a communication module configured to communicatively connect to one or more network devices (e.g., using any suitable various wireless protocol, such as Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®). The communication module may be configured to allow the external commissioning device to establish connections with network devices and send commissioning information including second credential information.

[0273] The external commissioning device also includes a processing module configured to execute the acts or steps of the method 500. Thus, the processing unit may handle tasks such as managing communication protocols, processing received relationship information, reconstructing network graphs or topologies, combining relationship information from multiple devices, and determining the next device to commission. Thus, there is proposed an external commissioning device for commissioning network devices in a first mesh network, the external commissioning device comprising: a communication module configured to: connect to a network device in the first mesh network; send (at least the) second credential2024PF80395

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[0275] information to the network device for commissioning; and receive relationship information from the network device.

[0276] The external commissioning device may further comprise a processing module for controlling the operation of the communication module.

[0277] The processing module may be further configured to combine relationship information received from a plurality of network devices to produce combined relationship information.

[0278] In some examples, the processing module is configured to determine a next network device for commissioning responsive to the relationship information and / or the combined relationship information.

[0279] The skilled person will appreciate how the elements of the proposed external commissioning device can be appropriately modified to perform the relevant act / steps of method 500.

[0280] Proposed embodiments make use of one or more processing systems and / or processing modules.

[0281] The processing system / module can be implemented in numerous ways, with software and / or hardware, to perform the various functions required. A processor is one example of a processing system / module which employs one or more microprocessors that may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the required functions. A processing system / module may however be implemented with or without employing a processor, and also may be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions.

[0282] Examples of processing system / module components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0283] In various implementations, a processor or processing system / module may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. The storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and / or processing system / modules, perform the required functions. Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or processing system / module or may be transportable, such that the one or more programs stored thereon can be loaded into a processor or processing system / module.2024PF80395

[0284] 33

[0285] It will be understood that disclosed methods are preferably computer-implemented methods. As such, there is also proposed the concept of a computer program comprising code means for implementing any described method when said program is run on a processing system / module, such as a computer. Thus, different portions, lines or blocks of code of a computer program according to an embodiment may be executed by a processing system / module or computer to perform any herein described method.

[0286] There is also proposed a non-transitory storage medium that stores or carries a computer program or computer code that, when executed by a processing system / module, causes the processing system / module to carry out any herein described method.

[0287] In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block diagram(s) or flow chart(s) may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0288] Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0289] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. If the term "adapted to" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "adapted to" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to". If the term "arrangement" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "arrangement" is intended to be equivalent to the term "system", and vice versa. If the term “step” is used in the claims or description, it is noted that the term “step” is intended to be equivalent to the term “act” and vice versa.

[0290] A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. If a computer program is discussed above, it may be stored / distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.

[0291] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

2024PF8039534CLAIMS:

1. A network device (101) for communicating over a plurality of mesh networks (120, 121, 122), the network device comprising:a communication arrangement (210) configured to:store (410) default credential information (221) comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to a first mesh network;connect to (420) or establish the first mesh network (120) using only the stored default credential information;store (430) second credential information (222), different to the default credential information, wherein the second credential information is definable or modifiable by an external commissioning device; andconnect to (440) or establish a second mesh network (121) using the second credential information, when said second credential information is available, wherein the second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network, the second credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to the second mesh network;a processing module (220) configured to perform a determination process (300), using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh network,whereinall network devices in the first mesh network have the default credential information and the default credential information is defined during manufacture and subsequently unmodifiable when passed on from the manufacturer or read-only andthe communication arrangement is configured to connect to or establish the first mesh network upon start up (415) of the network device.

2. The network device of claim 1, wherein the processing module is configured to communicate, using the communication arrangement over the first mesh network, with the at2024PF8039535least one other network device in the first mesh network to co-ordinate a time period for performing the determination process.

3. The network device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the determination process comprises using one or more wireless signals to determine, as a portion of the relationship information, an estimated distance between the network device and each, if any, other network device in the first mesh network in range of the one or more wireless signals.

4. The network device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the communication arrangement is further configured to communicate with the external commissioning device over a communication channel, which communication channel is separate to the first mesh network and the second mesh network.

5. The network device of claim 4, wherein the communication arrangement is configured to:initially communicate with the external commissioning device to establish the communication channel to thereby produce third credential information, different to the default credential information and the second credential information; andsubsequently communicate with the external commissioning device over the communication channel using the third credential information.

6. The network device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the determination process comprises:broadcasting (310) a backoff request over the first mesh network using the communication arrangement; andafter broadcasting the backoff request, determining (320) the relationship information.

7. The network device of claim 6, wherein the processing module is configured to, responsive to receiving any backoff request from any other network device on the first mesh network, pause or prevent the performance of the determination process.2024PF80395368. The network device of claim 6 or 7, wherein the determination process further, after determining the relationship agreement, broadcasting a release request (330) over the first mesh network using the communication arrangement.

9. The network device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the determination process comprises communicating, using the communication arrangement and over the first mesh network, with the at least one other network device over the first mesh network to generate, as a portion of the relationship information, network information that indicates at least a number of network devices in the first mesh network.

10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the network information comprises a network graph representing a topology of the first mesh network.

11. The network device of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a control arrangement (230) configured to:receive, using the communication arrangement and over the second mesh network, one or more control requests from a control device connected to the second mesh network; andmodify one or more properties of the network device responsive to the one or more control requests.

12. The network device of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the network device is a luminaire comprising a light source (270) for emitting light.

13. A collection of devices for forming a network, the collection of devices comprising:a plurality of network devices (101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107) according to any one of claims 1 to 12; andthe external commissioning device (110) configured to communicate with at least one of the plurality of network devices.

14. A computer-implemented method (400) for defining mesh networks (120, 121, 122) for communication with one or more network devices, the computer-implemented method comprising:2024PF8039537storing (410) default credential information in the one or more network devices, the default credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to a first mesh network;connecting to (420) or establishing the first mesh network using only the stored default credential information;storing (430) second credential information in network devices of a second mesh network, the second credential information different to the default credential information, wherein the second credential information is definable or modifiable by an external commissioning device; andconnecting to (440) or establishing the second mesh network using the second credential information, when said second credential information is available, wherein the second mesh network comprises a subset of all network devices on the first mesh network, the second credential information comprising one or more security parameters necessary for establishing a connection to the second mesh network;performing a determination process (300), using the first mesh network, to determine relationship information indicating a positional relationship and / or topological relationship between the network device and at least one other network device in the first mesh networkwhereinall network devices in the first mesh network have the default credential information and the default credential information is defined during manufacture and subsequently unmodifiable when passed on from the manufacturer or read-only andthe communication arrangement is configured to connect to or establish the first mesh network upon start up (415) of the network device.

15. The method (400) of claim 14, further comprising:coordinating a time period for the network device of the first mesh network for performing the determination process.

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