Multiple transmission reception point-based positioning

Abstract

According to some embodiments, a method is performed by a wireless device in communication with a serving cell comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP. The method comprises: receiving downlink control information from the serving cell scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP; receiving the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP; determining one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; and reporting the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

Description

MULTIPLE TRANSMISSION RECEPTION POINT-BASED POSITIONINGTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to wireless communications and, more particularly to multiple transmission reception point (mTRP) serving cell-based positioning.BACKGROUND

[0002] Before Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 16, Long Term Evolution (LTE) based positioning was one of the prevalent radio access technology (RAT) based positioning solutions available. Starting from the Release 16 specification, positioning may also be supported in New Radio (NR). Positioning in NR may be supported by the architecture shown in FIGURE 1.

[0003] FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example NR positioning architecture. The interactions between the gNodeB (i.e., base station) and the device are supported via the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol, while the location node interfaces with a user equipment (UE) via the LTE positioning protocol (LPP). LPP is a common protocol to both NR and LTE. The location management function (LMF) is the location node in NR. There are also interactions between the location node and the gNodeB via the New Radio Positioning Protocol (NRPPa).

[0004] The positioning architecture in NR in FIGURE 1 may also be used to support artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) based positioning. Release 19 work on introducing AI / ML based positioning may use the legacy protocol and may also rely on already defmed / existing reference signals that are used for positioning.

[0005] Multiple transmit / receive point (mTRP) operation is described in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.300. In mTRP operation, a serving cell can schedule the UE from two TRPs, providing better coverage, reliability and / or data rates for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

[0006] There are two different operation modes to schedule mTRP PDSCH transmissions: single-downlink control information (DCI) and multiple-DCI. For both modes, control of uplink and downlink operation can be done by physical layer and medium access control (MAC) layer within the configuration provided by the RRC layer. In single-DCI mode, the UEP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 2 of 51may be scheduled by the same DCI for both TRPs, and in multiple-DCI mode, the UE may be scheduled by independent DCIs for each TRP.

[0007] There are two different operation modes for mTRP PDCCH: PDCCH repetition as in TS 38.300 Clause 5.2.3 and single frequency network (SFN) based PDCCH transmission. In both modes, the UE can receive two PDCCH transmissions, one from each TRP, carrying the same DCI. In PDCCH repetition mode, the UE can receive the two PDCCH transmissions carrying the same DCI from two linked search spaces each associated with a different common resource set (CORESET). In SFN based PDCCH transmission mode, the UE can receive the two PDCCH transmissions carrying the same DCI from a single search space / CORESET using different transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states.

[0008] For mTRP PUSCH repetition, according to indications in a single DCI or in a semistatic configured grant provided over RRC, the UE performs PUSCH transmission of the same contents toward two TRPs with corresponding beam directions associated with different spatial relations. For mTRP PUCCH repetition, the UE performs PUCCH transmission of the same contents toward two TRPs with corresponding beam directions associated with different spatial relations.

[0009] For inter-cell mTRP operation, for multiple-DCI PDSCH transmission, one or more TCI states can be associated with a synchronization signal block (SSB) with a physical cell identifier (PCI) different from the serving cell PCI. The activated TCI states can be associated with at most one PCI different from the serving cell PCI at a time.

[0010] For inter-cell and intra-cell multiple-DCI mTRP operation, up to two timing advance groups (TAGs) with associated TAG IDs can be configured per serving cell. Each uplink (UL) / joint TCI state may be associated with a TAG ID and the UE applies the timing advance of the TAG ID associated with the UL / joint TCI state used for UL transmission.

[0011] For single-DCI mTRP simultaneous transmission with multiple-panel (STxMP) spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) PUSCH transmission, different layers of one PUSCH are separately transmitted towards two TRPs. For single-DCI mTRP STxMP SFN PUSCH transmission, same layers of one PUSCH are transmitted towards two TRPs. For multiple-DCI based mTRP STxMP PUSCH+PUSCH transmission, two PUSCHs are transmitted towards two TRPs. For single-DCI mTRP STxMP SFN PUCCH transmission, one PUCCH may be transmitted towards two TRPs.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 3 of 51

[0012] There currently exist certain challenges. For example, one of the challenges for accurate positioning is synchronization error between multiple cells that are involved for positioning. It is expected that each cell will transmit the reference signal at the same time; however, in a real deployment there can be small drifts, different at different sites. A 1 ns drift in synchronization error may cause positioning error up to 30 cm for positioning method such as downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA).

[0013] There are at least three problems in the existing positioning technology that may be addressed. First, the large distance among base stations used for positioning calculation causes larger synchronization errors and thus more inaccurate positioning. Second, larger distances among base stations used for positioning calculations also give rise to increase in non-line of sight (NLOS) situations. NLOS channel makes accurate positioning challenging in general. Third, larger distances among base stations used for positioning calculations also cause larger path loss. With mTRPs, the distances between UE and the TRPs may be reduced compared to multiple cells, which may result in higher accuracy in positioning.

[0014] In communication beyond fifth generation (5G), it is expected that positioning accuracy may be up to 1 cm level. Thus, new technique would be required to fulfil such requirement while at the same time being cost effective to implement.SUMMARY

[0015] As described above, certain challenges currently exist with channel measurements for positioning. Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges.

[0016] For example, in particular embodiments multiple transmission reception point (mTRP)-based communication may be used for positioning. The embodiments may be based on serving cell-based positioning, thus avoiding tight synchronization between multiple cells.

[0017] FIGURE 2 illustrates an example serving cell where a user equipment (UE) is present and may be assumed to have multiple TRPs and a UE may be capable of support mTRP feature. This may include a single downlink control information (DCI) mTRP. For positioning, multiple TRPs located at a distinct location may be assumed. This may be completed by mTRP communication as shown in FIGURE 2. TRP A and TRP B are in distinct locations.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 4 of 51

[0018] Some embodiments may use more than 2 TRPs. FIGURE 2 illustrates only 2 TRPs. Multiple TRPs may comprise multiple distributed units (DUs) associated with the same central unit (CU).

[0019] In one method for positioning, at a first step a UE may become aware, via a DCI, that a positioning signal (e.g., physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or mTRP positioning reference signal (PRS)) transmission may be scheduled. For positioning, a new DCI format may be used, or existing DCI format may be reused where the purpose may be indicated via a flag that the DCI is for positioning purpose.

[0020] At a second step, as illustrated in FIGURE 2, TRP-A may transmit the positioning signal via layer 1 and TRP-B may transmit via layer 2. When the positioning signal is PDSCH, each PDSCH may be an empty packet or contain a timestamp when transmitted. The transmitted timestamp may be the same for both PDSCH because the backhaul may be ideal or have an offset of less than the cyclic prefix (CP), which may be less than 5 ,2us. Next, at a third step, the UE may record a time of arrival (TOA) of each positioning signal transmission. In some embodiments, the UE may measure and record the difference in TOA of the signals and / or a combination of some TOA in absolute time along with differences in TOA.

[0021] For example, consider a scenario with 3 TRPs (TRP A, TRP B and TRP C) if TRP A is considered the reference, the UE may report the TOA of TRP A, along with the difference in TOA between TRP A and TRPB, and the difference in TOA between TRP A and TRP C, i.e. the difference in TRP B and TRP C may be omitted. Which TRP may be considered the reference may be decided based on a rule, e.g. the TRP with a lowest index, the TRP configured by a particular field, the TRP which that has the earliest TOA seen by the UE, and / or other rules.

[0022] At a fourth step, the UE may report the recorded TOA information to the network. This may be done via layer one (LI), medium access control (MAC) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, or another layer. At the receiver side (e.g., gNB or location management function (LMF)) the location computation may be performed by considering the received TOA information and by removing the known CP offset of the backhaul. With these embodiments, the need to have expensive reference signal specific for positioning may be avoided, and a communication procedure with small enhancements may be relied upon primarily.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 5 of 51

[0023] In some embodiments, a UE may perform high-accuracy positioning measurements (e.g., ToA, reference signal time difference (RSTD), Rx-Tx, absolute or relative reference signal receive power (RSRP), angle of arrival (AoA), etc.). High-accuracy positioning measurements, as referred to herein, include mTRP measurements such that “mTRP measurements” and “high-accuracy measurements” may be used interchangeably. In such embodiments, a UE may receive, from a positioning controlling function (e.g., in serving base station or positioning node), a positioning measurement request for performing one or more high-accuracy positioning measurements based on a first radio signal transmitted from a first TRP and a second radio signal transmitted from a second TRP, wherein the first and the second TRPs may be associated with the same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell (e.g., PCell, PSCell, or SCell) of the UE.

[0024] A request may include DCI, MAC, or higher-layer protocol (e.g., RRC or LPP). A configuration message and / or contents may be different for high-accuracy measurements compared to those for regular positioning measurements based on multiple TRPs with different cell IDs. First and second radio signals may be: CSI-RS 1 and CSI-RS2, SSB 1 and SSB2; mTRP PRS 1 and mTRP PRS2; reference signal (RS) typically used for data communication or beam management; downlink (DL) data channel such as PDSCH; and / or other signals. A mTRP PRS sequence may be generated based on one common ID (cell ID) and one distinct ID (TRP ID). mTRP may be scheduled semi-statically (e.g., via higher layers) or dynamically (via DCI). If the mTRP is scheduled dynamically, the UE may receive and decode LI command prior to each mTRP PRS. LI command and mTRP may also be related in time, e.g., transmitted within a certain maximum and / or minimum times of each other, which may include the LI command decoding time.

[0025] A first type of reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, PDSCH, or mTRP PRS) may be used for high-accuracy intra-cell measurements, while a second type of reference signal (e.g., PRS) may be used for other positioning measurements. In some embodiments, first and second signals may be comprised in different RS sets characterized by different resource sets IDs.

[0026] Next, the UE may receive the first radio signal and the second radio signal and may obtain at least one positioning measurement result, based on the received first and second radio signals. The UE may also transmit towards the first and the second TRPs, e.g., for bidirectional positioning measurements such as Rx-Tx. The at least one positioning measurement result may be used by a positioning processing function for obtaining location of the UE. The positioningP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 6 of 51processing function may apply a compensation based on a known timing offset (may be obtained, e.g., from the serving BS) between TRP1 and TRP2. The positioning processing function may be the UE or the positioning controlling function (which may receive the at least one positioning measurement result reported from the UE via LI, MAC, or higher-layer such as RRC orLPP).

[0027] A radio network node (e.g., CU or BS) performing high-accuracy positioning measurements (e.g., RTOA, UL TDOA, Rx-Tx, absolute or relative RSRP, AoA, etc.) may be configured to receive (e.g., via NRPPa), from a positioning controlling function (e.g., positioning node), a positioning measurement request for performing one or more high-accuracy positioning measurements. The one or more high-accuracy positioning measurements may be based on a first radio signal involving a first TRP (which may be associated with a first DU) and a second radio signal involving a second TRP (which may be associated with a second DU), wherein the first and the second TRPs may be associated with the same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell (e.g., PCell, PSCell, or SCell) of the UE transmitting and / or receiving the first and the second radio signals. Next, the first and second TRPs may be configured to transmit and / or receive the first and second radio signals from the UE, and the UE respectively to receive and / or transmit the first and the second radio signals. In some embodiments, high-accuracy positioning measurements may be obtained (from UE or TRPs) based on the first and second radio signals and the measurements may be sent to the positioning controlling node.

[0028] A positioning controlling function (e.g., positioning node or serving BS), controlling configuration of high-accuracy positioning measurements may include determining the need for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from TRP 1 and TRP2 associated with the same cell ID (e.g., determine upon selecting a specific positioning method based on such measurements, upon a positioning request from a client, etc.). Then the function may continue by sending a request to a UE (e.g., LI, MAC, or high-layer such as RRC or LPP) or a radio network node (e.g., via NRPPa) for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from TRPs associated with the same cell ID. Next, the radio network node may further configure and collect the high-accuracy positioning measurements from its TRPs. A first type of reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) may be configured for the high-accuracy intra-cell measurements, while a second type of reference signal (e.g., PRS) may be configured for other positioning measurements. After the radio network further configures andP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 7 of 51collects the high-accuracy positioning measurements, the function may continue by receiving the high-accuracy positioning measurements in response to the request from the UE or from the radio network node.

[0029] Varying elements of the disclosed methods may be performed by varying components described above. These devices may include one or more of the following: UE, LMFs, gNBs, or other components. The disclosed methods, as performed by a UE, may include providing capability to perform serving cell mTRP measurements, obtaining configuration to perform serving cell mTRP measurements, and performing the measurement and report to the network node serving cell mTRP measurements. The disclosed methods, as performed by a LMF toward a wireless device, may include obtaining UE capabilities for serving cell mTRP measurements, providing a configuration for the measurement to the UE consisting of TRPs belonging to same serving cell, and obtaining the measurement from the UE and optionally base station and perform localization. If performed by a LMF toward a base station, the disclosed methods may include obtaining a list of TRPs available in the serving cell, requesting gNB to trigger serving cell mTRP measurements, and obtaining the measurement and perform localization. The disclosed methods, as performed by a gNB, may include obtaining UE capabilities for serving cell mTRP measurements; receiving a trigger from LMF to provide serving cell mTRP measurements available for the UE; providing the measurements, if available; and if not available, configuring the measurements towards the UE and providing the obtained measurements to LMF.

[0030] The disclosed methods may include downlink-based embodiments. A downlink-based method embodiment may be performed by LMF to request serving gNB to provide UE measurements based upon serving cell mTRP. In some embodiments, measurements as described in the disclosed may include delay offset, pathloss difference, time difference of arrival performed between at least 2 TRPs belonging to the same serving cell, and / or other measurements. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods may be based upon any one of CSI-RS, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or PDSCH based measurement. In some DL based methods, the measurements used for positioning may be the measurements performed for achieving coherent joint transmission (CJT) among mTRPs, e.g., delay offset. In some embodiments, the measurements may be triggered by higher layer signaling LPP, RRC or by lower layers MAC, DCI. In some embodiments, a method may be performed by serving gNB to handle the request from LMF to provide mTRP based UE measurements. In someP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 8 of 51embodiments, a method may be performed by serving gNB to provide the precoder metrics weight to LMF that may be used for CJT.

[0031] The disclosed methods may include uplink-based embodiments. An uplink-based method embodiment may be performed by gNB to provide plural (two) timing advance to the LMF, which may be used for UE location calculation and / or configuring positioning measurements from the same serving cell based upon mTRP operation where each TA may be based upon reception of UL transmission from the UE with respect to the DL subframe timing of each TRP operating within the same cell. The two or more timing advance configurations or values may belong to two TAGs within a serving cell. The multiple timing advance values may be provided together with the associated multiple IDs or TRPs or positioning radio signal IDs (e.g., used in signal sequence generation), corresponding to the different TAGs and / or different positioning radio signals.

[0032] According to some embodiments, a method is performed by a wireless device in communication with a serving cell comprising a first TRP and a second TRP. The method comprises: receiving downlink control information from the serving cell scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP; receiving the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP; determining one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; and reporting the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function (e.g., base station, LMF, etc.).

[0033] In particular embodiments, receiving downlink control information comprises receiving a single downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission, or receiving a first downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and a second downlink control information scheduling the second positioning transmission.

[0034] In particular embodiments, the one or more positioning measurement results include a time offset between the first TRP and the second TRP.

[0035] In particular embodiments, the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequenceP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 9 of 51based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.

[0036] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting a first positioning uplink signal to the first TRP and a second positioning uplink signal to the second TRP.

[0037] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting a capability indication to the serving cell. The capability indication indicates a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

[0038] In particular embodiments, the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission comprise any one of a SSB, CSI-RS, PRS, tracking reference signal (TRS), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0039] According to some embodiments, a wireless device comprises processing circuitry operable to perform any of the methods of the wireless receiver described above.

[0040] Also disclosed is a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer readable program code, the computer readable program code operable, when executed by processing circuitry to perform any of the methods performed by the wireless device described above.

[0041] According to some embodiments, a method is performed by a network node comprising a first TRP and a second TRP. The method comprises transmitting downlink control information to a wireless device. The downlink control information schedules a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP. The method further comprises transmitting the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP and receiving a measurement report from the wireless device. The measurement report comprises one or more positioning measurement results measured by the wireless device based on the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission.

[0042] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a request from a positioning function (e.g., base station, LMF, etc.) to trigger multiple TRP positioning for the wireless device.

[0043] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a first positioning uplink signal at the first TRP from the wireless device and a second positioning uplink signal at the second TRP from the wireless device.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 10 of 51

[0044] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a capability indication from the wireless device. The capability indication indicates a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

[0045] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

[0046] According to some embodiments, a method is performed by a location management function (LMF) network node. The method comprises transmitting a request to a network node. The request comprises a request to perform a mTRP positioning procedure for a user equipment (UE). The method further comprises receiving a response from the network node. The response comprises mTRP measurement results from the UE.

[0047] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a capability indication for the UE. The capability indication indicates a capability of the UE for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of a serving cell.

[0048] In particular embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a capability indication for the network node. The capability indication indicates a capability of the network node for performing positioning using multiple TRPs.

[0049] According to some embodiments, a network node comprises processing circuitry operable to perform any of the methods of the network nodes described above.

[0050] Also disclosed is a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer readable program code, the computer readable program code operable, when executed by processing circuitry to perform any of the methods performed by the network nodes described above.

[0051] Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, particular embodiments avoid the need to perform inter-cell coordination for positioning. For example, in some embodiments a serving cell mTRP based measurement where LMF may obtain rich information to localize the UE may prevent the need to perform inter-cell coordination. In this embodiment, the LMF may fuse parameters from serving cell to localize the UE with cm level of accuracy. Parameters may include timing advance, best beam signal strength (RSRP), TOA of each TRP based upon single / multiple DCI framework, DL pathloss difference between mTRP, TDOA between mTRP, AoA from multiple TRPs, and / or other parameters.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 11 of51BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example New Radio (NR) positioning architecture;FIGURE 2 illustrates an example of a single downlink control information (DCI) multiple transmission reception point (mTRP)-based positioning, according to a particular embodiment;FIGURE 3 illustrates an example of a multiple DCI mTRP-based positioning, according to a particular embodiment;FIGURE 4 illustrates coherent joint transmission measurements for positioning; FIGURE 5 illustrates a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) example, which may be transmitted from multiple TRPs of the same gNB;FIGURE 6 illustrates an example Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP)-based serving cell positioning procedure;FIGURE 7 illustrates an example procedure based upon New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPPa) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol for serving cell positioning;FIGURE 8 illustrates a method for performing uplink (UL) measurements, according to a particular embodiment;FIGURE 9 illustrates;FIGURE 10 illustrates an example communication system, according to certain embodiments;FIGURE 11 illustrates an example user equipment (UE), according to certain embodiments;FIGURE 12 illustrates an example network node, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 13 illustrates a block diagram of a host, according to certain embodiments; FIGURE 14 illustrates a method performed by a wireless device, according to certain embodiments; andFIGURE 15 illustrates a method performed by a network node, according to certain embodiments.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 12 of 51DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] As described above, certain challenges currently exist with channel measurements for positioning. Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges.

[0054] For example, in particular embodiments multiple transmission reception point (mTRP)-based communication may be used for positioning. The embodiments may be based on serving cell-based positioning, thus avoiding tight synchronization between multiple cells.

[0055] Particular embodiments are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0056] FIGURE 2 (introduced in the Summary above) outlines an example single downlink control information (DCI) mTRP-based positioning embodiment. FIGURE 3 outlines an example multiple DCI mTRP based positioning embodiment. An advantage with multiple DCI may be that each TRP has its own timing; i.e. each DCI may be sent at a known fixed time. Rather than relying upon a single DCI, one DCI may be used for each TRP. Thus, the departure time of a packet may be independent and may be recorded separately. On the receiver side, the user equipment (UE) may compute time of arrival (TOA) information (i.e., absolute TOA and / or difference in TOA) of the packets and provide the result to the base station, or may also provide the result to location server (e.g., location management function (LMF)).

[0057] FIGURE 3 illustrates a multiple DCI multiple TRP which may rely upon downlink (DL) reception and may be based upon physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). In some embodiments, the multiple DCI multiple TRP may be based upon demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or using positioning reference signal (PRS). In some embodiments, the multiple DCI multiple TRP may include an UL-based feature where the UE may transmit and multiple TRPs may perform the measurement.

[0058] Some embodiments include coherent joint transmission measurements for positioning. A serving gNB may use different precoder weights to time align the transmission from different TRPs. Further, the gNB may use the UE to aid in performing the measurements in FIGURE 4 so that the network can determine W1 and W2 efficiently. With DL coherent joint transmissionP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 13 of 51(CJT), the same data / layers may be transmitted from multiple cooperating TRPs and the signals from multiple TRPs may be coherently combined at the UE through proper joint antenna precoding at the TRPs.

[0059] FIGURE 4 illustrates coherent joint transmission measurements for positioning. In FIGURE 4, two precoders may be designed such that for each layer, the signals received from the two TRPs may be phase aligned at the UE, and thus may be coherently combined. The following parameters, which may be used for CJT calibration, may also be used for positioning, e.g., at least one of: delay offset (DO), include timing alignment error (TAE) between the TRPs and difference in propagation delay, frequency offset (FO), transmit frequency difference among TRPs due to independent local oscillators, per-TRP frequency offset may include Doppler shift, calibration phase offset for time division duplex (TDD) (TDD PO), UE needs to report the calibration phase offset among the TRPs, or other parameters. Further, gNB may provide W1 and W2 precoder weights to LMF, which may also be used for positioning computation. (This is only for E / / / LMF; i.e. proprietary implementation). The coherent joint transmission may also be used for transmission of downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) from multiple TRPs. FIGURE 4 illustrates an example showing this.

[0060] FIGURE 5 illustrates a DL-PRS example, which can be transmitted from multiple TRPs of the same gNB.

[0061] FIGURE 6 illustrates an example Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP)-based serving cell positioning procedure. The cell positioning procedure may include the gNB providing a list of TRPs that belong to the same serving cell. Then the UE may advertise a capability that the UE supports serving cell mTRP measurements. This capability may also be inferred as capability to receiving single DCI or multiple DCI for positioning or performing time and power related measurements. Then the LMF may get coarse location of UE (e.g., best beam in terms of reference signal receive power (RSRP)) and select TRPs based upon geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) with respect to that beam and all belonging to the same serving cell. Next, the LMF may request gNB to trigger mTRP based measurement from certain TRPs. Then the gNB may schedule the DCI and PDSCH or transmit a reference signal. After the gNB schedules the DCI and PDSCH, or transmits the reference signal, the UE may perform the measurements and provide to the LMF.Some embodiments include New Radio (NR) Positioning Protocol (NRPPa) and RRC -based serving cell positioning procedure. FIGURE 7 illustrates an example procedure based uponP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 14 of 51NRPPa and RRC protocol for serving cell positioning procedure. This procedure may include a gNB providing a list of TRPs that belong to the same serving cell. Then a UE may provide capability that the UE supports serving cell mTRP measurements. This capability may also be inferred as capability to receiving single DCI and / or multiple DCI for the purpose of positioning or performing time and power related measurements. The LMF may then trigger mTRP based measurement to the serving base station, which then may provide the configuration to UE, which may include scheduling of DCIs, PDSCH or reference signal at specific time. Next, the UE may perform the measurement and provide it to the base station and base station provides it to LMF.

[0062] FIGURE 8 illustrates a method for performing uplink (UL) measurements, according to a particular embodiment.

[0063] The following definition of timing advance group (TAG) is captured from TS 38.213. A TAG is a group of serving cells that is configured by RRC and that, for the cells with UL configured, use the same timing reference cell and the same timing advance (TA) value. A TAG containing the SpCell of a MAC entity is referred to as primary timing advance group (PTAG), whereas the term secondary timing advance group (STAG) refers to other TAGs.

[0064] For multiple-DCI based mTRP operation, two TAs may be configured, and thus there may be support of configuring two TAGs within a serving cell. FIGURE 9 illustrates this example configuration. In terms of positioning, the multiple TA may be fused in LMF for precise localization. The LMF may already know which cell the UE is currently in and with two different timing advance values obtained from two different TRPs located at different locations can further narrow the localization of the UE. The UL transmission from UE may be based upon sounding reference signal (SRS), preamble for random access or any packet transmission (physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) so that the network may determine the needed timing advance and may provide the two different timing advance commands applicable to different mTRPs in the same serving cell. Similar to two TA value, two UL RSRP, two UL RTOA, UL pathloss offset (UL RS RS difference between 2 TRPs) may be computed, which may be used for positioning. mTRP multiple input multiple output (MIMO) may also support asymmetric transmission such that one DL and two UL, as shown in FIGURE 9. In such case, the PL offset may be based on the UL RSRP difference between DL / UL TRP and UL only TRP. This can be also used for positioning.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 15 of 51

[0065] The embodiments described may be made even broader, e.g., with respect to radio signals, measurements, low versus higher-layer signaling, etc.

[0066] According to some embodiments, a method for a UE performing high-accuracy positioning measurements (e.g., ToA, RSTD, Rx-Tx, absolute or relative RSRP, Ao A, etc.) may include the UE receiving from a positioning controlling function (e.g., in serving BS or positioning node) a positioning measurement request for performing one or more high-accuracy positioning measurements, based on a first radio signal transmitted from a first TRP and a second radio signal transmitted from a second TRP, wherein the first and the second TRPs may be associated with the same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell (e.g., PCell, PSCell, or SCell) of the UE. A request may comprise: DCI, MAC, or higher-layer protocol (e.g., RRC or LPP). The configuration message and / or contents may be different for this type of measurements compared to those for regular positioning measurements based on multiple TRPs with different cell IDs. First and second radio signals may be CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2, SSB1 and SSB2, mTRP PRS1 and mTRP PRS2, RS typically used for data communication or beam management, DL data channel such as PDSCH. mTRP PRS sequence may be generated based on one common ID (cell ID) and one distinct ID (TRP ID). mTRP may be scheduled semi-statically (e.g., via higher layers) or dynamically (via DCI), where in the latter the UE may receive and decode LI command prior to each mTRP PRS. LI command and mTRP may also be related in time, e.g., transmitted within a certain maximum and / or minimum times of each other, which include at least the LI command decoding time. A first type of reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, PDSCH, or mTRP PRS) may be used for the high-accuracy intra-cell measurements, while a second type of reference signals (e.g., PRS) may be used for other positioning measurements. In some embodiments, the first and second signals may be comprised in different RS sets characterized by different resource sets IDs.

[0067] Next, the UE may receive the first radio signal and the second radio signal and may obtain at least one positioning measurement result (or a measurement which may be used to determine a position), based on the received first and second radio signals. The UE may also transmit towards the first and the second TRPs, e.g., for bidirectional positioning measurements such as Rx-Tx. Then the at least one positioning measurement result may be used by a positioning processing function for obtaining location of the UE. The positioning processing function may apply a compensation based on a known timing offset (may be obtained, e.g., from the serving BS) between TRP1 and TRP2. Positioning processing function may be: UEP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 16 of 51or the positioning controlling function (which may receive the at least one positioning measurement result reported from the UE via LI, MAC, or higher-layer such as RRC or LPP).

[0068] Another embodiment may be a method for a radio network node performing high-accuracy positioning measurements (e.g., RTOA, UL TDOA, Rx-Tx, absolute or relative RSRP, AoA, etc.). The method may include a radio network node (e.g., CU or BS) receiving (e.g., NRPPa) from a positioning controlling function (e.g., positioning node) a positioning measurement request for performing one or more high-accuracy positioning measurements, based on a first radio signal involving a first TRP (which may be a first DU) and a second radio signal involving a second TRP (which may be a second DU), wherein the first and the second TRPs may be associated with the same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell (e.g., PCell, PSCell, or SCell) of the UE which may be transmitting and / or receiving the first and the second radio signals. Next, the first and second TRPs may be configured to transmit and / or receive the first and second radio signals from the UE and the UE respectively may be configured to receive and / or transmit the first and the second radio signals. In some examples, the UE or TRPs may obtain high-accuracy positioning measurements based on the first and second radio signals and send the measurements to the positioning controlling node.

[0069] Another embodiment may be a method for a positioning controlling function (e.g., positioning node or serving BS), controlling configuration of high-accuracy positioning measurements. The method may include determining the need for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from TRP 1 and TRP2 associated with the same cell ID (e.g., determine upon selecting a specific positioning method based on such measurements, upon a positioning request from a client, etc.). The method may continue by sending a request to a UE (e.g., LI, MAC, or high-layer such as RRC or LPP) or a radio network node (e.g., via NRPPa) for high-accuracy positioning measurements that may be performed on radio signals from TRPs associated with the same cell ID. The radio network node may further configure and collect the high-accuracy positioning measurements from its TRPs. A first type of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS) may be configured for the high-accuracy intra-cell measurements, while a second type of reference signal (e.g., PRS) may be configured for other positioning measurements. Then the method may include receiving the high-accuracy positioning measurements in response to the request from the UE or from the radio network node.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 17 of 51

[0070] FIGURE 10 illustrates an example of a communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments. In the example, the communication system 100 includes a telecommunication network 102 that includes an access network 104, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 106, which includes one or more core network nodes 108. The access network 104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 110a and 110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 110), or any other similar 3GPP access node or non-3GPP access point. The network nodes 110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 112) to the core network 106 over one or more wireless connections.

[0071] Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 102, including one or more network nodes 110 and / or core network nodes 108.

[0072] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU), an open distributed unit (O-DU), an open central unit (O-CU), including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification). The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, Wl, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include anP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 18 of 51O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an 0-2 interface defined by the 0-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.

[0073] In some embodiments, the telecommunication network 102 includes a non-terrestrial network, NTN. Unless otherwise described herein, embodiments applicable for NTN may be implanted according to the following clauses. An NTN is telecommunication network where the radio access payload is conveyed via satellite to aground station. E-UTRAN supports radio access over non-terrestrial networks for BL UEs, UEs in enhanced coverage and NB-IoT UEs. Support for non-terrestrial networks encompasses platforms that provide radio access through Geosynchronous orbits (GSO), Non-Geosynchronous Orbit (NGSO), which includes Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) or High-Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS). Another example of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) provides non-terrestrial NR access to the UE by means of an NTN payload and an NTN Gateway, a service link between the NTN payload and a UE, and a feeder link between the NTN Gateway and the NTN payload exists. An access network 104 may include an NTN access network such as the 3GPP Satellite Access Node (SAN) which comprises non-NTN infrastructure base station functions (e.g. eNB / gNB) a terrestrial Gateway which provides the interface to the feeder link to an NTN payload RF node. In some embodiments a network node 110 comprises a SAN, wherein the location of base station functions for a network node 110 (described above for the general terrestrial access) vary between residing in the terrestrial access network node part of the SAN and the NTN Payload RF node functions depending on the supported architecture. One example of NTN architecture is called bent pipe or transparent architecture where the radio frequency processing function (transceiver) on a satellite platform is interconnected with a terrestrial base station, also known as transparent architecture, and the NTN payload is passed transparently, no unpacking. Another example of NTN architecture is called regenerative architecture, where part or all of the eNB / gNB can be in the satellite.

[0074] In some examples a SAN includes an open radio unit (O-RU), an open distributed unit (O-DU), an open central unit (O-CU), including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU -UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification).P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 19 of 51

[0075] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.

[0076] The UEs 112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 102.

[0077] In the depicted example, the core network 106 connects the network nodes 110 to one or more hosts, such as host 116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features ofthese components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and / or a User Plane Function (UPF).

[0078] The host 116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 104 and / or the telecommunication network 102 and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 116 mayP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 20 of 51host a variety of applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.

[0079] As a whole, the communication system 100 of FIGURE 10 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.

[0080] In some examples, the telecommunication network 102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 102. For example, the telecommunications network 102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)ZMassive loT services to yet further UEs.

[0081] In some examples, the UEs 112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 21 of51

[0082] In the example, the hub 114 communicates with the access network 104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 112c and / or 112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 110b). In some examples, the hub 114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 114. As another example, the hub 114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.

[0083] The hub 114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 110b. The hub 114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 114 and UEs (e.g., UE 112c and / or 112d), and between the hub 114 and the core network 106. In other examples, the hub 114 is connected to the core network 106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 110 while still connected via the hub 114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 114 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 110b. In other embodiments, the hub 114 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 22 of 51

[0084] FIGURE 11 shows a UE 200 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.

[0085] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).

[0086] The UE 200 includes processing circuitry 202 that is operatively coupled via a bus 204 to an input / output interface 206, a power source 208, a memory 210, a communication interface 212, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIGURE 11. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0087] The processing circuitry 202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine -readable computer programs in the memory 210. The processing circuitry 202 mayP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 23 of 51be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[0088] In the example, the input / output interface 206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.

[0089] In some embodiments, the power source 208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 208 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 208. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 200 to which power is supplied.

[0090] The memory 210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random -access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmableP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 24 of 51read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 210 includes one or more application programs 214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 216. The memory 210 may store, for use by the UE 200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

[0091] The memory 210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’ The memory 210 may allow the UE 200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.

[0092] The processing circuitry 202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 212. The communication interface 212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 222. The communication interface 212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 218 and / or a receiver 220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). Moreover, the transmitter 218 and receiver 220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 25 of 51

[0093] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / intemet protocol (TCP / IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.

[0094] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 212, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).

[0095] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.

[0096] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smokeP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 26 of 51detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an loT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the loT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 200 shown in FIGURE 11.

[0097] As yet another specific example, in an loT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.

[0098] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.

[0099] FIGURE 12 shows a network node 300 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations,P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 27 of 51Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)), O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU), components of a satellite access network (SAN) (e.g., terrestrial base station, gateway, NTN payload RF function) (the NTN and components of the satellite network are described in more detail with respect to FIGURE 10).

[0100] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[0101] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).

[0102] The network node 300 includes a processing circuitry 302, a memory 304, a communication interface 306, and a power source 308. The network node 300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 310 may be shared byP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 28 of 51different RATs). The network node 300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 300.

[0103] The processing circuitry 302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 300 components, such as the memory 304, to provide network node 300 functionality.

[0104] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes a system on a chip (SOC).In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 312 and baseband processing circuitry 314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 312 and the baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 312 and baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.

[0105] The memory 304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 302. The memory 304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 302 and utilized by the network node 300. The memory 304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 302 and / or any data received via theP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 29 of 51communication interface 306. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 and memory 304 is integrated.

[0106] The communication interface 306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 306 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 306 also includes radio front-end circuitry 318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 310. Radio front-end circuitry 318 comprises filters 320 and amplifiers 322. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may be connected to an antenna 310 and processing circuitry 302. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 310 and processing circuitry 302. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 320 and / or amplifiers 322. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 310. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 318. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0107] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 318, instead, the processing circuitry 302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 312 is part of the communication interface 306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 306 includes one or more ports or terminals 316, the radio front-end circuitry 318, and the RF transceiver circuitry 312, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0108] The antenna 310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 310 is separate from the network node 300 and connectable to the network node 300 through an interface or port.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 30 of 51

[0109] The antenna 310, communication interface 306, and / or the processing circuitry 302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 310, the communication interface 306, and / or the processing circuitry 302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.

[0110] The power source 308 provides power to the various components of network node 300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The power source 308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 300 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 308. As a further example, the power source 308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.[oni] Embodiments of the network node 300 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIGURE 12 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 300 and to allow output of information from the network node 300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 300.

[0112] FIGURE 13 is a block diagram of a host 400, which may be an embodiment of the host 116 of FIGURE 10, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 31 of51

[0113] The host 400 includes processing circuitry 402 that is operatively coupled via a bus 404 to an input / output interface 406, a network interface 408, a power source 410, and a memory 412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 3 and 4, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 400.

[0114] The memory 412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 414 and data 416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 400 or data generated by the host 400 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems). The host application programs 414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 400 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH), etc.

[0115] FIGURE 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1400 in a wireless device, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, one or more steps of FIGURE 14 may be performed by UE 200 described with respect to FIGURE 11. The wireless device is in communication with a serving cell comprising a first TRP and a second TRP.

[0116] The method may begin at step 1412, where the wireless device (e.g., UE 200) transmits a capability indication to the serving cell. The capability indication indicates a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell. An example is illustrated in FIGURE 7.

[0117] At step 1414, the wireless device receives downlink control information from the serving cell scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a secondP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 32 of 51positioning transmission from the second TRP. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 2-4 and 6-8.

[0118] In particular embodiments, receiving downlink control information comprises receiving a single downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission (e.g., step 1 of Figure 2), or receiving a first downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and a second downlink control information scheduling the second positioning transmission (e.g., step 1 of Figure 3).

[0119] At step 1416, the wireless device receives the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP.

[0120] In particular embodiments, the first positioning transmission and the second positioning trans-mission comprise any one of a SSB, CSI-RS, PRS, tracking reference signal (TRS), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0121] In particular embodiments, the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.

[0122] In some embodiments, the positioning algorithm may use both downlink and uplink transmissions to determine aposition of the wireless device. In such embodiments, the method may continue to step 1418, otherwise the method skips to step 1420.

[0123] At step 1418, the wireless device may transmit a first positioning uplink signal to the first TRP and a second positioning uplink signal to the second TRP.

[0124] At step 1420, the wireless device determines one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission. The wireless device may determine the one or more positioning measurement results according to any of the embodiments and / or examples described herein.

[0125] At step 1422, the wireless device reports the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function (e.g., base station, LMF, etc.). In some embodiments, the measurement results include the raw measurement data, which may include timestamps, measured signal strength, etc., associated with the received positioning transmissions, which the network node or positioning function may use to determine a position of the wireless device . In some embodiments, the wireless device may perform positioning calculations based on theP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 33 of 51received positioning transmissions and the reported measurement results may include the results of the positioning calculations.

[0126] In particular embodiments, the one or more positioning measurement results include a time off-set between the first TRP and the second TRP.

[0127] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1400 of FIGURE 14. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIGURE 14 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[0128] FIGURE 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1500 in a network node, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, one or more steps of FIGURE 15 may be performed by network node 300 described with respect to FIGURE 12. The network node comprises two or more TRPs.

[0129] The method may begin at step 1512, where the network node (e.g., network node 300) receive a capability indication from a wireless device (e.g., UE 200). The capability indication indicates a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

[0130] At step 1514, the network node may receive a request from a positioning function (e.g., another base station, LMF, etc.) to trigger multiple TRP positioning for the wireless device. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 6 and 7.

[0131] At step 1516, the network node transmits downlink control information to a wireless device. The downlink control information schedules a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP. An example is described with respect to step 1414 of FIGURE 14.

[0132] At step 1518, the network node transmits the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP. An example is described with respect to step 1416 of FIGURE 14.

[0133] At step 1520, the network node receives a measurement report from the wireless device. The measurement report comprises one or more positioning measurement results measured by the wireless device based on the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission. An example is described with respect to step 1422 of FIGURE 14.

[0134] In some embodiments, the positioning algorithm may use both downlink and uplink transmissions to determine aposition of the wireless device. In such embodiments, the method may continue to step 1522, otherwise the method skips to step 1524.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 34 of 51

[0135] At step 1522, the network node may receive a first positioning uplink signal at the first TRP from the wireless device and a second positioning uplink signal at the second TRP from the wireless device.

[0136] At step 1524, the network node may transmit the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function. Examples are illustrated in FIGURES 7 and 8.

[0137] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1500 of FIGURE 15. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIGURE 15 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order. For example, in some embodiments step 1522 may be performed earlier or later.

[0138] FIGURE 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1500 in a location management function (LMF) network node, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, one or more steps of FIGURE 16 may be performed by network node 300 described with respect to FIGURE 12.

[0139] The method may begin at step 1612, where the LMF (e.g., network node 300) receive a capability indication for a UE (e.g., UE 200). The capability indication indicates a capability of the UE for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of a serving cell. The LMF may receive the capability indication from the UE or from a serving network node for the UE. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 6-8.

[0140] At step 1614, the LMF may receive a capability indication for a network node. The capability indication indicates a capability of the network node for performing positioning using multiple TRPs. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 6-8.

[0141] At step 1616, the LMF transmits a request to a network node. The request comprises a request to perform a mTRP positioning procedure for a UE. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 6-8.

[0142] At step 1618, the LMF receives a response from the network node. The response comprises mTRP measurement results from the UE. Examples are described with respect to FIGURES 6-8.

[0143] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1600 of FIGURE 16. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIGURE 16 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[0144] FIGURE 17 is a flowchart illustrating another example method 1700 in a wireless device, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, one or more steps ofP113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 35 of 51FIGURE 17 may be performed by UE 200 described with respect to FIGURE 11. The wireless device is in communication with a serving cell comprising a first TRP and a second TRP.

[0145] The method may begin at step 1712, where the wireless device (e.g., UE 200) transmits a capability indication to the serving cell. The capability indication indicates a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell. An example is described with respect to step 1412 of FIGURE 14.

[0146] At step 1714, the wireless device transmits a first positioning transmission to the first TRP. The first positioning transmission may be associated with a first timing advance value. An example is illustrated in FIGURE 9.

[0147] At step 1716, the wireless device transmits a second positioning transmission to the second TRP. The second positioning transmission may be associated with a second timing advance value. An example is illustrated in FIGURE 9.

[0148] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1700 of FIGURE 17. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIGURE 17 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[0149] FIGURE 18 is a flowchart illustrating another example method 1800 in a network node, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, one or more steps of FIGURE 18 may be performed by network node 300 described with respect to FIGURE 12. The network node comprises two or more TRPs.

[0150] The method begins at step 1814, where the network node receives the first positioning transmission at the first TRP and the second positioning transmission at the second TRP. The first positioning transmission may be associated with a first timing advance value, and the second positioning transmission may be associated with a second timing advance value. An example is described with respect to FIGURE 9.

[0151] At step 1816, the network node determines one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission, according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein.

[0152] At step 1818, the network node reports the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function (e.g., base station, LMF, etc.). In particular embodiments, the reporting may include reporting the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 36 of 51

[0153] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1800 of FIGURE 18. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIGURE 18 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[0154] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methods disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The methods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order.

[0155] Some example embodiments follow.Group A Embodiments1. A method performed by a positioning node to request serving a base station for providing user equipment (UE) measurements based upon serving cell mTRP, the method comprising:providing a list of TRPs belonging to a serving cell;providing capability that supports one or more serving cell mTRP measurements for positioning;acquiring a coarse location of UE (e.g., associated with the best beam, QCL information, etc.) or using a pre-defined coarse location (e.g., cell center);selecting TRPs belonging to the serving cell;requesting the base station to trigger one or more mTRP measurements from one or more TRPs;performing one or more mTRP measurements; andproviding the one or more mTRP measurements to the positioning node.2. The method of embodiment 1 further comprising transmitting any one of;- Control signal / Information- reference signal,- data packet- empty data packetwhich can be used by the UE for the one or more mTRP measurements.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 37 of 513. The method of any of embodiments 1-2 wherein the one or more mTRP measurements comprise delay or delay offset, pathloss difference, and time difference of arrival performed between at least 2 TRPs belonging to a common serving cell.4. The method of any of embodiments 1-2 wherein the one or more mTRP measurements are based upon any one of: Channel State Information - Reference Signal, CSI-RS; Demodulation Reference Signal, DMRS; or Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH.5. The method of any of embodiments 1-4 wherein the one or more measurements are used to achieve coherent joint transmission (CJT) among mTRPs.6. The method of any of embodiments 1-5 wherein the one or more mTRP measurements are triggered by higher layer signaling LPP, RRC.7. The method of any of embodiments 1-5 wherein the one or more mTRP measurements are triggered by lower layers MAC, DCI.8. The method of any of embodiments 1-7 wherein serving the base station comprises using different precoder weights to time align transmission from different TRPs.9. The method of any of embodiments 1-8 wherein TRPs are selected based upon geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) with respect to that coarse location.10. The method of any of embodiments 1-8 wherein TRP is selected based on UE signals or the UE measurements based on the TRPs’ signals.11. The method of any of embodiments 1 -9 further comprising scheduling downlink control information (DCI) and physical data shared channel (PDSCH).Group B Embodiments12. A method performed by a UE for performing high-accuracy positioning measurements the method comprising:P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 38 of 51receiving, from a positioning controlling function, a positioning measurement request based on a first radio signal transmitted from a first TRP and a second radio signal transmitted from a second TRP, wherein the first TRP and the second TRP are associated with a same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell of the UE;receiving the first radio signal and the second radio signal;obtaining one or more positioning measurement results, based on the received first radio signal and second radio signal; andreporting the measurement results to a positioning function for obtaining a location of the UE, by a positioning processing function using the one or more positioning measurement results.13. The method of embodiment 12 wherein the positioning measurement request is selected from the group consisting of: DCI, MAC, and higher-layer protocol.14. The method of any of embodiments 12-13 further comprising transmitting toward the first TRP and the second TRP for bidirectional positioning measurements.15. The method of any of embodiments 12-14 wherein the positioning processing function comprises applying a compensation based on a known timing offset between the first TRP and the second TRP.16. The method of any of embodiments 12-14 wherein the positioning processing function is the positioning controlling function.17. The method of any of embodiments 12-16 wherein the first radio signal and second radio signal are selected from the group consisting of: CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2, SSB1 and SSB2, mTRP PRS1 and mTRP PRS2, RS, and DL data channel.18. The method of any of embodiments 12-17 further comprising generating mTRP positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence based on one common ID and one distinct ID.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 39 of 5119. The method of any of embodiments 12-18 wherein the first radio signal and second radio signal are comprised in different RS sets characterized by different resource sets IDs.20. The method of any of embodiments 12-19 wherein the positioning controlling function comprises:determining a need for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from the first TRP and the second TRP;sending a request to the UE for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from TRPs associated with the same cell ID; andreceiving high-accuracy positioning measurements in response to the request.Group C Embodiments21. A method performed by a radio network node for performing high-accuracy positioning measurements the method comprising:receiving, from a positioning controlling function, a positioning measurement request, based on a first radio signal involving a first TRP and a second radio signal involving a second TRP, wherein the first TRP and the second TRP are associated with the same cell ID corresponding to a serving cell of a UE transmitting and receiving the first radio signal and the second radio signal; andconfiguring the first TRP and second TRP to transmit and / or receive the first radio signal and second radio signal from the UE.22. The method of embodiment 21 wherein the first TRP is a first DU and the second TRP is a second DU.23. The method of any of embodiments 21-22 further comprising:obtaining high-accuracy positioning measurements based on the first radio signal and second radio signal; andsending the high-accuracy positioning measurements to the positioning controlling node.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 40 of 5124. The method of any of embodiments 21-23 wherein the positioning controlling function comprises:determining a need for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from the first TRP and the second TRP;sending a request to the radio network node for high-accuracy positioning measurements to be performed on radio signals from TRPs associated with the same cell ID; andreceiving high-accuracy positioning measurements in response to the request.25. The method of embodiment 24 wherein the radio network node further configures and collects the high-accuracy positioning measurements from TRPs associated with the radio network node.26. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising:providing user data; andforwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.Group D Embodiments27. A wireless device for performing mTRP serving cell-based positioning for beyond 5G communication networks, comprising:processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments; anda power source configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.28. A network node for performing mTRP serving cell-based positioning for beyond 5G communication networks, the network node comprising:processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A or C embodiments; anda power source circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.29. A wireless device for performing mTRP serving cell-based positioning for beyond 5G communication networks, the wireless device comprising:P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 41 of51one or more antennas;communication interface connected to the one or more antennas and to processing circuitry;the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments;an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry;an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; anda power source connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.

[0156] The foregoing description sets forth numerous specific details. It is understood, however, that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included descriptions, will be able to implement appropriate functionality without undue experimentation.

[0157] References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.

[0158] Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description of the embodiments does not constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure, as defined by the claims below.

Claims

P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 42 of 51CLAIMS:

1. A method performed by a wireless device in communication with a serving cell comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the method comprising:receiving (1414) downlink control information from the serving cell scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP;receiving (1416) the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP;determining (1420) one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; andreporting (1422) the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving downlink control information comprises receiving a single downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving downlink control information comprises receiving a first downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and a second downlink control information scheduling the second positioning transmission.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the one or more positioning measurement results include a time offset between the first TRP and the second TRP.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 -4, wherein the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 43 of 516. The method of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising transmitting (1418) a first positioning uplink signal to the first TRP and a second positioning uplink signal to the second TRP.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising transmitting (1412) a capability indication to the serving cell, the capability indication indicating a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission comprise any one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), positioning reference signal (PRS), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the positioning function comprises one of a base station and a location management function (LMF).

10. A wireless device (200) capable of communicating with a serving cell comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the wireless device comprising processing circuitry (202) operable to:receive downlink control information from the serving cell scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP;receive the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP;determine one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; andreport the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

11. The wireless device of claim 10, the processing circuitry further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 2-9.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 44 of 5112. A method performed by a network node comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the method comprising:transmitting (1516) downlink control information to a wireless device, the downlink control information scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP;transmitting (1518) the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP; andreceiving (1520) a measurement report from the wireless device, the measurement report comprising one or more positioning measurement results measured by the wireless device based on the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting downlink control information comprises transmitting a single downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting downlink control information comprises transmitting a first downlink control information scheduling the first positioning transmission and a second downlink control information scheduling the second positioning transmission.

15. The method of any one of claims 12-14, further comprising receiving (1514) a request from a positioning function to trigger multiple TRP positioning for the wireless device.

16. The method of any one of claims 12-15, wherein the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with a serving cell provided by the network node and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.

17. The method of any one of claims 12-16, further comprising receiving (1522) a first positioning uplink signal at the first TRP from the wireless device and a second positioning uplink signal at the second TRP from the wireless device.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 45 of 5118. The method of any one of claims 12-17, further comprising receiving (1512) a capability indication from the wireless device, the capability indication indicating a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

19. The method of any one of claims 12-18, wherein the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission comprise any one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), positioning reference signal (PRS), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

20. The method of any one of claims 12-19, further comprising transmitting (1524) the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the positioning function comprises one of a base station and a location management function (LMF).

22. A network node (300) comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the network node comprising processing circuitry (302) operable to: transmit downlink control information to a wireless device (200), the downlink control information scheduling a first positioning transmission from the first TRP and a second positioning transmission from the second TRP;transmit the first positioning transmission from the first TRP and the second positioning transmission from the second TRP; andreceive a measurement report from the wireless device, the measurement report comprising one or more positioning measurement results measured by the wireless device based on the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission.

23. The network node of claim 22, the processing circuitry further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 13-21.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 46 of 5124. A method performed by a location management function (LMF), the method comprising:transmitting (1616) a request to a network node, the request comprising a request to perform a multiple transmission reception point (mTRP) positioning procedure for a user equipment (UE); andreceiving (1618) a response from the network node, the response comprising mTRP measurement results from the UE.

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising receiving (1612) a capability indication for the UE, the capability indication indicating a capability of the UE for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of a serving cell.

26. The method of any one of claims 24-25, further comprising receiving (1614) a capability indication for the network node, the capability indication indicating a capability of the network node for performing positioning using multiple TRPs.

27. A location management function (LMF) network node (300), the network node comprising processing circuitry (302) operable to:transmit a request to a network node, the request comprising a request to perform a multiple transmission reception point (mTRP) positioning procedure for a user equipment (UE); andreceive a response from the network node, the response comprising mTRP measurement results from the UE.

28. The LMF network node of claim 27, the processing circuitry further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 25-26.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 47 of 5129. A method performed by a wireless device in communication with a serving cell comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the method comprising:transmitting ( 1714) a first positioning transmission to the first TRP, the first positioning transmission associated with a first timing advance value; andtransmitting (1716) a second positioning transmission to the second TRP, the second positioning transmission associated with a second timing advance value.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.

31. The method of any one of claims 29-30, further comprising transmitting (1712) a capability indication to the serving cell, the capability indication indicating a capability of the wireless device for performing positioning using multiple TRPs of the serving cell.

32. The method of any one of claims 29-31, wherein the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission comprise any one of a sounding reference signal (SRS), a random access preamble, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

33. A wireless device (200) capable of communicating with a serving cell comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the wireless device comprising processing circuitry (202) operable to:transmit a first positioning transmission to the first TRP, the first positioning transmission associated with a first timing advance value; andtransmit a second positioning transmission to the second TRP, the second positioning transmission associated with a second timing advance value.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 48 of 5134. The wireless device of claim 33, the processing circuitry further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 30-32.P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 49 of 5135. A method performed by a network node comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the method comprising:receiving (1814) a first positioning transmission at the first TRP and a second positioning transmission at the second TRP from a user equipment (UE), the first positioning transmission associated with a first timing advance value and the second positioning transmission associated with a second timing advance value;determining (1816) one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; andreporting (1818) the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein reporting the one or more positioning measurement results further comprises reporting the first timing advance value and the second timing advance value.

37. The method of any one of claims 35-36, wherein the first positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on a common identifier associated with a serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the first TRP, and the second positioning transmission comprises a sequence based on the common identifier associated with the serving cell and a specific identifier associated with the second TRP.

38. The method of any one of claims 35-37, wherein the first positioning transmission and the second positioning transmission comprise any one of a sounding reference signal (SRS), a random access preamble, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

39. A network node (300) comprising a first transmission receptions point (TRP) and a second TRP, the network node comprising processing circuitry (302) operable to: receive a first positioning transmission at the first TRP and a second positioning transmission at the second TRP from a user equipment (UE), the first positioning transmission associated with a first timing advance value and the second positioning transmission associated with a second timing advance value;P113001W001 PCT APPLICATION 50 of 51determine one or more positioning measurement results based on the received first positioning transmission and second positioning transmission; andreport the one or more positioning measurement results to a positioning function.

40. The network node of claim 39, the processing circuitry further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 36-38.

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