Integrated sensing and communication
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078335
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2025078335_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INTEGRATED SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to methods, devices and computer storage media for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Many new emerging businesses require sensing capability to provide accurate and timely services. However, traditional radar technology is high cost to deploy and not flexible enough to extent to current diverse services. ISAC has been proposed to provide high quality services. With the ISAC, a network or user equipment (UE) may have capability to sense their surroundings and exchange their observations through communication. Currently, implementation of timing advance for sensing is still incomplete and needs to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media for timing advance for sensing.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first device to: determine a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device; and transmit, to the second device, timing advance information for the sensing operation comprising at least one of the following: the timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of a radio access network (RAN) device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, timing advance information for a sensing operation of the second device comprising at least one of the following: a timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of an RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value; and adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information; receive sensing group or area information from the first device; and in accordance with a determination that no target object is sensed, transmit, to the first device, second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method performed at a first device. The method comprises: determining a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device; and transmitting, to the second device, timing advance information for the sensing operation comprising at least one of the following: the timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of an RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method performed at a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, timing advance information for a sensing operation of the second device comprising at least one of the following: a timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of an RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value; and adjusting a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method performed at a second device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first device, first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information; receiving sensing group or area information from the first device; and in accordance with a determination that no target object is sensed, transmitting, to the first device, second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fourth to sixth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of sensing modes in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process of timing advance for sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process of timing advance for RAN device sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process of timing advance for terminal device sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process of sensing failure reporting according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method performed at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method performed at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method performed at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, UE, personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0027] The term ‘network device’ herein may refer to a core network (CN) device or a radio access network (RAN) device. The term ‘CN device’ refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF) , network exposure function (NEF) , authentication server function (AUSF) , unified data management (UDM) , session management function (SMF) , user plane function (UPF) , a location management function (LMF) , a sensing function (SF) , etc. In other embodiments, the CN device may be any other suitable device or entity providing any other suitable functionalities. For example, the CN device may be an A-IoT management node.
[0028] As used herein, the term ‘RAN device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a RAN device include, but not limited to, a satellite, an unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0029] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0030] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0031] The network device may have the function of network energy saving (NES) , SON or minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0033] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0034] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. The term ‘and / or’ indicates that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, the term ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . The term ‘a set of’ may be interchangeably used with ‘one or more’ . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0035] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0036] For convenience, in the following description, the term ‘sensing signal’ refers to a radio frequency (RF) signal used for a sensing service, and the term ‘wireless signal’ refers to an RF signal used for a communication service.
[0037] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘sensing operation’ may refer to a functionality to get information about characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g. shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distance or relative motion between objects, etc. ) using new radio (NR) RF signals and, in some cases, previously defined information available in evolved packet core (EPC) and / or evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) .
[0038] The term ‘sensing transmitter’ herein may be an entity that sends out a sensing signal which a sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter may be a RAN device (e.g., an NR RAN node) or a terminal device. The term ‘sensing receiver’ herein may be an entity that receives a sensing signal which a sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver may be a RAN device (e.g., an NR RAN node) or a terminal device. The sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different entity as the sensing receiver.
[0039] For a sensing transmitter, a sensing signal may be a wireless signal sent by the sensing transmitter, such as a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a positioning reference signal (PRS) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , preamble or any other suitable signals sent by the sensing transmitter. For a sensing receiver, a sensing signal may be a directly received or the impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted or diffracted) wireless signal received by the sensing receiver.
[0040] In the context of the present disclosure, a sensing resource may be used to transmit or receive a sensing signal. A sensing resource set may contain one or more sensing resources. A sensing resource set may be used for a specific function. For example, a network device or a terminal device may scan a specific area periodically, and each area may respond to a sensing resource set. The sensing operation may include at least of the following: transmitting sensing signals on sensing resources / sensing resource sets; receiving sensing signals on sensing resources / sensing resource sets; or reporting sensing measurement data or sensing result.
[0041] In the context of the present disclosure, a sensing function (SF) may manage support of different sensing services for target objects or sensing devices, including a sensing of sensing devices and delivery of assistance data to sensing devices. The SF may be a sensing module in a CN.
[0042] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘sensing device’ may refer to a terminal device (also referred to as a sensing terminal device) or a RAN device (also referred to as a sensing RAN device, e.g., a sensing TRP) serving as a sensing transmitter or receiver.
[0043] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘sensing BWP’ may be used for a sensing operation or a transmission / reception of a sensing signal. Sensing BWP may be a BWP configured with sensing resources or a BWP used for sensing only. Sensing BWP may also be a part of frequency domain resources, or a channel / sub-channel used for sensing. Sensing BWP may be overlapped with communication / data BWP. The term ‘communication BWP’ or ‘data BWP’ may be used for a transmission or reception of a data or control signaling, for example, an existing or future BWP except sensing BWP. Switching between sensing BWP and data BWP may also refer to a switching between resources used for sensing and resources used for data transmission. The term ‘BWP’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘resource’ or ‘resource set’ .
[0044] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘timing advance for data’ may be interchangeably used with ‘timing advance for communication’ . The term ‘gNB-based’ may be interchangeably used with ‘BS-based’ or ‘TRP-based’ .
[0045] Generally, in wireless communication, a distance between a transmitter and a receiver may cause propagation delay of a signal. If timing advance is not set, the receiver may sample and process the signal at a wrong time point, resulting in incorrect or incomplete signal reception. Timing advance can precisely adjust arrival time of the signal, ensuring that each symbol is received within a correct time interval and avoiding interference between adjacent symbols, thereby improving accuracy and reliability of signal transmission. Similarly, timing advance for a sensing signal also needs to be introduced to adjust arrival time of the sensing signal.
[0046] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions related to timing advance for sensing so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. In one aspect, a first device may determine a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device, and transmit timing advance information for the sensing operation to the second device. The timing advance information may comprise at least one of the following: the timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of an RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value. The second device may adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information. In this way, timing advance for sensing may be carried out.
[0047] In another aspect, a second device may transmit, to a first device, first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information. The second device may receive sensing group or area information from the first device. If no target object is sensed, the second device may transmit second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed. In this way, sensing failure may be detected and reported to the network.
[0048] In the context of the present disclosure, the first device may refer to a network device, e.g., a CN device or RAN device. The second device may refer to a sensing transmitter device, e.g., a RAN device or terminal device.
[0049] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include terminal devices 110 and 111, RAN devices 120 and 121, a CN device 130 and an object 140.
[0051] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 and / or 121 may have a central unit (CU) -distributed unit (DU) split architecture. In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 and / or 121 may have an integrated architecture. In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 and / or 121 may have mobile termination (MT) .
[0052] In some embodiments, each of the RAN devices 120 and 121 may provide one or more serving cells (not shown) to serve one or more terminal devices (e.g., the terminal devices 110 and / or 111) . In the example of FIG. 1, each of the terminal devices 110 and 111 may have sensing and communication functionalities (i.e., support ISAC) , and each of the RAN devices 120 and 121 may have sensing and communication functionalities (i.e., support ISAC) . In some embodiments, each of the terminal devices 110 and 111 may transmit a wireless signal to the RAN device 120 or 121, and / or receive a wireless signal from the RAN device 120 or 121.
[0053] In the example of FIG. 1, each of the terminal devices 110 and 111 may be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver or both. Each of the RAN devices 120 and 121 may also be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver or both. A sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal towards the object 140, and the object 140 may reflect or refract or diffract the sensing signal to a sensing receiver. The sensing receiver may receive or measure the sensing signal.
[0054] There may be various sensing modes. FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram 200 of sensing modes in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, FIG. 2 will be described in connection with the example of FIG. 1.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 2, in a sensing mode 201, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the RAN device 120, and received / measured by the RAN device 120 itself. In this case, the RAN device 120 serves as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 201 may also be referred to as gNB-based mono-static sensing herein.
[0056] In a sensing mode 202, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the RAN device 120, and received / measured by the RAN device 121. In this case, the RAN device 120 serves as a sensing transmitter and the RAN device 121 serves as a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 202 may also be referred to as gNB-based bi-static sensing herein.
[0057] In a sensing mode 203, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the RAN device 120, and received / measured by the terminal device 110. In this case, the RAN device 120 serves as a sensing transmitter and the terminal device 110 serves as a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 203 may also be referred to as gNB-to-UE-based sensing herein.
[0058] In a sensing mode 204, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the terminal device 110, and received / measured by the RAN device 120. In this case, the terminal device 110 serves as a sensing transmitter and the RAN device 120 serves as a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 204 may also be referred to as UE-to-gNB-based sensing herein.
[0059] In a sensing mode 205, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the terminal device 110, and received / measured by the terminal device 110 itself. In this case, the terminal device 110 serves as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 205 may also be referred to as UE-based mono-static sensing herein.
[0060] In a sensing mode 206, a sensing signal may be transmitted by the terminal device 110, and received / measured by the terminal device 111. In this case, the terminal device 110 serves as a sensing transmitter and the terminal device 111 serves as a sensing receiver. The sensing mode 206 may also be referred to as UE-based bi-static sensing herein.
[0061] It is to be noted that the above sensing modes 201 to 206 may be combined based on different scenarios, environments, and service requirements.
[0062] Refer back to FIG. 1, the CN device 130 may have a sensing function, e.g., the CN device 130 may be an SF. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 and / or 111 may communicate with the CN device 130 via the RAN device 120 and / or 121. The terminal device 110 and / or 111 may communicate with the RAN device 120 and / or 121 via a Uu interface. The RAN device 120 and / or 121 may communicate with the CN device 130 via an Ng interface.
[0063] The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0064] It is to be understood that the number of devices and / or objects in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of RAN devices and / or terminal devices and / or CN devices and / or objects adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF TIMING ADVANCE FOR SENSING
[0065] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication to support timing advance for sensing. The detailed description will be made with reference to FIG. 3 below.
[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 300 of timing advance for sensing according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve a first device 301 and a second device 302. The first device 301 may be a network device such as a RAN device or CN device. The second device 302 may be a sensing device such as a terminal device or RAN device. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 310, the first device 301 may determine a timing advance (TA) value for a sensing operation of the second device 302.
[0068] In some embodiments, the first device 301 may derive the TA value based on information of the first device 301 and the second device 302. In some embodiments, the information of the first device 301 and the second device 302 may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between the first device 301 and the second device 302; locations of the first device 301 and the second device 302; heights of the first device 301 and the second device 302; or beam or path information of a sensing signal between the first device 301 and the second device 302. It is to be noted that any other suitable information of the first and second devices may also be feasible.
[0069] In some embodiments where the first device 301 is a RAN device, the first device 301 may derive the TA value based on a measurement on a signal received from the second device 302.
[0070] In some embodiments, TA for data transmission may also be applied to sensing transmission. Alternatively, TA for sensing transmission may also be applied to data transmission.
[0071] At step 320, the first device 301 may transmit TA information for the sensing operation to the second device 302. Accordingly, the second device 302 may receive the TA information from the first device 301.
[0072] In some embodiments, the TA information may be per timing advance group (TAG) . In some embodiments, the TA information may be per network node (i.e., RAN device) . In some embodiments, the TA information may be per cell. In some embodiments, the TA information may be per sensing group or area.
[0073] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise the TA value. For example, the TA information may comprise a field Timing Advance. This field indicates the value of TA used to control the amount of timing adjustment that to be applied.
[0074] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise an identity (ID) of a TAG. For example, the TA information may comprise a field TAG ID. This field indicates a TAG identity of an addressed TAG.
[0075] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise an ID of a RAN device. For example, the TA information may comprise a field Node ID. This field indicates an identity of a RAN device (e.g., base station (BS) ) .
[0076] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise an ID of a cell. For example, the TA information may comprise a field Cell ID. This field indicates an identity of a cell.
[0077] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise an ID of a sensing group or area. For example, the TA information may comprise a field Sensing Group / area ID. This field indicates an identity of a sensing group / area.
[0078] In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise a TA offset used to calculate the TA value. For example, in a multipath propagation environment, it is possible to consider delay of signals from one or more paths (e.g., reflected path) to calculate the TA value. When calculating the TA value, UE or BS may consider adding the TA offset (e.g., N_TA or N_TA_sensing plus TA offset) , e.g., to account for extra signal delay for the reflected path.
[0079] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above TA information may also be feasible.
[0080] At step 330, the second device 302 may adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the TA information. In other words, a corresponding adjustment of a sensing transmission timing applies when or after the reception of the TA information.
[0081] In some embodiments, the second device 302 may determine a timing reference cell for the sensing operation (i.e., for TA of sensing) , and adjust the timing of the sensing operation based on a signal from the timing reference cell.
[0082] In some embodiments, the first device 301 may transmit an indication of the timing reference cell to the second device 302. Based on the indication, the second device 302 may determine the timing reference cell. That is, the cell for timing reference of TA is explicitly indicated by the first device 301 to the second device 302.
[0083] In some embodiments, the second device 302 may determine the timing reference cell based on a primary cell (PCell) . In some embodiments, the second device 302 may determine the timing reference cell based on a primary secondary cell (PSCell) . In some embodiments, the second device 302 may determine the timing reference cell based on an activated secondary cell (SCell) , e.g., any of activated SCells.
[0084] In some embodiments, the second device 302 may determine the timing reference cell based on a timing reference cell for data transmission. That is, the timing reference cell for sensing is the same as the timing reference cell for data transmission.
[0085] As shown in step 340, the second device 302 may maintain the TA value. In some embodiments, if an indication of stopping or suspending the sensing operation is received (e.g., from an upper layer or another network device) , the second device 302 may maintain the TA value. In some embodiments, if the sensing operation is stopped or suspended (e.g., for other reasons) , the second device 302 may maintain the TA value.
[0086] With the process 300, timing advance for sensing may be carried out. It is to be noted that operations or steps in the process 300 may be carried out in any suitable combinations or orders and are not limited to the above examples.
[0087] In some embodiments, for gNB-based bi-static sensing (i.e., the sensing mode 202 as shown in FIG. 2) , a sensing signal may be transmitted by the RAN device 120, and received / measured by the RAN device 121. In this case, the first device 301 may be the RAN device 121 or the CN device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the second device 302 may be the RAN device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0088] In some embodiments, for UE-to-gNB-based sensing (i.e., the sensing mode 204 as shown in FIG. 2) , a sensing signal may be transmitted by the terminal device 110, and received / measured by the RAN device 120. In this case, the first device 301 may be the RAN device 120 or the CN device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the second device 302 may be the terminal device 110 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0089] For illustration, some example implementations in the sensing modes 202 and 204 will be described below in connection with FIGs. 4 and 5 respectively.
[0090] Generally, for the gNB-based bi-static sensing or combined sensing mode, a timing of a sensing signal transmission from a source RAN device (e.g., the RAN device 120) should be adjusted / configured in order to ensure that the sensing signal from the source RAN device can perfectly align with a reception window of another RAN device (e.g., the RAN device 121) . Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of timing advance for RAN device sensing. The solutions will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0091] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 400 of timing advance for RAN device sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the RAN devices 120, 121 and CN device 130. The process 400 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 300. The RAN device 121 or CN device 130 may correspond to the first device 301, and the RAN device 120 may correspond to the second device 302. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 4 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0092] As shown in step 410 of FIG. 4, the RAN device 121 (e.g., DU of the RAN device 121) may provide desired TA information for sensing to the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) .
[0093] In some embodiments, as shown in step 411, the RAN device 121 may receive a first signal from the RAN device 120. The first signal is used to derive TA for the RAN device 120. In some embodiments, the first signal may comprise a synchronization signal. In some embodiments, the first signal may comprise a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) . In some embodiments, the first signal may comprise a reference signal. In some embodiments, the first signal may comprise a sensing signal. It is to be noted that the first signal may be any suitable signals. The RAN device 121 may monitor and measure the first signal from the RAN device 120 to derive a TA value for the RAN device 120.
[0094] Alternatively, as shown in step 412, the RAN device 121 may derive the TA value based on information of the RAN devices 121 and 120. The information of the RAN devices 121 and 120 may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between the RAN devices 121 and 120; locations of the RAN devices 121 and 120; heights of the RAN devices 121 and 120; or beam or path information of a sensing signal between the RAN devices 121 and 120. It is to be noted that any other suitable information of the RAN devices 121 and 120 may also be feasible.
[0095] In some embodiments, TA for data transmission may also be applied to sensing transmission. Alternatively, TA for sensing transmission may also be applied to data transmission.
[0096] As shown in step 413, the RAN device 121 may determine TA information for sensing and transmit the TA information to the RAN device 120. In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise at least one of the following: a TA value, an ID of a TAG, an ID of a RAN device (e.g., the RAN device 120) , an identity of a cell, an ID of a sensing group or area, or a TA offset used to calculate the TA value. Other details of the TA information are similar as that described in the step 320, and thus not repeated here for conciseness.
[0097] In some embodiments, the RAN device 121 may indicate the TA information to the RAN device 120 via a control plane signaling. In some embodiments, the RAN device 121 may indicate the TA information to the RAN device 120 over Uu interface. For example, the RAN device 121 may indicate the TA information to the RAN device 120 via downlink control information (DCI) , medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , random access response (RAR) , message B (MsgB) , and / or radio resource control (RRC) signaling over the Uu interface.
[0098] Alternatively or additionally, as shown in step 420, the RAN device 120 may provide the TA information for sensing to the RAN device 121 via a TA reporting. In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 may derive its TA value based on the information of the RAN devices 121 and 120 as described in the step 412.
[0099] Alternatively or additionally, as shown in step 430, the CN device 130 (e.g., SF) may determine and provide the TA information for sensing to the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) . In some embodiments, the CN device 130 may derive the TA value for the RAN device 120 based on the information of the RAN devices 121 and 120 as described in the step 412.
[0100] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, at step 440, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the TA information. For example, the RAN device 120 may use the TA information to determine its transmit timing for sensing, for example, relative to observed receive / downlink timing of the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) .
[0101] In some embodiments, a timer (e.g., sensingTimeAlignmentTimer) (e.g., per TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area) may be introduced, which controls how long the RAN device 120 (or MT of RAN device 120) considers an uplink or transmit timing (e.g., for sensing) is aligned (e.g., for the TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area) . In some embodiments, the configuration of the timer may be received from the CN device 130 or other RAN device.
[0102] In some embodiments, if the timer is running, the RAN device 120 or layer 1 (L1) may consider that the RAN device 120 is synchronized. In some embodiments, if the timer is not running, the RAN device 120 or L1 may consider that the RAN device 120 is non-synchronized.
[0103] In some embodiments, if the TA information is received, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may start or restart the timer. In some embodiments, if an indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received, e.g., from the CN device 130, other RAN device (s) or upper layer, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may start or restart the timer.
[0104] In some embodiments, if an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, e.g., from the CN device 130, other RAN device (s) or upper layer, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may consider the timer as expired. In some embodiments, if the sensing operation is stopped, e.g., for other reasons, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may consider the timer as expired.
[0105] In some embodiments, if the timer expires, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: releasing or suspending the sensing operation; clearing or releasing or suspending a sensing signal or resource; transmitting, to the CN device 130 or other RAN device (s) , information indicating that the sensing operation is out of synchronization (e.g., via a control plane signaling) ; transmitting, to the CN device 130 or other RAN device (s) , information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable (e.g., via a control plane signaling) ; or maintaining the TA value, e.g., N_TA_sensing (e.g., for this TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area) .
[0106] In some embodiments, the TA value may be used to adjust the uplink frame timing (or sensing frame timing from the RAN device 120) relative to the downlink frame timing (based on the signal from the RAN device 121, e.g., synchronization signal, SSB, reference signal, sensing signal or other signals) .
[0107] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA value and a timing of a signal from the RAN device 121. In other words, N_TA_sensing is timing advance between downlink (e.g., based on the signal from the RAN device 121) and uplink (or sensing frame timing from the RAN device 120) .
[0108] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA value and a timing of a signal from the RAN device 120. In other words, N_TA_sensing is timing advance between downlink frame timing of the RAN device 120 and sensing frame timing from the RAN device 120.
[0109] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA offset, the TA value and the timing of the signal from the RAN device 121. In other words, the CN device 130 or the RAN device 121 may indicate an offset to the RAN device 120, which is the offset between downlink (or data) frame timing of the RAN device 121 and sensing frame timing of the RAN device 120. The RAN device 120 may transmit the sensing signal based on the offset and the downlink (or data) frame timing of the RAN device 121.
[0110] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA offset, the TA value and the timing of the signal from the RAN device 120. In other words, the CN device 130 or the RAN device 121 may indicate an offset to the RAN device 120, which is the offset between downlink (or data) frame timing of the RAN device 120 and sensing frame timing of the RAN device 120. The RAN device 120 may transmit the sensing signal based on the offset and the downlink (or data) frame timing of the RAN device 120.
[0111] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the TA value. In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 (e.g., MT of the RAN device 120) may determine the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the TA value and a further TA offset. For example, a basic N_TA or N_TA_Sensing may be configured or provided to the RAN device 120, which may be determined based on the direct path. Furthermore, a TA offset may be provided to the RAN device 120, which may be used to account for extra signal delay for the reflected path.
[0112] So far, solutions of timing advance for RAN device sensing are described in connection with the process 400. With the process 400, synchronization for gNB-based bi-static sensing may be ensured. A RAN device may monitor / receive a signal (e.g., synchronization signal / SSB, reference signal or other signal) from another RAN device to derive a TA value. The TA value may be indicated by a CN device or exchanged between the RAN devices. Thus, timing advance for sensing signal transmission from a RAN device may be maintained, and interference of a sensing signal and a communication signal may be reduced.
[0113] It is to be noted that operations or steps in the process 400 may be carried out in any suitable combinations or orders and are not limited to the above examples. Although the TA for sensing is described in the process 400, operations in the process 400 may also be applied to the TA for data, e.g., by interchanging the TA for sensing to the TA for data. Other details are similar as that in the process 300, and are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0114] In the other hand, a terminal device in an RRC idle state may perform a sensing operation, for example, transmitting uplink sensing signal. In this case, the terminal device may need to maintain and / or update timing advance to guarantee uplink synchronization for sensing. The terminal device may transition from the RRC idle state to an RRC connected state when there is data (e.g., sensing result) to be reported. Further, a sensing device (e.g., UE or BS) may be stationary, so timing advance may not be updated frequently. In this case, the timing advance may be indicated via a control plane signaling, e.g., RRC signaling.
[0115] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of timing advance for terminal device sensing. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 5 below.
[0116] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 500 of timing advance for terminal device sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110, the RAN device 120, and CN device 130. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 300. The RAN device 120 or CN device 130 may correspond to the first device 301, and the terminal device 110 may correspond to the second device 302. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 5 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. The terminal device 110 may be in an RRC idle or inactive or connected state.
[0117] As shown in step 510 of FIG. 5, the RAN device 120 may provide desired TA information for sensing to the terminal device 110.
[0118] In some embodiments, as shown in step 511, the RAN device 120 may receive a second signal from the terminal device 110. The second signal is used to derive TA for the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the second signal may comprise a reference signal. In some embodiments, the second signal may comprise a sensing signal. In some embodiments, the second signal may comprise a preamble. It is to be noted that the second signal may be any suitable signals. The RAN device 120 may monitor and measure the second signal from the terminal device 110 to derive a TA value for the terminal device 110.
[0119] Alternatively, as shown in step 512, the RAN device 120 may derive the TA value based on information of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110. The information of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110 may comprise at least one of the following: a distance between the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110; locations of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110; heights of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110; or beam or path information of a sensing signal between the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110. It is to be noted that any other suitable information of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110 may also be feasible.
[0120] As shown in step 513, the RAN device 120 may determine TA information for sensing and transmit the TA information to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the TA information may comprise at least one of the following: a TA value, an ID of a TAG, an ID of a RAN device (e.g., the RAN device 120) , an identity of a cell, an ID of a sensing group or area, or a TA offset used to calculate the TA value. Other details of the TA information are similar as that described in the step 320, and thus not repeated here for conciseness.
[0121] In some embodiments, the RAN device 120 may indicate the TA information to the terminal device 110 over Uu interface. For example, the RAN device 120 may indicate the TA information to the terminal device 110 via DCI, MAC CE, RAR, MsgB, and / or RRC signaling over the Uu interface.
[0122] Alternatively or additionally, as shown in step 520, the CN device 130 (e.g., SF) may determine and provide the TA information for sensing to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the CN device 130 may derive the TA value for the terminal device 110 based on the information of the RAN device 120 and the terminal device 110 as described in the step 512.
[0123] Continuing to refer to FIG. 5, at step 530, the terminal device 110 may adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the TA information. For example, the terminal device 110 may use the TA information to determine its uplink timing for sensing, for example, relative to observed receive / downlink timing of the terminal device 110.
[0124] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA value for sensing or a TA value for data transmission. In some embodiments, the TA value for sensing may be the same as the TA value for data transmission. In some embodiments, the TA value for sensing may be different from the TA value for data transmission.
[0125] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA value for data transmission and the TA offset. In other words, the TA value for sensing may be the TA value for data transmission plus a TA offset for sensing.
[0126] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the timing of the sensing operation based on the TA value for the sensing operation and the TA offset. In other words, the TA value for sensing may be a TA value for sensing plus a TA offset for sensing. In some embodiments, the TA offset may be configured by the network.
[0127] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the TA value. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the TA value and a further TA offset. For example, a basic N_TA or N_TA_Sensing may be configured or provided to the terminal device 110, which may be determined based on the direct path. Furthermore, a TA offset may be provided to the terminal device 110, which may be used to account for extra signal delay for the reflected path.
[0128] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may apply the timing of the sensing operation based on a time offset to a reference timing. In other words, there may be a time offset used to determine when to apply TA for sensing. In some embodiments, the reference timing may be a timing of reception of the TA information. For example, the terminal device 110 may apply the timing of the sensing operation since the time offset elapses after the reception of the TA information. It is to be noted that any other suitable reference timing may also be feasible.
[0129] In some embodiments, a timer (e.g., sensingTimeAlignmentTimer) (e.g., per TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area, or sensing validity area) may be introduced or TA timer for data may be reused, which controls how long the terminal device 110 (e.g., in an RRC idle or inactive or connected state) considers an uplink or transmit timing (e.g., for sensing) is aligned (e.g., for the TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area, or sensing validity area) .
[0130] In some embodiments, if the timer is running, the terminal device 110 (e.g., a MAC entity of the terminal device 110) may consider that the TA value for sensing to be valid.
[0131] In some embodiments, when the TA information is received or the terminal device 110 is switched to a sensing BWP, the terminal device 110 may start or restart the timer. In some embodiments, when an indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received, e.g., from the CN device 130, RAN device or upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) , the terminal device 110 may start or restart the timer.
[0132] In some embodiments, when an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, e.g., from the CN device 130, RAN device or upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) , the terminal device 110 may consider the timer as expired. In some embodiments, if the sensing operation is stopped, e.g., for other reasons, the terminal device 110 may consider the timer as expired.
[0133] In some embodiments, if the timer expires or the terminal device 110 is out of synchronization, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: releasing or suspending the sensing operation; notifying an upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) to clear or release or suspend a sensing signal or resource; transmitting, to the CN device 130 or RAN device 120, information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable; or maintaining the TA value, e.g., N_TA or N_TA_sensing (e.g., for this TAG / node / cell / sensing group / area, or sensing validity area) .
[0134] In some embodiments, the timing advance value and / or timing advance offset value for the sensing operation is indicated from a source cell to a target cell during a handover. For example, during the handover, the source cell may indicate a timing advance command / value and / or timing advance offset value for sensing to the target cell.
[0135] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may use the timing advance value and / or timing advance offset value for sensing at the target cell, which indicated by RRC signaling (e.g., RRCReconfiguration from the source cell) or the CN device 130. In some embodiments, e.g., during random access channel (RACH) -less handover or layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) , the terminal device 110 may use the same TA value for sensing at the target cell as in the source cell or TA value of 0.
[0136] In some embodiments, a TA timer for sensing in an RRC idle state may be introduced. The TA timer (e.g., idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer) for TA maintenance for uplink sensing signal transmission in an RRC idle state may be configured via RRC signaling (e.g., from the RAN device 120 to the terminal device 110) . The TA timer (e.g., idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer) controls how long the MAC entity considers the sensing signal transmission in an RRC idle state to be uplink time aligned. In some embodiments, the TA timer may be associated with a cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area. In some embodiments, if there is an ongoing sensing signal transmission in an RRC idle state, the terminal device 110 may start or restart the TA timer.
[0137] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below. 1> when a Timing Advance information is received, and if an NTA (i.e., Timing advance between downlink and uplink) has been maintained (e.g., for the indicated cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) : 2> apply the Timing Advance Command (e.g., for the indicated cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) ; 2> if there is ongoing sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE: 3> start or restart the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer (e.g., associated with the indicated cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) . ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1> when the indication is received from upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) for stopping the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer: 2> stop the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer. 1> when the indication is received from upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) for starting the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer: 2> start or restart the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1> when the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer expires: 2> notify RRC layer to release / suspend sensing configuration for RRC_IDLE, e.g., indicates a sensing configuration for RRC_IDLE release request to RRC. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If a reset of the MAC entity is requested by upper layers (e.g., RRC layer) or the reset of the MAC entity is triggered due to secondary cell group (SCG) deactivation or other reasons, the MAC entity shall consider idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer, if configured, as expired and perform the corresponding actions describe above.
[0138] For illustration, another example procedure may be described as below. 1> when a Timing Advance Command is received in a Random Access Response message (e.g., for a cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) or in a MSGB for an SpCell: 2> if the Random Access Preamble was not selected by the MAC entity among the contention-based Random Access Preamble: 3> apply the Timing Advance Command for this TAG; 3> start or restart the timeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG. 2> else if the timeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG is not running: 3> apply the Timing Advance Command for this TAG; 3> start the timeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG; ... 3> when the Contention Resolution is considered successful for Random Access procedure while Sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE is ongoing: 4> start or restart the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer (e.g., associated with the cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) .
[0139] For illustration, another example procedure may be described as below. 1> When a Timing Advance Command is received in response to a MSGA transmission: 2> apply the Timing Advance Command for PTAG; 2> if there is ongoing sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE: 3> start or restart the idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer (e.g., associated with the cell / TAG / sensing group / sensing area) .
[0140] For illustration, another example procedure may be described as below. - The MAC entity shall not perform any uplink transmission on a Serving Cell except the Random Access Preamble and MSGA transmission when the timeAlignmentTimer associated with the TAG to which this Serving Cell belongs is not running, sensing transmission in RRC_IDLE is not on-gonging, and other operations in RRC_IDLE (if configured. e.g., CG-SDT procedure, SRS transmission in RRC_IDLE) is not on-going. - When the timeAlignmentTimer associated with the PTAG is not running, sensing transmission in RRC_IDLE is not on-gonging, and other operations in RRC_IDLE (if configured. e.g., CG-SDT procedure, SRS transmission in RRC_IDLE) is not on-going, the MAC entity shall not perform any uplink transmission on any Serving Cell except the Random Access Preamble and MSGA transmission on the SpCell. - The MAC entity shall not perform any uplink transmission except the Random Access Preamble and MSGA transmission when the TA timer for CG-SDT (if configured) is not running during the ongoing CG-SDT procedure as triggered and the TA timer for Positioning SRS transmission in RRC_IDLE (if configured) is not running, and idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer is not running.
[0141] In some embodiments, if a reference signal received power (RSRP) value of a downlink pathloss reference has not increased or decreased by more than a threshold configured for time alignment of sensing, and the TA timer is running, the terminal device 110 may consider the TA value to be valid. In this way, TA validation for sensing signal transmission in an RRC idle state may be carried out.
[0142] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below. RRC configures the following parameters for validation for sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE: -idleSensingSignal-RSRP-ChangeThreshold: RSRP threshold for the increase / decrease of RSRP for time alignment of sensing. The MAC entity shall: 1> if the UE receives configuration for Sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE: 2> store the RSRP of the downlink pathloss reference with the current RSRP value of the downlink pathloss reference. 1> else if the UE is configured with Sensing signal transmission in RRC_IDLE: 2> if Timing Advance Command MAC CE is received, or; 2> if Timing Advance Command or Absolute Timing Advance Command is received for Random Access procedure that is successfully completed: 3> update the stored the RSRP of the downlink pathloss reference with the current RSRP value of the downlink pathloss reference. The MAC entity shall consider the TA to be valid when the following conditions are fulfilled: 1> compared to the stored downlink pathloss reference RSRP value, the current RSRP value of the downlink pathloss reference has not increased / decreased by more than idleSensingSignal-RSRP-ChangeThreshold, if configured; and 1> idleSensing-TimeAlignmentTimer is running.
[0143] In this example procedure, except for RSRP change threshold defined above, the threshold may also be defined based reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . Then the RSRP used above may be replaced by RSRQ, RSSI or SINR.
[0144] So far, solutions of timing advance for terminal device sensing are described in connection with the process 500. With the process 500, synchronization for UE sensing in an RRC idle or inactive or connected state may be ensured. Timing advance for sensing signal or timing reference cell for TA may be indicated via RRC signaling. A TA timer for sensing signal transmission in an RRC idle or connected state may be introduced. An RSRP threshold may be introduced for the increase / decrease of RSRP for sensing time alignment validation in an RRC idle state. For timing advance, MT of a RAN node may be handled as a terminal device. Thus, the timing advance for uplink sensing signal transmission may be maintained. The timing advance validation for sensing signal transmission may be enabled. Sensing in an RRC idle state may save power of a terminal device.
[0145] It is to be understood that operations or steps in the process 500 may be carried out in any suitable combinations or orders and are not limited to the above examples. Other details are similar as that in the process 300, and are not repeated here for conciseness. It is also to be understood that operations or steps in the processes 300, 400 and 500 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSING FAILURE REPORTING
[0146] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication to support sensing failure reporting. In the solutions, the network may take TA and / or beam information into account to determine 1) whether a RAN device or a terminal device can be selected as a sensing node / module (e.g., for a sensing group / area) ; 2) whether to sense a target object or report the sensing result of a target object. The detailed description will be made with reference to FIG. 6 below.
[0147] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 600 of sensing failure reporting according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 600 may involve a first device 301 and a second device 302. The first device 301 may be a network device such as a RAN device or CN device. The second device 302 may be a sensing device such as a terminal device or RAN device. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 6 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0148] As shown in FIG. 6, at step 610, the second device 302 may transmit, to the first device 301, first information comprising TA information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information. In some embodiments, the TA information may be implemented as described in the processes 300-500. It is to be noted that any other suitable ways may also be feasible.
[0149] At step 620, the first device 301 may transmit sensing group or area information to the second device 302. Accordingly, the second device 302 may receive sensing group or area information from the first device 301.
[0150] At step 630, if no target object is sensed, the second device 302 may transmit, to the first device 301, second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.
[0151] For example, if the second device 302 could not sense a target object, e.g., due to TA or synchronization could not be ensured, or the precision could not be met, the second device 302 may indicate the first device 301 the reason why a target object could not be sensed.
[0152] With the process 600, sensing failure may be detected and reported to the network.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0153] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods implemented at a first device and a second device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 7 to 9.
[0154] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 performed at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The first device may be the RAN device 121 or CN device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0155] At block 710, a first device (e.g., the RAN device 121 or CN device 130) may determine a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device (e.g., the RAN device 120 or terminal device 110) .
[0156] At block 720, the first device may transmit, to the second device, timing advance information for the sensing operation. The timing advance information comprises at least one of the following: the timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of a RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.
[0157] In some embodiments, the first device is a CN device, and the second device is the RAN device or a terminal device. In some embodiments, the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device. In some embodiments, the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device.
[0158] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the first device may determine the timing advance value by: receiving, from the second device, a first signal comprising at least one of the following: a synchronization signal, an SSB, a reference signal, or a sensing signal; and deriving the timing advance value based on the first signal.
[0159] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the first device may transmit the timing advance information by at least one of the following: a control plane signaling, DCI, MAC CE, an RAR, a MsgB, or an RRC signaling.
[0160] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the first device may receive the timing advance information via a timing advance reporting from the second device.
[0161] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the first device may determine the timing advance value by: receiving, from the second device, a second signal comprising at least one of the following: a reference signal, a sensing signal, or a preamble; and deriving the timing advance value based on the second signal.
[0162] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the first device may transmit the timing advance information by at least one of the following: DCI, MAC CE, an RAR, a MsgB, or an RRC signaling.
[0163] In some embodiments, the first device may determine the timing advance value by: deriving the timing advance value based on information of the first device and the second device comprising at least one of the following: the distance between the first device and the second device, locations of the first device and the second device, heights of the first device and the second device, or beam or path information of a sensing signal between the first device and the second device.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit, to the second device, an indication of a timing reference cell for the sensing operation.
[0165] With the method 700, a network device may determine and transmit timing advance information for sensing to a sensing device.
[0166] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 performed at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The second device may be the RAN device 120 or terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0167] At block 810, a second device (e.g., the RAN device 120 or terminal device 110) may receive, from a first device (e.g., the RAN device 121 or CN device 130) , timing advance information for a sensing operation of the second device. The timing advance information comprises at least one of the following: the timing advance value, an identity of a timing advance group, an identity of a RAN device, an identity of a cell, an identity of a sensing group or area, or a timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.
[0168] At block 820, the second device may adjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information.
[0169] In some embodiments, the first device is a CN device, and the second device is the RAN device or a terminal device. In some embodiments, the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device. In some embodiments, the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device.
[0170] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may transmit, to the first device, a first signal for derivation of the timing advance value, the first signal comprising at least one of the following: a synchronization signal, an SSB, a reference signal, or a sensing signal.
[0171] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may receive the timing advance information by at least one of the following: a control plane signaling, DCI, MAC CE, an RAR, a MsgB, or an RRC signaling.
[0172] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may determine the timing advance information based on information of the first device and the second device, and transmit the timing advance information to the first device. The information of the first device and the second device may comprise at least one of the following: the distance between the first device and the second device, locations of the first device and the second device, heights of the first device and the second device, or beam or path information of a sensing signal between the first device and the second device.
[0173] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may receive the timing advance information by at least one of the following: DCI, MAC CE, an RAR, a MsgB, or an RRC signaling.
[0174] In some embodiments, the second device may adjust the timing of the sensing operation by: determining a timing reference cell for the sensing operation based on one of the following: an indication of the timing reference cell received from the first device, a primary cell, a primary secondary cell, an activated secondary cell, or a timing reference cell for data transmission; and adjusting the timing of the sensing operation based on a signal from the timing reference cell.
[0175] In some embodiments, the second device may maintain the timing advance value based on at least one of the following: an indication of stopping or suspending the sensing operation; or the sensing operation is stopped or suspended.
[0176] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, in accordance with a determination that a timer is running, the second device may consider that the second device is synchronized; or in accordance with a determination that the timer is not running, the second device may consider that the second device is non-synchronized.
[0177] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may start or restart the timer based on at least one of the following: the timing advance information is received, or an indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received.
[0178] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may consider the timer as expired based on at least one of the following: an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, or the sensing operation is stopped.
[0179] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, in accordance with a determination that the timer expires, the second device may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: releasing or suspending the sensing operation; clearing or releasing or suspending a sensing signal or resource; transmitting, to the first device or a CN device, information indicating that the sensing operation is out of synchronization; transmitting, to the first device or the CN device, information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable; or maintaining the timing advance value.
[0180] In some embodiments where the second device is the RAN device and the first device is a further RAN device, the second device may adjust the timing of the sensing operation by one of the following: determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value and a timing of a signal from the first device; determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value and a timing of a signal from the second device; determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance offset, the timing advance value and the timing of the signal from the first device; determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance offset, the timing advance value and the timing of the signal from the second device; determining the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the timing advance value; or determining the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the timing advance value and a further timing advance offset.
[0181] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may adjust the timing of the sensing operation by one of the following: determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for the sensing operation or a timing advance value for data transmission; determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for data transmission and the timing advance offset; determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for the sensing operation and the timing advance offset; determining the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the timing advance value; or determining the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the timing advance value and a further timing advance offset.
[0182] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may adjust the timing of the sensing operation by: applying the timing of the sensing operation based on a time offset to a reference timing.
[0183] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, in accordance with a determination that a timer is running, the second device may consider the timing advance value for the sensing operation to be valid.
[0184] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may start or restart the timer based on at least one of the following: the timing advance information is received, the second device is switched to a sensing bandwidth part, or an indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received.
[0185] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may consider the timer as expired based on at least one of the following: an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, or the sensing operation is stopped.
[0186] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, in accordance with a determination that the timer expires or the second device is out of synchronization, the second device may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: releasing or suspending the sensing operation; notifying an upper layer to clear or release or suspend a sensing signal or resource; transmitting, to the first device or a CN device, information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable; or maintaining the timing advance value.
[0187] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may be in an RRC idle state, and the second device may start or restart the timer by: in accordance with a determination that there is an ongoing sensing signal transmission in the RRC idle state, starting or restarting the timer.
[0188] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the second device may be in an RRC idle state, and the second device may be further caused to: in accordance with a determination that a RSRP value of a downlink pathloss reference has not increased or decreased by more than a threshold configured for time alignment of sensing, and the timer is running, consider the timing advance value to be valid.
[0189] In some embodiments where the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device, the timing advance value for the sensing operation is indicated from a source cell to a target cell during a handover.
[0190] With the method 800, a sensing device may adjust a timing for sensing signal transmission based on timing advance information for sensing.
[0191] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 900 performed at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The second device may be the RAN device 120 or terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0192] At block 910, a second device (e.g., the RAN device 120 or terminal device 110) may transmit, to a first device (e.g., the RAN device 121 or CN device 130) , first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information.
[0193] At block 920, the second device may receive sensing group or area information from the first device.
[0194] At block 930, in accordance with a determination that no target object is sensed, the second device may transmit, to the first device, second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.
[0195] In some embodiments, the first device is a CN device or a RAN device, and the second device is a further RAN device or a terminal device.
[0196] With the method 900, a sensing device may perform a sensing failure detection and reporting.
[0197] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 700, 800 and 900 correspond to the processes described in connection with FIGs. 3 to 6, and thus other details are omitted here for conciseness.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0198] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 / 111 or RAN device 120 / 121 or CN device 130 as shown in FIG. 1 or 2. Accordingly, the device 1000 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 / 111 or RAN device 120 / 121 or CN device 130 as shown in FIG. 1 or 2.
[0199] As shown, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1010 stores at least a part of a program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one of a transmitter 1042 or a receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and the receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / Access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0200] The program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1010, enable the device 1000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 9. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0201] The memory 1020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1020 is shown in the device 1000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1000. The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0202] In some embodiments, a device may comprise a circuitry configured to perform any of the methods 700, 800 and 900. The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0203] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0204] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 9. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0205] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0206] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0207] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0208] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:determine a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device; andtransmit, to the second device, timing advance information for the sensing operation comprising at least one of the following:the timing advance value,an identity of a timing advance group,an identity of a radio access network (RAN) device,an identity of a cell,an identity of a sensing group or area, ora timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a core network (CN) device, and the second device is the RAN device or a terminal device.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a further RAN device and the second device is the RAN device.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device.5.The first device of claim 3, wherein the first device is caused to determine the timing advance value by:receiving, from the second device, a first signal comprising at least one of the following:a synchronization signal,a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) ,a reference signal, ora sensing signal; andderiving the timing advance value based on the first signal.6.The first device of claim 3, wherein the first device is caused to transmit the timing advance information by at least one of the following:a control plane signaling,downlink control information (DCI) ,medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ,a random access response (RAR) ,a message B (MsgB) , ora radio resource control (RRC) signaling.7.The first device of claim 3, wherein the first device is further caused to:receive the timing advance information via a timing advance reporting from the second device.8.The first device of claim 4, wherein the first device is caused to determine the timing advance value by:receiving, from the second device, a second signal comprising at least one of the following:a reference signal,a sensing signal, ora preamble; andderiving the timing advance value based on the second signal.9.The first device of claim 4, wherein the first device is caused to transmit the timing advance information by at least one of the following:downlink control information (DCI) ,medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ,a random access response (RAR) ,a message B (MsgB) , ora radio resource control (RRC) signaling.10.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine the timing advance value by:deriving the timing advance value based on information of the first device and the second device comprising at least one of the following:the distance between the first device and the second device,locations of the first device and the second device,heights of the first device and the second device, orbeam or path information of a sensing signal between the first device and the second device.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is further caused to:transmit, to the second device, an indication of a timing reference cell for the sensing operation.12.A second device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, timing advance information for a sensing operation of the second device comprising at least one of the following:a timing advance value,an identity of a timing advance group,an identity of a radio access network (RAN) device,an identity of a cell,an identity of a sensing group or area, ora timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value; andadjust a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information.13.The second device of claim 12, wherein the first device is a core network (CN) device, the second device is the RAN device or a terminal device.14.The second device of claim 12, wherein the first device is a further RAN device and the second device is the RAN device.15.The second device of claim 12, wherein the first device is the RAN device and the second device is a terminal device.16.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, a first signal for derivation of the timing advance value, the first signal comprising at least one of the following:a synchronization signal,a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) ,a reference signal, ora sensing signal.17.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is caused to receive the timing advance information by at least one of the following:a control plane signaling,downlink control information (DCI) ,medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ,a random access response (RAR) ,a message B (MsgB) , ora radio resource control (RRC) signaling.18.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is further caused to:determine the timing advance information based on information of the first device and the second device comprising at least one of the following:the distance between the first device and the second device,locations of the first device and the second device,heights of the first device and the second device, orbeam or path information of a sensing signal between the first device and the second device; andtransmit the timing advance information to the first device.19.The second device of claim 15, wherein the second device is caused to receive the timing advance information by at least one of the following:downlink control information (DCI) ,medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ,a random access response (RAR) ,a message B (MsgB) , ora radio resource control (RRC) signaling.20.The second device of claim 12, wherein the second device is caused to adjust the timing of the sensing operation by:determining a timing reference cell for the sensing operation based on one of the following:an indication of the timing reference cell received from the first device,a primary cell,a primary secondary cell,an activated secondary cell, ora timing reference cell for data transmission; andadjusting the timing of the sensing operation based on a signal from the timing reference cell.21.The second device of claim 12, wherein the second device is further caused to:maintain the timing advance value based on at least one of the following:an indication of stopping or suspending the sensing operation; orthe sensing operation is stopped or suspended.22.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a timer is running, consider that the second device is synchronized; orin accordance with a determination that the timer is not running, consider that the second device is non-synchronized.23.The second device of claim 22, wherein the second device is further caused to at least one of the following:start or restart the timer based on at least one of the following:the timing advance information is received, oran indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received;consider the timer as expired based on at least one of the following:an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, orthe sensing operation is stopped; orin accordance with a determination that the timer expires, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:releasing or suspending the sensing operation,clearing or releasing or suspending a sensing signal or resource,transmitting, to the first device or a core network (CN) device, information indicating that the sensing operation is out of synchronization,transmitting, to the first device or the CN device, information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable, ormaintaining the timing advance value.24.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is caused to adjust the timing of the sensing operation by one of the following:determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value and a timing of a signal from the first device;determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value and a timing of a signal from the second device;determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance offset, the timing advance value and the timing of the signal from the first device;determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance offset, the timing advance value and the timing of the signal from the second device;determining the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the timing advance value; ordetermining the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the timing advance value and a further timing advance offset.25.The second device of claim 15, wherein the second device is caused to adjust the timing of the sensing operation by one of the following:determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for the sensing operation or a timing advance value for data transmission;determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for data transmission and the timing advance offset;determining the timing of the sensing operation based on the timing advance value for the sensing operation and the timing advance offset;determining the timing of the sensing operation for a direct path based on the timing advance value; ordetermining the timing of the sensing operation for a reflected path based on the timing advance value and a further timing advance offset.26.The second device of claim 25, wherein the second device is caused to adjust the timing of the sensing operation by:applying the timing of the sensing operation based on a time offset to a reference timing.27.The second device of claim 15, wherein the second device is further caused to at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that a timer is running, consider the timing advance value for the sensing operation to be valid;start or restart the timer based on at least one of the following:the timing advance information is received,the second device is switched to a sensing bandwidth part, oran indication of starting the sensing operation or the timer is received;consider the timer as expired based on at least one of the following:an indication of stopping the sensing operation or the timer is received, orthe sensing operation is stopped; orin accordance with a determination that the timer expires or the second device is out of synchronization, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:releasing or suspending the sensing operation,notifying an upper layer to clear or release or suspend a sensing signal or resource,transmitting, to the first device or a core network (CN) device, information indicating that the sensing operation is released or suspended or unavailable, ormaintaining the timing advance value.28.The second device of claim 27, wherein the second device is in a radio resource control (RRC) idle state, and wherein the second device is caused to start or restart the timer by:in accordance with a determination that there is an ongoing sensing signal transmission in the RRC idle state, starting or restarting the timer.29.The second device of claim 27, wherein the second device is in a radio resource control (RRC) idle state, and wherein the second device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a reference signal received power (RSRP) value of a downlink pathloss reference has not increased or decreased by more than a threshold configured for time alignment of sensing, and the timer is running, consider the timing advance value to be valid.30.The second device of claim 15, wherein the timing advance value for the sensing operation is indicated from a source cell to a target cell during a handover.31.A second device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:transmit, to a first device, first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information;receive sensing group or area information from the first device; andin accordance with a determination that no target object is sensed, transmit, to the first device, second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.32.The second device of claim 31, wherein the first device is a core network (CN) device or a radio access network (RAN) device, and the second device is a further RAN device or a terminal device.33.A method performed at a first device, comprising:determining a timing advance value for a sensing operation of a second device; andtransmitting, to the second device, timing advance information for the sensing operation comprising at least one of the following:the timing advance value,an identity of a timing advance group,an identity of a radio access network (RAN) device,an identity of a cell,an identity of a sensing group or area, ora timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value.34.A method performed at a second device, comprising:receiving, from a first device, timing advance information for a sensing operation of the second device comprising at least one of the following:a timing advance value,an identity of a timing advance group,an identity of a radio access network (RAN) device,an identity of a cell,an identity of a sensing group or area, ora timing advance offset used to calculate the timing advance value; andadjusting a timing of the sensing operation at least based on the timing advance information.35.A method performed at a second device, comprising:transmitting, to a first device, first information comprising timing advance information, sensing coverage information and sensing beam information;receiving sensing group or area information from the first device; andin accordance with a determination that no target object is sensed, transmitting second information indicating a reason why no target object is sensed.