Rounded bolt transitions and a diagonal uniform gap cut stress concentration and arcing in turbomachine power connectors.
Positioning the supercharger housing outside the cylinder block boosts intake air pressure while preserving a compact off-road engine layout.
Independent Otto and Atkinson pistons improve fuel-to-electricity conversion, cut emissions, and enable mobile EV charging.
A side-by-side air-liquid intercooler and compressor layout cuts vehicle dimensions while preserving intake air cooling and aerodynamic channel design.
Placing air/liquid intercoolers beside the compressor cuts intake packaging size, enabling a tapered chassis without sacrificing engine operation.
A centered motor rotor and single cassette-supported roller bearings cut bearing complexity, wear, and electromagnetic loss in high-speed turbochargers.
Diverging transfer passages reshape pre-chamber ignition jets to improve gas exchange, combustion, and manufacturing simplicity.