Method, apparatus and system for communication
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/089501
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-02-24
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2025089501_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] The present application claims priority to US patent application No. 63 / 762,447, entitled "Method and Apparatus on Frequency Operations" , filed on February 24, 2025 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Implementations of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and system for communication.BACKGROUND
[0003] In a communication network, when a terminal intends to access the network, it can measure the signal quality of neighboring network nodes to search for a suitable cell. For example, the terminal may search for synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks in frequency bands, which include a list of reference frequencies. With the evolution of the communication network, the list of reference frequencies is expected to be much longer, which leads to the process of searching for the SS / PBCH block being time-consuming and inefficient.
[0004] Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of SS / PBCH block searching is an urgent technical problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0005] Implementations of the present application provide a method, apparatus and system for communication method, which may improve the efficiency of SS / PBCH searching.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal. For example, the method is applied to a terminal. In this method, the terminal receives system information on a first frequency, wherein the system information indicates a second frequency, and receive a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the second frequency.
[0007] Based on the above solution, the terminal obtains initial system information on the first frequency, where the system information indicates a second frequency. The terminal can obtain a SS / PBCH block on the indicated second frequency directly, rather than search across a long list of frequencies, thus the efficiency of SS / PBCH searching can be improved.
[0008] According to a second aspect, a method may be applied to a network side, for example, a location server (e.g., a network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. For example, the method is applied to a first network node. In the method, the first network node obtains system information, where the system information indicates a second frequency, and the second frequency is for a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, and the first network node transmits the system information on a first frequency.
[0009] Based on the above solution, a network node can indicate a second frequency with its system information. A terminal can obtain a SS / PBCH block on the indicated second frequency directly, rather than search across a long list of frequencies, thus the efficiency of SS / PBCH searching can be improved.
[0010] In a possible design, the first network node obtains system information includes the first network node generates system information, or obtain the system information from other network nodes, for example, operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) entity.
[0011] In a possible design, the system information is included in at least one of: master information block in a second SS / PBCH block and a system information block (SIB) associated with the second SS / PBCH block.
[0012] For example, the second SS / PBCH block and the SIB are received on the first frequency.
[0013] For example, the system information block is system information block 1 (SIB1) .
[0014] Based on the above solution, the second SS / PBCH block and / or SIB1 can indicate the second frequency so that the terminal can determine the second frequency efficiently.
[0015] In a possible design, the terminal searches in a first frequency set to receive the system information, and the first frequency is included in the first frequency set.
[0016] For example, the terminal may search in a first frequency set to synchronize the first frequency and receive the system information on the first frequency via at least one of the second SS / PBCH block and the SIB.
[0017] For example, the first frequency set may include one or more frequencies that are a part of available reference frequencies.
[0018] Based on the above solution, the number of frequencies in the first frequency set may be relatively small, so the terminal could try fewer times to obtain the second SS / PBCH block, thereby improving the efficiency of SS / PBCH block searching.
[0019] In a possible design, the second frequency is included in a second frequency set.
[0020] In a possible design, when a condition is fulfilled, the terminal receives the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.
[0021] For example, the terminal determines whether to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency based on the condition.
[0022] Based on the above solution, a condition may be defined for determining whether to switch to the second frequency for further initial access procedure such as detecting an SS / PBCH block on the second frequency, which allows a system to support diverse devices and UEs with flexible synchronizations and initial access procedures on multiple frequency points by SS / PBCH searching and potentially carrier switching.
[0023] In a possible design, the condition is associated with at least one of: a type of a terminal, a capability of the terminal or a type of a radio access technology.
[0024] Based on the above solution, the condition can be related to various parameters, which enables the SS / PBCH block searching to be applied to various application scenarios.
[0025] In a possible design, the system information further indicates the condition.
[0026] In a possible design, the system information further indicates at least one of: an index of the first SS / PBCH block; time resource for the first SS / PBCH block; location of a network node that transmits the first SS / PBCH block; at least one beam associated with the first SS / PBCH block; an accessing direction for receiving the first SS / PBCH block; a cell identifier of corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block; frequency indication corresponding to the second frequency; or a third frequency.
[0027] Based on the above solution, the system information may further indicate various parameters for assisting the terminal to receive the first SS / PBCH block, further improving the efficiency of SS / PBCH block searching and initial access procedure.
[0028] In a possible design, the first network node further transmits the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.
[0029] According to a third aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal. For example, the method is applied to a terminal. In this method, the terminal is in the state with a restriction on measurement, and receives indication information from a first network node, where the indication information indicates a first frequency, and the terminal receives a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the first frequency from a second network node.
[0030] Based on the above solution, when a terminal is about to switch from a first network node associated with the second frequency, it happens to be in a state with a restriction on measurement, where the terminal may not be aware of the signal quality of neighboring network nodes. The first network node can indicate a first frequency so that the terminal can synchronize and receive a SS / PBCH block from a second network node associated with the first frequency efficiently. The first network node and a second network node may or may not be a same network node, wherein a network node may be a base station, transmission and receiving point (TRP) , etc.
[0031] According to a fourth aspect, a method may be applied to a network side, for example, a location server (e.g., a network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. For example, the method is applied to a first network node. In the method, the first network node obtains indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first frequency, the first frequency is for a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, and the first network node transmits the indication information to the terminal.
[0032] In a possible design, the first network node obtains system information includes the first network node generates system information, or obtain the system information from other network nodes, for example, OAM entity.
[0033] In a possible design, the state with a restriction on measurement is an idle state, an inactive state or a power saving state.
[0034] In a possible design, the indication information is included in at least one of: system information, a radio resource control message, downlink control information or a paging message.
[0035] In a possible design, the indication information further indicates at least one of: an index of the SS / PBCH block; a time resource for the SS / PBCH block; a location of the second network node; at least one beam associated with the SS / PBCH block; an accessing direction for receiving the SS / PBCH block; a cell identifier of corresponding to the SS / PBCH block; frequency indication corresponding to the first frequency; or a second frequency.
[0036] Based on the above solution, the indication information may further indicate various parameters for assisting the terminal to receive the SS / PBCH block, further improving the efficiency of SS / PBCH block searching.
[0037] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect or the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect or the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0038] According to a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect or the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect or the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0039] According to a seventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect or the third aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect or the third aspect.
[0040] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0041] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0042] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0043] According to an eighth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect or the fourth aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect or the fourth aspect.
[0044] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0045] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0046] The communication apparatus may be a network node, a module in a network node, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a network node, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0047] According to a ninth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0048] According to a tenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the third aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0049] According to an eleventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, or the fourth aspect.
[0050] According to a twelfth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, or the fourth aspect.
[0051] According to a thirteenth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0052] According to a fourteenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0053] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0054] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100;
[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station;
[0057] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device;
[0058] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410;
[0059] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to some implementations of this application;
[0060] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of the first frequency set and the second frequency set according to some implementations of this application;
[0061] FIG. 8 is a schematic table of the absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) ;
[0062] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the second frequency and ARFCN;
[0063] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of frequency sets according to some implementations of this application;
[0064] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a format of system information according to some implementations of this application;
[0065] FIG. 12 illustrates a detailed signaling diagram according to some implementations of this application; and
[0066] FIG. 13 illustrates a signaling diagram of a handover procedure according to some implementations of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0067] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0068] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and code division multiple access (CDMA) for 2G, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and CDMA2000 for 3G, long-term evolution (LTE) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and new radio (NR) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the evolved packet core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the evolved packet system (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0069] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0070] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0071] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0073] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0074] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0075] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0076] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0077] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0078] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0079] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0080] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0081] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0082] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0083] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0084] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0085] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) , pattern division multiple access (PDMA) , lattice partition multiple access (LPMA) , resource spread multiple access (RSMA) , and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) .
[0086] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0087] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0088] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e, g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0089] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0090] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0091] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0092] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0093] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0094] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0095] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0096] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0097] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0098] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0099] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0100] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0101] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0102] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0103] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0104] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0105] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0106] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0107] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0108] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0109] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0110] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0111] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0112] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0113] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0114] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0115] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0116] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0117] For the purposes of the present application, the following terms and definitions apply:
[0118] In a wireless network, upon UE powering on, it may start to search for an appropriate cell to camp on and perform initial access. Taking 5G NR as an example, a detailed procedure may include the following:
[0119] 1. Cell Search:
[0120] Synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks (in some cases, SS / PBCH blocks may also be named as SSBs hereinafter) are periodically transmitted by a gNB and carry information for cell detection and initial access.
[0121] The UE starts by searching for SSBs in the pre-defined (or configured) frequency bands.
[0122] The UE performs a guided or blind search across multiple frequency bands and carrier frequencies to detect the SSBs, for example, the guided search may be based on pre-defined frequency bands in public land mobile network (s) (PLMN) (s) , associated with the wireless service.
[0123] 2. SSB detection and measurement:
[0124] Upon detecting an SSB, the UE measures the received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) ) and signal quality (e.g., signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) ) to evaluate the cell's suitability.
[0125] The UE may also decode the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carried by the SSB to obtain the master information block (MIB) , which contains some system information.
[0126] 3. Frequency Band and Bandwidth Detection:
[0127] Based on a detected SSB, the UE can determine the frequency band and bandwidth of the cell.
[0128] In NR, an SSB carries information about the frequency range (e.g., frequency range (FR) 1 or FR2) and the channel bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 100 MHz) .
[0129] Note that the cell search procedure is an aspect of the initial access and mobility management processes, ensuring that the UE can establish and maintain a reliable connection with the available cell, especially in the challenging mmWave environment.
[0130] 4. Cell Selection and Camping:
[0131] After detecting and measuring multiple cells, the UE selects a cell based on predefined criteria, such as RSRP, SINR, and cell prioritization information.
[0132] The UE then attempts to camp on the selected cell by acquiring additional system information and performing the same registration procedures.
[0133] Note that in the above cell search and selection procedure, a beam search may be required to access high frequency bands such as FR2 (mmWave) . In this case, the cell search process involves beam management techniques due to the highly directional nature of mmWave signals; the UE and gNB may perform beam sweeping and beam tracking to establish and maintain a stable connection using the appropriate beam directions.
[0134] 5. PRACH process:
[0135] Once a cell is selected, the UE may perform physical random access channel (PRACH) process based on SSB and additional system information, where the PRACH process is a part of the initial access procedure in 5G NR, where a UE attempts to establish a connection with the network for various purposes, such as initial access, network-re-entry, handover, beam failure recovery, and scheduling request.
[0136] It is seen that a cell (blind) search in NR may go over on a long list of candidate or reference frequencies predefined by the standards, which may take time and consume powers.
[0137] It is expected that future wireless network may have even longer list of reference frequencies that are used for cell search or initial network access upon power on or UE wake-up from a sleep mode, where the network initial access makes too much time and consume too much power based on current sequential search and synchronization procedure over all available reference frequencies.
[0138] Therefore, this application provides a method for efficiently searching the SS / PBCH block. This method will be described comprehensively and clearly in conjunction with FIGs. 6-13.
[0139] The method can be applied to various types of communication systems (e.g., any one of communication systems described in FIGs. 1 to 5) . The method may be performed by any one of EDs 110 (or a module, a chip or a circuit in any one of EDs 110) and any one of network nodes 170 (or a module, a chip or a circuit in any one of network nodes 170) . For example, a terminal and a network node (e.g., a first network node, a second network node) may perform this method.
[0140] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to some implementations of this application.
[0141] At step 610, a terminal receives system information on a first frequency. The system information indicates a second frequency.
[0142] At step 620, the terminal receives a first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.
[0143] In this method, the terminal obtains initial system information on a first frequency, where the system information indicates a second frequency. The terminal can obtain a SS / PBCH block on the indicated second frequency directly, rather than search across a long list of frequencies. Therefore, the SS / PBCH block detection procedure can be more efficient.
[0144] The system information in this disclosure is information that is included in MIB and / or a system information block (SIB) such as SIB1, SIB2, etc., in a network node such as a base station, wherein a terminal may synchronize to a reference frequency (or a frequency point) to receive an SSB and one or more SIBs associated with the SSB for resource and transmission parameter indication to perform initial access to the network node. Details on the system information are provided below.
[0145] The system information is the initial information that the terminal can obtain upon being powered on or woken up. In some implementations, the system information may be included in at least one of: master information block (MIB) in a second SS / PBCH block and a system information block (SIB) (e.g., SIB1) associated with the second SS / PBCH block. For example, the terminal starts to search an SSB, and obtain the second SS / PBCH block on the first frequency. The terminal can obtain the MIB on the PBCH included in the second SS / PBCH block and obtain scheduling information related to SIB1 from the MIB. Then, according to the scheduling information, by monitoring a PDCCH, the terminal may obtain control information (e.g., resource allocation, modulation, coding scheme) for SIB1 transmission on a PDSCH. The terminal can receive the PDSCH and obtain the SIB1 on the PDSCH based on the control information. The MIB, SIB1 or a combination of MIB and SIB1 may indicate the second frequency so that the terminal could receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency, reducing the number of blind searches.
[0146] Notably, this application does not exclude that in future communication evolutions, other potentially defined initial information may carry this system information.
[0147] Notably, in some cases, the SS / PBCH block may be replaced by a future signal designed for access.
[0148] In one possible implementation, the method includes an initial synchronization procedure.
[0149] In some implementations, the first frequency may be of a type of frequency with good quality. For example, the first frequency may be relatively stable and is not easily affected by interference. Therefore, the terminal can reliably obtain the system information.
[0150] In some cases, the terminal may not determine whether to camp on the cell corresponding to the first frequency. Notably, this is different from the SSB detection and measurement introduced above, where upon detecting an SSB, the terminal may measure the received signal to evaluate the cell’s suitability. In these cases, the first frequency may be designed so that the terminal can reliably determine the second frequency for camping on. The terminal receives the second SS / PBCH block on the first frequency, obtains the second frequency from the second SS / PBCH block, and may not measure the second SS / PBCH block if there are no other requirements.
[0151] In some other cases, the terminal may determine whether to camp on the cell corresponding to the first frequency. For example, upon detecting the second SS / PBCH block, the terminal may measure the received signal to evaluate the cell’s suitability. When the terminal determines that the cell is not suitable, the terminal obtains the second frequency from the second SS / PBCH block and detect the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency; when the terminal determines that the cell is suitable, the terminal may not turn to detect the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.
[0152] In some implementations, the first frequency may be included in a first frequency set. The first frequency set may include one or more frequencies that are a part of the whole available reference frequencies. For example, the first frequency set may be pre-defined (e.g., in standard) or pre-configured, and the terminal could search in the first frequency set to receive the second SS / PBCH block on the first frequency and receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency based on the second SS / PBCH block. As the number of frequencies in the first frequency set is relatively small, the terminal can try fewer times to obtain the SSB, improving the efficiency of obtaining SSB.
[0153] The one or more frequencies can be divided into the first frequency set in a variety of ways. For example, the one or more frequencies in the first frequency set may be of a type of frequency with good quality, which increases the reliability of the terminal in obtaining the system information through searching in the first frequency set. For another example, the one or more frequencies in the first frequency set may be in a certain frequency range (FR) , such as FR1, FR2 or others.
[0154] In some implementations, the available frequencies, after excluding the frequencies in the first frequency set, can be further divided into one or more frequency sets. For example, the available frequencies may be divided into the first frequency set and a second frequency set. As mentioned above, the division can be according to the frequency characteristics, e.g., the frequency quality, the frequency range, etc.
[0155] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of the first frequency set and the second frequency set according to some implementations of this application. The first frequency set may be represented by a first-tier (tier-1) frequency set, and the second frequency set may be represented by a second-tier (tier-2) frequency set.
[0156] As shown in FIG. 7, a reference frequency, freq. 1 (i.e., the first frequency) in first-tier (Tier-1) frequency set is initially synchronized, and an indication of a tier-2 ARFCN or another reference frequency (or frequency point) , freq. 4 (i.e., the second frequency) is provided at the first-tier frequency point (freq. 1) by system information (e.g., the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1) , where the reference frequency transferring or switching may be from frequency range x (FRx) to frequency range y (FRy) , and FRx and FRy may or may not be same frequency range.
[0157] In this illustrated example, the second frequency is included in the second frequency set. Notably, in some implementations, the second frequency may be included in the first frequency set. That is, the first frequency and the second frequency may be in the same frequency set.
[0158] In some implementations, the first-tier (or Tier-1) frequency set (i.e., the first frequency set) is backward compatible, for example, the first-tier frequency set is 5G (or NR) reference frequency points for cell search, which may be used by a 5G network node or network device (e.g., UE) for synchronization; a new generation network node or device may access to a frequency in the first-tier frequency set and is possible to stay in the frequency or switch to a frequency point that is included in second-tier (or Tier-2) frequency set, where an indication in system information associated with the frequency may provide information to determine whether staying in the frequency or switching to the frequency point with (fast) access or synchronization.
[0159] In other implementations, the first-tier (or Tier-1) frequency set (i.e., the first frequency set) is part of newly defined reference frequency points for forward compatibility. In this case, a network node or network device may access to a frequency in the first-tier frequency set and is possible to stay in the frequency or switch to a frequency point that is included in second-tier (or Tier-2) frequency set, where an indication in system information associated with the frequency may provide information to determine whether staying in the frequency or switching to the frequency point with fast access / synchronization.
[0160] The system information can indicate the second frequency in a variety of ways, e.g., explicitly or implicitly. For example, the system information may include an absolute value of the second frequency (e.g., in [Hertz] ) ; or may include an index assigned / associated with the second frequency, e.g., an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) ; or others.
[0161] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 8 is a schematic table of the ARFCNs, and FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the second frequency and ARFCN. As shown in FIG. 8, a large amount of ARFCNs corresponding to the frequencies between 0 and 100000MHz are defined in this schematic table.
[0162] As mentioned above, in some technologies, an initial access to NR network with cell search and selection may include blindly trying a list of reference frequency points in one or more frequency ranges, including low, medium or high frequency bands as shown in FIG. 7 in NR, absolute ARFCN, a unique identifier, is used in 5G networks to specify the frequency channel of a radio access bearer and the cell identity. It helps in identifying and locating specific frequency channels within the network. The relationship between NR ARFCN and corresponding RF frequency, a reference frequency FREF, is formulated in FIG. 8 based on specific parameters provided in FIG. 7.
[0163] If the second frequency is not indicated, it is seen that a cell (blind) search in NR may go over on a long list of candidate or reference frequencies predefined by the standards, which may take time and consume powers.
[0164] Notably, it is expected that future wireless network may have even longer list of reference frequencies that are used for cell search or initial network access upon power on or terminal wake-up from a sleep mode, where the network initial access makes too much time and consume too much power based on current sequential search and synchronization procedure over all available reference frequencies
[0165] During the initial access procedure upon terminal powering on, it may perform a sequential or exhausted search, a blind search sequentially among all (predefined) possible bands and their reference frequency points. This may take long time and big efforts with high power consuming during cell search and selection procedure.
[0166] Accordingly, an implementation is provided in this disclosure, where a first frequency set is predefined. The terminal could search in the first frequency set rather than the all reference frequencies to obtain system information, and switches to a second frequency to synchronize and receive an SSB on the second frequency (and going further for initial access procedure such as performing PRACH process, up to establish a connection with a network node) , wherein the second frequency and associated assistance information may be indicated by the system information on the first frequency. The method includes enhanced cell search with more efficient way.
[0167] Notably, the system information may indicate two or more frequencies that include the second frequency. The terminal may detect the SSB respectively on these indicated frequencies. In some instances, the terminal may detect the SSB on these frequencies according to a certain detection strategy (e.g., from the low frequency to the high frequency) . The detection strategy may be pre-defined, pre-configured or indicated by the network (e.g., indicated by the system information) .
[0168] In some implementations, before the terminal switches to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency, the terminal may determine whether to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency. In other words, before step 620, the terminal may determine whether to receive an SSB on the second frequency.
[0169] In some implementations, the terminal may determine whether to receive an SSB on the second frequency based on a condition. For example, when the condition is fulfilled, the terminal may determine to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency; when the condition is not fulfilled, the terminal may determine not to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.
[0170] Notably, the condition may include one or more sub-conditions. The fulfillment of the condition may be set as: any one or more of the sub-conditions are fulfilled, or all of the sub-conditions are fulfilled. This setting can be dependent on the application scenario.
[0171] In some implementations, the condition (or each sub-condition) may be associated with at least one of: a type of terminal, a capability of terminal and a type of radio access technology. For example, the condition may include at least one of: the terminal is a certain type of terminal (or not) ; the terminal has a certain capability (or not) ; the terminal is configured with a certain radio access technology (or not) ; and others. The type of the terminal may be the mobile terminal type, the smart wearable type, the industrial terminal type, or others. The capability of the terminal may be the throughput capability, the modulation and coding schemes, frequency band support, inter radio access technology (RAT) capability, carrier aggregation capability, or others. The radio access technology may be long term evolution, new radio, or other advanced or future radio access technologies. This application is not limited to these examples.
[0172] The terminal may obtain the condition in a variety of ways. For example, the condition may be pre-defined, pre-configured, indicated by the network (e.g., indicated by the system information) , or a combination thereof. For example, the system information may include the ARFCN of the second frequency and a certain terminal type. The terminal obtains the system information, if the type of the terminal conforms to the indicated terminal type, then the terminal switches to the indicated second frequency to receive the first SS / PBCH block.
[0173] In some implementations, the terminal may further obtain one or more parameters for assisting in receiving the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency (which will be generally referred to as assistance parameters hereinafter) . The assistance parameters may include at least one of: frequency indication corresponding to the second frequency, an index of the first SS / PBCH block, the first SS / PBCH block resources, a time pattern corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block, channel bandwidth of the first SS / PBCH block, a location of a network node that transmits the first SS / PBCH block, an accessing direction corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block, a cell identifier, and at least one beam corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block. The terminal could use these assistance parameters to receive the first SS / PBCH block, for example, on the indicated resources, in the accessing direction, use the indicated beam, etc. Thus, the efficiency of the SSB detection can be further improved.
[0174] Notably, in some implementations, when the second frequency is included in a second frequency set, the assistance parameters may further include parameter (s) that specify the second frequency set, such as the carrier spacing, frequencies in the second frequency set, etc.
[0175] Notably, the terminal may obtain these assistance parameters in a variety of ways. For example, the assistance parameters may be pre-defined, pre-configured, indicated by the network (e.g., indicated by the system information) , or a combination thereof.
[0176] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of frequency sets according to some implementations of this application.
[0177] As shown in FIG. 10, a size of K (which is a positive integer) available reference frequencies may be divided into two tiers of frequency sets: a size of the first-tier (Tier-1) frequency sets is N (N < K) (N is a positive integer) , and a size of the second-tier (Tier-2) frequency set is M (M<K) , where N+M = K. A network node or device may require one or up to N times of frequency searches to get synchronized with a frequency point in the first-tier frequency set, where system information associated with the frequency may indicate if the network node or device is ok to go with the frequency or may need to transfer to other frequency in the second-tier frequency set, where frequency transferring conditions such as device type, RAT, application, device capability, etc. may also be included in the system information. Moreover or alternatively, the system information may include assistance information (e.g., the assistance parameters) on access or synchronization to the other frequency in the second-tier frequency set, such as one or more of SSB index, SSB time pattern, SSB time-frequency resources, cell identity, timing or frame information, system information associated the other frequency, etc.
[0178] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a format of system information according to some implementations of this application.
[0179] FIG. 11 provides an example of information (e.g., system information) included in an indication as shown in FIG. 7 and above descriptions, where the indication includes CellAccessRelatedInfo, an information element, that is provided at a frequency point in first-tier frequency set by, e.g., system information such as the second SS / PBCH block, SIB1, etc. The indication may include one or more other frequency points (including the second frequency) to transfer or switch, the one or more other frequency points may or may not belong to the first-tier frequency set or same frequency range as the first-tier frequency set, for example, the one or more other frequency points may be from second-tier frequency set that is same or different from the first-tier frequency set. The CellAccessRelatedInfo may include other Other_band_and_Carrier_List, which is a list of one or more bands or carriers, as denoted by other Other_band_and_CarrierInfo. Other_band_and_CarrierInfo may include one reference frequency (or ARFCH) , device type, and / or frequency transferring criteria (condition) , etc. Other_band_and_CarrierInfo may optionally include one or more of tier-2 carrier info: carrier spacing, SSB resources or time patterns, SSB channel bandwidth, network location (s) , accessing direction (s) .
[0180] Information on condition and criteria regarding reference frequency transferring or switching may be also optionally included in the indication.
[0181] In FIG. 11, other band_and Carrierlnfo may optionally include one or more of tier-2 carrier info: carrier spacing, SSB time patterns, SSB channel bandwidth, network location (s) , accessing direction (s) .
[0182] Notably, the format illustrated in FIG. 11 is only for illustrative purposes, and this application does not impose any restrictions on the information format. For example, the MIB in the second SS / PBCH block may include the ARFCN of the second frequency, and the SIB associated with the second SS / PBCH block may include the condition and at least one assistance parameter.
[0183] In some implementations, the first frequency and the second frequency may be associated with either the same network node or different network nodes. That is, the terminal may obtain the system information from the first network node, and then obtain the first SS / PBCH block from the second network node. Alternatively, the terminal may obtain the system information from the first network node, and then obtain the first SS / PBCH block from the first network node. This is related to the application scenarios. For illustrative purposes, system information from a first network node and the first SS / PBCH block from a second network node are exemplified in FIG. 12.
[0184] The proposed operation can be applicable straightforwardly to single BS / TRP or co-collocated BSs / TPRs that may support reference frequencies from different-tier frequency sets.
[0185] FIG. 12 illustrates a detailed signaling diagram according to some implementations of this application.
[0186] In this implementation, an initial synchronization procedure is provided. In FIG. 12, terminal powering on, experiencing link failure, or waking up from a sleep mode may perform initial cell search and go through the following:
[0187] At step 1201, the first network node transmits system information to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the system information from the first network node.
[0188] For example, the system information may be the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1 in Tier-1 freq. 1 (i.e., the first frequency) , and include Tier-2 freq. point (s) (i.e., one or more frequencies including the second frequency) .
[0189] The details of the system information can be found in FIG. 7, and are not elaborated here.
[0190] At step 1202, the terminal determines to switch to the second frequency based on the system information.
[0191] For example, the terminal may get the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1 info (e.g., based on a certain condition) and switch to the tier-2 freq. point (s) (e.g., the second frequency) . The details about how the terminal switches to the second frequency can be found in FIG. 7, and are not elaborated here.
[0192] In some instances, synchronize with Tier-1 frequency, freq-1 at the first network node, and obtain associated the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1. The terminal may be one type of device or satisfy certain condition. (e.g., channel, application, capability, etc. ) that may need to be switched or transferred to another reference frequency in Tier-2 frequency set at the second network node, whose information is included in the associated the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1 (on the freq. 1 point at the first network node) .
[0193] At step 1203, the second network node transmits the first SS / PBCH block to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the first SS / PBCH block from the second network node.
[0194] For example, the second network node transmits the first SS / PBCH block in Tier-2 freq. 2 (i.e., the second frequency) . The details about the first SS / PBCH block can be found in FIG. 7, and are not elaborated here.
[0195] For example, the terminal may detect the associated the second SS / PBCH block or SIB1, which may figure out to transfer to another frequency point, freq-2 in Tier-2 frequency set. Based on the assistance information (e.g., the assistance parameters) on accessing the freq-2, the terminal may synchronize the Tier-2 freq. 2 at the second network node.
[0196] At step 1204, the terminal communicates with the second network node.
[0197] For example, the terminal may camp on the second network node (or the corresponding carrier) at Tier-2 freq. point (i.e., the second frequency) and obtain its system info.
[0198] For example, the terminal may camp on the second network node / carrier with Tier-2 freq. point, obtain the first SS / PBCH block that is associated with the Tier-2 freq-2 at the second network node, and proceed.
[0199] In some implementations, a network node or device may (initially) access / synchronize a reference frequency or frequency point in first-tier frequency set and obtain system information associated with the frequency point where the system information may include conditional frequency switching or transferring to other frequency point or reference frequency in second-tier frequency set for synchronization, and associated assistance information on access information on the other frequency point in the second-tier frequency set such as SSB pattern or indexing, timing, system information corresponding to the second-tier frequency set, etc. described above. As a result, two-tier reference frequency sets operation is able to help reduce blind detection on exhausted reference frequency search; for example, a small size of the first-tier frequency set can be defined or configured as a quick synchronization entry and a network node or device may synchronize with a reference frequency in the first-tier frequency set and optionally / conditionally switch or transfer to another reference frequency in the second-tier frequency set based on an indication, e.g., included in system information at the reference frequency.
[0200] It is expected that some network nodes or devices such as UEs or terminals may go with a first-tier frequency directly, and other network nodes or devices may be transferred to a second-tier frequency by an indication at the first-tier frequency point via, e.g., system information.
[0201] As described above, in some implementations, in an initial access procedure, the terminal may obtain the system information that indicates the second frequency, switch to the second frequency to receive the first SS / PBCH block, rather than search all the available frequencies, to improve the efficiency of SSB detection.
[0202] Notably, in some other implementations, the method may be applied to a handover procedure. For example, if a handover request happens to the terminal in a state where it is not aware of neighboring network nodes or carriers, the source network node could indicate a certain frequency to the terminal so that the terminal could receive an SSB on the certain frequency. A detailed description is given in conjunction with FIG. 13.
[0203] FIG. 13 illustrates a signaling diagram of a handover procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0204] At step 1301, a first network node transmits indication information to a terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal, in a state with a restriction on measurement, receives the indication information from the first network node.
[0205] The state imposes a restriction on measurement. In other words, when the terminal is in the state, the terminal would not measure the signals from neighboring network nodes. Notably, in some handover procedures, the terminal would measure the signals from neighboring network nodes, and the signal quality of each network node can be used to choose a target network node with high signal quality. However, if the terminal is in the state with a restriction on measurement, the signal quality of the neighboring network nodes is not obtained, and the handover may not be reliably performed. Therefore, in the method of this application, the source network node could indicate the first frequency so that the terminal can receive an SSB on the first frequency, avoiding ineffective handover.
[0206] The state with a restriction on measurement may be defined in a variety of ways, for example, an idle state, an inactive state, a power saving state or other defined states where the measurement function is restricted.
[0207] The first network node may transmit the indication information in a variety of ways. For example, the indication information may be included in system information (e.g., an SSB, MIB, SIB, etc. ) , semi-static signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC signaling, etc. ) , dynamic signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) , etc. ) , or a combination thereof.
[0208] Notably, the indication information may indicate two or more frequencies that include the first frequency. The two or more frequencies may be associated with the same network node or different network nodes, which may be candidate target network nodes.
[0209] Notably, the indication information may further indicate one or more parameters for assisting in receiving SSB on the first frequency (which will be generally referred to as assistance parameters hereinafter) . The assistance parameters may include at least one of: frequency indication corresponding to the first frequency, an index of SSB, SSB resources, a time pattern corresponding to SSB, channel bandwidth of SSB, a location of the second network node, an accessing direction corresponding to the SSB, and at least one beam corresponding to the SSB. The terminal could use these assistance parameters to receive the SSB, for example, on the indicated resources, in the accessing direction, use the indicated beam, etc. Thus, the efficiency of the handover can be further improved.
[0210] At step 1302, the second network node transmits an SSB on the first frequency to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the SSB on the first frequency from the second network node.
[0211] For example, the terminal may obtain information used for synchronization and / or accessing from the SSB. Thus, the terminal can switch to the second network node from the first network node based on the SSB.
[0212] Notably, as mentioned above, the indication information may indicate two or more frequencies, and the terminal may receive two or more SSBs on the indicated frequencies respectively. In these cases, the terminal may select a network node as a target network node based on the received SSBs; or the terminal may report the quality of the SSBs to the first network node, and the first network node may select a network node as the target network node.
[0213] Notably, although not illustrated, the terminal, the first network node and the second network node may further perform other steps to complete the procedure. For example, the first network node may transmit a handover request to the second network node; the second network node may transmit a handover response to the first network node; the first network node may transmit a handover request to the terminal; etc. These steps depend on the handover scenarios, and are not elaborated here.
[0214] Notably, in some implementations, before step 1302, the terminal may determine whether to receive an SSB on the indicated first frequency. For example, the terminal may determine whether to receive an SSB on the first frequency based on a condition, and the condition may be associated with at least one of: a type of terminal, a capability of terminal, a type of a radio access technology, etc. Reference can be made to the description in FIG. 7 for the determination, and is not elaborated here.
[0215] Based on the above technical solution, even if the terminal is in a state where the measurement function is restricted when a handover procedure is triggered, the terminal can receive an SSB on the indicated first frequency from a target network node.
[0216] In a nutshell, in some implementations, a set of reference frequencies in one or more frequency bands maybe divided into at least two groups, or two-tier frequency sets, where a synchronization to one of first-tier frequency set (i.e., the first frequency set) may obtain an indication of one or more reference frequencies (including the second frequency) in second-tier frequency set that may be transferred or switched to, and information of certain conditions such as applicable device type, device capability, application, radio access technology, use case, etc. The indication may be provided in a system information (or indication information in a handover procedure) such as MIB or a SIB (e.g., SIB1) or UE specific signal such as RRC, paging, DCI, etc. Moreover or alternatively, the indication may include assistance information (e.g., assistance parameters) on the one or more reference frequencies in second-tier frequency set such that a synchronization or an access to one of the one or more reference frequencies can be fast and straightforward, where the assistance information is associated with one transferring frequency point and may comprise one or more of SSB index, SSB resource / time pattern, SSB time-frequency resources, cell identity, timing or frame information, system information, etc.
[0217] When a terminal powers on (e.g., initial access, link failure, or wake-up from a sleep mode) , it starts to perform cell search for an initial access to a network. It may synchronize with a reference frequency in the first-tier frequency set and obtain associated system information such as MIB or SIB (e.g., SIB1) , which may include an indication if the UE is allowed to proceed with the frequency or may need to transfer or switch to other frequency in the second-tier frequency sets, where associated assistance information as described above may be used to help access to the other frequency in a more efficient way.
[0218] In one possible implementation, the method includes initial access with two-tier frequency sets (or more than two frequency sets) .
[0219] In this implementation, an initial access with two-tier frequency sets (or more than two frequency sets) may be proposed for cell search and selection.
[0220] In another possible implementation, the method includes handover procedure with two-tier frequency sets (or more than two frequency sets) .
[0221] In one possible implementation, the method includes using an indication on two-tier or more frequency sets.
[0222] In this implementation, a configuration or indication on two-tier or more frequency sets may be provided via system information such as SSB / MIB, SIB, etc.; or via UE / device specific signaling such as RRC, DCI, paging, etc.
[0223] In SSB, MIB or PBCH message is transmitted periodically on the PBCH and is the first system information that a terminal decodes after detecting and synchronizing with the SSB. The PBCH message carries the MIB, which is the information for initial cell acquisition. To guide cell search and selection in multiple-beam scenarios, at least one bit may be used in PBCH from a cell (or a base station) to indicate the current beam relative location among multiple beam directions, e.g., middle beam, a side beam, or a beam with specifically defined beam direction. As a result, it may help cell search in more efficient way, especially in multi-beam scenarios.
[0224] Moreover, information on an indication of reference frequency transferring / switching and another frequency point can be carried out by system information such as SIB1 message, where the SIB1 message is the first system information block (SIB) that a terminal acquires after synchronization with a frequency (and decoding the MIB and before the terminal has an active connection with a network) .
[0225] The methods according to implementations of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGs. 6-13. The apparatuses provided in implementations of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIGs. 6-13. The description of apparatus implementations corresponds to the description of the method implementations. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method implementations. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0226] As aforementioned in FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the UE in the foregoing method implementations. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the UE or a component that can be configured in the UE.
[0227] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the UE in FIGs. 6-13 according to implementations of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the UE in FIGs. 6-13. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 6-13.
[0228] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the network side (network node) or a component that can be configured in the network side (network node) .
[0229] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the network side (network node) in FIGs. 6-13 according to implementations of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the network side (network node) in FIGs. 6-13. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-13.
[0230] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the third device in the foregoing method implementations. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the third device or a component that can be configured in the third device.
[0231] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-13 according to implementations of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-13. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-13.
[0232] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method implementations. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0233] As aforementioned in FIG. 5, the methods in the foregoing method implementations are executed by the apparatus 510.
[0234] In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be a terminal or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the terminal; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a network side (network node) or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the network side (network node) ; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a third device or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the third device.
[0235] In a solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the terminal in the foregoing method implementations.
[0236] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the terminal in the foregoing method implementations, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the terminal in the foregoing method implementations.
[0237] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations.
[0238] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations.
[0239] An implementation of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the terminal, or the method performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations.
[0240] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the terminal, or the method performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method implementations.
[0241] An implementation of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the terminal, or the method performed by the network side (network node) , in the foregoing method implementations.
[0242] An implementation of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the terminal and the network side (network node) in the foregoing implementations. Optionally, the communication system further includes the third device in the foregoing implementations.
[0243] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method implementation provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0244] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in implementations disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0245] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0246] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method implementation. Details are not described herein again.
[0247] In the several implementations provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus implementation is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0248] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0249] In addition, function units in implementations of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0250] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0251] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0252] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0253] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0254] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0255] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0256] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0257] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0258] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0259] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0260] The present disclosure encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0261] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative implementations, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0262] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular implementations may also or instead be implemented in other implementations. Method implementations, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product implementations. In addition, although implementations are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving system information on a first frequency, wherein the system information indicates a second frequency; andreceiving a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the second frequency.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the system information is included in at least one of: master information block in a second SS / PBCH block and a system information block (SIB) associated with the second SS / PBCH block.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the receiving system information on the first frequency, comprises:searching in a first frequency set to receive the system information on the first frequency, and the first frequency is included in the first frequency set.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second frequency is included in a second frequency set.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the receiving the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency, comprises:when a condition is fulfilled, receiving the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the condition is associated with at least one of: a type of a terminal, a capability of the terminal or a type of a radio access technology.7.The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the system information further indicates the condition.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the system information further indicates at least one of:an index of the first SS / PBCH block;a time resource for the first SS / PBCH block;a location of a network node that transmits the first SS / PBCH block;at least one beam associated with the first SS / PBCH block;an accessing direction for receiving the first SS / PBCH block;a cell identifier of corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block;frequency indication corresponding to the second frequency; ora third frequency.9.A communication method, comprising:obtaining system information, wherein the system information indicates a second frequency, and the second frequency is for a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block; andtransmitting the system information on a first frequency.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the system information is included in at least one of: master information block in a second SS / PBCH block and a system information block (SIB) associated with the second SS / PBCH block.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the first frequency is included in a first frequency set.12.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the second frequency is included in a second frequency set.13.The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the system information further indicates a condition, and the condition is used for a terminal to determine whether to receive the first SS / PBCH block on the first frequency.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the condition is associated with at least one of: a type of the terminal, a capability of the terminal or a type of a radio access technology.15.The method of any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the system information further indicates at least one of:an index of the first SS / PBCH block;a time resource for the first SS / PBCH block;a location of a network node that transmits the first SS / PBCH block;at least one beam associated with the first SS / PBCH block;an accessing direction for receiving the first SS / PBCH block;a cell identifier of corresponding to the first SS / PBCH block;frequency indication corresponding to the second frequency; ora third frequency.16.The method of any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting the first SS / PBCH block on the second frequency.17.A communication method, comprising:receiving, in a state with a restriction on measurement, indication information from a first network node, wherein the indication information indicates a first frequency; andreceiving a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the first frequency from a second network node.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the state with a restriction on measurement is an idle state, an inactive state or a power saving state.19.The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the indication information is included in at least one of: system information, a radio resource control message, downlink control information or a paging message.20.The method of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the indication information further indicates at least one of:an index of the SS / PBCH block;a time resource for the SS / PBCH block;a location of the second network node;at least one beam associated with the SS / PBCH block;an accessing direction for receiving the SS / PBCH block;a cell identifier of corresponding to the SS / PBCH block;frequency indication corresponding to the first frequency; ora second frequency.21.A communication method, comprising:obtaining indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first frequency, the first frequency is for a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block; andtransmitting the indication information to a terminal, wherein the terminal is in a state with a restriction on measurement.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the state with a restriction on measurement is an idle state, an inactive state or a power saving state.23.The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the indication information is included in at least one of: system information, a radio resource control message, downlink control information or a paging message.24.The method of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the indication information further indicates at least one of:an index of the SS / PBCH block;a time resource for the SS / PBCH block;a location of the network node that transmits the SS / PBCH block;at least one beam associated with the SS / PBCH block;an accessing direction for receiving the SS / PBCH block;a cell identifier of corresponding to the SS / PBCH block;frequency indication corresponding to the first frequency; ora second frequency.25.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24.26.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive system information on a first frequency, wherein the system information indicates a second frequency, wherein,the receiving unit further configured to receive a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the second frequency.27.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain system information, wherein the system information indicates a second frequency, and the second frequency is for a first synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit the system information on a first frequency.28.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive, in a state with a restriction on measurement, indication information from a first network node, wherein the indication information indicates a first frequency; andthe receiving unit further configured to receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block on the first frequency.29.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain indication information, wherein the indication information indicates a first frequency, the first frequency is for a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit the indication information to a terminal, wherein the terminal is in a state with a restriction on measurement.30.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:one or more processors configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24; andan interface circuit configured to perform a transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24.31.The communication apparatus of claim 30, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.32.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24.33.A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 9 to 16.34.A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 17 to 20 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 21 to 24.35.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24.36.A computer program product having instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 16, 17 to 20, or 21 to 24.