An insulated interconnection with a heat sink and conductive cell regions dissipates heat and balances cell temperature and state of charge.
A one-way valve layout directs coolant through the energy store during service filling and flushing, avoiding bypass through the heat exchanger and filter.
A cell-surrounding connector creates the cooling zone boundary, cutting assembly effort while improving fluid sealing and temperature control.
Biasing members and tension rods keep cells engaged with bus bars while enabling replacement, thermal control, and safer battery modules.
Pressure is regulated in immersed battery cooling with piston-based liquid compression, improving cell life, safety, and pump efficiency.
Integrated gas storage walls and spray plates suppress battery pack fires without heat-vulnerable controls or gas backflow.
Embedded heat pipes tied to battery current collectors and liquid channels cut thermal resistance, speed cooling and preheating, and limit thermal runaway.
Switchable flow paths isolate radiator and chiller losses so drive-device heat can warm the electrical storage device more efficiently.
Variable elastomer bead thickness lets an oval plug seal handle bore misalignment while preserving sealing pressure and fluid flow in tight spaces.
C16-C24 alkane blends from 1-octene oligomers raise flash point without losing low viscosity, while keeping low pour point and stability.
C16-C36 alkane PAO solvents combine low viscosity with high flash point to cool batteries by direct contact while reducing volatility and flammability.
An integrated spray pipe uses battery coolant for localized fire suppression and heat containment without a separate tank.
Airflow, shut-off, and heating elements regulate battery unit temperature quickly using air inside the housing without complex liquid cooling.
Charger-powered preheating and switch control warm cold lithium-ion cells before charging to protect reliability and enable fast charging.
Active inlet-outlet airflow keeps a battery module within its working temperature range during charging and discharging to avoid overheating or condensation.
Dual refrigerant and coolant plates balance battery pack temperatures in cold starts and charging by adjusting flow rates for more uniform heating.
Fluid cushion pressure is used to adjust battery cell charge or temperature, maintaining uniform compression without a pump and reducing pack size.
Uneven thermal resistance and one-sided insulation guide heat to the cooling portion while suppressing local cell overheating.
A deformable outer wall helps a battery module heat exchanger match cell surfaces, improving thermal contact, flow area, and pressure loss.
Flat tubes, spacer strips, and connector-linked line segments create a lower-cost battery cooling layout that adapts to different cell configurations.
Integrated gas chambers in battery case walls feed spray plates to suppress fire at high temperature without separate pumps, injectors, or tanks.
Alternating cooling and heating near a target temperature reduces battery thermal gradients, avoiding output limits and cell deterioration.
Differential flow-path cross sections equalize coolant distribution between battery cells, improving temperature uniformity across the module.
A conductive frame with full-height recesses and deformable gap filler improves cell heat transfer, temperature uniformity, and pack stability.
Multiple discharge ports and a case vent relieve pressure during battery thermal runaway while maintaining cooling fluid control.
Corrugated heat transfer plates between staggered cylindrical cells improve heat dissipation and thermoresponsiveness without enlarging the pack.
A partitioned battery container and blocking portion confine leaked coolant, protecting control modules and reducing fire risk.
A rack-side blocking member with an accommodation space and drain control contains leaked coolant, limiting external leakage and fire risk.
Directed coolant flow between immersed battery cells and pack walls improves heat transfer, limits degradation, and helps mitigate thermal runaway.
Temperature sensors compare battery and heater readings to flag degradation and swelling risk when full-charge use hides battery health loss.
A dual-loop liquid cooling layout links battery and PCS heat paths to cut compressor energy use, save space, and improve heat dissipation.
Deformable bent walls absorb battery assembly tolerances while reinforced connection regions improve fit, strength, and temperature control.
A shared cooling loop cools battery packs and the power conversion system, then reuses PCS heat to preheat batteries with lower size, weight, and energy use.
A dual-loop liquid cooling layout lets battery and PCS circuits share heat dissipation, cutting air-cooling energy use and box space.
Navigation-based pre-cooling adjusts refrigerant flow before high battery load, balancing battery temperature, cabin comfort, and energy use.
Coolant is routed into a runaway battery module, and expansion pads close air channels to retain water and prevent flame spread.
Dynamic coolant flow splitting between parallel heat-exchanger paths limits overcooling and battery temperature swings in cold conditions.
Hybrid PCM regions matched to battery cell temperature gradients absorb heat, cut temperature deviation, and improve cell stability.
Dual-sided heating films on a conductive plate expand battery core heating area, improving low-temperature efficiency while limiting overheating and shorts.
Adaptive electronics tune generator load to match motion and payload, while generated power warms batteries for safe charging in cold weather.
An applied electric field suppresses early battery thermal runaway without agent penetration limits in densely packed modules.
Dual battery thermal modes let user-triggered adjustment override route-based charging prep while keeping the pack in a suitable charging range.
Parallel flow dividers, a plate heat exchanger, radiator, and heater improve battery cooling efficiency while reducing space and power use.
A four-way valve switches coolant direction from cell temperature feedback to reduce battery pack temperature differences under high load.
Variable-volume two-phase immersion cooling uses pressure waves and feedback control to limit EV component heating at high power density.
Heat-responsive elements open coolant flow onto overheating cells, enabling direct cooling to stop thermal runaway and fire spread.
Dual pump pressure shifts a passive valve shuttle to route coolant, replacing electric valves and reducing thermal control complexity and maintenance.
Different flow-chamber regions and two-sided controller mounting improve battery cooling, heat transfer, pressure drop, and deaeration.