Segmented thermoplastic adhesive bonds on a fuel cell frame member expand independently during heating to join the separator without inducing structural distortion.
An eggshell membrane insulates porous electrodes to harvest energy from water penetration, bypassing dam infrastructure.
Baffle plates regulate back pressure within manifold assemblies to deliver consistent gas flow, preventing overheating from uneven distribution.
Porous carbon nanomaterials on bipolar plates increase electroactive surface area, resolving low current density limits in flow battery systems.
Surface functional groups on a composite electrolyte membrane improve phosphoric acid retention, resolving leakage issues in high-temperature fuel cells.
Dynamic slurry circulation replaces static electrodes, resolving the trade-off between high surface area and active substance transfer.
A reinforced membrane with a cellular structure filled with ion-conducting material to enhance durability.
Plugging porous substrate pores with a hydroxide-ion conductive compound prevents zinc dendrite intrusion and short circuits in secondary zinc batteries.